English Language ArtsLevel 7 #5Ms. Walker

Today’s Objectives

Prefixes that mean “not”Grammar: Parts of Speech – Conjunctions and PrepositionsArticles and InterjectionsSentence BuildingIdiom of the Day

Common Prefixes for the Word, “Not”

a- dis- il-un-

im- in- ir-mis-

Each Prefix Means “Not”

“a-” typical =

“dis-” agree =

“il-” literate =

“un-” popular =

Not typical

Not agree

Not literate

Not popular

Prefixes for the Word “Not”

“im-” mobile =

“in-” exact =

“ir-” responsible

“mis-”interpret =

Not mobile

Not exact

Not responsible

Not understood

The Prefix “un-”

“un-” = not

The Prefix “dis-”

“dis-” = not

The Prefix “im-”

“im-” = not

Assignment

Find one word in the dictionary that begins with each prefix below.

a- dis- il- un-

im- in- ir-mis-

Answers Will Vary

Remember: Each prefix means “not.” Look for words that have the “not” meaning at the beginning of each word.

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Part 2 – Grammar:

Parts of SpeechPrepositions

andConjunctions

Grammar: Parts of Speech

Preposition Defined

A preposition belongs to a class of words that are used before nouns, pronouns, or other substantives (words that function as nouns) to form phrases functioning as modifiers of verbs, nouns, or adjectives.

Prepositional Phrases

Study the list of prepositions that accompany this lesson. These words are most often used to start a phrase (a word group that acts as a part of speech).

Prepositional Phrases

Examples of prepositional phrases:

In the roomon the tableby Wednesdayto the store

How to make aPrepositional Phrase

The prepositional phrase consists of at least two words: it begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun. Look at your list of prepositions. Select one preposition and add a noun to it.

Making the Prepositional Phrase

Example: “in the room”“In” is the preposition. “Room” is the noun. “In room” forms an incomplete prepositional phrase, but these two parts are the main ingredients.

Making the Prepositional Phrase

Remember that we need an adjective to describe the noun. In “which” room? If we add “the,” our phrase is complete.

Prepositional Phrase

“In the room” is a complete prepositional phrase. Let’s create another prepositional phrase using “on.” Remember: we begin with “on.” We then add a noun or pronoun and any modifiers.

Prepositional Phrase

To make the prepositional phrase we begin with the preposition “on.” Now we have to answer the question “on what?” or “on whom?”

Answer

“On what? or “On whom?” “on the table” or “on him”

Notice that a noun or pronoun follows the preposition. The noun or pronoun that follows the preposition is called the “object of the preposition.”

How to diagram the prepositional phrase

“on the table”

on

tableth

e

prepositionNoun (object of the preposition)

adjective

Usage in a Sentence

The book is on the table.

book is

on tabl

e thePrepositional Phrase

Preposition Before a Pronoun

When a preposition comes before a pronoun, an adjective used to describe it is not necessary.Example: John gave the book to her.

Pronoun after a Preposition

John gave the book to her.

John gave bookt

o herPrepositio

n

Pronoun

Prepositional Phrase

Prepositions in a Diagram

How do we know where to place a prepositional phrase in a diagram? Prepositional Phrases act as either adverbs or adjectives and are placed beneath the verb or the noun it modifies.

Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives

A prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun is functioning as an adjective phrase. Remember that adjectives tell what kind, how many, or which one.

Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives

The whale with the unusual markings is our favorite.

(tells which whale)

whale is favoriteou

rmarkings

with

theunusual

The

Prepositional Phrases as Adverbs

A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb is functioning as an adverb phrase. Remember that adverbs tell how, when, where, how often, and to what extent.

Prepositional Phrases as Adverbs

The whales in the water park show performed with ease. (adverb phrase; tells how)

whales performedwith eas

e

Assignment

Complete the prepositional phrase worksheet. You must have 11 correct answers to show proficiency.

Grammar: Parts of Speech

Conjunctions Connect

Conjunctions are words that connect words, sentences or clauses together. There are two main types of conjunctions: coordinating and subordinating.

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Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions join two items of equal importance. For, and, nor, but, or, yet and so are the coordinating conjunctions in English.

Coordinating Conjunctions

There is an easy way to memorize the seven coordinating conjunctions by forming the mnemonic FANBOYS.

Coordinating Conjunctions

= for= and= nor= but= or= yet= so

O

The Conjunction “For”

“For” which means “because,” is used to show a reason between clauses.He is always crying, for he is very sad.

The Conjunction “And”

“And” joins two similar ideas, words, phrases, or clauses together.

We played very well, and we still lost the game.

Diagram the Coordinating Conjunction

We played very well, and we still lost the game. We played

We lostgame

welland

stillthe

very

The Conjunction “Nor”

“Nor” is used to join two negative alternatives.

I don’t like red, nor do I like blue.

The Conjunction “But”

“But” joins two contrasting ideas.

We played very well, but we still lost the game.

The Conjunction “Or”

“Or” joins two alternative ideas.

Either we are going to win, or they are going to win.

The Conjunction “Yet”

“Yet” means “but,” and is used to show a disagreement between clauses.I am smarter than my brother, yet he still got a higher grade on the test.

The Conjunction “So”

“So” shows that the second idea is the result of the first and shows a reason between clauses.I want to get there early, so we should leave soon.

Subordinating Conjunctions although, as, because, before,

if, once,

sincethan,

that,till,unless,

until, when,

whenever, where, wherever.

Subordinating Conjunctions

A subordinating conjunction introduces a dependent clause, which depends on the rest of the sentence for its meaning and cannot stand alone:

Dependent Clause in a Diagram

Although the boy wrote a story, he did not get a grade.

he did get grade

boy wrote story

not

aAlthough

the

a

Using the Subordinating Conjunction

Unless is another subordinating conjunction that starts a dependent clause

Unless we leave now, we will be late.

Diagram the Subordinating Conjunction

“Unless we leave now” is a dependent clause.

we will be late

we leave

unless

now

SubordinatingConjunction

Dependent Clause

Subordinating Conjunctions List

Study the subordinating conjunctions list that accompanies this lesson. Use these words to make dependent clauses that will be particularly helpful when writing paragraphs.

Assignment

Complete the coordinating conjunctions worksheet. You must have nine correct answers to show proficiency.

Assignment

Complete the adverb phrase worksheet. (The phrases begin with subordinating conjunctions.) You must have seven correct to show proficiency.

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Grammar:

Parts of Speech Articles

AndInterjections

Grammar: Parts of Speech

Articles are Adjectives Which Modify Nouns

There Are Three Articles

A, AN, and THE are called articles. THE is the Definite Article which specifies a particular noun.A and AN are both used for the Indefinite Article. They are not specific.

Articles

"The boy" refers to a definite, particular boy, but "A boy" refers to no particular boy; it could be any boy.

“A ” or “An”?

When do we use “a,” and when do we use “an?”We use “a” before most nouns. We use “an” in front of nouns that begin with the letters “a,” “e,” “i,” “o” or “u.”

The use of “an”

The word, “octopus” begins with the letter “o.” We would never say or write “a octopus.” We must use “an” in front of octopus because it begins with an “o.” Therefore we must write or say “an octopus.”

Use “an” with words that begin with a, e, i, o and u

appleeffortintervieworderunderstanding

Diagram an Article

I will have an apple and a newspaper with the coffee.

I will haveapple

newspaper

|||

an

athe

coffee

with

an

d

Assignment

Complete the Articles worksheet 1that accompanies this lesson.

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Grammar: Parts of Speech

Interjections

Interjection Defined

An interjection is a word or short phrase used in speech to gain attention, to exclaim, protest or command. Interjections can be used to show emotion such as surprise or shock.

Interjections

Interjections are often found at the beginning of a sentence, especially in speech, and are commonly followed by an exclamation mark (!) or a comma.

Interjections

Hey! Get off that floor!Oh, that is a surprise. Good! Now we can move on. Yes! and No!

Interjections Are Sounds

Some interjections are sounds:Examples:Phew! I am not trying that again. Humph! I knew that last week. Mmmm, my compliments to the chef.

Assignments

Complete the interjections worksheet that accompanies this lesson.

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Part 3 - The Idiom

Idioms are spoken phrases that cannot be found in the dictionary. An idiom is an expression that means something other than the literal meanings of its individual words.

“take a back seat”

1. If an activity takes a back seat, you spend less time doing that than other things. He's been putting all his energies into house-hunting recently so his studies have had to take a back seat.

“take a back seat”

2. to let other people take a more active and responsible part in an organization or a situation: I was content to take a back seat and let the rest of my family deal with the crisis.

“take a back seat”

If you take a back seat to something or someone, you don’t necessarily get into the back seat of a car or bus. You let someone else take the lead or you make one thing more important than something else.

This lesson has ended

It was a pleasure to work with you today. During our next lesson, you will learn about root words. You will learn new sentence types. In addition, you will learn a new Idiom of the Day.

This Lesson Has Ended

Goodbye Until Next Time