Adverbs P.114-115 A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another,

adverb by making its meaning more specific.

EXAMPLES: modifying adjectives The movie was very scary. modifying verbs Never swim alone.

modifying adverbs She almost always waited quite patiently.

They modify by answering these questions. • When I change the schedule again. • Where Leave your coat there. • How He stacked the books quickly and neatly. • To what degree We were very sorry.

Every word ending in --ly is an adverb.

PRACTICE: Identify the adverb and tell whether the word it modifies is a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. 1. The sound he made as he slept was barely noticeable. 2. The dog bit the man unintentionally.3. Rachel ran out of the burning building quickly. 4. Luis hardly knew her own sister, who had been at boarding school

for four years. 5. Everyone I know thought the movie was terribly boring and almost

too long to bear. 6. The people of Sweden are frequently blonde. 7. The lion tamers approached the escaped lioness very carefully.8. I will gladly help you with your English homework. 9. Fearfully, Nayda turned to see if anyone was behind her.10. He stumbled sleepily across the floor and reached for the coffee

thirstily.

P. 116

Different forms of adverbs that indicate their degree of comparison. POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Does not compare Compares two actions

Compares more than two actions

Runs fast Runs faster Runs fastestPays soon Pays sooner Pays soonest

Works hard Works harder Works hardest

*For most adverbs that end in –ly or have more than one syllable use the word more to form the comparative and most to form the superlative.

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVEEats healthfully Eats more healthfully Eats most healthfully

Checks often Checks more often Checks most oftenSnores loudly Snores more loudly Snores most loudly

Irregular formsPOSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Swims well Swims better Swims bestDives badly Dives worse Dives worstCares little Cares less Cares least

Sees far Sees farther Sees farthestResearches far Researches further Researches furthest

PRACTICE: Write the comparative and superlative forms of each adverb. Consult a dictionary if necessary. 1. Seriously 2. Quietly3. Near4. Sincerely

5. Late6. Well7. Quick8. Tenderly

9. Badly10. Clumsily

a word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word in a sentence.

• Prepositional phrase is a group of words in a sentence that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or a pronoun called object of the preposition. • EXAMPLE: The diamonds in the vault are priceless.

The telephone rang four times during dinner. Here is a gift for you.

Prepositions P. 118

Commonly used prepositions:*Check your handout and your book! (P. 118-119)

Compound Prepositions:

*Some prepositions can be used as adverbs

according to because of instead of

ahead of by means of next to

along with except for on account of

part from in addition to on top of

aside from in front of out of

as to in spite of owing to

USED AS PREPOSITIONS USED AS ADVERBSI left my boots outside the back door. I left my boots outside.The speech was over my head. The speech was over.Everyone came aboard the boat. Everyone came aboard.

PRACTICE: Underline each preposition and draw a circle around the object of the preposition. (P. 120)1. There is a large group of people playing a baseball game over

that hill.2. Grizzly bears are commonly found in North America.3. It started to rain during the third inning.4. They decided to have their picnic beside the creek.5. Over the river and through the woods was the way to

Grandma’s condominium.6. After the movie, Nicole walked Adriel home. 7. Chicago is the largest city in the Midwest, but it is not the

capital of Illinois.8. Thomas Edison was a collector of birds, owning 5,000 at one

time.9. During the American Revolution, many brides wore red, a sign

of rebellion.10. The first Cadillac was sold for $750.

A word that joins single words or group of words. • Coordinating conjunctions:

Joins single words or groups of words that have equal grammatical weight in a sentence.

EXAMPLE: -One and six are seven. (nouns) -Let’s put it on the TV or on the table. (prepositional phrases) -I wanted a new sun hat, so I bought one. (two complete thoughts)

• Correlative conjunctions: work in pairs to join words and groups of words. Gives us a clearer information than coordinating conjunctions.• EXAMPLE:coordinating conjunctions correlative conjunctionsHe and I were there. Both he and I were there.

Other examples of correlative conjunctions: -I not only scrubbed but also waxed the floor.-Either she will sew new curtains, or I will put up the old blinds.

__________________________________________________________• Subordinating conjunctions: joins an independent clause (complete

sentence) with a dependent clause (incomplete sentence). • EXAMPLE:

-We can skate on the pond when the ice is sticker. -We can’t skate until the ice is ticker.

Interjections P. 125a word or phrase that expresses emotion or exclamation. It has no grammatical connections with other words.

PRACTICE: Identify the interjections.1. Mrs. Howell stopped and cried out, “Oh, my! Those

flowers in the back garden are breathtakingly beautiful.”

2. “Yikes!” said Dena with a shudder as she hopped backwards. “That anaconda is the biggest snake I’ve ever seen outside a book.

3. “I dropped my wallet in the park,” said Frida. “But someone returned it, thank goodness!”

10- P. 12811- P. 12912- P. 129

POSTEST: Identify the parts of speech.

P. 126Write two sentences with each word as two different parts of speech. You will write a total of twenty sentences. Circle the word and identify the part of speech you are using. Example: block

Walk the dog around the block. NOUN Block that play! VERB

1. bowl2. dance3. past4. record5. another6. fly7. frame8. light9. so10. that