English Essay Tips

8/6/2019 English Essay Tips

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BINOMIALS

Binomials are idiomatic expressions in which two words are joined by a"conjunction (usually AND). The order of the words is usually fixedThey are often based on a sound pattern, the words used are near-synonyms.often qrammar words.Let's get the main things packed; wecando the ODDS AND ENDS later.Every relationship needs a bit of GIVE AND TAKE to be successful.Us raining CATS AND DOGS.Tears are PART AND PARCELof growing up.The boss was RANTING AND RAVING at us.The old cottage hasgone to RACK AND RVIN.He is so PRIM AND PROPERat work.The hotel was a bit ROVGH AND READY.She has to WINE AND DINE important clients.You can PICK AND CHOOSE; it's up to you.My English is progressing in LEAPS AND BOVNDS.It's nice to have samePEACEAND QVIET.The doctor recommended sameREST AND RECREATION.FIRST AND FOREMOST. you must work hard.There are cafes HERE AND THERE.We've had meeting ON AND OFF.I've been running BACK AND FORTH all day.TO AND FRO can be used just like BACK AND FORTH.He is unemployed and DOWN AND OUT.She's better now, and OUT AND ABOUT again.She ran VP AND DOWN the street.LAW AND ORDERNOW AND THENHIT AND RVN driver ar accident -CLEAN (NEAT) AND TIDYthrough THICK AND THINSICK AND TIRED -HIGH AND DRY -THE HIGH AND MIGHTY-FACTS AND FIGVRESCOCK AND BVLL STORY -PINS AND NEEDLES -WAIT AND SEE -INS AND OVTS-PROS AND CONSSAFE AND SOVND -SLOWLY AND SVRELYNICE AND EASYBED AND BREAKFASTNOOK AND CORNER -ROUGH AND READY-

SMALL AND VNIMPORT ANT THING SA SPIRIT OF COMPROMISERAINING HEAVILYA CONSTITUENT PART OFSHOUTINGIVERY ANGRYRUINED/DECAYEDRATHERFORMAL AND FUSSY, EASILYSHOCKEDBYANYTHING RUDEPOORSTANDARDENTERTAINHAVE A WIDE CHOICEBIG JVMPS, very quickly and successfullyPEACE/CALMRELAXATIONFIRST/MOST IMPORTANTLYS..f.t'_"UE&ED.AROUNDOCCASIONALLYTO AND FROM SOMEWHEREWITHOUT HOME AND MONEYGOING OUTIN BOTH DIRECTIONS

an accident in which the guilty driver does not stop to help

feeling annoyance. impotience from too much of somethingin o helpless situotion. strandedvery rich and importont people, the rulers of the countryan incredible story(on) o state of anxious expectotionyou will find out soonthe detoils of a difficult situation, a problemcompletely undomoged

(crannies) - little known plocessimple and without comfort (Iiving conditions)

BINOMIALS LINKED BY OTHER WORDS THAN AND:HIT OR MISS/HIT AND MISS- depending on chance, not planned carefullyHe won't help her; she'll have to SINK OR SWIM. SURVIVE ORFAILSOONER OR LATER, you'lIlearn your lesson. SOME TIMEShe didn't want to be just friends; it had to be ALL OR NOTHING.Well, I'm sorry, that's all I canafter you; TAKE IT OR LEAVE IT.It's about the same distance as from here to Dublin, GIVE OR TAKE a few miles.You've got your sweater on BACK TO FRONT. THE WRONGWAYSLOWLY BUT SVRELY, I realized the boat was sinking. GRADUALLY


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BINOMIALS1- Let's get the main things packed. We can do the lessimportant ones later.1- Every relationship needs a spirit of compromise.;r. It' s heavily raining.;r: Tears are a constituent part of growing up.~. The boss was shouting very angri1y.ff. The old cottage was in a ruined condition.7. He is easily shocked by anything rude.8. The hotel was in a poor condition.I- She had to entertain her father' s guests.;er. You have a wide choice..;t.My English is progressing in big jumps.)Il. It' s nice to be so peacefuL~ The doctor recommended some relaxation.)4. There are cages scattered around.lkf Most importantly, you must work hard.16. Occasionally, we meet in this cafe., /y7. I've been running to the classroom and out of it.1,.8.He is unempIoyed and without home and money.-w. She's better now and going out.f6. She ran in both directions of the street..#}:. I am a Iaw-abiding person.22: The guilty driver didn't stop to help.)..0. I want your room to be neat.X I am fed up with your stories.2Ji. Robinson Crusoe was stranded on an island.~ Politics depends on the rulers of the country.27. My foot is numb.28':"1 don' t believe in his story.21." You'lI find out soon who' s guilty..se. 1'11give you all advantages and disadvantages.31. Don't worry. Your car is undamaged.Jd. I searched for it in every corner of my house.:B. Let's discuss the details of the problem.34. This situation depends on chance.25.' She'll have to survive or fail on her own.36. Some time she'll have to find out the truth.')If. There is no bargaining about it.38. Everything went smoothly.~ You've got your sweater the wrong way.40~Gradual1y, she realized the boat was sink\Vl.:l,

r:crvu ORfAND TAKE1-PRIM AND PROPERt. HIt AND MISS4. ODDS AND ENDS~ ROUGH AND READY1WINE AND DINE(/ DOWN AND OUTs: SOONER OR LATERY.CATS AND DOGS}ff: OUT AND ABOUT,:K NOOK AND CORNERl ~CV '1lAJlJ1'. SINK OR SWIMl.J:PICK AND CHOOSE14. SAFE AND SOUND15. HIGHAND DRYlk THE HIGH AND MIGHTY)17. LAW AND ORDER~ CLEAN (NEAT) AND TIDY;14. NICE AND EASY20. ON AND OFF;J1. BERE AND TBERE2.1. BACK AND FORTH t/t\AA~-~~; BACK TO FRONT i24. INS AND OUTSF; HIT AND RUN2-6. SLOWLY BUT SURELY')J{ RACK AND RUIN%. RANTING AND RAVINC.2!J. PROS AND CONS30. PINS AND NEEDLES:r f: UP AND DOWNn: PART AND PARCEL)5. LEAPS AND BOUNDS% SICKANDTIRED ,15. FIRST AND FOREMOST FUO I (~Qvv'?3G-:' COCK AND BULL2fT.. TAKE IT OR LEAVE ITJ8. REST AND RECREATION39. PEACE AND QUIET;tO. WAlT AND SEE

1 4 2 4 3 j 4 32 5 '2'& 6 ?:r 7 :L 8 S 9 6 10 1311 ~3 12 E>5 133J:' 14 21 15 35 16 20 17 '22 18 -:r 19 1o 20 3121 rf 22 '2s: 23 lK' 24 34 25 15 26 16 2730 28 >,c 29 L(n 30 LS31 rlJl 32 11 3324 34 '3 35 12- 36 ~ 37 '};;f- 38 t ') 39 2..3 40 ~C'

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@PREPOSITIONS

Definition: Prepositions are words that show relationshipsin time and space andrelationships between ideas. Many prepositions can be used as adverbs but not all of them.Prepositions is always followed by a noun, a pronoun or agerund.

Types of Prepositions1. Prepositions of Timea) One point of timeon - with days of a week, days of the month (I saw him on Saturday, on 15th ofJune)at - with parts of a day considered as a point (I saw himat noon, at 5 o'clock)in - with a month, with a year, part of a day and season. (I saw him in July, in 1998, in themorning, in autumn) .. " IExamples:

Paula visited Canada in 1980.Paula visited Canada in May. I .....Paula visited Canada on May 18.Paula visited Canada on Wednesday.Paula visited Canada in the morning.Paul came on time.Paul came in time for class.

b) Extended time (duration) - since (starting point), by (not later than), from-to, for,during, within, inc) Sequence of time (events thatfollow one another) - before, afterII. Prepositions of Place - Position and Direction1. Positiona) The point itself - in, inside, on, atAfter the verb arrive, at refers to a place smaller-than acity ar town (He arrived at theairport); in refers to a place larger than a city ar town. (Hearrived in Europe, Croatia).For a city, in is more usual, but at may also be used, especially in reference to travelling(The plane arrived in (or at) Zagreb ari hour late.Examples: She lives in Denver ( a city)

She lives in Colorado ( a state)She lives on Green Avenue (street withouta number)She lives at 265 Green Avenue (street with a number)She lives in Room 260 or Apartment 210.He is in college.He is at the university.The house is on the beach.

c:t.t F(OI.CL ct-1 OL. fOL''-'\."t-plO\. ee, c2.-1 O\.A.-L- o-.r-eCL--(II\..... -FlO


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The house is on the ocean.The house is at the shore.The house is in the mountains.The house is on the river, bay, lake.The house is in the desert. . .The house is on the plains.

b) Higher or lower than a point - over, above, under, underneath, beneath, belowe) Neighbouring the point - near, next to, alongside, beside, between, opposite(~,,:)2. Directionto-from

toward(s)- ~\.Vo....~{roM

ine to)-out of

up-down

around

through

past ( \V-;,,-,> )

as far as (up to)

3. Other relationships -because, fnrthesake of, in spite of, despite, in case of, alongwith, as well as, like, as, according to, with, by (means of), from, except, etc.V,tvPr-ep0$.t't,ons t'Y\6 CoW\bt'V\e.- (}J 11-kn OUVI S +o fol'W\ n.ew U O ce\.. /o.....J.C\ J-c'-) v..Jl'th..- v e r loS ( P V\('Cl..S d ve (' 10.5) - h-"\.q fo(.e u t t ccU-L o vc L e'tcb') \.VI'tlA.. V\OvVl$ - +o loe tVI +ectrSco) Wl'tk..


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ARTICLESArticles are determiners that modify a noun.The general rule is that we ase THE with singular and plural countable andnoncountable nouns, A(AN) is .seet with slagar oountabk nouns

1.~anide1. Back pointing - ex: Jack ~ a TV


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Other uses of the dermite artide1. physical position - the top" tII.e ~2. historical periods of evems - iIrte:R~, iM Fws.t W/W, lBIUl' ViIW tilite ~3. names ofbills - tIM ~ CaBIia4. official titles - die May, 1III.e F~ M1Ws:ter5. law enforceH'lellbt~ - iIt!e aJ:iIililo/, iIle ~ee6. institutions, org am .i7:anios - dI.e UN" tiIle UJWi .o.m.7. politieal parties -*CoesefViaJtii.ves8. with names of parts of the OOdY - tIte shoulder9. names ofinstruments after the verb play - play the guitar10. names ofnewspapers - the New York Times

2. Indefinite Article1. i.a meaning the numeral one - I waited an hour2. i.a. meaning a specjmen in a c1ass- He ate an apple3. i.a. meaning a specimen representing a c1ass- John is a student4. after such, what - Such a beautiful face. What a nice hat!5. after certain adverbs or adjectives - not a, many a, quite a, rather a6. before noun quantifiers - a few, alittle7. with proper names meaning - a certain - A Mr. Smith called you.8. After so or too + adjective + noun - He is too sensible a man to say a thing like that.

3. No article1. In general statements - Milk is good for you2. with many place names3. with names of holidays, BUT The 4. July4. with names of magazines - Life, Vogue,5. with most physical disorders - He has pneumonia and heart trouble, BUT He has aheadache, or He has the flue**Generic versus specific use of the articlesa) with concrete uncountable nounsButter is not healthy. vs Pass the butter, please.b) with abstract nounsI love music and dancing. vs. -The dancing was poor, but she enjoyed the music.c) with plural nouns - Computers are very useful. vs. The computer in my room is a IBM.The tiger is abeautiful animal - whole c1ass- genericThe tiger-lsaw yesterday was seen today. - specificA tigeris'abeautiful animal- any tiger - genericTigers are .beautiful animals - all tigers - generic


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.f ,

...... ? This is the question we need to answer.We should acknowledge from the start that ...The question we need to answer is ...Same people believe/claim that ... However. others maintain/think

..., that .,.'i~i t 5 li; l'd .m t si; 'g t. cC::: I' "., I MuH...

. ;"->

While it's true to sav that .. . I really do think ...Even though some people maintain that ... I nevertheless believethat ...

There's some truth in the view that .... Nevertheless, it doesn't altermy view that ...

lt's hard to deny that ...- To that extent, it's true that ...

.;,.'

GIV ING ADDIT IONAL INFORMATION'c"';i.~~Over the past few decades ...;;'!)~:ifWe have now reached a point where _'\" ;"1; Newspapers are full of stories about .~l!~}t~n some countries ... white in others .

What is more. ,..Moreover ...Furthermore ...Simitarly ...We should also remember that ...It is also worth bearing in mind that ...

Hrstly, it's important to state that ...First, I'd like to present some/the arguments in favour of ...It seems dear that ...It is dear that ...On the one hand ...It is sometimes argued that .One argument in favour of is ...In myviewfopinion ...I f irmly believe that ...

To sum up, Iw ould sav that ...In condusion ...On balance, ...While it's true that ... I firmly believe that ...However. on balance, I believe that ...Even though ... I would still maintain that ...It can be argued that However. the truth of the matter is ...Despite ... I feel that .

However, ...On the other hand ...Some people take the opposite view, and claim/maintain that ...Having said that ...And yet, ...Another argument in favour of (a ban on smoking) is (that) ...


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tSSAY (FOR AND AGAINSn In the first paragraph, give the reader some

idea about the current situation and saywhy ,the subject is important. Make sureyol1 givethe outline of thestructure of your essay tohelp the readerfellow your argument.

lncludepoints in favour otthe topic in thesecond paragraph, even ifvou disagree withthis. Show thatyou disagree with phraseslike While.it is true to SGV ... While the .reasons{or ...are understood ... 1 wilHfdH:with poiritsfqf ,.. to male thiscleart0fthereader .

. . In the third paragraphvgive points aga'instthe topic- rernemberto acknowledge.theopposite.viewand state your opinln. ...,

_e__ -In the final paragraph, restate both points of ;".-'", view before giving your own npiriion on the- subiect. .

....

- ~.-. r z: ---- '-'-- ~ " ';--:" '>. ,-:.-:-:::.::;-:

-etJe~t~~+('~~t!-h O~Ac.. looo~S

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First of all , fi rially, the first point, last but not least, for one thing, for example, such as, in this way, in the caseii;~1t_~&iJllV~l{l_~tiJtr~~_~~EAnd, first (of all), at first , n"'d''''''o 1~~JoShe wrote to the press with the aim of exposing the scandal.I've invited you here with a view toresolving our differences. ,;.He refused to answer on the grounds that his lawyer wasn't here.The purpose ofher visit was to inspect the equipment.He did not work. As a resu Itl as a conseguence/ conseguently, he failed his exams.The result lconseguence of all these changes is that no/one is happy.His remarks resulted in everyone getting angry.The events had an outcome that no-one could have predicted.1.f},!r!(w~liWf.~~OO;1I~tjfi~~~~t:"~j;2i;~f.;.!~~~)~~~~~c~;'j~~f.~(1t;-~~'j;I~@E:~rt@jI(I~:g':~I'~~1,~,.":"r~;jt~~~\~i~J;;j'~i\f:(i'.Although they were poor, they were independent. \0 .r+: I d 'tj0He is a bit stupid. He's very kind, nevertheless.I acknowledge/accept that he has worked, but it is not enough.I admitI was wrong,JruList ill think we were right to doubt her.I concede that you are right about the goal, but not the method.OK, you are sorry. That's all well and good, but how are you going to pay us back?You should/t seem so surprised. After all, I did wam you.It's all very well saying you love dogs, but who'll take it for walk ifwe do get one?He is boring and he is rather cold, but, for all that, he is your uncle.Admittedly, she put a lot of effort in, but it was all wasted.


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But, however, although, despite, in spite of, on the one hand, whereas,I expected Mr Widebody to be fat. The reverse was true.We're not almost there at all. Quite the opposite: We've got five miles to go yet.Everywhere in Europe they use metric measures. In contrast, Britain stil! uses non-metric.It's not actually raining now. On the other hand, it may rain later. (= THAT IS TRUE AND THIS IS TRUE)John quiet? On the contrary, he is the noisiest person. (=THAT IS NOT TRUE, BUT THIS IS TRUE)There is a huge discrepancy/divide/ gap/difference between his ideals and his actions.

Also, not only, but also ...SENTENCE 1 Linking phrase SENTENCE2For this job you need a degree. In addition, You need some experience.

Video cameras are becoming easier to use. FurthermoreMoreover, 1vuit

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English Essay Tips