ENGLISH'TESTknape.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/9/3/12935004/act_english...ENGLISH'TEST 45 Minutes-75 Questions 417 Directions: In the following five passages, certain words and phrases are

Part Four: PractiCe Tests' and Explanations Practice Test Two

ENGLISH'TEST 45 Minutes-75 Questions

417

Directions: In the following five passages, certain words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the right-hand column are alternatives for each underlined portion. Select the one that best conveys the idea, creates the. most grammatically correct sentence, or is the most consistent with the style and tone of the passage. If you decide that the original version is best, select NO CHANGE. You may also find questions .that ask about the entire passage or a section of the passage. These questions will correspond to small numbered boxes in the text. For these questions, d,ecide which choice best accompl~shes the purpose set out in the question stem. After you've selected the best choice, fill in the corresponding oval in your Answer Grid. For some questions, you'll need to read the context in order to answer correctly. Be sure to read until you have enough information to determine the correct answer choice.

You will also find questions about a section of the passage or about the passage as a whole. These questions do not refer to an underlined portion of the pcissage, but rather are identified by a number or numbers in a box. (

-For each question, choose the alternative you consider best and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer document. Read each passage through once ~efore you begin to answer th~ questions that accompany it. For many of the questions, you must read several sentences beyond the question to determine the answer. Be sure that you have read enough ahead each time you choose an alternative.

I

Passage I

DUKE ELLINGTON, A JAZZ GREAT

[1]

By the time Duke Ellington published his

autobiography, Music is My Mistress, in 1973 1

he had traveled to dozens of countries and every 1

continent. "I pay rent in New York City," he

answered when asked of his residence.

[2]

In the 1920s, though, Ellington ~ more 2

than rent in New York; he paid his dues on

the bandstand. Having moved to Harlem from

1. A. NO CHANGE

B. ·1973. He had

C. 1973, it had

D. 1973, he had

2. F. NO CHANGE

G. paid

H. has to pay

J. pay

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418 , Part Four; Practice :rests and Explanations ; Practice Test Jwo

Washington, D.C., in 1923, Ellington ·established: . 3

his own band and achieved critic~l recognition 3

with a pol~she~ sound and appearance. The

first New York review of the Ellingtonians in

1923 ~ommented, "The boys look neat in dress

suits and labor hard but not in vain at their

music." As Ellington made a name for himself

as a leader arranger and pianist, his Harlem . 4 (

Renaissance compositions and recordings high-

lighted two enduring characteristics of the man.

First, Ellington lived for jazz. Second, Harlem

sustained it, physically and spiritually. 5

[3]

· Ellington himself admitted he was not a

very good pianist. As a teenager in Washington. 6

Be missed more piano lessons then he took 7

with his teacher, Mrs. Clinkscales, and spent

more tirrie going to dances than practicing the

the piano. Mrs. Clinkscales was really the 8 .

name of his piano teacher! In the clubs, 8

3. A. ~No CHANGE

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

B. established the following: his own

C. establishe~ his own

D: took the time and effort to establish his own

F. NO CHANGE

G. leader arranger, and pia'nist,

H. leader, arranger, and pianist

J. leader, arranger, and pianist,

A. NO CHANGE

B. him,

c. them,

D. itself,

F. NO CHANGE

G. good pianistas a teenager

H. good pianist, a teenager

J. ,good pianist, as a teenager

A. NO CHANGE

B. lessons then he had taken

(c. lessons; he took

D. lessons than he took

F. NO CHANGE

G. That was really the name of his piano teacher: Mrs. Clinkscales!

H. Mrs. Clinkscales was really the name of his pian<? teacher.

J. OMIT the underlined portion.

I GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE >

.

ther~fore, Ellington and his friends eventually 9. 9

caught word of New York and the opportunities

• that awaited and were there for young musicians. 10.

10

Ellington wrote, "Harlem, to our minds, did

indeed have the world's most glamorous

atmosphere. We had to go there." He left 11. 11

Washington with drummer Sonn:r Greer. 11

Before they could even unpack'in Harlem,

though, they found themselves penniless.

Not until Ellington was lucky enough to find

fifteen dollars on the street could he return

--to Washington and recollect himself.

[4]

Ellington eventually did return to Harlem,

and he achieved great success as the bandleader

at the Cotton Club from 1927 to 1932. Located

in the heart of Harlem at 142nd Street and Lenox

Avenue, he Ela:red at the Cotton Club, which was 12. 12

frequented by top entertainers and rich patrons. 12

Harlem's nig~tlife, "cut out of a very luxurious,

royal-blue bolt of velvet," was an inspirational

backdrop, and Ellington composed, arranged,

and recorded prolifically to the rave of excited

critical acclaim. "Black and Tan Fantasy," "Hot

and Bothered," and "Rockin' in Rhythm" were

Pa.rt Four: Practice Tests and Explanations Practice Test Two 419

A. NO CHANGE

B. however

c. despite

D . then

F. NO CHANGE

G. awaiting and being there for

H. that awaited

J. that were there for

A. NO CHANGE

B. With drummer Sonny Greer, it was

Washington that he left.

c. Leaving Washington, he, Ellington,

left with drummer Sonny Greer.

D. OMIT the underlined portion.

F. NO CHANGE

G. he played at the Cotton Club, a club

that was frequented

H. the Cotton Club, which was

frequented

J. the Cotton Club was frequented


420 Part'Fpur:'Pra·ctice Tests and, EXplanations Practice Test Two

Ellington's early hits during this period. [li] They

exhibited Jiis unique ability to compose music

. '

that animated both dancers in search of a good

time and improvising musicians in search of

good music. Before long, the once fumbling

pianist from Washington, D.C., became the

undisputed leader of hot jazz in decadent

Harlem. ill]

13.. The purpose o( including ·the nam~s of Ellington's songs is to:

A. provide some details about Elling- -.ton's early music.

B. contradict 'an earlier point that Ellington did not create his own music.

C. illustrate the complexity of Ellington's music.

D. discuss the atmosphere at the Cotton Club.

14. The purpose of paragraph 4, as it relates I

'

to the previous paragraphs, is primarily to:

F. demonstrate 'how'accomplished Ellington had become.

G. suggest that Elli~gton did not like living in New York.

H. remind us how difficult it is to be a musician.

J. make us skeptical of Ellington's abilities.

Question 15 asks about the preceding passa~e as a whole.

15. The writer wishes to insert the following· detail inta the essay:

The combination of fun and seriousness in his niusic led to critical acdaim and wide mass appeal.

The sentence would most logically be inserted into paragraph:

A. 1, after the last sentence.

B. 3, before the first sentence.

C. 4, after the first sentence.

D. 4, before the last sentence'.


Passage II·

COLQRING AS SELF-DEFENSE IN ANIMALS

Part Four: PraCtice Tests and· Explanations Pradlce Test Two 421

The following paragraphs may or may not' be in the most logical order. Each paragraph is numbered in brackets, and question 29 will ask you to choose the appropriate order.

(1]

Some animals change its coloring with the 16. F. NO CHANGE 16 G. their

seasons. The ptarmigan sheds its brown plumage H. it's

J. there

. in winter, replacing it with white feathers. The 17. A. NO CHANGE 17 B. wint~r and replacing

c. winter: replacing

D. winter replacing

stoat, a member of the weasel family is known 18. F. NO CHANGE 18 G. weasel family known

as the ermine in winter because its brown fur H. weasel family, which is known

changes to white. The chameleon is perhaps the J, weasel family, is known

most versatile of all animals having changed 19. A. NO CHANGE 19 B. who changes

their protective coloration. The chameleon c. that change

changes its color in just a few minutes to D. that changed

whatever surface it happens to be sitting on.

[2]

While animals like the chameleon use their 20. F. NO CHANGE 20

G. their use coloring coloring as a way of hiding from predators,

20 H. use coloring their

the skunk uses its distinctive white stripe as a J, coloring their use

way of standing out from its surroundings. Far

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Part Four:Practice Tests ,and Expla,nations Practice Test Two

from placing it in ganger; the skunk's visibility 21

. actually protects it._By .distinguishing itself from

other animals. The skunk warns its predators ... 22

.... _

to avoid its infamous stink. Think about it:,

the question is would your appetite be whetted 23

by the skunk's odor? 23

[3]

Researchers have been investigating how 24

~nimal species have come to use coloring as a

means of protecting themselves. One study has

shown that certain animals have glands that

release special hormones, resulting in the change

of skin or fur color. Therefore, not all the animals '25

that camquflage themselves have these glands.

The topic remains and endures as one of the 26

many myst~ries of the natural world.

[4]

Animals have a variety of ways of protecting

themselves from enemies. Some animals adapt

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

A. NO CHANGE

B . dahger; the' skunk's

c . da~ger; the skunks'

D .. danger, it is the skunk's

F. NO CHANGE

G. animals, therefore, the

H. animals because

J. animals, the

A. NO CHANGE

B. would· your appetite be whetted by the skunk's odor?

c. the question is as follows, would your appetite be whetted by the skunk's odor?

D. the question is would your appetite be whetted by the odor of the skunk?

F. NO CHANGE

G. investigated

H: were investigating

J. investigate

A. NO CHANGE

B. Nevertheless,

c. However,

D. Finally,

F. NO CHANGE

G. remaining and enduring as

H remains and endures

J. remains


in shape and color to their environme.nt. The

tree frdg, for example, blends perfectly in:to its

surroundings. When it sits motionless, a back-' ----v--ground of leaves completely hides the tree frog.

27

This camouflage enables the tree frog to hide from 28

other animals that would be interested in eating 28

the treerfrog. 28

Part Four: Practice Tests and Explanations Pr~ctice Test Two

27. A. NO CHANGE

423.

B. the tree frog is completely hidden in a·background of leaves.

C. completely hidden is the tree frog in a background of leaves.

D. a background of leaves and the tree frog are completely hidden.

28. F. NO CHANGE

G. This camouflage enables the tree frog to hide from predators.

H. This camouflage enables the tree frog to hide from other animals interested in eating the tree frog.


Questions 29-30 ask about the preceding passage as a whole.

29. What would be the most logical order of paragraphs for this essay?

A. 3, 1, 4, 2

B. 1, 2, 4, 3

c. 4, 1, 2, 3

D. 2, 1, 3, 4

30. Suppose the author had been asked to write an essay on how animals use their colorings to protect themselves in the wild. Would this ·essay meet the require-ment? r

F. Yes, because the author covers several aspects of how animals use their colorings to protect themselves.

G. Yes, because the author thoroughly investigates how one '.animal protects itself with its colorings.

H. No, because the author does qot consider animals that exist in the wild.

J. No, because the author does not include information from research studies.


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424 Part Four:, Practice Tests and Explanations Pradice Test .Two

Passage Ill

THE HISTORY OF CHOCOLATE

The word chocolate ~s used to describe a variety

·of foods made from the beans of the cacao tree. 31

The first people known· to have made chocolate

were the Aztecs, a people who used cacao seeds 32

to make a bitter but tasty drink. However, it

was not until Hernan Cortez's exploration of

Mexico in 1519. That Europeans first learned 33

of chocolate.

<;:ortez came to the New World in search of

gold, but his interest was also fired by the Aztecs'

strange drink: When Cortez returned to Spain,

his ship's cargo i11cluded and held three chests of . 34

cacao beans. It was from"these beans that Europe

exp~rienced its first taste of what seemed to be a 35

very unusual beverage. The drink soon became

popular among those people wealthy enough to

afford it. Over the1 next century cafes specializing 36

3l. A. NO CHANGE

B. foods, which are made

c. foods apd made

D. foods and arc:

32. F. NO CHANGE

G. Aztecs, and they used

H. Aztecs a people that use

J . Aztecs, who used

33 . A. NO CHANGE

B. 1519 that

c. 1519, that

D. 1519:

34. F. NO CHANGE

G. included, held

H. included

J. including and holding

35. A. NO CHANGE

B. seems to be

c. seemingly is

D . seemed being

36. F. NO CHANGE

G. Over the next century cafes specialize

H. Over the next century, cafes specializing

J. Over the next century, there were cafes specializing

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:

in chocolate drinks began to appear throughout

Europe. IE]

Of course, chocolate is very popular today.

People all over the world enjoy chocolate bars 38

chocolate sprinkles and even chocolate soda. 38 ' .

In fact, Asia has cultivated the delicacy of 39 -chocolate-covered ants! People enjoy this food

as a snack at the movies or sporting events. The

chocolate ant phenomenon has yet to take over

America, but enjoy their chocolate Americans do 40 .

nonetheless.

Many chocolate lovers around the world

were ecstatic to hear that chocolate may actually

be good for you. Researchers say: chocolate 41

contains a chemical that could prevent cancer 41

and heart disease. New research measures the

amount of catechins, the chemical thought to

Part Four: Practice Tests and Explanations Practice Test Two 42S

3 7. The author is considering the addition of another sentence her~ that briefly

I

describes one of the first European cafes to serve a chocolate drink. This addition would:

A. weaken the author's argument.

B. provide some interesting details.

C. contradict the topic of the parag1;aph.

D. highlight the author's opinion of chocolate.

38. F. NO CHANGE

39.

G. chocolate, bars, chocolate, sprinkles, and even chocolat~ soda.

H. chocolate bars chocolate. sprinkleseven chocolate soda.

J. chocolate bars, chocolate spdnkles, and even chocolate soda.

A. NO CHANGE

B. Unfortunately

c. In spite of this

D. The truth is

40. F. NO CHANGE

G. but Americans enjoy their chocolate

H. but enjoy their chocolate is what Americans do

J. but Americans do enjoy their chocolate

41. A. NO CHANGE

B. have said the following: chocolate contains

C. sa}'.that chocolate contains

D. say: chocolate contained


··.

.. . .

·.

' '

426 Part Four: Pra.ctlce Tests and Explanations Practice·Test Two

be behind the benefits, in different types of

chocolate.

. The substance is also found in tea. The 42

studies show that ~hocolate is very high in

·'

catechins. The research is likely to be welcomed

by those with a sweet tooth, although dentists 43

may less be pleased. 44

42.

43.

44.

45.

F. NO CHANGE

G. Another place where the substance is_found is tea.

H. Also,_tea contains the substance.

J. OMIT the underlined portion,

A. NO CHANGE

B. with them

c. by us

D. to those

F. NO.CHANGE

G. pleased less they will be.

H. may be pleased less; I •

J. may be less pleased.

Questioa 45 asks about the pre~eding. ·passage as a whole.

Suppose the author had been given the assignment of writing about culinary trends in history, Would this essay satisfy the requ~rement?

A. Yes, because the essay discusses many culinary trends in history.

) B. Yes, because th~ essay shows how

chocolate has been used over time.

C. ·No, because the ess'ay focuses too much on chocolate in present times.

D. No, because the essay only covers chocolate .


Passa~e .IV,

THE MILITARY UNIFORM OF THE FUTURE

[1]

Scientists, in ·programs administers by the United 46

States Army, are experimenting to develop the I

military uniform of the future. As imagined, it \

would be light as silk, bulletproof, and able to 47

rapid~r change at the molecular level to adapt to

biological or chemical threats. In response to a

detected anthrax threat; for example, it would

become. an impermeable shield. The pant leg of a

soldier who's leg had been broken would have been 48 49

able to morph into a splint; or, even form an ·50

artificial muscle. Nanosensors W':mld transmit

vital signs back to a medical team or monitor

the breath for increased nitric oxide, a sign of

stress.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

Prart Four: Practice Tests and Explanations Practice Test Two

F. NO CHANGE

G. administering by

H. administered by

J. administers with

A. NO CHANGE

B. would: be light as silk, bulletproof, and able to

c. would be light as silk bulletproof and able to

·D. light as silk, bulletproof, and was able to

F. NO CHANGE

G. soldier whose

H. soldier, who's

J. soldier that's

A. NO CHANGE

B. would be

c. will have been

D. is

F. NO CHANGE

G. splint or even form

H. splint, or even, form

J. splint or, even, form


.. (

428 Part Fbur:·Practlce Tests and Explanations Praeticetf!~t Two

[2] ~

I . .

The especially-promising Invisible Soldier

program aims_ to make the long-held dream of

human invisibility a reality by using technology. 51

To create ia covering capable of concealing a 51 52

1 soldier and making him invisible from most

52

wavelengths of visible light. ~ ~

. ,

I ,

51. A. NO CHANGE

B. technology to create

c. technology, which w~re creating

D. technology; CJ;"eate

' 52. F. NO CHANGE

G. making a soldier invisible and conc'ealing him .

H. concealing a soldier making that soldier invisible

J. concealing a soldier

53. The writer's description of the U.S. Army's Invisible Soldier program seems to indicate that the army's opinion of the program is:

A. skeptical.

B. curious.

-'-C. enthusiastic.

D. detailed. . .

54. What is the purpose of this paragraph, as it relat~s to the rest of the essay?

F. To highlight one of the successes of the scientists' programs

G. To predict the future of U.S. \

military uniforms

!f. To outline what will follow in the essay

J. To introduce a specific example of the uniform of the future


,-

I

[3]

A solution proposed in the early stages near 55

the beginning of the program's development 55

would construct a suit or cape from fabric linked

to sensors that can detect the coloring and

pattern of the background. The sensors would

then send v~rying intensities of electrical current

to the appropriate areas of the fabric, they would 56

be impregnate-d with chemicals sensitive to

electricity. The coveralls would change colors

continually as the soldier moyed.

[4] I

The problem with this solution from a

military standpoint, yo~ know, is power: the 57 58 !

fact that the suit would require a continuous 58

flow-of electrieitymeans that a soldier would

have to carry a large number of batteries, which

would hardly contribute to ease of movement

and camouflage.

. [5]

[1] To address this problem, army researchers

have developed a new kind of color-changing

pixel, known as the intererometric modulator or

i-mod. (2] The researchers hope that a flexible

suit made of i-mod pixels could completely blend

into any background. [3] In addition to matching

a background, the pixels could also be set to

show other colors, for example, a camouflage

mode that would render a soldier effectively

55.

Part Four: Practice Tests and Explanations Practice Test Two

A. NO CHANGE

429

B. beginning and the early stages of

c. early stages of

D. OMIT th,e underlined portion.

56. F. NO CHANGE

G. that

H. it

J. which

57. A. NO CHANGE

B. is, like,

c. however, is

D. therefore, is

58. F. NO CHANGE

G. power; the fact that the suit

H. power the fact that the suit

J. power the fact that, the suit

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430 Part: Four: Practice Tests-and 'Explanations Practice Test Two

invisible. in the forest) and a flash mode that I .

would enhance ;t so!{.!ier's visibility in a rescue ·

situation. [4) Changing ·the distance between the

mirrors changes the color of the light that they

reflect. [5] Each i~mod pixel is' made up of a pair

of tiny mirrors. ~

. \.

59. Which of the following sequences would · make padgraph 5 most logical?

A. 2, 4, 5, 3, 1

B. 2, 3, 1, 5, 4

c. 1, 4, 5, ~· 3

D. 1, 5, 4, 2, 3

Question 60 asks about the preceding passage as a whole.

60. The writer wishes to lnsert the following material into the passage:

When H.G. Wells wrote The Invisible Man, . there was no i!lterest iri camouflaging soldiers; the British army was garbed iri. bright red uniforms. Since thattime; governments have learned the value of making soldiers difficult to see, first by using camouflage fabrics, and today by envisioning something even more effective that would change color to match the terrain.

The new mater~al would most logically be placed in. paragraph;

F. 2.

G. 3.

H. 4.

J. 5.


• '

Passage V

CALIFORNIA: A STATE BUILT ON DREAMS

It lasted fewer than ten years, but when it was

over, the United States had been radically and

forever changed. The population had exploded

on the West Coast of the country, fortunes 61

had been made and thpse same fortunes were 61

lost, and a new state had entered the union-61 .

a state that would become a state of mind for

all\Americans: California. 62

The United States acquiring the territory 63

that would later become 9alifornia during the

Mexican War (1846-1848). One of the many

settlers who traveled to the new territory was '

John Sutter who was a shopkeeper from Switzer-64

land who had left behind his wife, his children,

and his debts, in search of a new life. Hired he 65

did a carpenter' named James Marshall to build 65

a sawmill for him on the American River in the

foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains.

61.

62.

63.

64.

65.

• J

Part Four: Practice Tests an_d;Explanations Practice Test Two 1 - 431-

A. NO CHANGE

B. fortunes had been made and lost,

c. fortunes, which had been made, were then lost,

D. made and lost were fortunes,

F. , NO CHANGE

G. Ameri~ans, and that place was called 'california.

H. Americans, California.

J. Americans. California.

A. NO CHANGE

B. has acquired

c. is acquiring

D. acquired

F . . NO CHANGE

G. John Sutter, a shopkeeper

.H. John Sutter; a shopkeeper

J. John Sutter, who was a shopkeeper

A. NO CHANGE

B. He hired

c. Hiring

D. He did hire


6

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432 Part Four: Practice Tests and Explanations Practice Test Two

On January -24, 1848, while inspecting the 66

mill's runoff into th~ river, Marshall saw two 66

shiny objects below the surface of the water. He

took the nuggets to Sutter, who was annoyed '

by the discovery; Sutter didn't want them mill 67

workers distracted by gold fever. Keeping the 68

discovery quiet for a while, but then he couldn't 68

· resist bragging about it. Word got out, and

workers began quitting their jobs and heading

into the hills to look for the source of the gold

that had washed down the river.

~ Thousands of people pol).red into

California in search of fortune and glory. This is 70

similar to recent stock market increases. During 70

the two years after Marshall's discovery, more

than 90,000 people made their way to California,

looking for gold. In fact, so m~ny people moved

'

I

66 . . F. NO CHANGE

67:

G. (he was inspecting the mill's runoff ) ' . .

into the river)

H. inspecting the mill's runoff into the river ali the 'while

J. OMIT the underlined portion .

A. NO CHANGE

B. this·

c. his

D. there

68. F. NO CHANGE

G. The discov!;!ty he was keeping

H. /He kept the discovery

f. Keeps he the discovery

69. Which of the :following would provide the best transition here, guiding the reader from the topic of the previous paragraph to the new topic of thi~ paragraph?

70.

A. Sutter and Marshall did not make a profit . .

B. The gold rush had officially begun.

C. Can you image how a small discovery led to such a large state?

D. Most of the "gold" turned out to be a hoax.

F. NO CHANGE

G. The rush for gold was si,milar to recent stock market increases.

H. This was similar to recent stock market increases.



West in just singularly ~e of those years, 1849, 71

that all the prospectors, regardless of when they

arrived, became known as Forty-niners. By 1850,

so many people had moved to the California

territory that the United States Congress was

forced to declare it a new state. In 1854, the

populationhad increased by another 300,000

people. In fact, 1 out of every 90 people then 72

living in the United States was living in

California.

Eveq after all of the gold had been taken

from the ground, California remaip.ed a magical

place in the American imagination. The 31st

state had become a place that lives could change, 73

fortunes could be rnade, and dreams could come

true. For many people, and California is still 74

such a place.

Part Four: Practice Tests and Explanations Practice. Test Two 433

7L A. NO CHANGE

B. one

c. one and only one

D. singtllar

72. F. NO CHANGE

G. In spite_ of this,

H. Believe it or not,

J. Therefore,

73. A. NQCHANGE

B. where

c. through which

D. in

74. F. NO CHANGE

G. Forty-niners, California

H. people and California

J. people, California

I


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\ 434 J Part' Four: PractiCe Tests and Explanations PraCtice Tes'nw~

' . Question 75 asks about the preceding passage a~ a whole.

75. .Sqppose the writer had lree'n assigned to ,w~ite a brief essay detailing the life of a Forty-niner during the California gold rush. Would this essay successfully fulfill the assignment?

A; Yes, because the essay tells ab0ut the lives of John Sutter and James Marshall.

B. No, becal1se the essay covers a historical rather than biographical perspective· of the gold rush.

c. Yes, because one can imagine the life of a Forty-niner from the details .. provided in the essay .

D. No, because the essay does not discuss Forty-niners.

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON ~ THIS SECTION ONLY. DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST. ~

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ENGLISH'TESTknape.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/9/3/12935004/act_english...ENGLISH'TEST 45 Minutes-75 Questions 417 Directions: In the following five passages, certain words and phrases are