English colonization

King Philip II of Spain

Ruler of Spain and chief rival of Queen Elizabeth I of England.

He hoped to spread Catholicism throughout the New World and prevent England, a Protestant nation, from establishing colonies there.

Briefly was King of England as the husband of Mary I. Proposed to Elizabeth I of England.

Queen Elizabeth I of England

She is the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn and Protestant ruler of England.

She hoped to decrease Spain’s power by establishing English colonies in North America.

Sir Walter Raleigh

He is anxious to colonize land in the New World and was granted a patent or charter on March 25, 1584 by Queen Elizabeth I of England.

Raleigh’s expeditions

Rather than sending a colony to settle in the New World right away, the first voyage was to explore and find a suitable place for a colony.

Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe were chosen by Raleigh to captain the ships.

John White, the artist sailed with the expedition and brought back many drawings of native life.

Raleigh’s expedition

The first contact with the natives was friendly. The English stayed for about six weeks. On the return trip, they brought with them

some of the local crops, maps, drawings and two of the local natives – Wanchese and Manteo.

Grenville Expedition

Sir Richard Grenville took 108 men to Roanoke Island to try to establish a colony under Sir Walter Raleigh’s charter.

Governor Ralph Lane was the leader of the colony and under his leadership Fort Raleigh was built.

The colony was plagued by rivalries, preoccupation with gold and an inability to find food. Sudden storms kept them from receiving supplies. They had angered the local Indians and killed several of their leaders.

Grenville’s Expedition

They finally give up and sailed for England with Sir Francis Drake.

When Grenville returns with supplies and reinforcements several weeks later, he found Roanoke deserted. He left 15 men at Fort Raleigh.

They were never heard from again.

John White Colony

In the spring of 1587, another colony was planned.

This colony included women and children.

They were supposed to settle in the Chesapeake Bay are but their pilot dropped them off at Roanoke.

John White’s granddaughter, Virginia Dare was the first English child to be born in America. Three days after her baptism, John White sailed back to England for supplies

Spanish Armada

When John White returns to England, Spain and England are at war.

The Spanish Armada is attacking England and every available ship is needed to fight.

John White will not be able to return to Roanoke with supplies for three years.

John White’s Return to Roanoke

John White returns to Roanoke in 1590.

He found the letters CRO on a tree and CROATOAN on a post of the fort.

White assumes that the colony migrated to Croatoan Island south of Hatteras. This is the home of Manteo.

Because of bad weather , loss of cables and anchors and fear of the sailors, White was not able to go in search of his friends and family.

Jamestown

Founded by the Virginia Company of London, a joint-stock company.

They were given a charter by King James

They purchased three ships and hired captains.

Jamestown was founded May 14, 1607.

John Smith

John Smith took over the leadership of the colony.

Because of his leadership, the colony survived hard times.

Smith’s law was “He that does not work, neither shall he eat.”

Problems Jamestown encountered

Settlers did not want to work hard to grow crops because of looking for gold

They arrived too late to grow crops Disease They did not know how to grow their own

goods and they antagonized the Indians.

True story of Pocahontas

She was princess of the Powhatan tribe.

She is held prisoner by the English.

She marries a settler, John Rolfe.

She goes to England with him and dies on the return trip.

Significance of Jamestown

First successful English settlement in America Cultivation of tobacco Introduction of first black slaves in the 13 English

colonies Establishment of the House of Burgesses which was

the first representative assembly in the American colonies

First step to introducing the idea of establishing an identity as an independent people (Americans)