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ENGINEERING OPTIMIZATION IV
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING OPTIMIZATION(ENGOPT 2014), LISBON, PORTUGAL, 8–11 SEPTEMBER 2014
Engineering Optimization IV
Editors
H.C. RodriguesLAETA, IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
J. HerskovitsCOPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
C.M. Mota Soares, J.M. Guedes, A.L. Araújo & J.O. FolgadoLAETA, IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
F. Moleiro & J.F.A. MadeiraLAETA, IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugaland ISEL – Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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CRC Press/Balkema is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK
Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India
All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written priorpermission from the publishers.
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ISBN: 978-1-138-02725-1 (Hbk)ISBN: 978-1-315-73210-7 (eBook)
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Engineering Optimization IV – Rodrigues et al. (Eds)© 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-02725-1
Table of contents
Preface XVOrganizers XVII
Numerical optimization techniques
A comparative study between wavelet-adaptive multiple shooting and single shootingimplemented in a MATLAB-EMSO environment 3L.S. Santos, A.R. Secchi & E.C. Biscaia Jr.
Results comparison between SIMP and SERA for compliant mechanisms design 9C. Alonso, R. Ansola, E. Veguería & O.M. Querin
Application of derivative-free multi-objective algorithms to reliability-based robust designoptimization of a high-speed catamaran in real ocean environment 15R. Pellegrini, E.F. Campana, M. Diez, A. Serani, F. Rinaldi, G. Fasano, U. Iemma, G. Liuzzi,S. Lucidi & F. Stern
Multi-Objective Optimization (MDO) and differential geometry controlled Paretofront solution spacing 21C. Bakker & G.T. Parks
Solving dual hesitant fuzzy assignment problem with restrictions using similarity measure 27P. Singh
Structural optimization of frame structures by integer programming with designcode failure constrains 33A. Kuckoski & J.S.O. Fonseca
A study on multidisciplinary design optimization method for UUV 39M.Y. Wang, Z.F. Wei, Q. Yu & S.L. Yang
The comprehensive optimization analysis of mechanical properties of the monohull ship 45S.L. Yang, Q. Yu & Y. Chen
Comprehensive optimization of the performance for USV and its methods 51S. Zhang, S.L. Yang, G.Y. Zhang & Y.Y. Wen
Real-time optimization by indirect NMPC methods 57C. Schwarz, R. Callies & A. Szabo
Interval partitioning methods for mixed integer nonlinear problems 63B. Ergünes, L. Özdamar, N. Gülcan & O. Demir
Multi-stage stochastic distribution model 69L.T. Guardia & T.G. de Torres
A novel hybrid method for optimal control problems and its application to trajectoryoptimization in micro manufacturing 75E. Bauma & T. Schuster
A one-step discrete adjoint-based approach for combined design optimizationand a posteriori error estimation 81J. Miranda, S. Abraham, K. Elsayed & C. Lacor
Application of cellular automaton to combinatorial optimization problems 87K. Ishihashi, H. Furuta, Y. Nomura, K. Nakatsu & K. Takahashi
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A surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithm for dynamic structural identification 93P. Gambarelli & L. Vincenzi
MOGASI: A multi-objective genetic algorithm for efficiently handling constraintsand diversified decision variables 99S. Costanzo, L. Castelli & A. Turco
A metric to assist the selection of the particle swarm optimization parameters 105C.A. da Silva Jr., W.B. Saba, N.M. Abe & A. Passaro
Structural design optimization of lightweight structures considering material selection and sizing 111M. Schatz, E.J. Wehrle & H. Baier
Application of the flower pollination algorithm in nonlinear algebraic systemswith multiple solutions 117G.M. Platt
Schemes in setting position and radius of RBF in convolute RBF for surrogate optimization 123M. Arakawa & S. Kitayama
Investigation of energy dissipation over stepped spillways using a hybrid FV-ANN technique 129A. Dolatshah, H. Imani Khoshkho & M. Mashal
Robust optimization of shunt circuits for the passive control of composite structures 135B.G.G.L. Zambolini-Vicente, V.A.C. Silva & A.M.G. de Lima
Recent advances in the solution of large nonlinear optimisation problems with WORHP 141T. Linke, D.L. Wassel & C. Büskens
An improved methodology for airfoil shape optimization using surrogate based designoptimization 147D. Rajaram & R.S. Pant
A new draft of resolution to the p-median problem 153J. Fernandes dos Santos & C. dos Santos Machado
Optimization of the ready-mixed concrete delivery system using transportation algorithm 159G. Albayrak & U. Albayrak
Design optimization and inverse problems
PARETO and NASH fronts as the limit case of the isoperimetric inequality in multiobjectiveoptimization theory 165V.V. Kobelev
Design of material anisotropy constitutive matrices for structural stiffness and strength optimization 169P. Pedersen & N.L. Pedersen
A genetic algorithm for optimization of spatial trusses considering self-weight loads 175A.C.C. Lemonge, P.H. Hallak, L.G. Fonseca & H.J.C. Barbosa
Existence and uniqueness of the regularized solution in the problem of recovery of thenon-steady emission rate of a point source: Application of the adjoint method 181D. Parra-Guevara, Y.N. Skiba & A. Reyes-Romero
Shape optimization of interior permanent magnet motor for torque ripple reduction 187E. Kuci, P. Duysinx, C. Geuzaine & P. Dular
Structural identification of two dimensional shear buildings using a modifiedadaptive harmony search algorithm 193M.M. Jahjouh & U. Nackenhorst
Practical interest of “anti-optimal” solutions in optimal structural design 199T. Messager & M. Pyrz
Optimization of an unitary split system air conditioner with variable refrigerant flow 205F.O.B. Brochier, M.L.S. Indrusiak & P.R. Wander
On the use of min-max algorithms in receding horizon control laws for harbor defense 211S. Lee, E. Polak & J. Walrand
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On optimization of internal/external spur gears tooth bending strength 217N.L. Pedersen
Application of Generalized Extremal Optimization (GEO) technique to design the orbittransfer solar sail control system 219I. Mainenti-Lopes, L.C.G. Souza & F.L. De Sousa
Comparison between unrestricted dynamic shakedown design and a new probabilisticapproach for structures under seismic loadings 225L. Palizzolo, S. Benfratello & P. Tabbuso
Optimization and investigation of the dynamical-optical behavior of mirror systems 231J. Störkle, N. Wengert & P. Eberhard
Numerical direct evolutionary identification of constitutive semi-crystalline polymermodel parameters 237H. Abdul-Hameed, T. Messager, F. Zaïri & M. Naït-Abdelaziz
Design of after-market wind turbine blade add-ons for noise reduction 245S.S. Rodrigues & A.C. Marta
Optimal design of curved folded plates by optimality criteria method 251B. Balogh & J. Lógó
Recovering the functional form of nonlinear heat transfer by means of thermal imaging 257G. Inglese
Multidisciplinary performance based optimization of aircraft 261F. Afonso, J. Vale, F. Lau & A. Suleman
Stochastic optimization in aircraft design 267L. Amândio, A. Marta, F. Afonso, J. Vale & A. Suleman
Performance optimization of complex continuous mining system using stochastic simulation 273M.S. Shishvan & J. Benndorf
Parameterization formulations for aerofoil shape optimization 279D.A. Vicente, P.V. Gamboa & M.A.R. Silvestre
2-D shape optimization of aerostat envelopes using Kriging 285S.N. Paul, D. Patil & R.S. Pant
Design optimization of the centrifugal clutch of the M3165 four-stroke internal combustion engine 291P. de F.V. Carvalheira
Optimization of a car radiator fin thickness 297P. Wais
Simulation of polymeric membrane in Aspen Plus for CO2 post-combustion capture 303A. Pascu, A. Badea, C. Dinca & L. Stoica
Hybrid optimization algorithm applied on multistage axial compressor performancecalculations with variable geometry 309O.F.R. Silva, J.T. Tomita, C. Bringhenti & D.F. Cavalca
On the optimization of a piezoelectric speaker for hearing aid application throughmulti-physical FE models 317G.C. Martins, P.R. Nunes & J.A. Cordioli
Topology optimization for improving the performance of solar cells 323D.K. Gupta, M. Langelaar, F. van Keulen & M. Barink
Information-maximizing adaptive design of experiments for wind tunnel testing 329H.-L. Choi, J. Ahn & D.-H. Cho
A graphic Java interface for the calculation of double azeotropes by the inversion offunctions from the plane to the plane 335G.B. Libotte, G.M. Platt & A. de L. Guedes
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Optimisation of hierarchical structures for compression bearing applications 341D. Rayneau-Kirkhope, Y. Mao & R.S. Farr
Shape optimization for homogenized phononic materials and band gap structures 347E. Rohan, J. Vondrejc & J. Heczko
Robust reliability-based aerodynamic shape optimization 353D.I. Papadimitriou & C. Papadimitriou
Weight minimization of truss structures subjected to dynamic loading 359M.M. Hedaya, A. Elsabbagh & A.M. Hussein
Inversion of functions from the plane to the plane to solve nonlinear algebraic systems:Calculating of double azeotrope using the modified Raoult’s Law in the mixturebenzene+ hexafluorobenzene 365A.L. Guedes, G.M. Platt & F.D.M. Neto
Experimental studies of a variable water volume chiller system for energy conservation 371Y.F. Wang & Q. Chen
The topology optimization of electronic parts mounted on micro satellite 379H. Nakamura & T. Miyashita
Determination of peel strength based on composition of adhesives for the footwearindustry using genetic algorithm 385R.M. Paiva, C.C. António & L.M. Silva
Performance based MDO of a regional transport aircraft with a joined wing configuration 391J. Vale, F. Afonso, F. Lau & A. Suleman
A polynomial algorithm for a special case of the one-machine scheduling problem withtime-lags 397H. Ramalhinho
Optimization of multimodal shunt circuits for the passive control of composite structures 403V.A.C. Silva, B.G.G.L. Zambolini-Vicente & A.M.G. de Lima
Optimal pitching axis of flapping-wings for hovering flight 409Q. Wang, J.F.L. Goosen & F. van Keulen
Modeling and parameter estimation of a biogas plant using maize silage in a two step model 415J.A. Arzate, M.N. Cruz Bournazou, M. Kirstein, P. Neubauer, S. Junne & B. Habermann
Heat exchanger design optimization taking into account uncertainties of different correlations 421J. Lambert & L. Gosselin
Tuning parameters using bio-inspired multiobjective optimization algorithm fortopology optimization based on bacterial chemotaxis 427J.X. Leon & M.A. Guzman
Optimization of microstructures using statistical and physical descriptors within acellular automaton framework 433A. Emami, T. Wu & A. Tovar
Optimization of a material with a negative stiffness provided by an inherent bistable element 439J. Heczko, Z. Dimitrovová & H.C. Rodrigues
Application of relaxation matrix logic-structural in the allocation optimization ofdevices in power systems distribution 445M.M. Santos, A.R. Abaide, M. Sperandio & T.F. Milke
Efficient analysis and reanalysis techniques
Using model order reduction to accelerate optimization of multi-stage lineardynamical systems 453Y. Yue, S. Li, L. Feng, A. Seidel-Morgenstern & P. Benner
Improving inversion algorithms for geosounding inversion 459H. Hidalgo-Silva & E. Gómez-Treviño
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On solution of 3D contact shape optimization problems with Coulomb friction basedon domain decomposition 465P. Beremlijski & A. Markopoulos
Efficient reliability-based optimization using a combined metamodel and FE-based strategy 471S. Shetty
Sensitivity analysis
A revised vertex enumeration algorithm via dual Fourier-Motzkin elimination method 479S.D. Abdullahi
Topological derivatives for fundamental frequencies of elastic bodies 485V.V. Kobelev
Sensitivity analysis of the model response in mechanized tunneling simulation – A casestudy assessment 491C. Zhao, A.A. Lavasan & T. Schanz
Reaeration coefficient sensitivity analysis for water quality river modelling 497V.T.R. Costa, J. Lugon Jr. & P.P.W. Rodrigues
Industrial applications
Flow optimization of hydraulic accumulators 503H. Ortwig, U. Zimmermann & D. Hübner
Topology optimization of a wing structure 507F.C. Sousa, F.P. Lau & A. Suleman
The potential of support vector machines and Kriging in modelling the gas cyclone performance 513K. Elsayed, D. Vucinic & C. Lacor
Method and system for control of flotation process based on preliminary estimates of ore grade 519V. Morozov, Z. Ganbaatar, L. Delgerbat & V. Stoliarov
A firefly based optimization algorithm for optimal planning of voltage controlleddistributed generators 523M.M. Othman, W. El-Khattam, A.Y. Abdelaziz & Y.G. Hegazy
Optimization of the overload-protection degree 529A.V. Perelmuter & T.Y. Veriuzhska
A model for scheduling of employees using supplier selection 533S. Holopainen
Optimization of a silver catalyzed formaldehyde plant using artificial neural networks 539R.L. Reis, R.M. Fontes, J.K.O. Fernandes, R.A. Kalid & K.V. Pontes
Hypersonic cryogenic tank design using mixed-variable surrogate-based optimization 543Ch. Beauthier, A. Mahajan, C. Sainvitu, P. Hendrick, S. Sharifzadeh & D. Verstraete
Polymer electrolyte fuel cell performances enhanced by under-rib convection 551J. Ahn, J. Lee, N.D. Vihn, S. Park, H.-M. Kim & K.-S. Choi
Robust assignment of fleet size and travel routes for transportation to asingle-destiny using optimization via simulation 557E.G. Baquela & A.C. Olivera
An optimization model for truck tyres selection 561Z. Šabartová, A.-B. Strömberg, M. Patriksson & P. Lindroth
Optimization of storage space in port grain cereal storage silos – a case study 567M.G. Cardoso, E.P. Ferreira, M.P. Lopes & C. Lopes
A Hybrid Harmony Search (HHS) algorithm for a Green Vehicle Routing Problem (GVRP) 573R. Kawtummachai & T. Shohdohji
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Automotive shift quality optimization based on piecewise monotone interpolation ofparameter characteristics 579A. Wurm, D. Bestle & S. Kahlbau
Temperature prediction in high speed incremental forming process by data mining techniques 585C. Ciancio, G. Ambrogio, L. Filice, F. Gagliardi & R. Musmanno
Optimal race course design for air races 591R. Callies
Automotive Powertrain optimization by genetic algorithm analysing transmission ratios 597G.B. Colherinhas, P.H.C. Dias, A.C.G.C. Diniz & A.P.S.P. Rodrigues
Multi-objective optimization to simultaneously address energy hub layout, sizingand scheduling using a linear formulation 603G. Mavromatidis, R. Evins, K. Orehounig, V. Dorer & J. Carmeliet
Optimal control in moving domains: An application to eutrophication 609L.J. Alvarez-Vázquez, A. Martínez & F.J. Fernández
Optimum design of a dissipative link in wall-frame systems 615R. Greco & G.C. Marano
Inverse procedure for determining transient fluid temperature based on temperature responsesof the thermometer and pipeline wall 623J. Taler & M. Jaremkiewicz
Model-linearization strategies for MPC of the air-path of a diesel engine 627R. Bapst, M. Jakob, C. Onder, L. Guzzella & J. Asprion
Optimization of the fuel consumption of M3165 four-stroke internal combustion engine 633P. de F.V. Carvalheira & J.M.F. Nunes
Use of genetic algorithms for spare parts distribution system 639A. Rybicková, A. Karásková & D. Mocková
Mixture optimization and analysis of the chemical behavior of different types ofethanol for export 645M.C.O. Pedulla, J.I. Soletti & S.H.V. Carvalho
Towards a monolithic design of large aircraft wing spoilers using numericaltopology and laminate optimization 651M. Meindlhumer, M. Schagerl & M. Fleischmann
Design optimization of equivalent mooring system on truncated depth 657F.M.G. Ferreira, E.N. Lages, S.M.B. Afonso & P.R.M. Lyra
Achievement of metamodels for optimization of methylamines production processthrough computer aided design 663A.V.L. Machado, D.P. Leitoles, M.K. Lenzi, C.I. Yamamoto & L.F.L. Luz Jr.
Optimization in biogas processes production. The importance of global sensitivityanalysis, optimization procedure and uncertainty analysis 669A. Donoso-Bravo, G. Ruiz-Filippi & F. Carrera-Chapela
Shape optimization of aircraft cabin ventilation components using adjoint CFD 675T. Köthe, S. Herzog & C. Wagner
Optimization methods applied to nonlinear signal interference models 681M. da Silva, E.L.F. Senne & N.L. Vijaykumar
The Combinatorial-Cyclic method of Optimization (CCOpt) in a scaled or fullsized prototyping and virtual prototyping 687S. Zietarski, S. Kachel, A. Kozakiewicz & S. Wrzesien
Shape optimization of inductors for preheating before laser welding and hardening 693D. Pánek, P. Kus, V. Kotlan, R. Hamar & I. Doležel
Adjoint-based shape optimization of high-speed trains 699D. Jakubek, S. Herzog & C. Wagner
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Optimizing parameters of a downdraft biomass gasifier 705F.O. Centeno-González, K.A. Almeida, E.E.S. Lora & J.L. Gonçalves
Optimal selection and operation of distributed energy resources for an urban district 709B. Morvaj, R. Evins & J. Carmeliet
Robust shape optimization of composite structure using metamodels 715A. Janushevskis, A. Melnikovs & J. Janusevskis
Modeling and analysis of control in one unit compression chlorine 721S.K.S. Carmo, L.G.S. Vasconcelos & M. da S.A. Emerenciano
Minimizing the environmental impact of R-C structural elements 727M. Kripka, G.F. Medeiros, J.L.T. Fraga & P.R. Marosin
An adaptive multiscale approximation assisted multiobjective optimization appliedto compact heat exchangers 731K.H. Saleh, D. Bacellar, V. Aute & R. Radermacher
Residual stress and distortion after ejection for injection molded part withmetal-insert by the process chain analysis 737K. Jin, T. Jeong & N. Kim
Numerical analysis and optimal design to reduce residual stresses and deformationsof die casting sheets after ejection 743T. Kim, K. Jin, A. Teagen & N. Kim
The ant colony optimization algorithm for offshore air transport in the northeast of Brazil 749L.O. Mota, K.A. Rocha, T.X.R. Souza, E. Jesus, A.M. Oliveira Jr., J.I. Soletti,S.H.V. Carvalho & D.F. Souza
Productivity and optimization of the brew production by mash variation 753V.B. Barreto, F.D.R. Amado & K.V. Cruz
Optimization of the DLR SpaceLiner inside the integration environment RCE 757S. Zur & A. Tröltzsch
Optimization of corporate performance using data envelopment analysis with Maple 763J. Hrebícek, O. Trenz, Z. Chvátalová & J. Soukopová
On the optimization and accuracy of stress-strain curve determination using hydraulic bulge test 769H. Campos, B. Martins, A.D. Santos & F. Barlat
Thin-walled component design optimization for crashworthiness using principles ofcompliant mechanism synthesis and Kriging sequential approximation 775K. Liu, A. Tovar & D. Detwiler
Reliability-based topology optimization for uncertain building systems in seismic zones 781S. Bobby, S.M.J. Spence, E. Bernardini & A. Kareem
Quantum-inspired evolution for smart building energy management in future power networks 787R. Badawy, A. Heßler, S. Albayrak, B. Hirsch & A. Yassine
Study of the dynamic behavior and development of the optimal procedure of startupa thermally coupled distillation column 793A.L.U. Vasconcelos, I.C. Nunes, L.G.S. Vasconcelos & R.P. Brito
Modeling and optimization of a distillation column using advanced optimizationsoftware (ROMeo) 799C. Quito, I. Bessa & K. Pontes
Experimental methodology for quantification analysis of methane emissions appliedto the charcoal production in laboratory 803I.M.O. Maia, S.R. de Carvalho, V.L. Borges, R.L. Mota, L.D. Barbosa & E.A.P. de Lima
Assessment of corrosion and mechanical properties of rebar used in a 50-year-oldreinforced concrete industrial building 809M. Canbaz & U. Albayrak
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Examination of material properties and carbonation of concrete in a 50-year-old structure 815M. Canbaz, U. Albayrak & E. Unluoglu
Seven-stage axial compressor optimization 821V.N. Matveev, O.V. Baturin, G.M. Popov & I.N. Egorov
Dynamic job shop scheduling with alternative routes based on genetic algorithm 827A. Ali, P. Hackney, D. Bell & M. Birkett
MS01 – Topology optimization for structural static and dynamic failures
Major advances in exact structural topology optimization: Stress and displacementbased multi-load design 835G.I.N. Rozvany, V. Pomezanski, T. Sokoł & E. Pintér
Optimum structures of micropolar materials depending on elastic constants 841Y. Arimitsu, Z.Q. Wu, Y. Sogabe & T. Kimura
Towards multi-objective topology optimization of structures subject to crash and staticload cases 847N. Aulig, S. Menzel, E. Nutwell & D. Detwiler
A robust approach to the optimization of structures made of unilateral material 853M. Bruggi & P. Duysinx
Optimal packages: Binding regular polyhedra 859F. Kovács
MS02 – Optimization in oil and gas industries
A multifidelity approach to waterflooding optimization 867M. Fragoso, B. Horowitz & J. Rodrigues
Multicriteria solutions for optimum reservoir management 873S.M.B. Afonso, L.C. Oliveira, J.W.O. Pinto, B. Horowitz & R.B. Willmersdorf
A MILP formulation for scheduling oil tankers for offloading operations with variabletravel time 879L.S. de Assis, E. Camponogara & A. Plucenio
A modified shuffled frog-leaping algorithm to model products transport inpipeline networks 885F. Lamboia, L.V.R. de Arruda & F. Neves Jr.
A mathematical programming formulation for robust production optimization ofgas-lifted oil fields 891E. Hülse & E. Camponogara
Optimized ballast control in load-out operations 897M.C.T. Reyes, P. Kaleff, S.G. Ramon & J.R. Sarmiento
Helicopter routing problem applied to offshore platforms 901J.I. Soletti, S.H.V. Carvalho, C.J. Sousa & A.M. Oliveira Jr.
MS03 – New advances in derivative-free optimization methodsfor engineering optimization
Hybrid multi-criterion optimization strategies for complex technical problems 907S. Kux
Global optimization design for expensive computational simulations in aerodynamicsusing a novel surrogate model approach 913L. Carro-Calvo, S. Salcedo-Sanz, E. Andrés-Pérez & M.J. Martin-Burgos
Structural optimization of a joined wing aircraft using DMS algorithm 919T. Pires, J.F.A. Madeira & A. Suleman
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MS04 – Optimization methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering
A pre-operational study magnification measurement and error estimation of residualtibia kinematics within below knee prosthetics 927A. Breen, M. Dupac, S. Noroozi & N. Osborne
Optimal approach to the human motion reconstruction within the limitation of the kinematicdata acquisition procedures 931C. Quental, J. Folgado, J. Ambrósio & J. Monteiro
The callus formation in bone healing as a shape optimization problem 937F.O. Ribeiro, P.R. Fernandes, J. Folgado, M.J. Gómez-Benito & J.M. García-Aznar
A framework for custom design and fabrication of cranio-maxillofacial prosthesesusing investment casting 941V. Csáky, R.J. Neto, T.P. Duarte, J. Lino Alves, M. Couto & M. Machado
Parametric optimization of coronary stents based on finite element models 947N.S. Ribeiro, J.O. Folgado & H.C. Rodrigues
MS05 – Optimization of laminated composite structures
Hierarchical optimization of fiber reinforced composites for natural frequencies 955R.T.L. Ferreira, H.C. Rodrigues & J.M. Guedes
Optimal design of composite structures subjected to fatigue loading in a fuzzy environment 961P. Kedziora & A. Muc
Reducing of the stress concentration near mounting zones of the wind turbine composite blade 967P.A. Oganesyan, I.V. Zhilyaev, V.S. Shevtsova & J.-K. Wu
Combined topology and stacking sequence optimization of composite laminated structuresfor structural performance measures 971G.P. Rodrigues, J.M. Guedes & J.O. Folgado
Viscoelastic material parameter estimation in sandwich structures 977V.J.S. Carvalho, A.L. Araújo & N.M.M. Maia
A design optimization study of a partially damped sandwich structure 983S. Naimi, S. Assaf & M.A. Hamdi
MS06 – Inverse problems in engineering
Direct and optimization methods for the localization of obstacles in a porous media 991N.F.M. Martins
Bayesian estimate of mass fraction of burned fuel in internal combustion enginesusing pressure measurements 997D.C. Estumano, F.C. Hamilton, M.J. Colaço, A.J.K. Leiroz, H.R.B. Orlande,R.N. Carvalho & G.S. Dulikravich
Comparison of two inverse strategies to characterise soil profiles 1005D.N. Wilke, S. Kok & G. Heymann
Estimating the stress-strain curve of steel wire 1011S. Kok & D.N. Wilke
Meshless methods for the inverse problem related to the determination ofnon-Newtonian fluid properties from the volume flow experiment 1017J.A. Kołodziej, M. Mierzwiczak & J.K. Grabski
Determination of non-uniformity of unidirectional fibrous porous media as inverse problem 1023J.A. Kolodziej, M. Mierzwiczak & P. Fritzkowski
Simultaneous boundary value and material parameter estimation using imperfect compression data 1029G.J. Jansen van Rensburg, S. Kok & D.N. Wilke
On introducing restrictions for mechanism design 1035I. Fernández de Bustos, V. García Marina, R. Ansola & M. Abásolo
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Using inverse mapping to directly solve inverse problems 1039E. Asaadi, S. Kok & P.S. Heyns
A new aerodynamic inverse method for the design of ducts 1045J.E. Borges
Fall detection modeling based on inverse problems 1051I. Figueiredo, S. Kumar, C. Leal & L. Pinto
Author index 1057
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Engineering Optimization IV – Rodrigues et al. (Eds)© 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-02725-1
Preface
This book contains the edited version of the papers presented and discussed at the 4th International Conferenceon Engineering Optimization “ENGOPT2014”, September 08–11, 2014, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon,Portugal.
EngOpt2014 is the fourth edition of the biennial scientific meeting “International Conference on EngineeringOptimization”. The first conference took place in 2008 in Rio de Janeiro, the second in Lisbon in 2010 and thethird in Rio de Janeiro in 2012.
Modern engineering processes and tasks are highly complex, multi and interdisciplinary, requiring the coop-erative effort of different specialists from engineering, mathematics, computer science and even social sciences.Optimization methodologies are fundamental instruments to tackle this complexity, giving us the possibility tounite synergistically team members’ inputs and thus decisively contribute to solve the new engineering tech-nological challenges. With this context in mind, the main goal of this EngOpt conference is to join engineers,applied mathematicians, computer and other applied scientists working on research, development and practicalapplication of optimization methods applied to all engineering disciplines, in a common scientific forum topresent, analyze and discuss their latest developments.The contributing papers are organized around the following major themes:
Numerical Optimization TechniquesDesign Optimization and Inverse ProblemsEfficient Analysis and Reanalysis TechniquesSensitivity AnalysisIndustrial Applications
And the mini-symposiums:
MS01 – Topology Optimization For Structural Static and Dynamic Failures (Organized by Gil Ho Yoon,Matteo Bruggi and Emílio Carlos Nelli Silva)
MS02 – Optimization in Oil and Gas Industries (Organized by Silvana Bastos and Bernardo Horowitz)MS03 – New Advances in Derivative-Free Optimization Methods for Engineering Optimization (Organized
by J.F.A. Madeira and A.L. Custódio)MS04 – Optimization Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering (Organized by P.R. Fernandes
and J. Folgado)MS05 – Optimization of Laminated Composite Materials (Organized by H.C. Rodrigues and A.L. Araújo)MS06 – Inverse Problems in Engineering (Organized by Schalk Kok and Daniel N. Wilke)
We want to take this opportunity to extend our recognition to the mini-symposium organizers, scientific committeemembers, session chairs, lecturers and conference participants for the scientific success of this event, the manyinteresting presentations and active participation in the discussions that were the main objectives of this scientificmeeting.
Our indebtedness is also due to Ms. Andrea de Freitas and Ms. Anabela Arenga for all their efforts andcommitment to the successful running of the conference.
The Editors,Lisbon, Instituto Superior Técnico, September 2014
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Engineering Optimization IV – Rodrigues et al. (Eds)© 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-02725-1
Organizers
The EngOpt2014 conference was organized by IDMEC – Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica of Instituto SuperiorTécnico and was endorsed by APMTAC – Portuguese Association for Theoretical, Applied and ComputationalMechanics, EUROPT – The Continuous Optimization Working Group of EURO, IFORS – International Fed-eration of Operational Research Societies, ISSMO – International Society for Structural and MultidisciplinaryOptimization and MOS – Mathematical Optimization Society.
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Engineering Optimization IV – Rodrigues et al. (Eds)© 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-02725-1
Reducing of the stress concentration near mounting zones of the windturbine composite blade
P.A. Oganesyan & I.V. ZhilyaevSouthern Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov on Don, Russia
V.S. ShevtsovaSouthern Federal University, Rostov on Don, Russia
J.-K. WuNational Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan R.O.C.
ABSTRACT: The main goal of the presented work is the optimization of the wind turbine blade structure nearthe mounting zones to obtain more flatten stress distribution at the action of the wind load. This turbine thatconsists of five blades, is designed to produce the electric energy for the fishnets, is installed on a pontoonfloating on the sea surface. The blade, which has the stiff carbon/epoxy composite skin and less stiff lightweightcore body, is mounted by two spokes to the rotor hub, and due to the wind load the areas of the blade nearmounting of the spokes are extremely stressed. To minimize these stresses concentration the guess model of theblade was created using NX CAD tool, and finite element analysis was provided using COMSOL Multiphysics.Our modeling of the distributed air pressure load on the blade surfaces at the different wind orientation used theturbulent k-ε flow model, and allowed to find most loaded angular position of the blade at the rotor rotation. Inorder to minimize the peak von Mises stress around most stressed mounting hole the founded pressure field wasimported to the Structural Mechanics/Optimization module, which solved the coupled mechanics/optimizationproblem. The optimized parts were the multilayered polymeric composite spacers with the hardened metallicfolies and hole for the spoke fixing. As the design variables we used two parameters that describe the axial andradial dependencies of varied Young module and also the wall thickness of the spacer. The objective functionwas assumed in the form of the weighted sum of von Mises stress averaged over the area around the mountingholes. Finally we demonstrate some optimization result.
1 INTRODUCTION
The problem of structural optimization is very impor-tant for many high loaded structures, especially in thecases when the weight and (or) size of such structuresare constrained, or in the cases of high stress localconcentration, and we need to flatten this stress dis-tribution. Most often this problem can be solved byusing the methods of the structural topology optimiza-tion that have been developed and used in (Bendsoe &Sigmund 2004, Meske et al. 2008), by the parameter-ized geometry (Shevtsov et al. 1013) or mechanicalproperties (Reich & Sanders 2007).
But there are structures whose geometry cannot bechanged due to some requirements, e.g., constraintscaused by the nearest parts of whole machine, by theaerodynamic shapes or other reasons.The example thatwe consider here is the rotor blade of the wind turbinesimilar to studied by Yoshioka (2013). The designedturbine is installed on a pontoon floating in the seasurface, and produces the electric energy for the fish-nets. It consists of five blades, each mounted to the hub
by two stiff spokes. The shape of the blade is the partof a helix (with diameter ∼4 m and pitch 36 deg/m)whose axis coincides with the vertical axis of turbinerotation (see Fig. 1). The cross-section of the blade isthe aerofoil with the chord ∼0.75 m, and full lengthof the blade is ∼3.5 m. The blade has the stiff car-bon/epoxy composite skin and less stiff lightweightcore body. Because of very high wind load with the dif-ferent orientation the areas of the blade near mountingof two spokes are extremely stressed. Due to the tur-bine rotation the spatial distribution of the wind loadchanges at the different azimuth position of each blade,hence the stress intensity and distribution around themounting points also changed. To minimize and flat-ten these stresses the CAD model of the blade wascreated and converted to the following finite element(FE) analysis, and the optimization procedure.
In order to optimize the studied rotor blade we usedthe objective function in the form of the weighted sumof von Mises stress averaged over the area aroundthe mounting holes, and the design variables were thediameter of this cylinder area and two parameters that
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Figure 1. CAD model of the studied wind turbine rotor(above) and mounting of spoke to the blade (below).
determine the axial and radial dependencies of variedYoung module of material.
2 DETERMINATION OF THE PRESSUREFIELD ON THE BLADE SURFACE AT THEWIND LOAD
On the first stage of investigation the pressure loadon the blade surface at the different wind orientationhas been calculated using k-ε turbulent flow modelwith the parameters Ce1 = 1.44, Ce2 = 1.92, Cµ =0.09, σk = 1.0, σe = 1.3. κv = 0.41, B= 5.2. Such twosteps approach to the optimization problem is similarto used by Zakhama et al. (2007). We studied 12 winddirections (see, eg. Fig. 2) relative to one blade in thestatic state, and the velocity vector has the componentsaccording to the formula
where air velocity has been assumed v= 10 m/s.After these numerical simulations, the pressure
field, which acts on the blade surface and correspondsto the most stress state of material around the mounting
Figure 2. Four examples of the wind orientation at the FEcalculation of the air pressure field.
zones, have been selected for the following optimiza-tion procedure, and exported to the FE tool as the texttables.
3 OPTIMIZATION OF THE MATERIAL’SELASTIC PROPERTIES DISTRIBUTION INTHE MOUNTING AREAS OF THE BLADE
In order to eliminate the stress concentration near themounting zones where rotor blade transmits the torqueto the hub through the spokes made from aluminiumalloy we use the reinforcing spacers, whose radialdimension, radial and axial stiffness distributions arethe design variables. Such spacers can be manufac-tured by the alternating lay up of the impregnatedfabric and titanium foil.The above mentioned axial andradial dependencies of the spacer’s mechanical proper-ties have been determined in consideration of mechan-ical properties of aluminium alloy (Young modulusYAl = 70 GPa and Poisson ratio νAl = 0.3) and usedpolymeric composite (YComp = 20 GPa, νComp = 0.3).These dependencies
are expressed through dimensionless distances rn(x),h(x)
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Figure 3. Spatial distributions of the Young modulus in theradial (upper plot) and axial directions (middle plot). Thelower plot, which relate to the cross-section of the blade, arebuilt for k1 = k2 = 3.
where x is a coordinate of the arbitrary point of thereinforcing spacer, r(x) is the distance between thispoint and axis of the hole, whereas rn(x) is its spac-ing to the hole surface, rext and rint are the outher andinner radii of the spacer, d is the blade thickness atthe hole location, l is the distance between point xof spacer and the nearest blade’s skin. In these rela-tionships the outher spacer’s size rext ∈ [2; 4] cm andtwo powers k1, k2 ∈ [1; 4] that determine the spatialbehavior of the spacer’s Young module (see Fig. 3)are the design variables, which should be found by theoptimization procedure.
The objective function was adopted in the form ofweighted sum of averaged von Mises stress into thecylindrical subdomains of composite. The averagingprocedure was the integration of Mises stress overthese subdomains, which have the external radii 10cm, and surround the spacers (see Fig. 1).
Figure 4. The dependencies of the design variables on theiteration number at the solving of optimization problem.
The optimization technique included static analysisperformed using the FE model of the single blade withtwo fixed surfaces of the hole, and the pressure fieldthat acts on the blade’s aerodynamic surfaces, and alsoNelder-Mead optimization algorithm, which call thisFE model on each iteration step. Due to ability of Com-sol Multiphysics FE tool to provide a collective workof these two applications, a whole problem has beensolved in the common environment. The hystories ofthe problem convergence are presented in Figures 4, 5.
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Figure 5. The dependency of the objective function on theiteration number at the solving of optimization problem.
Figure 6. The axial (above) and radial (below) von Misespeack stress distributions before and after optimization(explanation un text).
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The diagrams in Figures 4, 5 demonstrate a fast con-vergence of the problem solution. The design variablestend to their limiting values, which is understandable.It is obvious that larger size of the spacers can providemore flatten stress distribution. In fact, their diameteris constrained by the dimensions of the blade because
the mounting hole position is close to the leading edgeof aerofoil.
The time history of the averaged stress intensity,which is presented in Figure 5, demonsrates relativelylow efficiency of performed optimization – the aver-aged von Mises stress decreased by less than 1 percent.Hovewer, maximum axial stress intensity in the regionadjacent to the surface of the hole was decreased by35–40%, and peack radial stress intensity in the regionadjacent to the surface of the aerofoil was decreasedby up to 45%.
5 CONCLUSIONS
The problem of the wind turbine blade optimizationwas formulated and solved by the sequential determi-nation of the pressure field, which acts on the bladesurfaces at the different blade’s azimuth position, withthe following solving the coupled structural mechan-ics/optimization problem. The guess CAD model ofthe blade was created, and exported for the FE analy-sis to COMSOL Multiphysics. The parameters, whichdetermine the spatial distribution of theYoung moduleof the reinforcing spacers were used as the design vari-ables, whereas the von Mises stresses averaged in thevicinity of mounting holes were used as the objectivefunction. The optimized design was demonstrated thelowering of the peack stress concentration up to 35%.The presented example demonstrates that the proposedformulation is successful in incorporating the effect ofwind loading into the structural optimization problem.
REFERENCES
Bendsoe, M.P. & Sigmund, O. 2004. Topology Optimiza-tion. Theory, Methods and Applications. 2nd ed. Berlin:Springer.
Meske, R., Sauter, J., & Zeynel, G. 2008. Recent Improve-ments in Topology and Shape Optimization and the Inte-gration into the Virtual Product Development Process.In Advances in Shape and Topology Optimization; Proc.intern. workshop, Graz, Austria, 25–27 September 2008.
Reich, G.W., & Sanders, B. 2007. Development of Skins forMorphing Aircraft Applications via Topology Optimiza-tion. In 48th AIAA /ASME /ASCE /AHS /ASC Structures,Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference; Proc.Int. Conf.; Honolulu, Hawaii: 23–26 April 2007. AIAA.
Shevtsov, S., Flek, M., & Zhilyaev, I. 2013. Modeling andOptimal Design of Power High Stroke Piezoelectric Actu-ators for Rotorcraft Applications. In I. Parinov & S.-H.Chang (eds), Physics and Mechanics of New Materialsand theirApplications: 259–274. N.-Y.: NOVA Publishers.
Yoshioka, S. 2013, Development of a New Blade Profile fora Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. In 2013 Comsol Confer-ence: Book of Proceedings. Boston: 9–11 October 2013.Comsol Inc.
Zakhama, R, Abdalla, M.M., Gurdal, Z, & Smaoui, H.2007. Wind Load Effect in Topology Optimization Prob-lems. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 75. Berlin:Springer.
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