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Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms

Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

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Page 1: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms

Page 2: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

ABUTMENTThe part of a structure

that directly receives thrust

or pressure.

Page 3: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

ARCH BRIDGE A bridge that uses long

span arches for support.

Page 4: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

BEAM BRIDGE A bridge whose main

structural element consists of a beam set across two or more vertical supporting members.

Page 5: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

BUCKLE Failure caused by

bending, giving way, or crumpling due to excessive force.

Page 6: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

BRITTLE The description for a

material which is neither ductile nor malleable and will fail suddenly without warning.

Page 7: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

COMPRESSION The effect of a force

which tends to shorten an object in the direction of the force. For example, the towers of a suspension bridge are in compression.

Page 8: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

DEAD LOAD A permanent part of a

structure. A dead load does not change over time.

Page 9: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

DENSITY Mass per unit volume.

Page 10: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

DYNAMIC LOAD A quick exertion of

force such as an explosion, collision, etc.

Page 11: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

ELASTIC DEFORMATION RANGE A range during

material testing where if the load is released the material will return to its initial size and shape.

Page 12: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

FIXTURE Apparatus used in

manufacturing processes to assemble large pieces of material in a consistent fashion.

Page 13: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

FREE-BODY DIAGRAM A sketch of an object

(body) of interest with all the surrounding objects stripped away and all of the forces acting on the object (body) shown.

TAETAC

TAB

TAD

Page 14: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

JIG Apparatus used in

manufacturing processes to assemble or measure pieces of material in a consistent fashion, smaller than a fixture and can be moved.

Page 15: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

LIVE LOAD A load moving across

or within a structure.

Page 16: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

MOMENT OF INERTIA An indication of the

stiffness of a particular shape.  The higher the moment of inertia, the less the deflection.

MOI .

Page 17: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

NEWTON’S FIRST LAW (The Law of Inertia) –

Objects at rest tend to stay at rest, and objects in motion tend to stay in motion at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Page 18: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

NEWTON’S SECOND LAW The net force acting on

an object in a given direction is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by the acceleration of the object in the same direction as the net force.

Page 19: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

NEWTON’S THIRD LAW The force of one object

(object 1) acting on another object (object 2) is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force of the second object acting upon the first.

Page 20: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

PLASTIC DEFORMATION RANGE A range during

material testing where the material will not return to its initial size and shape.

Page 21: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

REACTIONS Reactions are passive

forces that are induced at the supports of a structure.

70o 70o

40o

8N

Ra = 4N Rb = 4N

a b

cx

y

12 cm

Page 22: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

STATICS The study of objects in

a state of equilibrium. 

Page 23: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

STATIC LOAD A load that

accumulates over time.

Page 24: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

STRESS-STRAIN CURVE A graph of stress (on

the y-axis) versus strain (on the x-axis) for materials under stress; enables engineers to learn about the strength of material as it deforms elastically and plastically.

Page 25: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

SUSPENSION BRIDGE A bridge having a road

or deck hung from a pair of steel cables, each carried by two towers, one at each bank; e.g., the Golden Gate Bridge over San Francisco Bay.

Page 26: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

TENSION A situation in which

force is applied to an object that stretches, expands or lengthens the object.

Page 27: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

TENSILE Of or relating to

tension; a “tensile” force is a force that serves to stretch, expand, or lengthen an object.

Page 28: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

TRUSS A large structural

member that consists of many smaller parts, typically in a repeating pattern of geometric shapes.

Page 29: Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms. ABUTMENT The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure

YIELD