Eng 11 (Exploring Research)

7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)

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ENG 11 (EXPLORING RESEARCH)


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GETTING ACQUAINTED WITHRESEARCH

Is a process of posing a research problem, gatheringinformation, determining relationships, and writing the paper.

Includes library research, interviews, surveys, experiments, or

combination of any two or more methods.

Identifies problems, compares solutions, and offers betteroptions.

Hones critical reading and writing as well as problem-solving

skills.


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UNDERSTANDING THE REQUIRED

PAPER

Your research paper synthesizes your discoveries about a topic andyour judgment, interview interpretation, and evaluation of thosediscoveries

It is a NOT of an article or a book.

It is a NOT series of quotations from different sources.


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RESEARCH REQUIREMENTS

Topicgroups choice

Group work research paper assignment

Descriptive type of paper

10 15 pages - length

Format: Title Page

Thesis Statement + Outline

Abstract

Introduction

Body

Conclusion

References

APA (Manual of American Psychological Association) documentation style

Font size 12 or 14 Font style Times New Roman, Arial, Courier

Double - spacing


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STEPS IN PREPARING A RESEARCHPAPER

1. Choosing an appropriate topic

A topic that is close to yourinterests and experiences

Check availability of materials orresources on your chosen topic

Consider the length of the reportand the length of time needed tocomplete the report

Find a topic of novelty (newnessor strangeness)

Know your audience/readers

1.1 Defining and narrowing down atopic

The shorter the report, thenarrower the topic should be

Define major terms or concepts Focus on one main idea or event

Read articles on the topic tobecome familiar with it

Ask yourself a series of questions

to delimit the topic


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NARROWING A TOPIC

After choosing a topic for the research, you should examine whether thetopic chosen is quite broad or narrow. One method of narrowing downyour topic to a workable topic is the funneling method. From the general

topic, it flows downward through the funnel until it is narrowed down toa workable topic.

Ecology

The abuse of the environment

Pollutants and pollution

Effects on the ozone layer

The greenhouse effect

Global warming


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Example 1.

Broad Topic: EnvironmentalAwareness

Narrower Topic: EnvironmentalAwareness of Students

Narrowest Topic: EnvironmentalAwareness of the Mapuans in theMonitoring System Activities ofMapua Institute of Technology.

Example 2.

Broad Topic: Nuclear Power

Narrower Topic: Nuclear Poweris once again being consideredan alternative to Coal and Oil

Narrowest: Nuclear Advocatesargue that only Nuclear Powercan ease Acid Rain, Global

Warming, and other threatsposed by the heavy use of fossilfuels.


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Thesis Statement is themain idea of your paper. It isthe one sentence that provides

the controlling idea. Look at itas an umbrella sentence thatcovers all the main points youwill discuss in your paper.

Thesis statementformulation:

Think of the following equation as

a guide to help you come upwith a thesis statement.THESIS = SPECIFIC TOPIC +SPECIFIC CLAIM

Example:

Specific topic: the use of graphicvideos in TV news program

Specific claim: can have a negativeeffect

Thesis = The use of graphic videosin TV news programs can have anegative effect on young

viewers.Thesis = TV news programs that

show graphic videos affectyoung viewers in a negativeway.

Remember: The thesis statementshould provide a single line offocus.


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Another way to formulate a thesis statement is to state it as aclaim. Examples:

Claims of definition We need to define sex educationbefore we discuss whether it should be implemented inschools. Required support: Quote authorities, comparisonand contrast, formal and extended definition

Claims of cause What are the causes? effects?

Youth organizations are powerful catalysts of change in the

country. Required support: Facts or statistics, induction ordeduction, cause-effect organization


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Claims of value Is it good or bad? What are the criteriathat I can use to evaluate it merit or demerit? Using bio fuelis one of the most practical solutions to air pollution in thecountry.

Required support: Appeal to the audiences values, quotationsfrom authorities, claim-reason pattern

Claims of policy What should we do? How can we solvethis problem? Companies should reduce the production ofgoods that are difficult to recycle.

Required support: Statistics, authorities as proof, problem-solution pattern


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PREPARING A TENTATIVE OUTLINE

An outline is the organization pattern/plan of your paper. If it will be

compared to a human body, the outline is the skeleton.

Introduction + Body+ Conclusion Format

1. Introduction1.1 Background

1.2 Thesis statement

1.3 Statement of the problem

1.4 Importance of the study

1.5 Scope and limitation of the study


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2. Body2.1 Major support 1

2.1.1 Minor support2.1.2 Minor support

2.1.3 Minor support

2.2 Major support 2

2.2.1 Minor support2.2.2 Minor support

2.3 Major support 3

2.3.1 Minor support

2.3.2 Minor support

3. Conclusion


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GENERAL RULES

An outline generally has two kinds: topic andsentence. In an

outline, ideas are arranged logically, according to importance,and through a system of designation and indentations. Followthese simple rules:

1. For Roman numerals/letters, numbers and letters alternate

a. Main topics are shown by Roman numerals (I, II, III)b. Sub topics under Roman numerals are presented by capital

letters (A, B, C)

c. Details under capital letters are shown by Arabic numbers (1, 2,

3)d. Details under Arabic numbers are shown by small letters (a, b,

c)


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e. Details under small letters are shown by Arabic numbers in parentheses,without a period ( (1), (2), (3))

f. Details under Arabic numbers in parentheses are shown by small lettersin parentheses, without a period ((a), (b), (c))

2. The first letter of each point must be capitalized.

3. Any point must have at least two sub points.

4. Use either the sentence or phrase (topic/words) for each point. Do notmix the two in an outline.

5. Be consistent also of the form since you can use between the Romannumerals/letters and decimal.


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Example: TENTATIVE OUTLINE

Topic: Stereotypes of Mapuans among other

students in Intramuros.

1. Stereotypes is commonly known as public beliefabout a certain group or an individual.

1.1 Stereotypes can greatly affect the confidence ofMapuans.

1.2 Students from other institutions in Intramuros

stereotype Mapuans.


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1.3 Mapuans need not be stereotyped instead emphasizedthe relationship between peer -to -peer communicationamong other students.

1.4 Students from Mapua Institute of Technology will bethe respondents as well as students from otherinstitutions but limited to Intramuros Manila.

2. The descriptive interview approach was used to gatherdata as well as some related literature and studies tosupport the facts gathered.

2.1 Fuller (2011), coined the term Stereotypes as images ofwhat a certain type of person is or does .

2.2 According to Polandaya greediness can be a source ofstereotyping, and it is the most renowned form ofdiscrimination (2013).


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2.3 Thus, stereotyping can be humorous in nature but cangive a negative feedback toward the stereotyped ones.

3. To conclude, the research can integrate the gathered data

to the social status of Mapuans on how to deal withstereotypes from other institutes in Intramuros, Manila.3.1 As a summary, stereotyping is the most common form of

racism because of the untrue assumptions that have beeninflicted to the stereotyped ones.

3.2 The researchers recommend this paper to the Mapuansas well as to other students from other institutions onhow to deal with stereotypes being coined to Mapuans .

3.3 Moreover, to cope with the Mapua environment and the

other institutions environment to achieve both theirgoals and to succeed in whatever endeavor Mapuanswant to pursue.


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CONDUCTING AN INTERVIEW

An interview is a purposive

face-to-face encounter

usually between two people

in order to exchange

information.

Three stages of interview:

1. Pre-interview stage

1.1 Determine the purpose of your

interview1.2 Research the topic

1.3 Choose your interviewee

1.4 Prepare for the interview

1.5 Prepare an interview guide

2. The interview proper

2.1 Opening establish rapport, set

the foundation for the interview

2.2 Body main part of theinterview where you can ask

questions.

2.3 Closing leave the interview

with a positive feeling

3. The post interview

3.1 Arrange a follow-up session, if

needed.

3.2 Prepare the interview report.


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TYPES OF QUESTIONS

1. Open- aspects within the same topic.An example: What makes digital

photography fascinating for

you?

4. Secondary these serve tohelp the interview elaborate

on responses that did not

provide clear or complete

information. Example: Imnot sure I understand what

you mean by esoteric.

1. Open-endedthese are

broad questions usually

about one topic. For

example: How did you get

started in this business?2. Close-ended these

questions call for restricted

responses. Example: Do

you come from a bigfamily?

3. Primary these are

questions that introduce

new topics or other


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5. Neutralthese are

questions that ask for

simple clear-cut answers.

For example: What is it

like to be the first woman

president of this company

in a field dominated by

men?6. Leading these questions

are the types that direct

the interviewee to an

expected response. Yougenerally would not ask

this type of question. An

exampleis Arent you a

big fan of telenovelas!

7. Loadedthese questions

imply some negative aspect

regarding the interviewee thus,

are highly inappropriate. These

questions should be avoided.

Example: How can you stand a

bunch of idiots?


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WRITING AN INTERVIEW REPORT

You can organize your

interview report in the same

way you conducted the

interview have an opening, a

body and a closing.

The opening should capture the

interest of your intended

audience. How can you

introduce your

topic/interviewee in a way that

will grab the attention of your

audience? What is the central

theme of the interview?

1. Begin with a brief

background about the

interview situation (when?

where? why?) and the

interviewee(who?).

2. The body of the interviewreport should focus on the

main discussion of the

heart of the interview. If

the interviewee said

something particularly

striking, use the quotation,

taking care that it is

accurate.


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2.1 Outline the main points

discussed during the

interview.2.2 Paraphrase important

ideas.

2.3 Provide flavor by using

direct quotations.

2.4 Ensure that the flow of

ideas runs smoothly by

incorporating transitions.

3. The closing should

reinforce the highlights ofthe interview.

3.1 Summarize key points.

3.2 Reiterate the central

message.

3.3 If available, close with an

appropriate quote from the

interviewee.

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Eng 11 (Exploring Research)