energy

transfer

insulation

Energy can be transferred from one location to another, as in the sun's energy travels through space to Earth. The two ways that energy can be transferred are by doing work and heat transfer.

thermometer

measurement

80 degrees

The thermometer is a device that measures temperature or temperature gradient using a variety of different principles.

Measurement is the process of estimating the magnitude of some attribute of an object, such as its length, weight, or depth relative to some standard.

chemical reaction

frictionA force that resists motion between two objects in contact. Friction results in the conversion of mechanical energy into waste heat that dissipates into the surrounding environment.

A change in which a substance (or substances) is changed into one or more new substances.

heat

energy

thermal

energy

melting

freezing

Melting is a process that results in the phase change of a substance from a solid to a liquid.

boiling

Vapor solids

Heated to or past the boiling point.

solid

liquid

molecules

molecules

A liquid is a fluid that has the particles loose and can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of its bulk material.

The atoms or molecules that compose the solid are packed closely together.

gas

properties

molecules

It is a trait that describes a substance by itself.

Gas is a state of matter, consisting of a collection of particles (molecules, atoms, ions, electrons, etc.) without a definite shape or volume that are in more or less random motion.