Energy & Life

Interest Grabber

Feel the Burn

• Do you like to run, bike, or swim?

Section 9-1

1. How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slowrun? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run?

2. What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changesin how you feel?

3. Think about running as fast as you can for 100 meters. Could youkeep up this pace for a much longer distance? Explain your answer.

Conc. Gradient (ATP)

Energy• What is energy?

– The ability to do work

• Importance: need to obtain & use energy for life to exist

• Forms: – Light – Heat – Electricity – Stored (in chemical compounds)

Producers & Consumers of Energy

• Producers of energy = Autotrophs – Able to make their own energy – Plants & other types of organisms

• Consumers of energy = Heterotrophs – Have to eat something else to obtain

energy (a plant or another animal) – Animals, Fungus (yeast!)

Release of Energy• Energy is transferred – not recycled

– What does this mean? Examples?• Food we eat broken down to release energy• Sunlight energy into plants to make food• Water behind a dam• Coal/fossil fuels burning

WHICH ARE NATURAL PATHWAYS?

What is the ultimate source for energy?

• Analyze the energy and matterrelationship in thediagram

• Summarizeusing your ownwords!

Focus on chemical energy

Thanks to plants, we have food – a source of chemical energy

Now what?Eat, digest and use the macrolecules =

breaking of high energy bonds to low energy bonds to transfer energy– Lots of energy in the covalent bonds!!!

Food to ATP

Super Important Chemical ATP • ATP

– Adenosine triphosphate – this is what your cells need to do work!

– When do cells do work? How does ATP provide energy?

ATP needs to be regenerated

– It provides energy needed for lots of processes so needs to be regenerated often

– Food you eat releases energy to make

ATP

Storing & Releasing Energy

• Which part of the structure of ATP is the key to storing & releasing of energy?

• More work in the cell = more ATP

• ATP is the "universal molecule of energy transfer" in living things.

The ATP Cycle• ATP loses a phosphate & in the

process releases the energy stored in the bond

– the energy is used by the cell

– This produces ADP

ATP Cycle Continued

• To generate ATP again– we must add energy back in order to

create the energy rich phosphate bond

• The energy ultimately from the Sun via photosynthesis -----> stored as glucose. – Glucose itself is used as a "fuel" to

create more ATP.

Food For Thought• What do your cells need energy for?

• Why do your cells only have a small amount of ATP in them at any given time?

• How is ATP like a fully charged battery?

• How is ADP like a partially charged battery?

You are what you eat

Food Label Analysis

1 Calorie = 1kcalorie or 1,000 calories

Calorie = calorie

The “C” in Calorie is a nutritional unit

What?

• Definition for calorie (notice the lowercase “c”)The amount of energy to raise 1 g of water 1⁰C

1cal = 1g(water) X 1⁰C Here’s why nutritionist use “C” Calorie

The label shows that the food provides 200 Calories of energy.

200 Calories = 200 kcalories

200 kcal = _______________calories

So what does 200 Calories mean? • 200 Calories = 200 kcal = 200,000 calories so….• If you burned food containing 200,000 calories it would

raise the temp. of 1 gram of water by __________⁰C

Or it would raise the temp of 10 grams of water by ________⁰COr it would raise the temp of 100 grams of water by ________⁰COr it would raise the temp of 100,000 grams of water by ________⁰C

Calorimetry

This would be fun to try – except we would need to make some modifications.

Why? How improve? How does one measure a gram of water?

Modifications to make accurate measurements

• Your ideas:

• Pre-lab reading

Sample problems

Post lab

• Calories from the various macromolecules in your food– Proteins = 4kcal/g– Carbohydrates = 4kcal/g– Lipids = 9kcal/g

• Why so much more energy from lipids?

include

that consist of

which contain

that consist of that consist of that consist of

which contain which contain which contain

Section 2-3

Concept Map

CarbonCompounds

include

that consist of

which contain

that consist of that consist of that consist of

which contain which contain which contain

Section 2-3

Concept Map

Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins

Sugars and starches Fats and oils Nucleotides Amino Acids

Carbon,hydrogen,

oxygen

Carbon,hydrogen,

oxygen

Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen, nitrogen,

phosphorus

Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,

nitrogen,

Patient Challenge

• Research the caloric intake and needs of a hypothetical patient.

!