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Energy
Heat from Biomass- State of Art and Best Practice Examples
www.renewables-made-in-germany.de
Christian Letalik (Engineer of Agriculture)C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.
Content Overview
C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.
Importance of Biomass in Comparison to other Renewable Energy Sources
Heat from Biomass - Sources / Markets / Prices - Best Practise Examples
Conclusions
C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.
Central Agricultural Raw materials Marketing and
Development Network , registered association
Coordination office for renewable resources in Bavaria
Founded in1992, 70 members, 20 employees
Consulting, public relations and project management with
regard to energetically use of biomass
Project assessment and project evaluation for the Bavarian Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Further information: www.carmen-ev.de
Bavaria
C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.
Sponsored BioEnergy-Projects Approx. 350 heat plants
500 kWth. to 13 MWth.
13 wood-Combined Heat and Power Plants40 kWel. to 10 MWel.
6 vegetable oil - CHPs5 kWel. to 200 kWel.
6 Biogas - CHPs15 kWel. to 250 kWel.
3 drying plants for animal food
● Heat Plants■ CHP▲ Drying Plants♦ Veg. Oil CHPX Biogas Plant
Content Overview
C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.
Importance of Biomass in Comparison to other Renewable Energy Sources
Heat from Biomass - Sources / Markets / Economics / Prices - Best Practise
Conclusions
Energy crops, slurry organic waste
rape, sunflowerwood, forest residues,
wood pellets
gaseousflüssigSolid Biomass
MobilityHeat and electricity
liquid
Physical States of Biomass
Electricity and heat
Importance of Renewable Energy Sources – FRG in 2010
Source: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
Importance of Biomass – Final Energy Consumption
Source: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
Development of Biomass – Electricity Generation
Source: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
Development of Biomass – Heat Supply
Source: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
Importance of Renewable Energy Sources – Heat Supply
Source: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
58 bn. kWh from split logs (fire wood) in private households (= 2/3 of solid biomass)
= 20 Mio. tons/a !
Source: HDG Bavaria
Content Overview
C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.
Importance of Biomass in Comparison to other Renewable Energy Sources
Heat from Biomass - Sources / Markets / Prices - Best Practise Examples
Conclusions
Shares of Residue Biomass Potentials in Germany
Source: Knappe et al. 2007
4,8% organic waste from households
Slurry 15,9%
13,1% forest residues
24,5% cereal straw
11,6% rape straw, beet and potato leaf
4,6% residues from the forest industry
9,8% waste-paper
7,7% used wood
Different Sources and Forms of Solid Biofuels
Traditional In Future?
Wood-pellets
Wood-chips
Split logs (fire wood)
Straw Grains
Miscanthus
Wood-Plantation
Wood Pellets; Number of installed Pellet Boilers < 100kW
Wood Pellets
► Characteristics :Diameter : 6 or 8 mmLength : 10 to 40 mmCal. value : 5 kWh / kgDensity : 650 kg/m3
Ash content :< 0,5 %
Use of Solid Biomass – Wood Pellets
Source: www.enendlich- viel-energie.de
Fully automatic central heating system with wood pellets
Pellet Market
Development of Pellet Production in Germany
Pellet Production Plants
Source: DEPV
Distribution of Biomass Heat and CHP Plants
0 <= 15
15 <= 25
25 <= 35
35 <= 100 kW
n = 52
0 <= 15
15 <= 25
25 <= 35
35 <= 100 kW
n = 343
0 <= 15
15 <= 25
25 <= 35
35 <= 100 kW
n = 119
0 <= 15
15 <= 25
25 <= 35
35 <= 100 kW
n = 486
Schleswig-Holstein
Hamburg
Niedersachsen
Bremen
Nordrhein-Westfalen
Hessen
Rheinland-Pfalz
Baden-Württemberg
Bayern
Saarland
Berlin
Brandenburg
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Sachsen
Sachsen-Anhalt
Thüringen
Hackgutanlage
Kaminofen
Pelletanlage
Scheitholzanlage
n = 1000 BavariaGermany: Distribution of small solid biomass boilers: Source: MAP Evaluation 2007/2008
● Heat Plants■ CHP Plants
Development of Prices for different Fuels
Biomass Heat Plant - System
heat exchanger
Biomass- BoilerWaste gas-preperation
Pump
Heating plant
Heating
Water-boiler
Accepter
supply network Primary Secundary
Biomass Heat Plant - System
Biomass plant with wood chip bunker
Different heat sinks with different annual curve and peak load
2100
800
hours per year
1.000 5.000 6.000 7.000 8.0002.000 3.000 4.000
Biomass Heat Plant - System
Peak load
Peak load
ground load
ground load
2100
800
hours per year1.000 5.000 6.000 7.000 8.0002.000 3.000 4.000
Biomass Heat Plant - System
Biomass Heat Plant – Economics
Recommendations (medium + large scale 0,5-5MW)
► at least 2.500 h full load for the biomass boiler
► more than 80 % heat production from biomass
► total invest < 7,5 * the current receipts for heat p.a.
► minimal proportion of heat demandto pipe length: 1,5 MWh/(m*a)
► example: 1 km of heat pipe should transport at least 1.500 MWh of heat to the clients;
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
1.400
1.600
030
060
090
012
0015
0018
0021
0024
0027
0030
0033
0036
0039
0042
0045
0048
0051
0054
0057
0060
0063
0066
0069
0072
0075
0078
0081
0084
0087
00
Stunden des Jahres
Structure of Costs for a Biomass Heat Plant
► Capital Investment (amount of annuity)► Investment for building (heating house, bunker, chimney) and heat pipe► wood chip fired boiler; fossil boiler for peak demand ► hydraulic systems, control technology ► pumps, compressor and other components► installation and commissioning► technical planning and design, building permission
► Consumption bound Costs► wood chips, heating gas oil, natural gas; ► electricity waste management
► Operating and other Costs► manpower costs for maintenance and repair, cleaning ► management, insurances, measurement of fume
Structure of Costs for a Biomass Heat Plant
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2001 2005 2008
Ko
sten
ante
il [
€/M
Wh
]
25 Structure of costs
Fuel costs for biomass: ~ 35 %
Fuel costs for mineral oil: ~ 10 %
Costs for electricity: ~ 3 - 4 %
Capital costs: ~ 40 %
Operating costs: ~ 10%
Costs for waste disposal (wood ash): ~ 1 - 2 %
Content Overview
C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.
Importance of Biomass in Comparison to other Renewable Energy Sources
Solid Biomass - Sources / Markets / Economics /Prices - Best Practise
Conclusions
Biomass Heat Plant in Altdorf near Nuremberg
Characteristics:►Heat demand: 3.000 MWh
► Wood Boiler : 850 kWth.
► Wood chips per year: 1.000 tons
► Replace 280.000 liters of fuel oil
► Clients: school buildings, gyms
public swimming pool intended
bunker
wood chip boiler
Number of Biomass CHP Plants
Number ofBiomass CombinedHeat and Power Plants is increasing continuously
Source: EEG Monitoring Report
40 plants < 0,5 MW el.
100 plants 0,5 – 5 MW el.
70 plants > 5 MW el.
210 plants with ∑ > 1.000 MW el.
Organic Rankine Cycle in Sauerlach near Munich
ORC Cogeneration Plant Sauerlach► heat and power generation
- electric output 480 kW(el.)- two wood chip-fired boilers with 6 MWth.
(4 MWth. ORC+ 2 MWth. ), economizer Ø 0,7 MWth.
- heating-/plant-oil boiler (peak load) 4 MWth.
- second (peak load) heating-oil boiler 5 MWth.
- electricity : ~2.500 MWh/a; heat: ~20.000 MWh/a- fuel need amount: 8.000 - 10.000 tons per year
► ~ 80% of heat production from biomass► planned in 2011: connection to geothermal plant
with 4MWth.
Organic Rankine Cycle in Sauerlach near Munich
ORC Cogeneration plant Sauerlach► utilisation of heat: 460 customers (from 12 kW up to
1 MWth.) in industrial area, housing estates, and communal buildings; ∑ (peak) load of the heat consumers 15,6 MW; pipeline length 23 km► investment costs until now
> 17.000.000,- incl. € 2.700.000,- state grants ► first idea in 1996, “sightseeing” in Austria in 1997► calculation, heat pricing and working out contracts in 1998/99► Customer acquisition and partial finance solution in 2000► detailed planning, apply for sponsoring and contracts in 2001► First groundbreaking in 2/2002; first heat supply in 9/2002 !!
Best Practice – Big Biomass CHP Plant
Combined heat and power plant Pfaffenhofen 26,7 MW FWL heat input
40.000 MWh el. electric power generation
120.000 MWh th. (low pressure steam and heat from 45° up to 130°C
for foodstuffs industry, brewery, hospital, offices, 150 clients...)
70.000 tons of natural biomass (up to 1.000 m3 per day)
Length of heatpipe: more than 12 km, Invest 41 Mio.€
Production Of Wood Chips
Source: IPF, Univ. of Karlsruhe THSource: www.haeckselzug.de
► From forestry residues in the Forest► Smaller entire trees or ► Smaller parts (treetops) of larger trees
Solid fuels „Production“ from Industrial Wood Residues
Source: Ass. of timber industry inBaden Württemberg, Germany
Sawdust
Crooked boles
Strands
Solid Fuels „Production“ from Wooden Garden Waste
Rotating screen machine in a
composting plant
Waste material from nature conservation
Source: Komptech
Professional preparation in one step with low speed shredder and star screen
Solid fuels „Production“ from wooden garden waste
Heat from Biomass – Biogas Plant
Schematic View on a Biogas Plant
Source: Biogas - an Introduction; FNR
Number of Biogas Plants in Germany
Source: German Biogas Association
Number of German Biogas Plants
Cumulative installed electrical capacity
Renewable Energy Source Act - 2009
Payment for Electricity from Biogas in Germany
Source: Biogas - an Introduction; FNR
Biogas Plant, Irlbach
● feeder, 2 digestors (2 * 1850 m³)• 1 storage (4000 m³)• CHP (530 kWe) + transformer• heat is used in a castle and for drying wood chips• substrates:
-farm slurry (sometimes)-distiller's wash (sometimes)-maize silage (20 tons/d)-grass silage (5 tons/d)-wheat (only corn) (1 ton /d )-wheat (whole crop) (4 tons/d)
Number of Biomethane Plants in Germany
Regional distribution of realized
and projected biomethane plants in
Germany; about 50 plants in 2010
(Source: www.biogaspartner.de)
Final Arguments for Heat from Biomass
regional added value and conservation of rural structures/employment
less environmental damage in case of accident
saving of fossil resources (we are running out of supplies)
reduction of emissions CO2
technically mature
short transport distances (versus oil and natural gas)
reduced dependence on the fossil fuel market
new market for otherwise unused fuels
new operation field for companies
Content Overview
C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.
Importance of Biomass in Comparison to other Renewable Energy Sources
Solid Biomass - Sources / Markets / Economics / Prices - Best Practise
Conclusions
Possible Conclusions I
General Conditions in Ireland: Very few forest areas - in average up to 10% of total area - Promotion program for reafforestation from the EU; Timber harvest: 2008: 3,5 mio. m3 per year. Aim: 10 mio. m3 in 2030 Infrastructure (road network) is not yet fully developed , which is
relevant for harvest and transportation costs; Timber Industry is developing and growing
Economic Circumstances Prices for natural gas ? Prices for heating gas oil ? Debate on peat
Possible Conclusions II
Biomass heat plants: In regions without natural gas main and high demand for heat e. g.: hospitals, homes for the aged, public swimming pools, school
buildings, gymnasiums, playschools, offices, town halls, monasteries, hotels and restaurants etc.
the development of biomass heat plants should be proved !
CHP, Combined heat and power plants depending on prices for electricity from Renewable Sources (EEG?) should not be projected without heat sink or demand for steam in the
surrounding (max. 10 km) area of the plant, for example: any kind of food industries (brewery, creamery, slaughterhouse,
cannery etc.), drying plants for animal food, sludge and plants for pellet production, timber industries
Possible Conclusions III
Most important aim: ► The substitution of oil, natural gas and peat with ► local wood residues such as sawdust, ► wood chips from treetops etc. and ► bark originating from the forestry and timber industries by developing biomass heat and CHP plants in the near of heat sinks► Development of biogas plants near to heat sinks► Plants fed on available agricultural raw materials and residues such as slurry, straw and biowaste.
leading to economic and environmental benefits for the population of Ireland.
ÖNorm M 7133
Wood chip drying by heat from biogas – BEST PRACTICE!
Heat from Biomass
Christian Letalik (Engineer of Agriculture)
C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.www.carmen-ev.de
Thank you for your attention !