Energy Engineering lecture 7 [modalità compatibilità]

ENGLISH Lecture n.7 22/04/2020

Prof.ssa Elena INTORCIA 1

ENGLISH COURSE

Prof.ssa

Elena INTORCIA

� Microlanguage: Green cities – Eco projects

� Grammar Revision: The future

� Improving writing skills from English for

Me, Section 8:

Using linkers + Essay writing



EARTH DAY

GREEN CITIES



AN INTRODUCTION

Why is green living very important?

The sustainability of energy resources is important for the survival of our future generations. Going green is the only solution for a better tomorrow.

There are many cities across the world where many

hectares of land allotted for green spaces, rely more on

renewable energy sources, choose cycling or walking over

cars and active involvement in recycling processes.

https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/top-10-eco-friendly-cities-around-the-world/53998/

Can you

make a guess

about them?

Can you

make a guess

about them?



Reykjavik, Iceland

Vancouver, Canada

Helsinki, Finland

Cape Town, South Africa



San Francisco, California

Portland, Oregon

Berlin, Germany

Stockholm, Sweden



Amsterdam, Netherlands

Copenhagen,

Denmark

Today, more than half of the world’s population

lives in cities. As the urban population grows

and the effects of climate change worsen, our

cities have to adapt. It’s time for us to invest in

efficiency and renewable energy, rebuild our

cities, towns, municipalities and states.

Cities need to accelerate their transition to a

cleaner, healthier, and more economically

viable future through improvements in

efficiency, investments in renewable

technology, and regulation reform.



“Green cities” all over the world are aiming at achieving these goals. Some examples are Masdar City, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Fujisawa, in Japan.

Visit the following websites and find information about the mission, features and connection to the environmental sustainability of these two green cities.

http://www.masdar.ae/https://fujisawasst.com/EN/

https://fujisawasst.com/EN/movie/

Masdar city, U.A.E.



Fijisawa, Japan



On the basis of what you’ve just seen and read, which features make a city «green» or «eco-friendly»?

� Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by promoting walking and cycling,

but also the use of public transport.

� Buying local food – growing your own vegetables.

� Improving waste management.

� Using renewable energy sources.

� Reducing energy consumption.

� Replacing fossil fuels.

FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITY

� Find information aboutenvironmental projects in Italy and/or abroad.

� Some examples are CAT(Centre for Alternative Technology) in Powys, Wales and the Eden Project, Cornwall, England.



C.A.T.

Centre for

Alternative

Technology

Powys, Wales

CAT

activities

location

mission

https://www.cat.org.uk/



CAT is a leading eco-center located in Powys, Wales.

People at CAT offer solutions to some of the most serious

challenges facing our planet and the human race, such as

climate change, pollution and the waste of precious

resources.

They demonstrate practical ways of addressing these

problems and focus on every aspect of the average

lifestyle – especially renewable energy, environmental

building, energy efficiency, organic growing and

alternative sewage systems.



CAT promotes its ideas in a variety of ways. Its Visitor Centre is open seven days a week. Interactive displays show global issues such as energy generation and transport, and practical, everyday solutions for everyone.

CAT also runs a free information service, answering enquiries on a massive range of topics by phone, letter or email, five days a week. For bigger projects, there is also a consultancy service.



CAT is situated on

the hills of Wales.

If you go by bike or

public footpath, you

will receive a

discount off your

ticket price.

If you don’t want to

walk up the hill, you

can take the cliff

railway, with two

carriages, that uses

only water power

from a lake at the top

of the hill.

This railway, with

only two carriages,

only uses water

power; a lake at the

top of the cliff

supplies water for

the railway.



CAT is a great place to learn new things, for all ages. A range

of residential courses is run there - from weekends to a

yearlong MSc. Its dedicated Education Department arranges

school trips to CAT, which can be tied in with the National

Curriculum.



They also publish books on

various “green” topics, and sell

eco-books and products through

a shop and mail order service.

The Media Department is

available for all kinds of press

enquiries.

There is a small community living at the Centre, experimenting with different ways of living, putting cooperative and environmental ideas into action.



Through positive example and promotion of effective solutions, they try to inspire people to lessen their impact on the world in the same ways they have for more than 30 years.

The role of CAT is to explore and demonstrate a wide range

of alternatives, communicating to other people the options

for them to achieve positive change in their own lives.

This communication involves:

� inspiring - instilling the desire to change by practical

example

� informing - feeding the desire to change by providing

the most appropriate information

� enabling - providing effective and continuing support to

put the change into practice.



THE EDEN PROJECT

The Eden Project is located near the sea in Cornwall, England, in a valley that was once a quarry. It is nestled in a huge crater.



It has two gigantic

domes – a

tropical and a

Mediterranean

one – with plants

from around the

world.

These massive Biomes

housing the largest

rainforest in captivity,

stunning plants,

exhibitions and stories

serve as a backdrop to

striking contemporary

gardens, summer concerts

and exciting year-round

family events.



Visitors can see

even amazing

architecture and

sculptures at Eden,

like the WEEE

(Waste Electrical

and Electronic

Equipment) Man

sculpture showing

all the waste we

produce when

throwing away

electronic

gadgets.

The Eden Project, an educational charity, tries to connects us with each other and the living world, exploring how we can work towards a better future.

Money raised supports the transformational projectsand learning programmes.

https://www.edenproject.com/



ACTIVITIES

Answer these questions, then use your answers to prepare a short presentation about either CAT or the Eden Project.

1. What is CAT?

2. What does it do?

3. How does it promote its ideas?

4. Is people’s support important? Why/Why not?

5. Visit CAT’s website - http://www.cat.org.uk/ - then find out more information you consider relevant for our environment and explain why.

6. Do you believe anything similar to CAT could be done in Italy? Why/Why not?

7. What is the Eden Project?

8. What kind of activities are carried out there?

9. Browse the Eden Project’s website

http://www.edenproject.com/ and note down any

information you consider relevant.

10.What are the similarities or the differences between CAT

and the Eden project?

11.Which one do you prefer? Why?

12.Are there any environmental projects close to where you

live? Briefly describe them.



Grammar

Revision

Past Continuous vsPast Perfect vs PastPerfect Continuous

TRANSLATE

1. L’aereo era già partito quando il passeggero raggiunse l’aeroporto.

2. Gli studenti avevano aspettato in aula per più di mezz’ora quando il professore finalmente arrivò.

3. I viaggiatori avevano sempre desiderato esplorare nuove terre.

4. Per quanto tempo aveva studiato il russo prima di trasferirsi a Mosca?

5. I bambini stavano facendo i compiti quando tornai a casa.



GRAMMARREVISION

Future

Tenses

FUTURE TENSES



PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Si usa generalmente per indicare eventi futuri giàorganizzati o stabiliti e per accordi presi tra persone.

Solitamente si riferisce ad un futuro vicino ed i verbi

coniugati al Present Continuous esprimono attività o

movimento.

• I'm meeting my mother at the airport tomorrow.

• Our grandparents are visiting us this Christmas.

• I'm playing tennis with Jane after classes today.

• My sister's going to the dentist tomorrow.

•Are you doing anything on Sunday morning?

TIP

Di solito si usa il Present Continuous per fare domande su programmi per il tempo libero.

Cosa fai/devi fare sabato?

What are you doing on Saturday?



BE GOING TO

Si usa be going to + forma base del verbo per un

progetto futuro, intenzioni o per una previsione basata

su un fatto presente.

� I’m going to be an engineer.

� We’re going to spend our Christmas holidays in Paris.

� Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain!

PRESENT CONTINUOUS VS BE GOING TO

Di solito si usa be going to per parlare di intenzioni future e

il Present Continuous per parlare di qualcosa che è più di

una semplice intenzione. Talvolta, però, non è chiaro se una

cosa è un’intenzione o un accordo già preso. In tal caso la

differenza di significato tra i due tempi è minima.

I’m going to have a pizza tonight.

I’m having a pizza tonight.

Ho intenzione di mangiare

una pizza stasera.



TIP

Anche quando si parla di qualcosa di organizzato o stabilito, di solito si usa il be going to e non il present continuous quando ci si sposta per andare a fare qualcosa, specialmente con il verbo see.

Questo fine settimana andiamo a trovare i miei cugini.

We’re going to see my cousins at the weekend.

PRESENT SIMPLE

Si usa generalmente per indicare eventi prestabiliti,

calendarizzati (non controllabili da noi).

We have a lesson next Monday.

The train arrives at 6.30 in the morning.

The holidays start next week.

It is my birthday tomorrow.



WILL

Per fatti futuri, previsioni, intenzioni, offerte e decisioni

prese nel momento in cui si parla, si usa: will + forma

base del verbo.

(will not/won’t + forma base del verbo per la forma

negativa).

We’ll be away for two weeks.

I’ll have the steak, please. NON I have the steak.

I’ll see you tomorrow. NON I see you tomorrow.

FUTURE IN THE PAST

Un’azione che avviene nel passato, ma dopo un verbo di dire, narrare, riferire, raccontare, si rende in inglese con il condizionale semplice (would + forma base del verbo) e non passato.

Es.: Il mio amico disse che sarebbe venuto con la macchina.

My friend said he would come by car.



TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH

1. I miei amici americani verranno a casa il prossimo fine settimana.

2. Penso che la prossima estate sarà molto calda.

3. Spero di avere abbastanza soldi per comprare un nuovo cellulare a fine mese.

4. Davide e i suoi amici di università studieranno insieme tutto il pomeriggio.

5. Carla e Giulio si sposano a maggio.

6. Anna ha detto che avrebbe iniziato l’università a settembre.

COMPARING AND CONTRASTING

COMPARATIVES



Comparative of majority

La Fisica è più difficile dell’inglese.

Physics is harder than English.

hard: difficile più difficile: harder

easy: facile più facile: easier

involving: coinvolgente

più coinvolgente: more involving

La Fisica è difficile quanto l’inglese.

Physics is as hard as English.

La Fisica è meno difficile dell’inglese.

Physics is less difficult than English.

Comparative of equality

Comparative of minority

as + adjective + as

less + adjective + than



La Fisica è la materia più difficile.

Physics is the most difficult subject.

Relative superlative

the most + adjective

L’inglese è la materia più facile.

English is the easiest subject.

the + adjective-est

La Fisica è molto difficile.

Physics is very difficult.

Absolute superlative

very + adjective

L’inglese è la materia meno difficile.

English is the least difficult subject.

Relative superlative

the least + adjective



PART 8

Compositionskills

Using linkers

SYNTAX AND WORD ORDER

La proposizione, in inglese, è strutturata secondo un ordine

piuttosto preciso:

subject + verb + object + manner + place + time

� il soggetto, che deve essere sempre espresso

� verbo

� oggetto

� modo e mezzo, cioè le parole che dicono “come” (very well, by

bus, with you, etc.)

� luogo, cioè le parole che dicono “dove” (at school, at home, from

Italy, etc..)

� tempo, cioè le parole che dicono “quando” (in 2018, tomorrow, at 5

pm, etc.)



USINGLINKERS

USING LINKERS

She didn't have John’s phone number. She didn't telephone

him.

She didn't have John’s phone number, so she didn't telephone

him.

Writer’s purpose Transitional word



Although the rain was falling heavily, they continued with the

football match.

The rain was falling heavily. They continued with the football

match.

The first computers were huge. Today they are quite

small.

The first computers were huge, while today they are

quite small.



It was raining. We had to wait.

We had to wait because it was raining.

It was raining; therefore, we had to wait.





Join each pair of sentences. Be careful where you

put the words in brackets.

1. Dave smokes. He seems to be in good health

(although)

2. I couldn’t sleep. I was tired. (despite)

3. Max didn’t notice the sign. It was right in front of

him (even though)

4. Kate never learnt Spanish. She lived in Spain for

many years (although)

5. Joe is a millionaire. He hates spending money.

(despite)

REWRITE THESE SENTENCES.

1. I couldn’t sleep although I was tired. (despite)

2. Although he has got an English name, he is in fact German. (despite)

3. In spite of her injured foot, she managed to walk to the village. (although)

4. I decided to accept the job although the salary was low. (in spite of)

5. We lost the match although we were the better team.(despite)



Section 8

IMPROVING

WRITING SKILLS

Essay writing

ESSAY WRITING

An essay has the same parts as a paragraph:

- an introduction,

- a support

- a conclusion.

Introduction

Support(topic sentences)

Conclusion

The introductiongives the topic (what the essay is about) and the thesis statement (the writer’s attitude or idea about the topic).

The thesis statement is usually the last sentence of the introduction.



The introduction typically begins by introducing the

general idea of the topic and narrows to the specific idea

of the thesis statement. This is why the latter is usually the

last sentence of the introduction.

General idea of topic

Ideas narrow

Thesis statement

THE PARTS OF A PARAGRAPH

A paragraph is a small unit of writing that focuses on one

idea. It generally has 3 parts:

1. a topic sentence (the main idea in the paragraph,

including the topic and the controlling idea, that is the

writer’s attitude about the topic);

2. a support (it explains, describes or develop the main idea

of the topic sentence);

3. a conclusion (it usually summarizes or comments on the

main idea).



WRITINGPRACTICE

Written test

Climate change is a big environmental problem that has become critical in last couple of decades. Some people claim that humans should stop burning fossil fuels and use only alternative energy resources, such as wind and solar power. Others say that oil, gas and coal are essential for many industries, and not using them will lead to economic collapse. What is your opinion?

Support your point of view with relevant examples.(about 150-200 words)



1. Vivo in questa città da circa sei mesi, dallo scorso settembre.

2. Generalmente vengo all’università in macchina, ma stamattina sono venuto a piedi.

3. Ho visitato molti paesi stranieri finora, ma non sono mai stato in Giappone.

4. Domenica vado con gli amici a vedere una partita di calcio allo stadio.

5. Quali corsi stai seguendo in questo semestre?

Documents

Energy Engineering lecture 7 [modalità compatibilità]