Energy Efficient Streetlights and Outdoor Lighting Workshop Presented by George A. Woodbury On Behalf of Turtle Creek Valley Council of Governments & Pennsylvania

Energy Efficient Energy Efficient Streetlights and Streetlights and Outdoor Lighting Outdoor Lighting

WorkshopWorkshopPresented byPresented by

George A. WoodburyGeorge A. WoodburyOn Behalf of On Behalf of

Turtle Creek Valley Council of Turtle Creek Valley Council of Governments & Pennsylvania League of Governments & Pennsylvania League of

Cities and MunicipalitiesCities and Municipalities

Goal - To Create an Goal - To Create an Understanding of:Understanding of:

Effective Street LightingEffective Street Lighting Understanding the Utility Company RolesUnderstanding the Utility Company Roles Designing System ChangesDesigning System Changes Management of Street LightsManagement of Street Lights Available ResourcesAvailable Resources

Street LightingStreet Lighting

Public Safety/Security PerceptionsPublic Safety/Security Perceptions Increase CommerceIncrease Commerce Lighting Lighting

Effects-asthetics/architecturalEffects-asthetics/architectural Public DemandPublic Demand

Available TechnologiesAvailable Technologies

IncandescentIncandescent Mercury VaporMercury Vapor High Pressure SodiumHigh Pressure Sodium Metal HalideMetal Halide Pulse Start Ceramic Metal HalidePulse Start Ceramic Metal Halide Induction/FluorescentInduction/Fluorescent Light Emitting Diode-LEDLight Emitting Diode-LED Induction/Plasma Metal Halide-LuximInduction/Plasma Metal Halide-Luxim

Terms And DefinitionsTerms And Definitions LumensLumens Lumen MaintenanceLumen Maintenance Color Rendition IndexColor Rendition Index Correlated Color TemperatureCorrelated Color Temperature EfficacyEfficacy Cut-offCut-off IESNA - Illuminating Engineering Society of IESNA - Illuminating Engineering Society of

North AmericaNorth America

LumensLumens Measure of the total light output of a light sourceMeasure of the total light output of a light source Measured in a sphereMeasured in a sphere Unit of measure-CandelaUnit of measure-Candela Measure of light level on a surface-footcandle or Lux Measure of light level on a surface-footcandle or Lux

= candela/meter squared= candela/meter squared

Lumen MaintenanceLumen Maintenance

Lumen MaintenanceLumen MaintenanceIncan-Incan-descendescen

tt

MercurMercury y

VaporVaporMVMV

High-High-pressure pressure Sodium Sodium

HPSHPS

Metal Metal Halide Halide

MHMH

Pulse Pulse Start Start

CeramicCeramicMHMH

InductionInduction LEDLED

WattageWattage 100w100w 100w 100w (131)(131)

100w 100w (117)(117)

100w 100w (121)(121)

100w100w 100w100w 100w100w

Initial LumensInitial Lumens 800800 43004300 96009600 86008600 90009000 80008000 3100-3100-6900*6900*

Mean LumensMean Lumens 800800 3700370086% @ 86% @ 4000 4000 hrshrs

8550855089% @89% @15,000 15,000

hrshrs

64506450 67506750 59455945 74% @ 74% @ 65,000 65,000

hrshrs

Mean time to Mean time to Failure Hrs.Failure Hrs.

1200-1200-40004000

24,00024,000 24,00024,000 16,00016,000 20,00020,000 100,000100,000 100,00100,0000

Color Rendition Index-Color Rendition Index-CRICRI

Relative ability of a light source to match the Relative ability of a light source to match the color rendering of a standard reference sourcecolor rendering of a standard reference source

*Coated lamps provide higher CRI*Coated lamps provide higher CRI CRI impacts on night visionCRI impacts on night vision

Incan-Incan-descedesce

ntnt

Mercury Mercury VaporVapor

HPSHPS LPSLPS MHMH CeramiCeramic MHc MH

InductionInduction LEDLED

100100 20-45*20-45* 2121 00 65-65-70*70*

85-9285-92 70-8270-82 68-68-8080

Night Vision BasicsNight Vision Basics

Rods and ConesRods and Cones Rods-night vision-visual purpleRods-night vision-visual purple Cones-daylight vision-three typesCones-daylight vision-three types

Scotopic-Mesopic-Photopic VisionScotopic-Mesopic-Photopic Vision Pupil Lumens affect of light wavelength Pupil Lumens affect of light wavelength

on pupilon pupil Affect of color on visual effectivenessAffect of color on visual effectiveness

Scotopic to Photopic Scotopic to Photopic VisionVision

.034 <.034 <cd/m² cd/m²

.31 Fc<.31 Fc<

>. 034 >. 034 <.34 cd/m²<.34 cd/m².31>3.1 Fc.31>3.1 Fc

>.34 >.34 cd/m² cd/m² 3.1Fc3.1Fc

Wavelength SensitivityWavelength Sensitivity

Photopic Sensitivity Photopic Sensitivity

Correlated Color Correlated Color Temperature-CCTTemperature-CCT

Measured inMeasured inDegrees KelvinDegrees Kelvin

Warm to CoolWarm to Cool 2800⁰ to 5000⁰2800⁰ to 5000⁰

EfficacyEfficacy

Measure of Lumens per watt of Measure of Lumens per watt of powerpower

Not a measure of system efficiencyNot a measure of system efficiency Useful lumens-system efficacyUseful lumens-system efficacy GlareGlare Maximum possible RGB efficacy 400 Maximum possible RGB efficacy 400

lm/W or source efficacy of 200 lm/Wlm/W or source efficacy of 200 lm/W

CALiPER ROUND 7 SUMMARY CALiPER ROUND 7 SUMMARY System Efficacies-Streetlights System Efficacies-Streetlights

IESNA LM-79-IESNA LM-79-08 -25ºC 08 -25ºC ambient ambient

temperaturetemperatureTEST TEST

IDID

Total Total Power Power

(Watts)(Watts)

Output Output (initial (initial

lumens)lumens)Efficacy Efficacy (lm/W)(lm/W) CCT (K)CCT (K) CRICRI

Power Power FactorFactor

SSL StreetlightSSL Streetlight 08-10708-107 5555 10281028 1919 1462814628 7474 0.930.93




SSL StreetlightSSL Streetlight 08-11108-111 9595 31053105 3333 31013101 7272 0.990.99HPS Streetlight HPS Streetlight Benchmark Benchmark 08-11208-112 117117 65406540 5656 20422042 2121 0.440.44Fluorescent Fluorescent Induction Induction StreetlightStreetlight 08-152*08-152* 67-7167-71 3695-39603695-3960 52-5952-59 39063906 7575 0.960.96Fluorescent Fluorescent Induction Induction StreetlightStreetlight 08-15308-153 70-7170-71 3234-35613234-3561 46-5046-50 42534253 7777 .99.99

Light PollutionLight Pollution

Night Sky ConcernsNight Sky Concerns Light TrespassLight Trespass Full Cut-off, Cut-off, Semi Cut-offFull Cut-off, Cut-off, Semi Cut-off

Emerging TechnologiesEmerging Technologies

Induction--- >Induction--- >

LED --------------------------------------- > LED --------------------------------------- >

Plasma--------- >Plasma--------- >

InductionInduction Electrode-less FluorescentElectrode-less Fluorescent Proven technology since mid 1990’sProven technology since mid 1990’s Limited WattagesLimited Wattages Output at low temperaturesOutput at low temperatures Cost Cost Two primary manufacturersTwo primary manufacturers Patent infringement issuesPatent infringement issues Fixture DesignFixture Design

LEDLED Temperature and forward current Temperature and forward current

critical to life expectancycritical to life expectancy Focus advantageFocus advantage GlareGlare CostCost Efficacy, CRI and CCTEfficacy, CRI and CCT Fixture DesignFixture Design

Life Cycle CostsLife Cycle Costs EnergyEnergy Capital InvestmentCapital Investment MaintenanceMaintenance

First CostFirst Cost Frequency of service requirementsFrequency of service requirements Cost of service callCost of service call Lumen depreciationLumen depreciation

ObsolescenceObsolescence

Life Cycle ComparisonLife Cycle ComparisonAnnual Costs-Assume 18 Year CycleAnnual Costs-Assume 18 Year Cycle

IncandIncand MVMV HPSHPS MH MH (Pulse)(Pulse) InductionInduction LEDLED

First CostFirst Cost $185$185 $185$185 $185$185 $209$209 $450$450 $650$650

MTF* Hrs.MTF* Hrs.40004000 24,00024,000

++24,000+24,000+ 16,00016,000 100,000100,000 70,000?70,000?

Req’d Req’d Wattage**Wattage** 650650 296296 117117 117117 7070 7878

Maint. & Maint. & Depr.Depr. $93.28$93.28 $35.29$35.29 $34.39$34.39 $68.11$68.11 $29.98$29.98 $54.78$54.78

EnergyEnergy $399.7$399.755

$182.04$182.04 $71.96$71.96 $55.35$55.35 $43.05$43.05 $48.89$48.89

TotalTotal $493.0$493.033

$217.3$217.333

$106.3$106.344

$123.46$123.46 $73.03$73.03 $102.75$102.75

*Mean Time to Failure **Includes Ballast Wattage*Mean Time to Failure **Includes Ballast Wattage

Assumptions:Assumptions:Energy @ $.15Energy @ $.15Labor/equipment cost per trip- $88.00Labor/equipment cost per trip- $88.00Not included inflation or cost of moneyNot included inflation or cost of moneyAssume Percentage Failure based on MTFAssume Percentage Failure based on MTFStandard mast arm and cobra-head on utility Standard mast arm and cobra-head on utility polepole100W equivalent100W equivalent

Utility Billing & Utility Billing & ChallengesChallenges

Based on mathematical algorithmBased on mathematical algorithm Lamp wattageLamp wattage

Dusk to dawn tablesDusk to dawn tables Equally dividedEqually divided

Annual operating hrs-typically ≈4100-4200Annual operating hrs-typically ≈4100-4200 Maintenance and depreciationMaintenance and depreciation Tariff filingTariff filing Non standard lightsNon standard lights

Designing and Upgrading Designing and Upgrading Your SystemYour System

Project goalsProject goals RP-8 guidelinesRP-8 guidelines

Lamp type iso-foot candle distributionLamp type iso-foot candle distribution

Pole height/spacingPole height/spacing Cost considerationsCost considerations

First costFirst cost Life cycle costsLife cycle costs

Energy costs-metered/ummeteredEnergy costs-metered/ummetered

Lighting ConsiderationsLighting Considerations

Street LightingStreet Lighting Primarily pedestrian and auto safetyPrimarily pedestrian and auto safety Linear distributionLinear distribution

Outdoor LightingOutdoor Lighting Parking lots, parks, pedestrian ways, Parking lots, parks, pedestrian ways,

downtown areasdowntown areas Both pedestrian safety and aestheticsBoth pedestrian safety and aesthetics Enhance CommerceEnhance Commerce

Distribution PatternsDistribution Patterns

F Type III

Modifying Existing Modifying Existing SystemsSystems

Map system-capture attributesMap system-capture attributes IESNA guidelinesIESNA guidelines Standardize lighting levelsStandardize lighting levels Adjacent land useAdjacent land use Route classificationRoute classification Any special considerationsAny special considerations Lamp typeLamp type Goals-New ConstructionGoals-New Construction

IESNA GuidelinesIESNA GuidelinesRoadway

Classification Ped. Conflict Area Avg. LuminanceUniformity Lavg/Lmin

Uniformity Lmax/Lmin

High 1.2 3.0 5.0

Major Medium 0.9 3.0 5.0

Low 0.6 3.5 6.0

High 0.8 3.0 5.0

Collector Medium 0.6 3.5 6.0

Low 0.4 4.0 8.0

High 0.6 6.0 10.0

Local Medium 0.5 6.0 10.0

Low 0.3 6.0 10.0

GoalsGoals

PurposePurpose AffectAffect SafetySafety OtherOther

New or existingNew or existing TechnologiesTechnologies Pole spacing/heightPole spacing/height EconomicsEconomics

Tracking SystemsTracking Systems WirelessWireless

Streetsmarts-GE Los AngelesStreetsmarts-GE Los Angeles Roam Acuity-Halophane-Glendale AZRoam Acuity-Halophane-Glendale AZ Streetlight Intelligence Lumen IQ-Calgary Streetlight Intelligence Lumen IQ-Calgary

CanadaCanada LineLine

Echelon Corporation-San JoseEchelon Corporation-San Jose CapabilitiesCapabilities

MonitoringMonitoring DimmingDimming RelayRelay

Ownership OptionsOwnership Options Existing systems-Utility dependentExisting systems-Utility dependent

Available customer owned tariff?Available customer owned tariff? Purchase price?Purchase price? Economics?Economics? License AgreementLicense Agreement Compliance with applicable safety codes-make Compliance with applicable safety codes-make

ready workready work New Construction-Set municipal guidelinesNew Construction-Set municipal guidelines Solar Solar

George A. WoodburyGeorge A. [email protected]@republicits.comDirector of Energy ServicesDirector of Energy Services

Republic ITSRepublic ITS

Cell 603-320-0466 Fax 978-262-9020Cell 603-320-0466 Fax 978-262-9020

Pennsylvania Utility Pennsylvania Utility CompaniesCompanies

Allegheny Power (West Penn Power) Allegheny Power (West Penn Power) Citizens Electric of LewisburgCitizens Electric of Lewisburg Duquesne Light Company (DQE) Duquesne Light Company (DQE) Pennsylvania Power Company (PennPower) - FirstEnergy Company Pennsylvania Power Company (PennPower) - FirstEnergy Company Metropolitan Edison Company (Met-Ed) - FirstEnergy Company Metropolitan Edison Company (Met-Ed) - FirstEnergy Company Pennsylvania Electric Company (Penelec) - FirstEnergy CompanyPennsylvania Electric Company (Penelec) - FirstEnergy Company

First Energy formally GPU Energy First Energy formally GPU Energy PPL Electric UtilitiesPPL Electric Utilities PECO Energy Company- Exelon CompanyPECO Energy Company- Exelon Company Pike County Light & Power CompanyPike County Light & Power Company UGI Utilities Inc.UGI Utilities Inc. Wellsboro Electric CompanyWellsboro Electric Company

Documents

Energy Efficient Streetlights and Outdoor Lighting Workshop Presented by George A. Woodbury On Behalf of Turtle Creek Valley Council of Governments & Pennsylvania