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7/29/2019 Energy Efficiency Best Practice
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Best Practices and Innovationof Buildings in Malaysia
SEMINAR ON THE PROMOTION ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY ANDCONSERVATION (PROMEEC) FOR BUILDINGS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Hishamudin Ibrahim
Singapore, 24 January 2008
Energy Policy related toEnergy Efficiency
in Malaysia
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Energy Policies Development
Petroleum Development Act 1974
National Petroleum Policy 1975
National Energy Policy 1979
National Depletion Policy 1980
Four-fuel Diversification Policy 1981
RE as 5th Fuel Policy 2001
Kick Start of SREP
National Energy Policy
1 Supply Objective
To ensure the provision of adequate, secure and cost effectiveenergy supply through developing indigenous energy
resources, both non-renewable and renewable energysources using the least-cost option and diversification ofsupply sources both from within and outside the country.
2 The Utilization Objective
To promote the efficientutilization of energy and to discouragewastefulandnon productivepatterns of energy consumption
3 The Environment Objective
To minimize the negative impacts of energy production,transportation, conversion, utilization and consumption on theenvironment.
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5. Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010)
Ensuring sufficiency, security, reliability quality and
cost effectiveness of energy supply Improving the productivity and efficiency of energy
suppliers and promoting market-based approach indetermining energy prices
Reducing the high dependence on petroleum productsby increasing the use ofalternative fuels
Promoting greater use ofRE for power generation andby industries
Intensifying EE initiatives in industrial, transport andcommercial sectors as well as in government buildings
Policy Implementation
Preparation of Legislative Framework
Final draft of Efficient Management of Electrical Energy
Regulations
Appointment of energy managers in energy-intensive
installations
Compulsory submission of annual report on energy
consumption and EE measures implemented
To include EE elements in Uniform Building By-laws
(UBBL)
Reference to MS 1525: Code of Practice on the Use of RE
and EE in Non-Residential Buildings Building Envelope, Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation
System, Lighting
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Policy Implementation
Fiscal Incentives
For Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) providingEE services using Energy Performance Contracting(EPC) Pioneer Status, Investment Tax Allowance
Import duty & Sales Tax Exemption
For companies implementing EE projects for ownbenefit Initially Accelerated Capital Allowance but enhanced to
Investment Tax Allowance under Budget 2006
Import duty & Sales Tax Exemption
Incentives extended to December 2010
Policy Implementation
Examples Of Equipment & Systems Eligible For Incentives
Energy Efficient Equipment & Devices; High efficiency motors (HEM)
Intelligent motor control Variable speed drive (VSD)
Gas heat pump
High efficiency boilers and/or accessories (e.g. economisers,recuperators, superheaters etc.)
Energy Efficiency Technologies & Systems: Thermal Energy Storage
Micro-turbine
Combined heat & power (CHP) systems
Combined cooling, heat & power (CCHP) systems
Renewable Energy Equipment & Systems: Photovoltaic systems
Biomass fired heater
Energy storage systems (for EPS or power quality improvement)
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EE Initiatives
Energy efficient refrigerator campaign
Campaigns for High Efficiency Motors
Energy Month
Policy Implementation
EE Awareness: PublicationEnergy Efficiency And Conservation Guidelines
How to conduct energy adit
Relevant forms
Relevant case studies
Part 1 of the guidelines on electrical energy-use equipment: Promote EE&C activities in Malaysia.
Provide guidelines for industries to establish their respective standards
for efficient use of energy and internal benchmarking.
Encourage industries to use the guideline as a reference document for
energy efficiency and conservation activities/programme.
Reduce the emission of gases that have global warming potentials
through efficient use of energy in equipment.
Energy Audit Guideline for buildings
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Policy Implementation
Energy Audit in Government Buildings
Objective: to create awareness and
disseminate relevant information
regarding energy efficiency (EE)
among the government organizations.
2002: 12 office buildings audited.
2008: Will audit Offices and hospitals
Policy Implementation
EE Demonstration
New office building of the Ministry of
Energy, Water and Communications, builtas a showcase to local developers and
designers to replicate relevant viable
features
Government-led initiatives
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ASEAN Energy Award winners
from Malaysia
Securities Commission
Winner in 2001 AEA under
the New & Existing
Category 8-floor office building with
public facilities (library,
lecture theatre, cafeteria,
auditorium, seminar room)
having air-conditioned area
of 48,500 m
2
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LANDSCAPE
Within the landscape there
are a range of componentsintegrated into the design:
Softscape or planting
Hardscape or paving
Water
FACADE
Externally : The faade comprises a double skin faadewith an 800 mm thermal flue. Green Glass Low E tinted12 mm external with Aluminium cladding.
Internally : Green Glass 8mm with automatic perforatedroller blinds.
Thermal Flue : Horizontal steel grating for maintenancewalkway and shading.
Vertical fixed louvers at 35
angle tilt as shading device
with the buffer zone.
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LIGHTING
A lighting level of500 lux
for the office floors Light fittings selected are of:
Fluorescent fittings, 2louvres c/w air-condreturn slots, 4 x 18WTDL Osram, electronicballast non-dimming (HFDulux Osram 2 x 18W)
with ballast driven powerof 16W per channel/tubeand 2W loss/channel.
AIR CONDITIONING
Low level displacement air-cond for atrium with hot airallowed to stratify the
remaining unoccupied 6 floorsabove for thermostatic venting.Energy savings of 40%compared with conventionaloverhead air-cond.
Underfloor comfort air-cond foroffice floors using ductless anduninsulated floor plenum.
Energy savings of at least 15%compared with conventionaloverhead system.
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MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE
Building Control and Management System (BCMS)integrating BAS and OA system with high level interface tochillers, lifts etc.
Comprehensive maintenance and managementprogrammes. Chiller Optimisation Programme
Maximum Demand Limiting
CO2 sensors for fresh air intake in conjunction with Indoor AirQuality (IAQ) control and outside air enthalpy for energy.
CO sensor for carpark ventilation.
Duty cycling for various selected fans.
Thermostatic controlled fans for all plant rooms
EE PARAMETERS
OTTV 38 W/m2
Energy Efficiency Index:
102 kWh/m/yr (Air-conditioned area)
Lighting load: 13.7 W/m2
Indoor environment
Temperature: 23 +/ 1.5oC
RH: 60 +/- 5%
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
No CFC use or ozone depletion refrigerants, 40
50% reduction on carbon dioxide emissions. An upward air displacement air conditioning
system via the floor void would provide runningcosts 30% - 40% lower than standard.
Low E glass in the building faade avoids highreflectivity to the surrounding.
The double skin faade and roof plant room void
offices acts as not only a climatic buffer to theexternal thermal temperature but to noise pollutionfrom the surrounding high-ways.
KL International Airport
1st runner-up at 2004
AEA on New & Existing
Building Category A 5-storey airport
building comprising of
a main terminal and
satellite building with
total air conditioned
area of 214, 500 m
2
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LIGHTING
Lighting fixtures:
Departure level: metal halide floodlights
Ticket, check-in and information desks: ceiling lightings and
diachronic lamps
Waiting areas: metal halide luminaries
Baggage & reclaim areas:
metal halide downlights
EE PARAMETERS
OTTV < 45 W/m2
Energy Efficiency Index:
230 kWh/m/yr (Air-conditioned area)
Lighting load: 13 W/m2
Indoor environment
Temperature: 23 +/ 1oC
RH: 60 +/- 5%
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ON-SITE DESIGN
Forest In The airport
Walk or catch a free ride
Creature Comfort
AIR CONDITIONING
Air-Conditioning System
The air-conditioning system at MTB comprise of the
air handling units (AHU) for the air side the chill
water side is supplied by other entity namely Gas
District Cooling (GDC) from a plant about 5 km
away. This is a win-win strategy where less energy
& maintenance cost for the building operator and
multiple energy interchangeable at GDC in
producing electrical power.
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AIR CONDITIONING
Thejet nozzle diffuserat departure level (level 5)are installed 3 meter high from floor i.e. occupied
area only. The diffusers are installed at the columnand on top of check-in counters i.e. cooling-occupantefficiency.
Apart from constant air volume (CAV) for concoursearea, variable air volume (VAV) of air handling unit(AHU) also applies to avoid excess cooling capacityat the concessionaires area. CO2 level sensoralsoincluded in the design for passenger air comfort.
Variable speed drive (VSD) varies the motor powerconsumption for the total 6 nos of pumps (2 runningat a time i.e. 1 duty, 1 standby to match the requiredpressure of return chill water to GDC plant, 5 kmaway.
Active Design
Rotunda Door
Escalator & Walkalator
Baggage handling system (BHS)
Building Management System (BMS)
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Passive Design
Maintenance & Management
Control lighting byschedule and photocellsensor
Control of airconditioning system byschedule
Control of comfortconditions and energyconsumption at gate andlounge area basedonload (arrival and
departure schedule).
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TELEKOM MALAYSIA
HEADQUARTERS BUILDING
1st Runner-up in 2005
AEA under New &Existing Category
A 55 storey buildingbuilt to integrate anIntelligent Buildingfeaturing EE buildingcontrol andmanagement systems
with an air-conditionedarea of 114,000 m2
Passive Design
Sky courts shade the facades from
overheating and provide intermediary
social space between office floors
The narrow facades are oriented east and west,
which minimises the buildings direct exposure
to sunlight.
Solar shading in the form of aluminium louvres
and sky courts effectively shade the offices
without compromising daylight penetration.
Windows on the main north and south facades
are set back from the cladding plane which not
only shade the the office space but sculpts the
monolith with consistent slits across.
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Passive Design
SKYGARDENS, A key idea in the concept of the tower design is the inclusion of large openair terraced gardens scaling the heights of the Tower. This development is in response tocurrent ideas about environmentally sensitive architecture, providing natural shade on theeastern and western facades. These gardens will soften the towers external facade andserve as living filters of heat, light and noise for the workers within.The skygardens vary in sizes from 143.10m to 606.36m offer a variety of accessibleexternal spaces for relaxation and informal encounters and discussions, providing animmediately adjacent refuge to combat the day to day stress in this highly technologicalcorporation.
EAST FACING
SKYGARDENS
WEST FACING
SKYGARDENS
OFFICES
OFFICES
CENTRAL
CORE
Passive Design - Consideration ofNatural Ventilation
FIRE STAIRCAE VENTILATION LOUVRES
Natural ventilation in lieu of mech. ventilation
CAR PARK VENTILATION LOUVRES
CAR PARK VENTILATION LOUVRES
Max vent opening area provided above grade to reduce the
capacity of the mech. ventilation fans.
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LIGHTING
Lighting level of500 lux (office)
Lighting fittings
Recessed light fitting c/w 2 x 36 W
fluorescent, colour 84, mirror reflector,
electronic ballast non-dimming type with
a/c return air slots
AIR CONDITIONING
Underfloor Air-Conditioning System. 300 mm deep accessible raised floor.
Conditioned supply air delivered to floor plenum byre-locatable CAM units.
No. of circular swirl floor diffusers located on theraised floor carpet tiles for uniform air distribution.
Perimeter fan powered terminal units with localisedcontrol at the glazing area to adopt to changes insolar cooling loads.
Exhaust air extracted through light fittings at a level
in the ceiling plenum.
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Active Design
UNDERFLOOR AIRCONDITIONING
CUSTOM INDIRECT LIGHTING THE RETURN SYSTEM TO THE CAM UNIT
BUILDING MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
Intelligent Building Management System (IBMS) Energy Management Control System (EMCS) for
a/c High Voltage Monitoring System (SCADA).
Low Voltage and Plumbing Control & MonitoringSystem.
Addressable Lighting Control using C-Bus modules.
Lift Control & Monitoring System
Fire Control Panel & Fire Alarm Control andMonitoring System
Document Conveying System
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EE PARAMETERS
OTTV 42 W/m2
Energy Efficiency Index:
138 kWh/m/yr (Air-conditioned area)
Lighting load: 14.7 W/m2
Indoor environment
Temperature: 23 +/ 1.5oC
RH: 60 +/- 5%
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Environmental Impacts
Ducts and machine plant insulation
Maximising water efficiency
No CFC used for refrigerants
Low E-glass to avoid high reflectivity to
surrounding.
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THE LEO BUILDING
Winner in 2006 AEA under
the New & Existing Category
A 4-storey office building of
the Ministry of Energy, Water
and Communications, built as
a showcase of energy
efficiency for future buildings
with an air-conditioned area of17,000 m2
Energy Efficient Design Features (Passive Design)
- Building Envelope
- To minimized heat gain from the sun radiation.
Proper Building Orientation.
- Most windows / glazing facing North and South.
N
North Facade
South Facade
- Less windows facing East and West.
West Facade
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Energy Efficient Design Features (Passive Design)
- Building Envelope contd
Insulation.
- Flat (100mm insulation)
- 2nd Roof (Part of thearchitectural feature which
provide shading).
- Walls
(200 mm Aerated
Light Concreteblocks).
Flat roof
2nd Roof
2nd Roof
Shaded Area under the 2nd Roof
Energy Efficient Design Features (Passive Design)
- Building Envelope contd
Punch Hole Windows (600 - 1000 mm)
- Better shading effect
Without Punch
Windows
WITH Punch
Windows
- Diffuse daylight.
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Energy Efficient Design Features (Passive Design)
- Building Envelope contd
Windows Glazing.
- 12 mm light green glass.
- Shading coefficient = 0.57
Final Laboratory Test !- Visible light trans. = 63.1%.
63.1 %
Provides more
daylight but less heat
Energy Efficient Design Features (Passive Design)
- Building Envelope contd
Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV)
- Max. PJH spec., OTTV : 35 W/m2
- Max. Base Building OTTV : 45 W/m2
(Malaysian Standard - MS1525)
- Actual calculated OTTV by PPC : 31.4 W/m2
OTTV is a calculation to measure the level of heat
absorbed into the building
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Energy Efficient Design Features (Passive Design)
- Building Envelope contd
Use of Natural Ventilation of Fresh Air
at the Atrium
- Use Thermal Flue Chimney Effect.
Thermal Flue
Stack
- Simulation results;Clear sky : 8 10 ACH
Cloudy day : 6 8 ACH
T (Inside Outside) ~ 0.10C
Energy Efficient Design Features (Passive Design)
- Interior Space Layout Design
Most intensive work area near the faade. Less intensive work area at the centre floor area.
DAYLIT
SEMI-DAYLITELECTRIC LIGHT ONLY
Corridor
Room near facadeOpen space towardsfacade
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Energy Efficient Design Features (Active Design)
- Innovative Lighting Design
Two circuit lighting system Internal & Perimeter Circuits
(room near the faade / windows),
- Lights near the windows controlled
by photo sensor (Perimeter circuit).
- All lights in the room controlled byoccupancy sensor (Both circuits).
Light fittings
at PerimeterCircuit
Light fittings
at internal
Circuit
Room near the facade
Energy Efficient Design Features (Active Design)
- Innovative Lighting Design contd
Design luminance level in Offices : 350 lux- Proposed by MS 1525:2001* : 300 400 lux.
- Base design requirement : 500 lux.
* MS 1525:2001 = CODE OF PRACTICE ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND
RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR NON RESIDENTIAL
BUILDINGS)
System integrated with Building Energy
Management system.
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Energy Efficient Design Features (Active Design)
- Air conditioning System
Zoning of cooling and control according to
occupancy and load.
- VAV boxes.- Variable speed drives (VSDs).- Room temperature control sensors
Energy Efficient Design Features (Active Design)
- Air conditioning System
CO2 Sensors & Heat Recovery Heat Wheel
- Helps to reduce cooling load of fresh air intake.
CO2 sensors Heat Recovery Wheel
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Temperature control set point : 24oC.(Acceptable comfort level)
- Base design requirement : 22 - 23oC.
- Proposed by MS 1525:2001* : 23oC 2 6oC
Relative Humidity:
60 +/- 5%
INDOOR CONDITIONS
Energy Efficient Design Features (Active Design)
- Air conditioning System contd
Low Friction Losses design
- Reduces installed Chilled Water
pumps and Fan capacity and
use less energy consumption.
Normal
Max. EE Max.
Air distribution (Air duct) [Pa/m] 1.2 1
Chilled Water piping System [Pa/m] 590 200
Legend:High friction losses use more energy
Low friction losses use less energy
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Energy Efficient Design Features (Active Design)
- Air conditioning System contd
Electronic Air Cleaners.
- Maintain efficient air filtering system.
- Reduce losses due to less dust accumulation.- Improve room air quality.
Recommended by Energy Efficient Office
Equipment Procurement Guidelineby DANIDA
Advantages with EE equipment :- Reduced electricity load.
- Reduced cooling load
Energy Efficient Design Features (Active Design)
- Energy Efficient Office Equipment
Plug LoadsComputer
Monitor
Printer
Copier
Fax
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Energy Efficient Design Features (Active Design)
- Energy Efficient Office Equipment contd
Achieved Total Small Power Density,
- Calculated small power density
design by Putra Perdana Const. = 11.5 W/m2
- Base design requirement = 20.0 W/m2
Socket outlet for other plug
loads
Socket outlet for computers
and printer
Energy Efficient Design Features
- Energy Management System
A comprehensive Energy Management System.- Individual Monitoring of cooling, Lighting,Equipment.
- Continuous monitoring and
optimization.
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Energy Efficient Design Features
- Energy Management System
An Energy Manager has been employed,
- Responsible for efficient operation of buildings
energy-related issues.- Monitor, energy audit & analyzed building
energy consumption.
- Advice to management
to improve EE.
- Had attended Energy Managers ProfessionalTraining Course.
Energy Efficient Design Features
-Additional Features
- (Renewable Energy 3 kWp PV System)
Water wall in the atrium
PV Panels on the roof top
- Demonstrates a small Grid Connected Photo-voltaic
System to power the Water Wall system in the atrium.
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Sustainable Design Features
-Additional Features
-(Rain Water Harvest System)
Rain Water Harvest
Tank on the rooftop
- Demonstrates Rain Water Harvest System from theSecondary Roof.- The collected water used by the Irrigation System.
- Help to reduce water consumption supply by utility.
ENERGY-10 Optimisation
MECM NREL / AutoBuild Shoebox BaseConventional MECM LEO
0
100
200
300
Cooling Lights Other Total
120
64 62
11
93
25
275
100
kWh / m year
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Putrajaya International Convention
Centre (PICC)
Land size: 51 acres
Gross floor area: 134,821 square meters 194 kWh/m2/yr
Design concept
Combination of wau (ancient kite) and the pending perak (silver royal
belt buckle) to portray concept of unity.
Roof structure : folded origami puzzle, designed to protect from the sun
and to channel rainwater effectively.
Generous natural daylight.
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Design concept
Offer world leaders a venue with world-class hospitality andservices to facilitate internationally significant discussions in an
effective manner. Ample space for the largest conventions as well as individual
rooms.
Plenary Hall : 4,302 square meters - 3,000 people.
Banquet Hall is 4,347 square meters
4,500 cocktail style and 2,000 banquet style.
Head of States Hall : 518 square meters -184 theatre styles.
Effective Site Planning & Landscape
Planning Putrajaya is set to be a model garden citywith a sophisticated
information network base on multimedia technologies.
Putrajaya sits on 4,931 hectare spread and about 40% of Putrajaya isdesignated as Green Area such as parks, gardens, open spaces, lake
and wetlands. Beautiful landscape with greenery
creates a fresh and pleasant environment
provides comfort for public to rest around the building.
Considered for fresh air area in the building.
Tropical plants are planted inside and surrounding the building to providecooling effect and environmentally close to nature.
The landscape provides
good shading
a pleasant place for people to have a excellent view, temporarily relax and
wind down after stressful working supply fresh air to car park in the basement.
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Maximization use of daylightby having more glazing for the facades aswell as the use of natural ventilation due to less external pollution.
The east and west elevations have less glass walls toprotecttheconference hall from extreme sunlight.
Walls are made of glass, generous natural daylights will illuminate theauditorium through the raked and shaded windows.
Day lighting
Shading devices
(Aerofoil Aluminium
Sunshade Louvre)
Internal garden
Plenary hall day
lighting system
Air conditioning System
Chilled water supply: Gas District Cooling (GDC)
The cooling install capacity is 12.5 W/m based on airconditioning area. The system includes the following features:
Efficient chilled water circulation and heat recovery wheel system Efficient air distribution with Variable Speed Drive (VSD)
technologies.
Building Control System (BCS) with particular stress on the energymanagement component.
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Heat Recovery Wheel
The Heat Recovery Wheel (HRW) enhances the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
without raising the energy cost. The HRW exchanges stale,
contaminated room air with fresh outdoor air and in the process recoversup to 80% of the energy from the exhaust air and uses it to pre-cool or
pre-heat the supply air.
Thank YouPusat Tenaga Malaysia
No. 2, Jalan 9/10
Persiaran Usahawan
Section 9
43650 Bandar Baru Bangi
Selangor
Website: www.ptm.org.my
E-mail: [email protected]