Endocrine System &

Senses

Rachel Lee & Peter Moon8D

Endocrine System

• controls the chemicals transported throughout the body of an organism

What are Hormones?

“Hormones are chemicals which runs through your body which controls functions.”

Types of hormones:

1. Melatonin: affects process of wake/sleep patterns

2. Cortisol: produced by adrenal glands, helps maintain blood pressure, helps balance insulin

3. Thyroid: circulates blood

4. Adrenaline: produced when stressed, helps increase ability to think mentally

5. Endorphin: is produced at a time of stress, helps to feel pleasure over pain

Hypothalamus• links nervous system with endocrine system, controls

pituitary gland

Pituitary gland• controls other endocrine glands, regulates growth,

blood pressure, water balance

Pineal gland

• produces melatonin, a hormone that affects the modulation of wake/ sleep patterns

Thyroid gland

• controls release of energy from food molecules inside cells

Parathyroid gland

• produce parathyroid hormones, which controls the calcium level

Adrenal gland• release several hormones, like adrenalin

Pancreas• produce insulin and glucagon, which controls glucose

level

Hearing• Outer Ear- external part of ear (gathers sound energy and focuses it on eardrum

• Eardrum-thin membrane which separates external ear from middle (transmits sound from air to middle ear)

• Ear Canal-makes sound softer

• Middle Ear-efficiently transfer acoustic energy from compression waves in air to fluid

• Eustachian Tube-it equalizes air pressure with outside and inside ear

• Inner Ear-converting sound pressure from the outer ear into electrical impulses which are passed on to the brain (auditory nerve).

• “Your ears are in charge of collecting sounds, processing them, and sending sound signals to your brain . ”

Sight•Retina- light sensitive tissue lining the inner surface (captures light rays and convert them into electrical impulses)

•Macula-portion of the retina responsible for central vision

•Optic Nerve-transmits electrical impulses from retina to brain

•Vitreous-thick transparent (allows light to pass so that objects behind can be seen) substances that fills center of the eye

•Cornea-transparent, dome-shaped window covering front of eye (provides 2/3 of focusing power, clear window to look through)

•Iris-colored part of the eye (controls light levels inside the eye)

•Pupil-opening in the center of iris (determines the amount of light that enters the eye)

•“Your eyes are in charge of sending visual signals to the brain so that your body can react to what you see.”

Taste•Tongue-taste, swallowing, producing saliva and assisting in speech. (saliva moistens food, and makes it easier to swallow, digest)•Taste Buds- small nerves on the upper surface of the tongue, (provide information about the taste of food being eaten. )•Circumvallate Papilla- large papillae near back of the tongue (contain taste buds)•Filiform Papilla- abrasive coating (helps give the tongue a cleaning action.)•Fungiform Papilla- at tip of tongue (contain taste buds)

•“Your mouth / tongue lets your body to taste foods and other objects which can be sour, bitter, sweet, salty”

Touch•Hair-protects our bodies from the elements that may harm us, helps regulate heat

•Epidermis- outermost layer of skin which acts as a physical barrier, prevents water loss, and prevents substances into the body.

•Dermis- respiration

•FOUR RECEPTORS : cold, pain, hear, pressure

•The sense of touch lets your skin and body notice the texture, and surface which contact your outer body.

Smell•Limbic system of the brain-controls emotions, pain, and pleasure sensations

•Olfactory system-main olfactory system detects inconstant substances, while the accessory olfactory system senses fluid-phase smell

•Nasal Cavity-it makes the air available for the respiratory system to receive it.

•Olfactory neurons-primary transduction cell in the olfactory system

•“The nose lets us smell scents. The nose is also the main opening to the respiratory system, our body's system for breathing.”

Cushing’s• Cushing’s: Too much cortisol hormones (weakness in muscles, high blood

pressure)

Addison’s Disease• Addison’s: Too little cortisol hormones (weakness in muscles, weight loss)

Hyperthyroidism• Hyperthyroidism: Too much thyroid hormones

Hypothyroidism• Hypothyroidism: Too little thyroid hormones

Pituitary Dwarfism• Pituitary Dwarfism: Too little growth hormones (pituitary gets abnormally small or

grows slow)

Acromegaly• Acromegaly: Too much growth hormones

POP!

• Change in atmospheric pressure

• Eustachian tube = pressure valve

• Opens when pressure changes

• OPENING = POP

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