ENCYCLOPEDIA OF FOOD

SECURITY AND SUSTAINABILITY

EDITORS IN CHIEF

Pasquale Ferranti

University ofNaples 'Federico IV, Portici, Italy

Elliot M. BerryHebrew University Hadassah Medical School Jerusalem, Israel

Jock R. Anderson

University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia

and Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA

VOLUME 2

Food Security, Nutrition and Health

SECTION EDITORS

Regina Birner

University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany

Alessandro Galli

Global Footprint Network, Geneva, Switzerland

Delia Grace

International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

Kathleen Hefferon

Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

Llius Serra-MajemUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain

Pierre SingerTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

ELSEVIER

Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London • New York • Oxford

Paris • San Diego • San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney * Tokyo

CONTENTS OF ALL VOLUMES

Contributors to Volume 2 xix

Editor Biographies xxv

Preface xxix

VOLUME 1

Defining the Concept of Food Value Chain 1

Pascjuale Ferranti

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 6

Pasquale Ferranti

The Political Economy of Food Security and Sustainability 9

Johan Swinnen and Senne Vandevelde

Food Production and Consumption Practices Toward Sustainability: The Role and Vision

of Civic Food Networks 17

Maria Fonte and Maria Grazia Quieti

Population Density and Redistribution of Food Resources 26

Russell Hopfenberg

Implications of Structural Transformation for Food and Nutrition Security 31

Sunniva Bloem

Change in Production Practices: The Role of Agri-Food and Diversified Cropping Systems 36

Sangam L Dwivedi and Rodomiro Ortiz

The Role of Omic Sciences in Food Security and Sustainability 44

Fabio Alfieri

Codex Alimentarius Commission 50

Cindy Cheng

The Concept of Planetary Boundaries 56

Helena Kahiluoto

International Trade's Contribution to Food Security and Sustainability 61

KymAnderson

v

vi Contents of All Volumes

The Food Trade System: Structural Features and Policy Foundations 64

Nelson B Villoria

Virtual Water Trade Among World Countries Associated With Food Trade 74

Carole Dalin and Megan Konar

Food Trade and Global Value Chain 82

Fabio Bartolini

Greenhouse Gas, Livestock and Trade 88

Dario Cam

Global Seafood Trade 93

Jessica A Gephart

Environmental Externalities in Global Trade for Wine and Other Alcoholic Beverages 98

Benedetto Rugani

Nitrogen Embedded in Global Food Trade 105

Luis Lassaletta, Gilles Billen, Josette Gamier, Azusa Oita, Hideaki Shibata, Junko Shindo,

and Kentaro Hayashi

Feeding Urban Areas: Challenges and Opportunities 110

Roberta Sonnino

Agricultural Innovation and the Global Politics of Food Trade 114

Srividhya Venkatararnan, Uzma Badar, and Kathleen Hefferon

Food Aid 122

Kristine Caiafa and Maria Wrabel

Food Emergency Operations in Wars and Conflicts 128

Maria Wrabel and Kristine Caiafa

Food Emergency Operations After Natural Disasters 135

Maria Wrabel and Kristine Caiafa

National Policies and Programs for Food Security and Sustainability 142

Kristine Caiafa and Maria Wrabel

The Role of International Agencies in Achieving Food Security 149

Kesso G van Zutphen, Srujith Lingala, Madhavika Bajoria, Kalpana Beesabaihuni,

and Klaus Kraemer

The Role of the Media in Increasing Awareness of Food Security and Sustainability 165

Pierangelo hernia and Arianna Marcolin

Changing Dietary Patterns as Drivers of Changing Environmental Impacts 172

Michael Clark

The Food Wastage Challenge 178

Nadia El-Hage Scialabba

Competition for Land, Water and Energy (Nexus) in Food Production 187

Stephanie ] E Midgley, Mark New, and Nadine Methner

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Due to Agriculture 196

Francesco Nicola Tubiello

Overuse of Water Resources: Water Stress and the Implications for Food and Agriculture 206

Ertug Ercin

Contents of All Volumes vii

Overuse of Nitrogen Resources 212

Albert Bleeker

Climate Change: Impact on Marine Ecosystems and World Fisheries 218

U Rashid Sumaila

Climate Change and Crop Yields 223

Andrea Toreti, Simona Bassu, Andre] Ceglar, and Matteo Zampieri

Greenhouse Gas and Livestock Emissions and Climate Change 228

Dario Cam

Big Data in Agriculture and Their Analyses 233

Stuti Shrivastava and Amy Marshall-Colon

Food Fraud 238

Delia Grace

Overuse of Phosphorus Resources 249

Rubel Biswas Chowdhury, Nick Milne, and Priyanka Chakraborty

ICT Applications in Agriculture 255

Thomas Daum

Pigmented Grains as a Source of Bioactives 261

Stefania Iametti, Parisa A Abbasi Parizad, Francesco Bonomi, and Mauro Marengo

Novel Foods: New Food Sources 271

Maria Grazia Calabrese and Pasquale Ferranti

New Protein Sources: Novel Foods 276

Di Stasio Luigia

Novel Foods: Artificial Meat 280

Fabio Alfieri

Synthetic Meat: Acceptance 285

Adriana Basile and Pascfuale Ferranti

Novel Foods: Insects - Technology 289

Monica Gatto

Novel Foods: Insects - Safety Issues 294

Monica Gallo

Novel Foods: Algae 300

Monica Gallo

Development of Sustainable Novel Foods and Beverages Based on Coffee By-Productsfor Chronic Diseases 307

Nuria Martinez-Saez and Maria Dolores del Castillo

Byproducts as a Source of Novel Ingredients in Dairy Foods 316

M Iriondo-DeHond, E Miguel, and M D del Castillo

Usefulness of Dietary Components as Sustainable Nutraceuticals for Chronic Kidney Disease 323

Amaia Iriondo-DeHond, Jaime Uribarri, and Maria Dolores del Castillo

Food Taboos 332

Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow

viii Contents of All Volumes

Food By-products as Natural Source of Bioactive Compounds Against Campylobacter 336

Jose M Silvan and Adolfo J Martinez-Rodriguez

New Functional Ingredients From Agroindustrial By-Products for the Developmentof Healthy Foods 351

Sonia Cozzano Ferreira, Adriana Maite Fernandez, Maria Dolores del Castillo Bilbao, and

Alexandra Medrano Fernandez

Vegetable By-products as a Resource for the Development of Functional Foods 360

Antonio Colantuono

Chestnut as Source of Novel Ingredients for Celiac People 364

Annalisa Romano and Maria Aponte

Novel Food Ingredients for Food Security 369

Cristina Chuck-Hernandez, Diana Karina Baigts Allende, and Jiirgen Mahlknecht

Snails (Terrestrial and Freshwater) as Human Food 376

Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow

Novel Techniques for Extrusion, Agglomeration, Encapsulation, Gelation, and Coating of Foods 379

Maria L Zambrano-Zaragoza and David Quintanar-Guerrero

Novel Foods: Allergens 393

Luigia Di Stasio

Sustainable Crops for Food Security: Quinoa (Chenopodium cjuinoa Willd.) 399

Annalisa Romano and Pasquale Ferranti

Challenges of Food Security for Orphan Crops 403

Zerihun Tadele

Sustainable Crops for Food Security: Moringa {Moringa oleifera Lam.) 409

Montesano Domenico, Cossignani Una, and Blasi Francesca

Insects (and Other Non-crustacean Arthropods) as Human Food 416

Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow

Probiotic Food Development: An Updated Review Based on Technological Advancement 422

Daniel Granato, Filomena Nazzaro, Tatiana Colombo Pimentel, Erick Almeida Esmerino, and

Adriano Gomes da Cruz

Food Waste Valorization: New Manufacturing Processes for Long-Term Sustainability 429

Gerrard E J Poinern and Derek Fawcett

Food Process Modeling 434

Olivier Vitrac and Maxime Touffet

Food Supply Chain Demand and Optimization 455

Marco A Miranda-Ackerman and Citlali Colin-Chavez

Separation, Fractionation and Concentration of High-Added-Value Compounds From

Agro-Food By-Products Through Membrane-Based Technologies 465

Roberto Castro-Munoz

Non-thermal and Innovative Processing Technologies 477

Anet Rezek Jambrak

Novel Packaging Systems in Food 484

Lin Lin, Mohamed Abdel-Shafi Abdel-Samie, and Haiying Cui

Contents of All Volumes tx

Green Production Strategies 492

Vineet Kaswan, Mukesh Choudhary, Pardeep Kumar, Sandeep Kaswan, and Pooja Bajya

Conversion of Food Waste to Fermentation Products 501

Muhammad Waqas, Mohammad Rehan, Muhammad Daud Khan, and Abdul-Sattar Nizami

Consumers' Behavior Regarding Food Waste Prevention 510

Konstadinos Abeliotis, Christina Chroni, and Katia Lasaridi

Strategies for Prolonging Fresh Food Shelf-Life 515

Susan Lurie

Food Rescue in Developed Countries 521

Tamara Y Mousa

Food Retail in Developing Countries 530

Matthew Kelly

Income, Time and Labor Nexus Household Food Security in Burundi 534

Sanctus Niragira, Jean Ndimubandi, and Jos Van Orshoven

Gastronomy as an Aid to Increasing people's Food Intake at Healthcare Institutions 540

Agnes Giboreau and Anestis Dougkas

Sensory Evaluation, an Important Tool for Understanding Food and Consumers 546

Henrietta L de Kock

Reducing Inequality as an Opportunity to Improve Food Security 550

Soriano Barbara and Garrido Alberto

Unequal Access to Land: Consequences for the Food Security of Smallholder Farmers in

Sub Saharan Africa 556

Mark T van Wijk, James Hammond, Romain Frelat, and Simon Fraval

VOLUME 2

The Concept of Food Security 1

Wen Peng and Elliot M Berry

Concepts of Stability in Food Security 8

Jock R Anderson

Changing Food Consumption Patterns and Their Drivers 16

John M Kearney

Ruminant (Bovine, Caprine, and Ovine) Milk and Meat Production: The Challenge of Food

Quality and Sustainability Through the Use of Plant Extracts 25

Cristina Castillo, Angel Abuelo, and Joaquin Hernandez

Nutrition and Disease: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 43

Elena Garda-Femdndez and Miguel Leon-Sanz

Nutrition Through the Life Cycle: Pregnancy 49

Eileen C O'Brien, Kit Ying Tsoi, Ronald C W Ma, Mark A Hanson, Moshe Hod, and Fionnuala M McAuliffe

Nutrition Through the Life Cycle: Lactation 75

Ronit Mesilati-Sthay, Pierre Singer, and Nurit Argov-Argaman

Nutrition in the Elderly 82

Yitshal N Berner

x Contents of All Volumes

Nutritional Therapeutics: Neurological Disorders 90

Rosa Burgos and Irene Breton

Nutritional Therapeutics: Bone Diseases 97

Takako Hirota and Kenji Hirota

Nutritional Therapeutics: Rehabilitation After Hospitalization and Trauma, Surgery 103

Hidetaka Wakabayashi

Diets and Diet Therapy: EU Regulations on Food for Special Medical Purposes 109

Estrella Bengio

Diets and Diet Therapy: Oral Nutritional Supplements 113

Lindsey Otten and Kristina Norman

Diets and Diet Therapy: Enteral Nutrition 119

Ricardo Schilling Rosenfeld

Diets and Diet Therapy: Parenteral Nutrition 131

Stefan Muhlebach

Diets and Diet Therapy: Trace Elements 143

Sornwichate Rattanachaiwong and Pierre Singer

Diets and Diet Therapy: Diet Supplements for Exercise 161

James E Clark

Therapeutic Education for Healthy Lifestyle: How to Empower Your Patient and Increase Adherence 171

Joelle Singer

Food Systems Sustainability, Food Security and Nutrition in the Mediterranean Region:The Contribution of the Mediterranean Diet 176

Roberto Capone, Francesco Bottalico, Giovanni Ottomano Palmisano, Hamid El Bilali, and Sandro Dernini

Leveraging Biofortified Crops and Foods: R4D Perspective 181

Ekin Birol and Howarth E Bonis

Nutritional Value of Bovine Meat Produced on Pasture 189

AH Saadoun, Maria Cristina Cabrera, Alejandra Terevinto, Marta del Puerto, and Fernanda Zaccari

Value of Nutrition: A Synthesis of Willingness to Pay Studies for Biofortified Foods 197

Oparinde Adewale and Birol Ekin

Food Systems 206

Paula Momo-Cabrera, Adriana Ortiz-Andrellucchi, and Lluis Serra-Majem

Public Health Nutrition, Preventive Nutrition, Community Nutrition 214

Adriana Ortiz-Andrellucchi and Lluis Serra-Majem

Nutritional Status Assessment at the Population Level 223

Teresa Shamah-Levy, Lucia Cuevas-Nasu, Eduardo Rangel-Baltazar, and Raquel Garcxa-Feregrino

Nutritional Adequacy Assessment 236

Blanca Roman-Vinos and Lluxs Serra-Majem

Diet, Nutrition and Cancer Prevention 243

Federica Turati, Francesca Bravi, and Carlo La Vecchia

Diet, Nutrition and the Immune System 250

Noemi Redondo, Esther Nova, Sonia Gomez-Martinez, Ligia E Dtaz-Prieto, and Ascension Marcos

Contents of All Volumes xi

Nutrigenomics 256

Dolores Corella, Jose V Sorli, and Oscar Coltell

The Role of Food Industry in Improving Health 267

Kom Kamonpatana

National Diet Recommendations 275

Carmen Perez-Rodrigo and Javier Aranceta-Bartrina

Dietary Patterns 283

Nerea Martm-Calvo and Miguel Angel Martmez-Gonzdlez

Mediterranean Diet 292

Lluis Serra-Majem, Adriana Ortiz-Andrellucchi, and Almudena Sdnchez-Villegas

Fats: Nutritional and Physiological Importance 302

Lucia De Luca

Food Culture: Anthropology of Food and Nutrition 307

F Xavier Medina

Bioactive Peptides in the Gut-Brain Axis 311

Nicolina Virgilio

Hunger and Malnutrition 315

Joy Ngo and Lluis Serra-Majem

Food Fortification Policy 336

Greg S Garrett, Corey L Luthringer, Elizabeth A Yetley, and LynnetteM Neufeld

Use and Improvement of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) Formulas in the Managementof Severe Acute Malnutrition 344

Vincenzo Armini

Growth and Nutrition 353

Yeray Novoa Medina and Luis Quintana Peiia

Maillard Reaction and Food Safety 364

Antonio Dario Troise

Sustainable Diets: A Historical Perspective 370

Sandro Dernini

Energy Balance and Body Weight Control 374

Ilario Mennella

Nutrition Education 378

Suzanne Piscopo

Antilisterial Bacteriocins for Food Security: The Case of Sakacin A 385

Chiara Mapelli, Alberto Barbiroli, Stefano De Benedetti, Alida Musatti, and Manuela Rollini

Dietary Guidelines: Pyramids, Wheels, Plates and Sustainability in Nutrition Education 393

Javier Aranceta-Bartrina and Carmen Perez-Rodrigo

Insights Into Perennial Crops as Potential Food Source 400

Alessandra Marti, Citra P Rahardjo, and Baraem Ismail

School Nutrition Education 406

Suzanne Piscopo

xii Contents of Ai! Volumes

Food Supplements: Botanicals 414

Patrizia Restani

Advertising and Marketing to Children 418

Bridget Kelly

Use of a Potentiometric and Hybrid Electronic Tongue for the Analysis of Beer and Wine 424

Emilia Witkowska Nery

Food Security and Food Storage 433

P Lynn Kennedy, Andrew Schmitz, and G C van Kooten

Food Storage as a Source of Stress for Seed Farmers in the Tropics 444

Edmond Dounias

Health Effects of Food Storage 449

Francisco J Barba, Paulo E Sichetti Munekata, Jose M Lorenzo, and Antonio Cilia

Storage of Roots and Tubers 457

Fernanda Zaccari, Maria Cristina Cabrera, and AH Saadoun

Sweet Potato and Squash Storage 464

Fernanda Zaccari, Maria C Cabrera, and AH Saadoun

New Preservations Technologies: Hydrostatic High Pressure Processing and High Pressure Thermal

Processing 473

/ Garcia-Parra and R Ramirez

The Preservation of Fruit and Vegetable Products Under High Pressure Processing 481

Krystian Marszalek, Justyna Szczepanska, Lukasz Wozniak, Sylwia Skqpska, Francisco J Barba,Mladen Brncic, and Suzana R Brncic

Effect of Freezing on the Quality of Meat 493

Jose Antonio Beltrdn and Marc Belles

Freezing of Bread 498

Nikolina Cukelj and Dubravka Novotni

Preservation of Berries 503

Erica Feliziani and Gianfranco Romanazzi

Edible Coatings for Extending Shelf-Life of Fresh Produce During Postharvest Storage 506

Yanyun Zhao

Use of Enzymes to Preserve Food 511

Fidel Toldrd-Reig and Fidel Toldrd

Sources of Contamination in Food 518

Samantha Radford

Preservation of Micronutrients in Biofortifled Foods 523

Vinoth Alphonse and Ravindhran Ramalingam

Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste for Bioenergy Production 530

Fucfing Xu, Yangyang Li, Mary Wicks, Yebo Li, and Harold Keener

Sustainability Certification of Food 538

Badrul Azhar, Margi Prideaux, and Norhisham Razi

Molecular Improvement of Grain: Target Traits for a Changing World 545

Stacy D Singer, Nora A Foroud, and John D Laurie

Contents of All Volumes xiii

Food Consumption Patterns in Developing Countries 556

Matin Qaim

Modification of Pectin 561

Jiankang Cao and Qianqian Li

The Determinants of Household Food Waste Reduction, Recovery, and Reuse: Toward

a Household Metabolism 567

Sally Geislar

Nanomaterials and Food Security: The Next Challenge for Consumers, Food Industries

and Policies 575

Marie-Helene Ropers

Digitization and Big Data in Food Security and Sustainability 582

Kelly Bronson

Sustainability and Plastic Waste 588

Travis P Wagner

Bread Storage and Preservation 593

Victoria A Jideani

Storage and Preservation of Fats and Oils 605

Noelia Tena, Ana Lobo-Prieto, Ramon Aparicio, and Diego L Gartia-Gonzdlez

The Storage and Preservation of Seafood 619

Luxin Wang

VOLUME 3

Concepts of Food Sustainability 1

Jock R Anderson

Agriculture and Ecosystem Services 9

Harry Hoffmann, Sarah Schomers, Class Meyer, Klas Sander, Valerie Hickey, and Amdt Feuerbacher

Sustainable Pathways for Meeting Future Food Demand 14

Kyle Frankel Davis, Carole Dalin, Ruth DeFries, James N Galloway, Allison M Leach, and

Nathaniel D Mueller

Land Use Change, Deforestation and Competition for Land Due to Food Production 21

Christiane W Runyan and JeffStehm

The Role of Food Marketing in Increasing Awareness of Food Security and Sustainability:Food Sustainability Branding 27

Silvio Franco and Clara Cicatiello

Enhancing Food Security Through Seed Banking and Use ofWild Plants: Case Studies From the

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 32

Tiziana Ulian, Hugh W Pritchard, Christopher P Cockel, and Efisio Mattana

The Role ofYouth in Increasing Awareness of Food Security and Sustainability 39

Francesca Allievi, Domenico Dentoni, and Marta Antonelli

Planning Sustainable Food Supply Chains to Meet Growing Demands 45

Riccardo Accorsi

Maintaining Diversity of Plant Genetic Resources as a Basis for Food Security 54

M Ehsan Dulloo

xiv Contents of Ail Volumes

Agroecological Intensification: Potential and Limitations to Achieving Food Securityand Sustainability 64

Jonathan Mockshell and Ma Eliza J Villarino

Concept and Classifications of Farming Systems 71

John Dixon

Farming Systems in North America 81

Keith Fuglie and Claudia Hitaj

Farming Systems of the World: South Africa 95

Johann Kirsten and Ferdi Meyer

Temperate Agricultural Production Regions: Japan 101

Kentaro Kawasaki

Farming Systems in Southeast Asia 107

David Dawe, Melina Lamkowsky, Vinod Ahuja, and Caroline Turner

Food Security and Sustainability in Tropical Marginal Lands 114

Peter B R Hazell

Food Security and Sustainability in Mountain Areas 121

Stefan Mann, Silviu Beciu, and Armeni\a Arghiroiu

Food Security and Food System Sustainability in North America 126

Philip A Loring and Cory Whitely

Food Security Factors and Trends in Central Asia 134

Elena Lioubimtseva

The Role of Irrigation for Food Security and Sustainability 142

Sushil Pandey

Green Revolution 147

Goran Djurfeldt

Emerging Genetic Technologies to Improve Crop Productivity 152

Vincenzo D'Amelia, Clizia Villano, and Riccardo Aversano

Genetically Modified Crops 159

Matin Qaim

The Potential for Genome Editing in Plant Breeding 165

Stuart J Smyth

Genetic Improvement of Food Animals: Past and Future 171

Alison L Van Eenennaam and Amy E Young

Food Sovereignty 181

Michel P Pimbert

Local Conventional Versus Imported Organic Food Products: Consumers' Preferences 190

Corinna Hempel

Comparing Yields: Organic Versus Conventional Agriculture 196

Verena Seufert

Connecting Diverse Diets With Production Systems: Measures and Approaches for ImprovedFood and Nutrition Security 209

Gina Kennedy, Kaleab Baye, Bronwen Powell, and Arwen Bailey

Contents of Ait Volumes xv

Fresh Fruit and Vegetables: Contributions to Food and Nutrition Security 217

Stepha McMullin, Barbara Stadlmayr, Ralph Roothaert, and Ramni Jamnadass

The Important Role of the Common Beans in Providing Food and Nutrition Security 226

Lopera Diana, Gonzalez Carolina, and Birol Ekin

Roots, Tubers and Bananas: Contributions to Food Security 231

Gina Kennedy, Jessica E Raneri, Dietmar Stoian, Simon Attwood, Gabriela Burgos, Herndn Ceballos,Beatrice Ekesa, Vincent Johnson, Jan W Low, and Elise F Talsma

Rice Contribution to Food and Nutrition Security and Leveraging Opportunities for Sustainability,Nutrition and Health Outcomes 257

Bayuh Belay Abera, Belay Terefe, Kaleab Baye, and Namukolo Covic

Maize Contribution to Food and Nutrition Security and Leveraging Opportunities for Sustainability,Nutrition and Health Outcomes 264

Namukolo Covic, Belay Terefe, and Kaleab Baye

Wheat Contribution to Food and Nutrition Security and Leveraging Opportunities for Sustainability,Nutrition and Health Outcomes 270

Aziz A Karimov, Belay Terefe, Kaleab Baye, Brittany Hazard, Gashaw Tadesse Abate, and Namukolo Covic

Contributions of Milk Production to Food and Nutrition Security 278

Paula Dominguez-Salas, Alessandra Galie, Amos Omore, Esther Omosa, and Emily Ouma

Smallholder Poultry: Contributions to Food and Nutrition Security 292

Robyn Alders, Rosa Costa, Rodrigo A Gallardo, Nick Sparks, and Huaijun Zhou

Smallholder Pork: Contributions to Food and Nutrition Security 299

Kristina Roesel

Extensive (Pastoralist) Cattle Contributions to Food and Nutrition Security 310

Ursula Truebswasser and Fiona Flintan

Urban Livestock-Keeping: Contributions to Food and Nutrition Security 317

Johanna F Lindahl, Ulf Magnusson, and Delia Grace

Urban Livestock Keeping: Leveraging for Food and Nutrition Security 322

Johanna F Lindahl, Ulf Magnusson, and Delia Grace

Agrifood Systems in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Status and Opportunities for Smallholder

Dairy in LMIC 326

Paula Dominguez-Salas, Amos Omore, Esther Omosa, and Emily Ouma

Smallholder Poultry: Leveraging for Sustainable Food and Nutrition Security 340

Robyn Alders, Rosa Costa, Rodrigo A Gallardo, Nick Sparks, and Huaijun Zhou

Extensive Pastoralist (Cattle): Leveraging for Food and Nutrition Security 347

Fiona Flintan and Ursula Truebswasser

Pastoral Livestock Systems 354

Brigitte A Kaufmann, Christian G Hulsebusch, and Saverio Kratli

Leveraging Neglected and Underutilized Plant, Fungi, and Animal Species for More Nutrition

Sensitive and Sustainable Food Systems 361

Stefano Padulosi, Donna-Maree Cawthorn, Gennifer Meldrum, Roberto Flore, Afton Halloran,

and Federico Mattel

Computation of Risk Assessment Modelling 371

Kohei Makita, Sylvie Kouame Sina, Johanna Lindahl, and Fanta Desissa

xvi Contents of Ail Volumes

Leveraging Incentives for Safe and Nutritious Foods 381

Vivian Hoffmann, Alan de Brauw, Christine Moser, and Alexander Saak

Wastewater and Leafy Greens 385

Inmaculada Amords, Laura Moreno-Mesonero, Yolanda Moreno, and Jose L Alonso

Leveraging Informal Markets for Health and Nutrition Security 390

Silvia Alonso and Paula Dominguez-Salas

Leveraging Development Programs: Homestead Food Production 396

Jody Harris, Stephen Thompson, and Thalia Sparling

Leveraging Development Programs - Livestock Research 401

Isabelle Baltenweck, Rupsha Banerjee, and Immaculate Omondi

Leveraging Agri-Food Systems for Food Security and Nutrition - The Role of International

Research for Development 411

John McDermott

Using Theory of Change in Agricultural Research for Food and Nutrition Security 418

Nancy Johnson, Bom Douthwaite, and John Mayne,

Leveraging Gender for Food and Nutrition Security Through Agriculture 426

Alessandra Galie

Trade-Offs and Synergies Between Food Quality, Nutrition, and Food Safety: Health Impactsof Agrifood Systems in Low and Middle-Income Countries 432

Barbara Hasler

Infectious Diseases and Agriculture 439

Delia Grace

Assessing Food Safety Risks in Low and Middle-Income Countries 448

Kohei Makita, Nicoline de Haan, Hung Nguyen-Viet, and Delia Grace

Endemic Diseases and Agriculture 454

Kristina Roesel

Association Between Land Use Change and Exposure to Zoonotic Pathogens - Evidence From

Selected Case Studies in Africa 463

Bernard Bett, Nicholas Ngwili, Daniel Nthiwa, and Alonso Silvia

Climate Change and Disease Dynamics: Predicted Changes in Ecological Niches for Rift ValleyFever in East Africa 469

Bernard Bett, Fred Tom Otieno, and Faith Murithi

Antimicrobial Resistance and Agriculture 477

Barbara Wieland

Gender and Livestock 481

Juliet Kariuki

Life Cycle Assessment of Food Products 488

Simon Fraval, Carina E van Middelaar, Brad G Ridoutt, and Carolyn Opio

Life Cycle Assessment of Coffee Production in Time of Global Change 497

Federica V Rega and Pasquale Ferranti

Carbon Neutral Food Value Chains 503

Athena Birkenberg

Innovation Platforms: Synopsis of Innovation Platforms in Agricultural Research and

DevelopmentMarc Schut, Laurens Klerkx, Josey Kamanda, Murat Sartas, and Cees Leeuwis

Food Value Chains: Governance Models

Eugenio Pomarici