NAME: SHWETA J. KORIF Y B.COM/ DIV ‘C’ROLL NO: 2301SUB: E . V . SASSIGNMENT : FOOD SECURITY IN INDIAOUR CHALLENGE

FOOD SECURITY IN INDIAOUR CHALLENGE

The World Health Organization defines three facets of food security: food availability, food access, and

food use. Food availability is having available sufficient quantities of food on a consistent basis.

Food access is having sufficient resources, both economic and physical, to obtain appropriate foods

for a nutritious diet. Food use is the appropriate use based on knowledge of basic nutrition and care, as well as adequate water and sanitation.

Definition of food security

Global water crisis: • Water table reserves are falling in many countries

{India} due to widespread over pumping and irrigation.

Climate Change:• Rising global temperature are beginning to have a ripple effect

on crop yields, Forest resources, Water supply & altering the balance of nature.

Land degradation:• Intensive farming lead to a vicious cycle of exhaustion

of soil fertility and decline of agriculture yield .

Greedy land deals: • Corporations & Government buying rights to millions of acres

of agriculture land in India to secure their own long term food supplies.

THINGS AFFECTING FOOD SECURITY TODAY INCLUDES:

India’s Food Security Problem

Hunger And Malnutrition

Malnutrition & Hunger

Physical Causes

Socio-Economic and Historic Causes

Attitudinal/ Behavioral Causes

Governance Related Causes

•Hunger•Calorie/Protein Micronutrient Deficit•Infection and Disease

•Poverty/Low Income•Illiteracy/Lack of Skills•Gender Discrimination embedded in social custom•Lack of Information and Awareness

•Gender Discrimination•Low Status of Women•Negative Child/Mother care practices•Early marriage of girls•Early & frequent pregnancies•Lack of Information & Awareness; Superstition

•No national programmedwith specific objective of reducing malnutrition•Inadequate, health care services for women and children;•Low access to safe drinking water and sanitation•Programmatic gaps•Poor coverage•No action based Nutrition Monitoring•Lack of accountability

Protein calorie

micronutrient deficit

Low working capacity.

Low income generation.

Poverty

Low birth rate.

Stunted Child

MalnourishedGirl

Malnourished

Mother.

HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION

According to FAO 2005-2006,National Family And Health Survey

[NFHS]Malnutrition continuous to be a severe

Problem for children and adults in India.

According to the study:It is observed that

32% of childrenIn India are stunted

i.e. they are too shortFor their Age and

42% Children's are under weight

i.e. too thin for their Age

Around 76% children betweenthe age of 5-40 months are AnemicAmong women also, its prevalence has Increased.It is 56% among married women And 58% among Pregnant Women

Among Men it is 25%

Multi-Sectoral Solutions

•No single intervention can eradicate malnutrition.

•The package of interventions must be widely inter-sectoral so as to address at least a majority of the causes.

•They must be simultaneous so that the benefit of one intervention is not lost on account of the absence of another.

•They must cover the entire lifecycle of women and children to create and immediate impact within one generation on the nutritional status of the three critical links of malnutrition, namely, children, adolescent girls, and women.

•Only then can the benefits be sustainable enough to break the inter-generational cycle, and be passed on the next generation.

A Solution…*It is established that a human body requiresA daily intake of about50gm of proteins.*While people in developedCountries & most like the developing Countries have a satisfactory intakeOf protein.*In India the per capita daily intake is Only 10 gm.*This endangers health and work Performance.

India has about 50 millions areas of irrigated land& is second only to the United state with 60 millions acres. In the U.S it is possible to raise only one crop a year due to weather constraints.However, many areas in India have the potential to raise three crops a year, provided we learn how to sustain the fertility of the soil.This will be equal to 150 millions acres of irrigated land.

At the present time our system are monitoring soil fertility and maintaining it is flawed and needs urgent attention.We cannot just bury our head in soil as ostriches may do.

A FEW FACTS

The Bill aims to cover about 67.5 per cent of country’s 1.2 billion people, targeting about 180 million poorest people who receive about 4 million tones of grain

every month through licensed Fair Price Shops

In what sense does India suffer from widespread and rising hunger? In their support, the proponents of the food security Bill point to the decline in calorie and protein consumption intake and rise in fat consumption over the years.

According to the NSSO, the per-capita calorie consumption across all individuals fell from 2,266 to 2,047 between 1972-73 and 2004-05 in rural India, and from 2,107 to 2,020 in urban India over the same period. A similar trend has been observed in protein intake while the reverse trend has obtained in fat intake.

Minister of state for agriculture and food processing industries Tariq Anwar says

that every year India faces a loss of Rs 50 thousand corer worth of both perishable

and non-perishable food item.

Experts estimate that lack of skilled manpower and shortage of infrastructure has been resulting in wastage of up to 40 per cent of the total food produce in India every year.

The Food Bill aims to give legal right over a uniform

quantity of 5 kg food grains at a fixed price of Rs 1-3

per kg via ration shops to 67 per cent of the

population.

ARTICLE ON FOOD SECURITY IN INDIA.

'Food security legislation to put pressure on public finances‘

[By PTI | 21 Jul, 2013, 11.44AM IST]

NEW DELHI: Implementation of food security legislation

will impose pressure on public finances and push up the

fiscal deficit to 5 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product in the current financial year,

said a Ficci report.

"...it will impose an additional pressure on the fiscal situation and

would make fiscal sustainability plan of the country difficult to achieve.

As a result, The expected fiscal deficit to GDP ratio

is 5 per cent for2013-14, which is slightly above the budgeted 4.8 per cent," it said.

On July 3, the government decided to promulgate an ordinance to implement the Food Security Bill to give nation's two-third population the right to 5 kg of food grain every month at highly subsidized rates of Rs 1-3 per kg.

The programme when implemented will be the biggest in the world with the government spending estimated at Rs 125,000 crore annually on supply of about 62 million tonnes of rice, wheat and coarse cereals to 67 per cent of the population.

"A majority of the participating economists anticipated a 50-75 basis points cut in repo rate by end of this fiscal year," it said, adding, a fall in repo rate will give elbow room for banks to reduce deposits as well as lending rates.

Further, it said that depreciating rupee will impact the widening CAD. For Q1 of FY14, CAD to GDP ratio is projected at 5 per cent and it may temper in the second half of the fiscal.

"Financing CAD will be the real challenge this year as global liquidity will be under pressure," it said adding rupee is expected to touch 56 by end of March.

High imports strain the Current Account Deficit (CAD), which hit a record high of 4.8 per cent in the 2012-13 fiscal.

Food security scheme to be launched on August 20

Saturday, July 13, 2013, 16:25

New Delhi: Congress president Sonia Gandhi on Saturday asked the states ruled by the party to implement in “letter and spirit” the food security scheme, which it sees as a “game-changer” in the 2014 Lok Sabha Elections.

Gandhi held deliberations with Congress chief ministers on how to implement the food scheme seeking to provide cheap foodgrains to 82 crore people, for which an ordinance was promulgated last week.

Party sources said the chief ministers were told at the meeting to rollout the scheme in “letter and spirit”.

Several states, including Congress-ruled Karnataka and Uttarakhand, BJP-governed Chhattisgarh, SP-ruled Uttar Pradesh and JD(U)-run Bihar, could see early roll out of the programme.

Partymen wanted early roll out of the scheme so that the scheme is well in place by the time Lok Sabha Elections take place.

The Bill has been the pet project of Sonia Gandhi.