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Enchanted with Chemicals
J. C. ChambersLarry K. Brendtro
in memory of
J. C. Chambers
Stronghold Counseling
Academy for Seniors
September 19, 2018
Enchanted with Chemicals
J. C. Chambers
Marketing of Drugs
Weller than Well
Adversity and Drugs
The Vital Balance
The Brain and Drugs
Children and elders are held in great respect..
The village is responsible for rearing children.
Leaders use power to serve the people.
Resources are shared to meet needs of all.
Indigenous Wisdom
Blackfoot Child Rearing
Abraham Maslow
1938
Sioux Child Rearing
Erik Erikson
1938
Indigenous Cultures Treat Children as Sacred Beings
The old are dedicated to the
service of the young as their
teachers and advisors, and
the young in turn regard them
with love and reverence.
Ohiyesa
[Charles Eastman]
The Soul of the Indian, 1911
1. Strong emotional bonds
2. Increasingly complex tasks
3. Shifting power to learner
4. Relationships of reciprocity
Attachment
Achievement
Autonomy
Altruism
Developmental Relationships
Urie Bronfenbrenner
Hierarchy of NeedsAbraham Maslow (1943)
Belongingness Esteem Self- Actualization Self-Transcendence
Resilient BrainsAnn Masten (2014) Attachment Mastery Motivation Self-Efficacy Spirituality/ Purpose
Resilience Research Bonnie Benard (2004) Social Competence Problem Solving Autonomy Purpose
Native ValuesMartin Brokenleg (1990) Belonging Mastery Independence Generosity
Roots of Self Esteem Stanley Coopersmith (1967) Significance Competence Power Virtue
UNIVERSAL HUMAN NEEDSAttachment Achievement Autonomy Altruism
Quechua Children
From the moment I entered their village, I was captivated by their respectful behavior, self-confident demeanor, and astonishing creativity.
Inge Bolin
Vancouver Island University
Humans lived in egalitarian cultures as hunter gatherers for 99% of history.
Christopher Boehm
The Survival of the Fittest Most Generous
Enchanted with Chemicals
J. C. Chambers
Marketing of Drugs
Weller than Well
Adversity and Drugs
The Vital Balance
The Brain and Drugs
Basic needs are common to all mankind and are therefore shared values.
Most “symptoms” of emotional problems are the result of unmet needs.
Abraham Maslow
Addiction: A Medical View from the American Society of Addiction Medicine
Addiction is a chronic lifelong disease that cannot be cured but must be managed like
diabetes, typically with drugs.
That view is challenged by a new science of epigenetics and resilience.
Throughout life, the brain has remarkable powers to change its structure to cope with challenges.
Both positive and negative experiences redesign the brain, for better or worse.
Kenneth Doidge
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity includes addiction.
Genes and extreme stress make some vulnerable to drug abuse.
And abuse of drugs can lead to changes in many brain areas.
Addiction
Drugs Disrupt Genes
These drugs do not just have the action we are told about but often have much greater effects throughout the body than the one the company markets.
David Healy
University of Cardiff, Wales
ENDORPHINS(Endogenous Morphine)
Dopamine: triggers the brain’s reward and pleasure center
Serotonin: feelings of hope and well-being
Oxytocin: social bonding and stress reduction
Healthy Brain = Happy ChemicalsDopamine Serotonin Oxytocin ENDORPHINS
Natural Endorphins
Relationships
Exercise
Hugging
Laughter
Music
Chocolate
Favorite food
Being in nature
Meditation
Helpers High
Most psychiatric drugs repress oxytocin, the trust hormone that fosters bonding, empathy, and caregiving.
Addictive Drugs Hijack the Brain’s Pleasure System
Ventral Tegmentum400,000 Neurons produce dopamine
Extreme levels of this pleasure chemical flood the habit-forming area.
From 24 disorders in 1978, DSM-5 now has 265 plus modifiers.
DSM mixes biological disorders like autism with diagnostic labels for problems in living.
Surge of “Disorders”
Maybe it’s an Arrow Intrusion Disorder.
Most childhood difficulties are developmental or adjustment problems..
Emotional and behavior problems are viewed as diseases but seldom are caused by brain deficits.
Jon McClellan, MD
University of WashingtonJohn Werry, MD
University of Auckland
Limits of the Medical Model
Drugs for Symptoms
All too often, drugs are prescribed instead of teaching people skills to deal with distress.
Medications only blunt sensations but do nothing to resolve them.
Bessel van der Kolk
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
More likely to be medicated
Different Diagnosis but the Same Trauma
Robert Foltz
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
More likely to get therapy
The conflict of interest between psychiatry and the drug companies is absolutely vicious and obscene.
Ralph Rabinovitch, MD
Pills for Every Problem
70% with a DSM label have at least one other diagnosis—with drugs available for each.
Polypharmacy is unsupported by research, unmonitored, harmful, and even dangerous.
Allen Frances
After alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco, prescription drugs have become the most common substances of abuse.
Opioids prevent pain but now produce more deaths than traffic accidents.
Antipsychotics and anticonvulsants (marketed as “mood stabilizers”) are now prescribed for many conditions.
This “atypical antipsychotic” was a top-selling drug in 2014, producing 7.5 billion dollars revenue from 9 million users.
A fine of 19.5 million for marketing this drug for use with children and elderly is a tiny cost of doing business, less than 3/100 of one percent of sales.
Abilify (aripiprazole)
Clozaril (clozapine)
Etrafon (perphenazine, amitriptyline)
Geodon (ziprasidone)
Haldol (haloperidol)
Loxitane (loxapine)
Mellaril (thioridazine)
Moban (molindone)
Navane (thiothixene)
Orap (pimozide)
Permitil and Prolixin (fluphenazine)
Phenergan, Phenadoz, Promethegan (promethazine)
Reglan (metoclopramide)
Risperdal (risperidone)
Serentil (mesoridazine)
Seroquel (quetiapine)
Stelazine (trifluoperazine)
Thorazine (chlorpromazine)
Triavil and Trilafon (perphenazine, amitriptyline)
Zyprexa (olanzapine)
We have no evidence about the safety of these agents or their effectiveness in controlling aggression. Why are we doing this?
John March,
Duke University School of Medicine
Epigenetics as Side Effects: Drugs & Tardive Dyskinesia
Epigenetic side-effects caused by a drug may persist after the drug is discontinued. Some iatrogenic diseases such as tardive dyskinesia are epigenetic in nature. The
consequences for modern medicine are profound . Csoka & Szyf, 2009, abstract
Abilify Side Effects: Physician’s Desk Reference thoughts about suicide or dying, attempts to commit suicide, new or worse depression, new or worse anxiety, feeling very agitated or restless, panic attacks, trouble sleeping (insomnia), new or worse irritability, acting aggressive, being angry or violent, acting on dangerous impulses, an extreme increase in activity and talking (mania), or other unusual changes in behavior or mood. Abilifymay cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome, a serious and potentially fatal reaction to the drug. Call your doctor immediately if you develop muscle stiffness, confusion, irregular or rapid heartbeat, increased blood pressure, excessive sweating, shaking, and high fever. Abilify may cause tardive dyskinesia, a potentially irreversible condition characterized by uncontrollable muscle spasms and twitches in the face and body.
Off-Label UseOnce on the market, a drug can be prescribed for
conditions or populations that it is not approved to treat. Teresa Carr, Consumer Reports
70% of persons on the DSM-5 Task Force have connections to the drug industry.
Safra Center for Ethics, Harvard University
DSM is not valid and will no longer be used in funded research.
National Institute of Mental Health
Enchanted with Chemicals
J. C. Chambers
Marketing of Drugs
Weller than Well
Adversity and Drugs
The Vital Balance
The Brain and Drugs
OPIOIDSBirth of a Big Lie
“Addiction rare in patients treated with narcotics.”
Hershel Jick
1980
Cited in over 600 Big Pharma-Fueled Reports to Promote Drugs “Medical evidence overwhelmingly indicates that properly administered opioid therapy rarely if ever results in ‘accidental addiction’ or ‘opioid abuse.’”
Purdue PharmaAddicts a Nation
Expense-paid “Pain Management” Conferences to recruit professionals for a speaker’s bureau.
Target doctors who prescribe the most opioids.
Purdue agents contact 94,000 physicians and earn an average $77,000 bonuses for their sales.
Patients are given starter coupons for a free 30-day supply of OxyContin.
Promote use for many conditions like back pain.
Hide risks in hired articles and publications.
Directly market drugs to consumers.
The average American TV viewer watches as many as nine drug ads a day, totaling two working days per year.
Side effects include . . .
Big Pharma is More Powerful than the Federal Government
The Sacklers were first investigated by Senator Estes Kefauver in 1962 who found Purdue Pharma had a total system to produce, test, and market drugs while outmaneuvering government regulators.
Purdue Pharma Billionaire Patents New Drug for Opioid Treatment
Richard Sackler whose family owns Purdue Pharma which created the opioidcrisis has now received a patent for a drug to treat opioid addiction.
Financial Times, Sept. 7, 2018
$240 MILLIONeach year is spent lobbying Congress.
Big Pharma makes
$10 BILLION in annual profits from opioid sales.
Obama’s FDA is a Revolving Door for Big Pharma
Purdue Pharma Lawyer Rudolph Giuliani Gets $1 Million DOJ Grant
Treatment creep.Add new medications without stopping the old.
Diagnostic creep.Prescribe medications for each diagnostic label.
Doctor creep. Patients secure drugs from multiple providers.
Pharma creep.Marketing pills for every human unhappiness.
The Polypharmacy CrisisAllen Frances
Polypharmacy:
“unsupported by research,
unmonitored, harmful, and
even dangerous.”
For example, medicating
youth for bipolar disorder
may shorten their life span
12 to 20 years.
Allen Frances, 2013, p. 107
“Five Poison Pills You Can Replace with Marijuana”
Marijuana World News
Is Marijuana the Next Big Pharma?
Pain Pills
ADHD Pills
Sleeping Pills
Anti-anxiety Pills
Anti-Depressant Pills
Enchanted with Chemicals
J. C. Chambers
Marketing of Drugs
Weller than Well
Adversity and Drugs
The Vital Balance
The Brain and Drugs
Adverse Childhood Experiences
Household Stress1. Divorce or separation
2. Substance abuse
3. Domestic violence
4. Criminal behavior
5. Mental illness
Abuse and Neglect6. Psychological abuse
7. Physical Abuse
8. Sexual Abuse
9. Physical Neglect
10.Emotional Neglect
Kaiser Permanente andCenter for Disease Control
The Impact of Adversity
Adverse experiences are toxic when they interfere with developmental needs. AttachmentAchievement
Autonomy Altruism
Toxic Stress
A child’s brain has no program to cope with maltreatment by caregivers.
Dante Cicchetti
Chemicals and Autism
John has little speech and flaps his hands while Sam uses his iPad. Drugs used during surgery at 3 months made the difference.
Antipsychotic medications designed to sedate adult psychosis are now widely used with ADHD and aggressive children.
Is Addiction a Learning Disorder?
● Teen brains are primed for pleasureand pleasing friends, hyping risk.
● Kids learn habits for quick pleasure.
● Most end addiction by their 30s.
Maia Szalavitz
At Risk for Addiction
Bold, impulsive youth—often boys—like to try new things.
Sad and anxious persons may self-medicate—typically girls.
Trauma, ADHD, depression, and delinquency also put youth at greater risk.
Mental Disease
The History of Psychiatry: Past, Present, and Future
Karl Menninger
The Vital Balance
Mental Health Weller than Well
Enchanted with Chemicals
J. C. Chambers
Marketing of Drugs
Weller than Well
Adversity and Drugs
The Vital Balance
The Brain and Drugs
There are two kinds of medication: cosmetic drugs and curative drugs….
Every single drug on the shelf of the psychopharmacopoeia is cosmetic.
Martin Seligman
Belonging. Acceptance without judgement.Mastery. Opportunity to listen and to learn. Responsibility. Building strength and hope. Generosity. Helping and encouraging others.
AA Support Groups Meet Basic Human Needs
Positive
27%
Negative
47%
Neutral
26%
Medications
Positive
62%Negative
10%
Neutral
28%
Psychotherapy
ASETS Study: How youth feel about…
Why do teens engage in high risk behavior?
Their emotional brains are surging in the need for excitement.
Their executive control areas are still under construction.
We treat each other with respect.
We help others if they have problems.
We reject all physical or psychological violence.
Circle of Courage in Adelsheim, Germany
Violence includes humiliation and depreciation of the other person.
When we engage in violence, we want to make the other “small” and ourselves superior.
That stands in bold contrast to showing respect to one another.
Project Fördernde, 2017
We used to have fights every day, but now we never fight—we have learned to treat one another as human beings.
Youth in Peer Helping Groups
Many staff used to call in sick because of all the stress of this job—but now we enjoy coming to work.
Corrections Officer