Enabling Technologies(Chapter 1)

Understand the technology and importance of:

Virtualization Cloud Computing WAN Acceleration

Deep Packet Inspection Media - fiber & copper cabling

Protocols

• A protocol is a set of rules for communicating between computers.

• Why are they needed?

– Who goes first?– Are you ready?– I got your message– There are errors

Compression; No Impact on Speed

Internet

• The use of sophisticated algorithms (mathematical formulas) to shrink the amount of data sent over networks or stored on computers.

• How does compression make networks more efficient?• Examples of applications that use compression?

Multiplexing

• Multiplexing makes networks more efficient by combining multiple streams of data onto a single medium• What are examples?

• Why is this important?• How is multiplexing different than compression?

Server Virtualization

Server virtualization

• single servers with functions and features of multiple servers

• Within each physical server, each application is a “virtual machine”

Virtualization software within the server

• manages traffic into and out of the host server

• allocates the server’s resources including memory, computing and hard drive capacity to applications

Virtualized Servers With Operating Systems

VM OS VM OS VM OS

AppsOS

AppsOS

AppsOS

AppsOS

AppsOS

AppsOS

AppsOS

AppsOS

Physical servers

Virtual machine operating systems

Virtual machines

Cloud Computing• Computing, storage, applications and parts or all of data centers at a

provider’s site• Cloud computing enablers

– High capacity networks– Virtualization

Service provider’s data center accessed via the Internet

Rationale for Cloud Computing

• For enterprises savings on:– Cooling– Space– Testing new applications– IT staffing– Application development

• Enterprise reluctance• Consumer caution

WAN Acceleration and Optimization

• Wide Area Network (WAN) Acceleration makes networks more efficient by:– Overcoming delays caused by “chatty” protocols– Using compression

• Enterprises, hospitals and universities use WAN acceleration:– Between their sites– To improve response times in their networks

WAN Acceleration Overview

Deep Packet Inspection

CarrierNetwork

DPI switchAt carrier data center

Landline Customer

Mobile customer

• Track messages• Monitor and manage congestion• Calculate bits transmitted monthly• Block access to sites• Slow down certain traffic• Give priority to other traffic

• What are my choices?• What are the criteria for selection?• Implication of choices

Media

Copper Cable

• Cross Section of Category 6 Cabling

Fiber Applications and Characteristics

• Characteristics– Capacity– Electrical immunity– Security– Durability– Size– Weight– Flexibility– Material & labor costs

• Applications– Backbones– Submarine cabling– Riser cabling between floors– Connections between

buildings in a campus

Open Systems Interconnect Model (OSI)

• Layer 1: Physical Layer– Media type (copper, fiber, etc.); Repeaters, amplifiers

• Layer 2: Data Link Layer– Frames; MAC addresses; Ethernet, Frame Relay, ATM

• Layer 3: Network Layer– Routing/Addressing; Packets; TCP/IP

• Layer 4: Transport Layer– Content switching; TCP, UDP; Voice, data, video priority; Filter content

• Layer 5: Session Layer– H.323 voice/video sessions; encryption

• Layer 6: Presentation Layer– Format for presentation to screen; HTML

• Layer 7: Application Layer– File services, print services: HTTP

Summary• Why are the following important:

– Virtualization– Cloud computing– Compression and multiplexing– WAN acceleration & optimization– Deep Packet Inspection

• How do fiber cabling and unshielded twisted pair differ from each other?– Where are they each used?