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8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en12299-evaluation-of-ride-comfort-for-rail-passengers-alternative-to-iso2631 1/24
ride comfort for rail passengers
Dr Björn Kufver (Ferroplan)
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en12299-evaluation-of-ride-comfort-for-rail-passengers-alternative-to-iso2631 2/24
• Introduction / Background (1)
• Basic principles in the CEN comfort standard (1)
• Mean comfort standard method N MV (4)
Cx
,Cy
Cz
• Mean comfort complete methods N VA and N VD (2)
• Comfort on discrete events PDE (5)
• Comfort on curve transitions PCT (3)• Discussion and conclusions (5)
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en12299-evaluation-of-ride-comfort-for-rail-passengers-alternative-to-iso2631 3/24
-• e uropean omm ee or an ar za on -
Technical Committee TC256 - European standards for
• 1999 - a European prestandard for comfort evaluationENV 12299
• The research was conducted by UIC (ORE) and BRR
• –
Germany, Italy, Sweden
• A new standard EN 12299 was ublished in 2009
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en12299-evaluation-of-ride-comfort-for-rail-passengers-alternative-to-iso2631 4/24
-• u
• Accelerometers and gyros – vehicle body – –speed – test sections – time intervals
• Full scale tests and com uter simulations
• Low-pass or band-pass filtering• Statistical post-processing
• Scales / interpretation of results
• Ride comfort as such / vehicle assessment
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en12299-evaluation-of-ride-comfort-for-rail-passengers-alternative-to-iso2631 5/24
The mean comfort standard
method - 1•
• Calculated for a 5-minute run
• Measurements in the floor
• Accelerations in x-, y-, and z-directions
• Band-passed filtered signals 0.4-100 Hz
…
• 3 * 60 5-second rms-values
• 95 percentile (4th highest value) from each direction
2
95
2
95
2
95 )()()(6 bd d W
ZP
W
YP
W
XP MV aaa N ++⋅=
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en12299-evaluation-of-ride-comfort-for-rail-passengers-alternative-to-iso2631 6/24
The mean comfort standard
method - 2
Evaluation scale for N MV :
N < 1.5 Ver comfortable
1.5 < N MV < 2.5 Comfortable2.5 < N < 3.5 Medium
3.5 < N MV < 4.5 Uncomfortable
N > 4.5 Ver uncomfortable
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en12299-evaluation-of-ride-comfort-for-rail-passengers-alternative-to-iso2631 7/24
The mean comfort standard
method - 3•
• The controversial point is the 95 percentiles
• In each direction only 1 (of 60) 5-second rms-values isused
Table 1: Three hypothetical five-minute vibration patterns for onedirection (each of sixty five-second rms values, m/s
2).
First highest rms value 2nd
3rd
4th 5
th i
th 60
th
Series A 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1
Series C 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en12299-evaluation-of-ride-comfort-for-rail-passengers-alternative-to-iso2631 8/24
The mean comfort standard
method - 4
• The 95 percentiles in x-, y-, and z-directions,
respectively, may occur during three different 5-secon n erva s.
• The final N MV -value cannot be well correlated to
oca rac con on s nce e cr ca a era y-value and the critical vertical z-value may be
.
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en12299-evaluation-of-ride-comfort-for-rail-passengers-alternative-to-iso2631 9/24
Cx, Cy Cz
• MV - ,substantial loss of information.
• The CEN working group recommends that all 180 valuesare presen e n e es repor , as ree me ser es:Continuous Comfort.
• A preliminary scale is suggested for evaluation of individualrms-va ues
.
C Cy(t ),C Cz(t ) < 0.20 m/s2 Very comfortable
0.20 m/s2 < C C (t ),C Cz(t ) < 0.30 m/s2 Comfortable0.30 m/s
2 < C Cy(t ),C Cz(t ) < 0.40 m/s
2 Medium
C Cy(t ),C Cz(t ) > 0.40 m/s2 Less comfortable
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en12299-evaluation-of-ride-comfort-for-rail-passengers-alternative-to-iso2631 10/24
The mean comfort complete
methods - 1e N VA met o ta es v rat ons ot at t e oor an at
the seat into account.
• Seat pan: lateral and vertical directions
•• Based on 95 percentiles
• ore cum ersome o use, o n rea es s ancomputer experiments
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en12299-evaluation-of-ride-comfort-for-rail-passengers-alternative-to-iso2631 11/24
The mean comfort complete
methods - 2VD me o s va a e or s an ng passengers.
• Floor: x-, y-, z-directions, median values - ,• Too sensitive to outliers ? (ORE)
•
Both “complete methods” N VA and N VD have the same
disadvantages as the “standard method” N MV
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en12299-evaluation-of-ride-comfort-for-rail-passengers-alternative-to-iso2631 12/24
DE -a a e or sea e an s an ng passengers ,
additional tests conducted by UIC/ERRI)
• Very comfortable
•
• Acceptable
• ncom or a e
• Very uncomfortable
uan es e percen age w o vo e“Uncomfortable” or “Very uncomfortable”
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en12299-evaluation-of-ride-comfort-for-rail-passengers-alternative-to-iso2631 13/24
DE -Discomfort was found on large track irregularities (Discrete
Events; PDE) and on short transition curves (Curve
Transitions; P )
PDE is derived from conditions on straight track and circular- -
patterns of the lateral acceleration)
• Mean lateral acceleration (due to curvature and cant)
• Peak-to-peak lateral acceleration
;.7.7.max mean ppDE −⋅+⋅= y yP &&&&
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en12299-evaluation-of-ride-comfort-for-rail-passengers-alternative-to-iso2631 14/24
DE -ERRI suggested a more automatic evaluation of Discrete
Events (P DE ) based on continuous evaluation of several
signals
∫+
=2
*
WpP,2s )(1
)(
T t
d yT
t y τ τ &&&&
−
2
t
* ⎞⎛ ⎤⎤−
T T &&&&
⎞⎛ ⎤⎤−− * T T
&&,2
,2
,WpP, pp
⎠⎝ ⎦⎦ ⎠⎝ ⎦⎦ 2,
2,WpP,
0;0.37)(01.27)(62.16max)( 2s ppDE −⋅+⋅= t yt yt P &&&&
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en12299-evaluation-of-ride-comfort-for-rail-passengers-alternative-to-iso2631 15/24
DE -or e assessmen o a par cu ar oca even w c w a ec e
two-second sliding window during more than 2 seconds), the local
maximum of PDE(t ) shall be used)
1,4 14
Lateral acc(t)
PDE(t)
0,8
1
,
n [ m / s 2 ]
8
10
2s peak-to-peakPDE(t)
0,4
0,6
A c c e l e r a t i
4
6
0
0,2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
0
2
B Kufver - Ferroplan
Time t [seconds]
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
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DE -r g na y, e DE unc ons were er ve an va a e or c rcu ar
curves and straight track only. PDE > 0 may be found in short
transition curves without large track irregularities.
1,4 14Lateral acc(t)
2s average
2s eak-to- eak
PDE(t)
0 8
1
,
n [ m / s 2 ]
8
10
PDE(t)
0,4
0,6
,
c
c e l e r a t i o
4
6
0
0,2
0
2
B Kufver - FerroplanTime t [seconds]
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
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CT -CT s er ve rom con ons on rans ons curves o eclothoid type, evaluation starting 1 seconds before thetransition curve to 1.6 seconds after the transition curve
• Maximum lateral acceleration (averaged 1 second)
• Maximum lateral jerk (averaged 1 second)
• Maximum roll velocity (averaged 1 second)
&&&&& ,;...max 1smax1sCT −⋅+⋅= y y
& .
max1s. ϕ ⋅+
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
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CT -
∫
+
⋅=2
*
Wp1s )(
1)(
t
d yT
t y τ τ &&&&
−2
t
1 T T &&&&&&&
⎠⎝ −−+⋅=
22 1s1s1s t yt y
T t y
+
⋅=
2*
)(1
)(
T t
d t τ τ ϕ ϕ &&
−2
T t
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
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CT -
{ ,)(54.28(;0max)(
1sCT
t yt P &&⋅=
,,s.,s gnmax. 1s1s t t yt y A −−∈⋅⋅+ τ τ
] ]( ) 2.283
1s ),s6.1,)(max36.27( t T t A −−∈⋅+ τ τ ϕ &
e parame er A secon s s ou e c osen arge enoug o a ow g a era
jerk and high roll velocity to affect the evaluation even if they occur in the
beginning of a long transition curve,
but small enough in order to exclude these values when they do not belong to the
same transition as the lateral acceleration at the time t .
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
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-
12299) is based on research from
• Missing knowledge #1: Monetary
• Missing knowledge #2: Motion sickness
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
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- MV , VA VD
• Believed to be valid on fairly straight linesut not on curves
• neglect up to 98.3% (59 of 60) of the
measured rms-values• ma combine lon itudinal x lateral
and vertical ( z) vibration values from three
different 5-second intervals.
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
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-
• PCT
- clothoids and linear cant transitions
• PCT - very short straight lines or circular
u ve
• Derived from the same tests and the using
almost – but not exactly - the same post-
processing (see next slide)
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
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-+
T t
∫−
=2
2
*
WpP,2s )(1
)(
T t
d yT
t y τ τ &&&&
∫
+
⋅=2
*
Wp1s
)(1
)(
t
d yT
t y τ τ &&&&
,2
,2
),(max)( *
WpP, pp ⎟⎟ ⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛ ⎥⎦
⎤⎥⎦
⎤+−∈=
T t
T t yt y τ τ &&&&
−2
t
⎛ 1 T T &&&&&&&
⎠⎝
−−⋅=22
1s1s1s y y
T
y
⎟⎟ ⎠ ⎞⎜⎜
⎝ ⎛ ⎥⎦
⎤⎥⎦⎤ +−∈− 2
,2
),(min *WpP, T t T t y τ τ
&&
+
⋅=
2*
)(
1
)(
T t
d t τ τ ϕ ϕ &&
−2
T t
B Kufver - Ferroplan
8/17/2019 EN12299-Evaluation of Ride Comfort for Rail Passengers (Alternative to ISO2631)
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-
published, …
… there is still room for further research in
the area of ride comfort evaluation
B Kufver - Ferroplan