EN - Hrvatski saborknjiznica.sabor.hr/pdf/E_publikacije/The_EU_facts_and_figures.pdf · Emergency number: 112 European Union portal: europa.eu Studying in the European Union: Working

EN

JANUARY 2012

EN.indd 1 21/02/12 10:33

Notice

This brochure contains a range of information on the European Union, its Member States and the candidate countries. It is published solely for information purposes. Unless otherwise indicated, the information is obtained from the offi cial websites of the Member States, and the statistics from Eurostat.

This brochure, which has been prepared by the General Secretariat of the Council, does not commit either the EU institutions or the Member States.

Further information can be obtained from the Public Information Department of the Communication Unit in Directorate-General F (Press, Communication, Transparency), at the following address:

General Secretariat of the CouncilRue de la Loi/Wetstraat 1751048 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 228-15650Fax +32 228-14977E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.consilium.europa.eu

A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu).

Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.

Luxembourg: Publications Offi ce of the European Union, 2012

ISBN 978-92-824-3395-9doi:10.2860/75244

© European Union, 2012

Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

Printed in Belgium

PRINTED ON ELEMENTAL CHLORINE-FREE BLEACHED PAPER (ECF)

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Founding members, 1957:Belgium

Germany

France

Italy

Luxembourg

Netherlands

1973:✚✚

Denmark

Ireland

United Kingdom

1995:✚✚

Austria

Finland

Sweden

2004:✚✚

Czech Republic

Estonia

Cyprus

Latvia

Lithuania

Hungary

Malta

Poland

Slovenia

Slovakia

kg201172_EN_inside_4.indd 2 15/02/12 15:29

1981:✚✚

Greece

1986:✚✚

Spain

Portugal

2007:✚✚

Bulgaria

Romania

The European Union today:

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4

The European Union

The 27 Member States of the EU: see page 9.

Europe Day: 9 May (Schuman Declaration)

European institutions

The European Parliament represents the European

Union’s citizens and is composed of 736 Members

of Parliament elected democratically by direct

universal suffrage every five years. Together with

the Council, it adopts laws proposed by the Euro-

pean Commission, and also adopts the European

budget. In addition, the European Parliament acts

as a means of democratic scrutiny. Its headquar-

ters are in Strasbourg, but it also works in Brussels

and Luxembourg.

www.europarl.europa.eu

The European Council brings together the Heads of

State or Government of the Member States of the

European Union and the President of the European

Commission. It has a President, who is elected for

a term of two and a half years, which is renewable

once. The European Council gives general guide-

lines for the Union’s actions. It does not exercise

any legislative function. The headquarters of the

European Council are in Brussels.

www.european-council.europa.eu

The Council of the European Union (or Council) is

made up of ministers from the Member States who

EUROPEAN UNION

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5

meet according to the subject areas on the agenda

(foreign affairs, finance, transport, agriculture,

etc.). Together with the European Parliament, it

adopts laws and the European budget. The Mem-

ber States take it in turn to chair the Council for

a period of six months. The headquarters of the

Council are in Brussels.

www.consilium.europa.eu

The European Commission is made up of 27 Com-

missioners, one from each Member State. It is an

independent body: the Commissioners defend the

general interests of the European Union and not

the specific interests of their own country. The

Commission proposes laws to the European Parlia-

ment and to the Council, executes their decisions

and sees that the laws and treaties are respected

by the Member States and their citizens. The head-

quarters of the Commission are in Brussels.

www.ec.europa.eu

The Court of Justice of the European Union com-

prises one judge from each Member State. It

reviews the legality of acts of the EU institutions

and ensures that Member States comply with the

treaties. It also interprets European law at the

request of national judges, and ensures its uni-

form application. The headquarters of the Court

of Justice are in Luxembourg.

www.curia.europa.eu

The European Central Bank controls the euro and

manages monetary policy in the euro-area coun-

tries. Its main task is to maintain price stability

in the euro area and thus to protect purchasing

power. The euro area comprises the 17 European

Union countries that have introduced the euro

since 1999. The headquarters of the European

Central Bank are in Frankfurt.

www.ecb.int

The Court of Auditors audits the Union’s finances.

It ensures the proper use of European funds, and

helps the Parliament and the Council to oversee

the European budget. Its headquarters are in

Luxembourg.

www.eca.europa.eu

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6

BELGIUM

BULGARIA

CZECH

REPUBLIC

D E N M A R K

G E R M A N Y

ESTONIA

IRELAND

GREECE

S P A I N

F R A N C E

I T A L Y

CYPRUS

LATVIA

LITHUANIA

LUXEMBOURG

H U N G A R Y

MALTA

THE

NETHERLANDS

A U S T R I A

P O L A N D

R O M A N I ASLOVENIA

SLOVAKIA

F I N L A N D

S W E D E N

UNITED

KINGDOM

PORTUGAL

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7

EU’s Internet suffix: .eu

Emergency number: 112

European Union portal: europa.eu

Studying in the European Union: www.study-in-europe.org

Working in the European Union: ec.europa.eu/eures

Doing research in the European Union: ec.europa.eu/euraxess

(*) The gross domestic product represents the total value of all goods and services produced during a year in one country; it is often

used to express wealth. The PPS (Purchasing Power Standard) is a unit which represents an identical volume of goods and services

for each country, whatever the price levels. Source: Eurostat.

Area: 4 325 991 km2

Population: 501 105 661 (2010)

Population density: 116 per km2 (2008)

GDP/inhabitant (PPS): EUR 24 500 (2010) (*)

Voting age for European Parliament elections: 18 years

Average age: 40.6 (2009)

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8

23 offi cial languages of the EU (*)

Bulgarian (bg)

Spanish (es)

Czech (cs)

Danish (da)

German (de)

Estonian (et)

Greek (el)

English (en)

French (fr)

Irish (ga)

Italian (it)

Latvian (lv)

Lithuanian (lt)

Hungarian (hu)

Maltese (mt)

Dutch (nl)

Polish (pl)

Portuguese (pt)

Romanian (ro)

Slovak (sk)

Slovenian (sl)

Finnish (fi )

Swedish (sv)

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9

Member States (*)

Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Estonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Cyprus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Latvia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Lithuania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Malta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

(*) The official order is the alphabetical order of the names of the countries as written in their respective languages.

Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Slovenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Slovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Candidate countries

Montenegro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Croatia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

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10

GMT+1

Kingdom of Belgium

Political system: monarchy

Belgium is a bicameral parliamentary mon-archy. The Parliament is made up of the House of Representatives (150 members) and the Senate (71 senators, of whom 40 are directly elected, 21 are appointed by the Community parliaments and 10 are co-opted). Members of the House of Representatives and senators are elected by direct universal suff rage for four years. The King is the Head of State, but has no political power. The Prime Minister runs the federal state. The Belgian state is a three-tier

federal state. The upper tier is made up of the federal state, the communities and the regions, which act on an equal footing, but each in their own areas of competence. The middle tier is made up of the provinces, with the communes forming the base.

National Day: 21 July (date when King Leopold I was sworn in — 1830)

Dialling code for the country and capital: +32 2

Country’s Internet suffi x: .be

Head of State’s website: www.monarchie.be

Government website: www.premier.be

BELGIUMCapital: Brussels (population: 1 059 483 — 2010)

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Other cities (*): Antwerp, Ghent, Charleroi, Liege, Bruges

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 61–63 1040 Bruxelles/Brussel BELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22332111 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.diplomatie.be/belgoeurop

Parliament website: www.lachambre.be

Senate website: www.senat.be

Country information: www.belgium.be

Accession: 1957 (founding state)

Number of members in the European Parliament: 22

Schengen Area: yes

Currency: euro (EUR)

People: Belgians

Offi cial languages: German (de), French (fr), Dutch (nl)

Area: 30 528 km2 (2008)

Population: 10 839 905 (2010)


GDP per capita (PPS): EUR 28 900 (2010)

Voting age: 18, voting compulsory

(*) Includes the three to five most highly populated cities.

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Republic of Bulgaria

Political system: republic

Bulgaria has a unicameral parliamentary sys-tem. The National Assembly (Narodno Sobra-nie) has 240 members elected for four years. The Head of State is the President of the Repub-lic, elected for fi ve years, but the main execu-tive power lies with the Council of Ministers.

National Day: 3 March (date of independence from the Ottoman Empire — 1878)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .bg

Head of State’s website: www.president.bg

Government website: www.government.bg

Parliament website: www.parliament.bg

Country information: www.bulgariatravel.org

Accession: 2007

BULGARIACapital: Sofi a (population: 1 123 404 — 2010)

GMT+2

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Schengen Area: no

Currency: lev (BGN)

People: Bulgarians

Offi cial language: Bulgarian (bg)

Area: 111 002 km2 (2009)

Population: 7 563 710 (2010)

Population density: 68.7 per km2 (2008)


Voting age: 18, voting not compulsory


Other cities: Plovdiv, Varna, Burgas, Ruse, Stara Zagora

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Square Marie-Louise/Maria-Louizasquare 491000 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22358300E-mail: [email protected]: www.mfa.bg/en/95/

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Czech Republic


The bicameral parliament is composed of the Chamber of Deputies (Poslanecká sněmovna), which has 200 members elected for four years, and the Senate, which has 81 sen-ators elected by direct universal suff rage for six years, with one third of the seats renewed every two years. The President of the Republic is elected by the Parliament every fi ve years. The President appoints the Prime Minister, who exercises executive power together with the government.

National Day: 28 October (founding of the independent Czechoslovak state — 1918)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .cz

Head of State’s website: www.hrad.cz

Government website: www.vlada.cz

Parliament website: www.psp.cz

Senate website: www.senat.cz

Country information: www.czech.cz

Accession: 2004

CZECH REPUBLICCapital: Prague (population: 1 185 340 — 2010)

GMT+1

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Schengen Area: yes

Currency: Czech crown (CZK)

People: Czechs

Offi cial language: Czech (cs)

Area: 78 865 km2 (2009)

Population: 10 506 813 (2010)





Other cities: Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň, Olomouc, Liberec

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Rue Caroly/Carolystraat 15 1050 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22139111E-mail: [email protected]: www.czechrep.be

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DENMARKCapital: Copenhagen (population: 1 080 638 — 2010)

Kingdom of Denmark


Denmark has a unicameral parliamentary system. The People’s Assembly (Folketinget) is composed of 179 members elected for four years. The Queen is the Head of State and appoints the Prime Minister, but has no political power. Denmark has two autono-mous regions — Greenland and the Faroe Islands — which are part of it.

National Day: 5 June (signing of the Danish Constitution — 1849)

Dialling code for the country and capital: +45

Country’s Internet suffi x: .dk

Head of State’s website: www.kongehuset.dk

Government website: www.stm.dk

Parliament website: www.ft.dk

Country information: www.denmark.dk

Accession: 1973


GMT+1

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Schengen Area: yes

Currency: Danish crown (DKK)

People: Danes

Offi cial language: Danish (da)

Area: 43 098 km2 (2009)

Population: 5 534 738 (2010)





Other cities: Aarhus, Odense, Aalborg, Esbjerg, Randers

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Rue d’Arlon/Aarlenstraat 73 1040 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22330811E-mail: [email protected]: www.eurepraesentationen.um.dk

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Federal Republic of Germany


The bicameral parliament is made up of the Federal Assembly (Bundestag: around 600 members elected for four years) and the Federal Council (Bundesrat: 69 members appointed by the governments of the federal states, or Länder. Each federal state appoints between three and six members depending on the size of its population). The Head of State is the President of the Republic. The President is elected by indirect suff rage for a term of fi ve years, renewable once, but the role is essen-tially honorary and representative, as execu-tive power is in fact exercised by the Federal Chancellor.

Germany is a decentralised state, made up of federal states, districts and municipalities. Power is shared between the Federal Govern-ment and the Länder.

National Day: 3 October (German Unity Day — 1990)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .de

Head of State’s website: www.bundespraesident.de

Government website: www.bundesregierung.de

Bundestag website: www.bundestag.de

GERMANYCapital: Berlin (population: 3 431 675 — 2010)

GMT+1

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Bundesrat website: www.bundesrat.de

Country information: www.deutschland.de



Schengen Area: yes


People: Germans

Offi cial language: German (de)

Area: 357 108 km2 (2008)

Population: 81 802 257 (2010)





Other cities: Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Rue Jacques de Lalaing/Jacques de Lalaingstraat 8–14 1040 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 27871000E-mail: [email protected]: www.bruessel-eu.diplo.de

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GMT+2

Republic of Estonia


Estonia has a unicameral parliamentary sys-tem. The Parliament (Riigikogu) is composed of 101 members elected for four years. The President of the Republic is elected by the Parliament for fi ve years. The President has a primarily representative function, as executive power rests with the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament.

National Day: 24 February (date of the declaration of independence from Russia — 1918)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .ee

Head of State’s website: www.president.ee

Government website: www.valitsus.ee

Parliament website: www.riigikogu.ee

Country information: www.estonia.eu

Accession: 2004


ESTONIACapital: Tallinn (population: 393 013 — 2010)

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Schengen Area: yes


People: Estonians

Offi cial language: Estonian (et)

Area: 45 227 km2 (2009)

Population: 1 340 127 (2010)





Other cities: Tartu, Narva, Kohtla-Järve

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Rue Guimard/Guimardstraat 11–131040 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 27790755E-mail: [email protected]: www.estemb.be

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GMT

IRELANDCapital: Dublin (population 1 069 861 — 2010)

Ireland

Political system: republic.

Ireland has a bicameral parliamentary system. The Parliament (Oireachtas) is composed of the Chamber of Deputies (Dáil Éireann: 166 mem-bers elected for five years) and the Senate (Seanad Éireann: 60 senators; 11 appointed by the Prime Minister and the others by vari-ous civil society groups, for five years). The President of the Republic is elected for seven years by direct universal suffrage, with the term renewable once. The President has no specifi c executive powers; these rest with the Prime Minister.

National Day: 17 March (St Patrick’s Day)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .ie

Head of State’s website: www.president.ie

Government website: www.gov.ie

Parliament website (Chamber of Deputies and Senate): www.oireachtas.ie

Country information: www.tourismireland.com

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Accession: 1973


Schengen Area: no


People: Irish

Offi cial languages: Irish (ga), English (en)

Area: 69 797 km2 (2009)

Population: 4 467 854 (2010)





Other cities: Cork, Galway, Waterford

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Rue Froissart/Froissartstraat 501040 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22308580Internet: www.irelandrepbrussels.be

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Hellenic Republic


Greece has a unicameral parliamentary sys-tem. The Greek Parliament (Voulí ton Ellínon, or Council of the Greeks) has 300 members elected for four years. The President of the Republic is elected by the Parliament for fi ve years. The term may be renewed once. The President is the Head of State, but has no political power. Executive power rests with the Prime Minister.

National Day: 25 March (date of independence from the Ottoman Empire — 1821)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .gr

Head of State’s website: www.presidency.gr

Government website: www.government.gr

Parliament website: www.hellenicparliament.gr

Country information: www.visitgreece.gr

Accession: 1981

GREECECapital: Athens (population: 3 761 810 — 2009)

GMT+2

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Schengen Area: yes


People: Greeks

Offi cial language: Greek (el)

Area: 131 957 km2 (2009)

Population: 11 305 118 (2010)





Other cities: Thessaloniki, Piraeus, Patras, Peristeri, Heraklion

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Rue Jacques de Lalaing/Jacques de Lalaingstraat 19–21 1040 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 25515611E-mail: [email protected]: www.greekembassy-press.be

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Kingdom of Spain


Spain has a bicameral parliamentary system. The Parliament (Cortes Generales) is composed of the Chamber of Deputies (Congreso de los Diputados: 350 members elected for four years) and the Senate (Senado: 264 seats fi lled for four years; 208 senators are elected at provin-cial level by direct universal suff rage; in addi-tion, each autonomous community appoints at least one senator, with one additional senator for every million inhabitants in its territory). Spain is a highly decentralised state, com-

posed of 17 autonomous communities and two autonomous cities.

National Day: 12 October (Hispanic Day, anniversary of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus — 1492)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .es

Head of State’s website: www.casareal.es

Government website: www.lamoncloa.gob.es

Chamber of Deputies website: www.congreso.es

Senate website: www.senado.es

SPAINCapital: Madrid (population: 3 137 083 — 2010)

GMT+1

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Country information: www.spain.info

Accession: 1986


Schengen Area: yes


People: Spanish

Offi cial language: Spanish (es)

Area: 505 990 km2 (2009)

Population: 45 989 016 (2010)





Other cities: Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Zaragoza, Malaga

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Boulevard du Régent/Regentlaan 521000 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 25098611E-mail: [email protected]: www.es-ue.org

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French Republic


France has a bicameral parliamentary system. The Parliament is composed of the National Assembly (Assemblée nationale) (577 members elected for fi ve years) and the senate (Sénat: 348 senators are elected by an electoral col-lege for six years, with half the seats up for re-election every three years). The President of the Republic is elected by direct universal suff rage for fi ve years. He/she may not serve more than two consecutive terms. The Presi-dent has considerable political powers and

appoints the Prime Minister. France also has overseas departments and territories which enjoy a specifi c individual status within the Republic. More information can be found at www.outre-mer.gouv.fr.

National Day: 14 July (Bastille Day — 1789)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .fr

Head of State’s website: www.elysee.fr

Government website: www.gouvernement.fr

National Assembly website: www.assemblee-nationale.fr

FRANCECapital: Paris (population: 2 142 800 — 2010)

GMT+1

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Senate website: www.senat.fr

Country information: www.france.fr



Schengen Area: yes


People: French

Offi cial language: French (fr)

Area: 632 833 km2 (2009)

Population: 64 716 310 (2010)





Other cities: Marseille, Lyon, Toulouse, Nice, Nantes

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Place de Louvain/Leuvenseplein 141000 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22298211E-mail: [email protected]: www.rpfrance.eu

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Italian Republic


The Parliament is bicameral and is composed of the Chamber of Deputies (Camera dei Deputati: 630 members elected for fi ve years) and the Senate (Senato della Repubblica: 315 senators elected for fi ve years at provincial level, with a few life senators who are appointed by the Head of State or who are former Presidents of the Republic). The Head of State is the Presi-dent of the Republic. The President is elected by indirect universal suff rage for seven years, but the role is essentially honorary and repre-

sentative, since executive power is exercised by the President of the Council of Ministers.

Italy is made up of regions, provinces and municipalities. Five regions have a special status with greater autonomy (Sicily, Sardinia, Trentino-Alto-Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Val d’Aosta).

National Day: 2 June (anniversary of the proclamation of the Republic — 1946)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .it

Head of State’s website: www.quirinale.it

ITALYCapital: Rome (population: 2 473 972 — 2010)

GMT+1

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Government website: www.governo.it

Chamber of Deputies website: www.camera.it

Senate website: www.senato.it

Country information: www.italia.it



Schengen Area: yes


People: Italians

Offi cial language: Italian (it)

Area: 301 336 km2 (2009)

Population: 60 340 328 (2010)



Voting age: 18 (25 for elections to the Senate), voting not compulsory


Other cities: Milan, Naples, Turin, Palermo, Genoa

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Rue du Marteau/Hamerstraat 7–151000 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22200411E-mail: [email protected]: www.italiaue.esteri.it

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Republic of Cyprus


Cyprus has a unicameral parliamentary system. The Parliament is composed of the House of Representatives (Vouli ton Antiprosópon), which has 80 members, 56 of whom are elected for fi ve years by direct universal suff rage, with the other 24 seats reserved for the Turkish com-munity, but vacant since 1964. There are also three representatives of religious minorities (Maronites, Catholics and Armenians) who have observer status. The President of the Republic is elected by universal suff rage for fi ve years.

National Day: 1 October (anniversary of the proclamation of the Republic — 1960)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .cy

Head of State’s website: www.presidency.gov.cy

Parliament website: www.parliament.cy

Country information: www.cyprus.gov.cy

Accession: 2004


Schengen Area: no

CYPRUSCapital: Nicosia (population: 217 606 — 2010)

GMT+2

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People: Cypriots

Offi cial languages: Greek (el), Turkish (tr)

Area: 9 250 km2 (2009)

Population: 803 147 (2009)





Other cities: Limassol, Larnaka, Paphos

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Avenue de Cortenbergh/Kortenberglaan 61 1000 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 27353510E-mail: [email protected]

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34

Republic of Latvia


Latvia has a unicameral parliamentary sys-tem. The Parliament (Saeima) has 100 mem-bers elected for four years. The President of the Republic is elected by the Parliament for four years and may not serve more than two consecutive terms. The President appoints the Prime Minister.

National Day: 18 November (anniversary of the proclamation of the Republic of Latvia — 1918)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .lv

Head of State’s website: www.president.lv

Government website: www.mk.gov.lv

Parliament website: www.saeima.lv

Country information: www.li.lv

Accession: 2004


LATVIACapital: Riga (population: 706 036 — 2010)

GMT+2

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Schengen Area: yes

Currency: lats (LVL)

People: Latvians

Offi cial language: Latvian (lv)

Area: 64 559 km2 (2009)

Population: 2 248 374 (2010)





Other cities: Daugavpils, Liepāja, Jelgava

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Avenue des Arts/Kunstlaan 231000 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22383100E-mail: [email protected]: www.am.gov.lv/en/brussels/

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Republic of Lithuania


Lithuania has a unicameral parliamentary sys-tem. The Parliament (Seimas) has 141 mem-bers elected for four years: 71 elected by direct universal suffrage on a first-past-the-post system and 70 under a system of proportional representation. The President of the Republic is elected by direct universal suff rage for fi ve years. He/she may not serve more than two consecutive terms.

National Day: 16 February (date of independence from Russia — 1918)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .lt

Head of State’s website: www.president.lt

Government website: www.lrvk.lt

Parliament website: www.lrs.lt

Country information: www.lietuva.lt

Accession: 2004


Schengen Area: yes

LITHUANIACapital: Vilnius (population: 542 947 — 2010)

GMT+2

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Currency: litas (LTL)

People: Lithuanians

Offi cial language: Lithuanian (lt)

Area: 65 300 km2 (2009)

Population: 3 329 039 (2010)





Other cities: Kaunas, Klaipėda, Šiauliai

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Rue Belliard/Belliardstraat 41–431040 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 27710140E-mail: offi [email protected]: www.eurep.mfa.lt

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Grand Duchy of Luxembourg


Luxembourg has a hereditary Grand Duke and a unicameral parliamentary system. The Grand Duke is the Head of State. He appoints the Prime Minister, who is head of the executive. The Parliament is composed of the Chamber of Deputies (Chamber/Abgeordnetenkammer/Chambre des Députés), which has 60 members elected for fi ve years.

National Day: 23 June (offi cial birthday of the Grand Duke)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .lu

Head of State’s website: www.monarchie.lu

Government website: www.gouvernement.lu

Parliament website: www.chd.lu

Country information: www.luxembourg.lu



LUXEMBOURGCapital: Luxembourg (population: 75 185 — 2010)

GMT+1

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Schengen Area: yes


People: Luxembourgers

Offi cial languages: German (de), French (fr), Luxembourgish (lb)

Area: 2 586 km2 (2009)

Population: 502 066 (2010)





Other cities: Esch-sur-Alzette, Dudelange, Schiffl ange

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Avenue de Cortenbergh/Kortenberglaan 75 1000 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 27375600E-mail: [email protected]

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Hungary


Hungary has a unicameral parliamentary system. The Parliament is composed of the National Assembly (Országgyűlés), which has 386 members elected for four years. The Presi-dent of the Republic is elected by the Parlia-ment every fi ve years. The President proposes the appointment of the Prime Minister to the Parliament, which must give its agreement.

National Day: 20 August (St Stephen’s Day)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .hu

Head of State’s website: www.keh.hu

Government website: www.kormany.hu

Parliament website: www.parlament.hu

Country information: www.hungary.hu

Accession: 2004


Schengen Area: yes

HUNGARYCapital: Budapest (population: 1 645 091 — 2010)

GMT+1

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Currency: forint (HUF)

People: Hungarians

Offi cial language: Hungarian (hu)

Area: 93 027 km2 (2009)

Population: 10 014 324 (2010)

Population density: 107.9 km2 (2008)




Other cities: Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc, Pécs, Győr

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Rue de Trèves/Trierstraat 92–981040 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22341200E-mail: [email protected]: www.hunrep.be

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42

Republic of Malta

Political system: parliamentary republic

Malta has a unicameral parliamentary sys-tem. The House of Representatives (Kamra tar-Rappreżentanti) has 69 members elected for fi ve years. The President of the Republic is elected by the Parliament for fi ve years and appoints the Prime Minister.

National Day: 21 September (Independence Day — 1964)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .mt

Head of State’s website: www.president.gov.mt

Government website: www.gov.mt

Parliament website: www.parlament.mt

Country information: www.doi.gov.mt

Accession: 2004


MALTACapital: Valletta (population: 5 666 — 2010)

GMT+1

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Schengen Area: yes


People: Maltese

Offi cial languages: Maltese (mt), English (en)

Area: 316 km2 (2009)

Population: 412 970 (2010)

Population density: 1 303.6 per km2 (2008)



Average age: 39 (2009)

Other cities: Birkirkara, Mosta, San Pawl il-Baħar

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Rue Archimède/Archimedesstraat 251000 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 23430195E-mail: [email protected]: www.foreign.gov.mt

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NETHERLANDSConstitutional capital: Amsterdam (760 949 — 2010)

Seat of the Court, the Government and the Parliament: The Hague (population: 490 844 — 2010)

Kingdom of the Netherlands


The Netherlands has a bicameral parliamentary system. The Parliament (Staten Generaal) is composed of the Senate (Eerste Kamer — First Chamber: 75 members elected for four years by indirect universal suff rage by the 12 provinces of the Kingdom) and the House of Represen-tatives (Tweede Kamer — Second Chamber: 150 members elected for four years by direct universal suff rage). The Queen is the Head of State and appoints the Prime Minister, but has no real political power. The Netherlands also has island territories in the Antilles.

National Day: 30 April (Queen’s Day)

Dialling code for the country and capital: +31 20 Amsterdam, +31 70 The Hague

Country’s Internet suffi x: .nl

Head of State’s website: www.koninklijkhuis.nl

Government website: www.regering.nl

Parliament website: www.parlement.nl

Senate website: www.eerstekamer.nl

House of Representatives website: www.tweedekamer.nl

Country information: www.overheid.nl

Accession: 1957 (founding State)

GMT+1

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Schengen Area: yes


People: Dutch

Offi cial language: Dutch (nl)

Area: 41 543 km2 (2009)

Population: 16 574 989 (2010)





Other cities: Rotterdam, Utrecht, Eindhoven, Tilburg, Almere

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Avenue de Cortenbergh/Kortenberglaan 4–10 1040 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 26791511E-mail: [email protected]: http://eu.nlmission.org

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Republic of Austria


Austria has a bicameral parliamentary sys-tem. The Parliament (Bundesversammlung) is composed of the National Council (National-rat: 183 members elected for fi ve years) and the Federal Council (Bundesrat: 62 members appointed by the provinces for the dura-tion of the legislative period in the province concerned; each one appoints between 3 and 12 members depending of the size of its population). The President of the Republic is elected by universal suff rage for six years. The President has an essentially representative role

and appoints the Federal Chancellor. Austria is composed of nine autonomous regions with some autonomous powers.

National Day: 26 October (adoption of Austria’s Law of Neutrality — 1955)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .at

Head of State’s website: www.hofburg.at

Government website: www.austria.gv.at

Parliament website: www.parlament.gv.at

Country information: www.help.gv.at

AUSTRIACapital: Vienna (population: 1 707 864 — 2010)

GMT+1

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Accession: 1995


Schengen Area: yes


People: Austrians

Offi cial language: German (de)

Area: 83 879 km2 (2009)

Population: 8 375 290 (2010)





Other cities: Graz, Linz, Salzburg, Innsbruck, Klagenfurt

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Avenue de Cortenbergh/Kortenberglaan 30 1040 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22345100E-mail: [email protected]: www.aussenministerium.at/bruesselov

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Republic of Poland


Poland has a bicameral parliamentary sys-tem. The Parliament is composed of the Sejm (460 members elected for four years) and the Senate (100 members elected for four years). The President of the Republic is elected by direct universal suff rage for fi ve years. The term may be renewed once. The President appoints the Prime Minister and has a right of veto over the promulgation of laws.

The two main national days are 11 Novem-ber (restoration of independence in 1918) and 3 May (1791 Constitution).


Country’s Internet suffi x: .pl

Head of State’s website: www.president.pl

Government website: www.premier.gov.pl

Sejm website: www.sejm.gov.pl

Senate website: www.senat.gov.pl

Country information: www.poland.gov.pl

POLANDCapital: Warsaw (population: 1 709 578 — 2010)

GMT+1

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Accession: 2004


Schengen Area: yes

Currency: zloty (PLN)

People: Poles

Offi cial language: Polish (pl)

Area: 312 685 km2 (2008)

Population: 38 167 329 (2010)





Other cities: Cracow, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Rue Stevin/Stevinstraat 1391000 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 27804200E-mail: [email protected]: www.brukselaeu.polemb.net

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Portuguese Republic


Portugal has a unicameral parliamentary sys-tem. The Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da República) is composed of 230 members elected for four years. The President of the Republic is elected by direct universal suff rage for fi ve years. He/she appoints the Prime Min-ister and assumes a mediation role. Portugal comprises 18 districts and two autonomous regions (Madeira and the Azores).

National Day: 10 June (anniversary of the death of the poet Luis de Camões — 1580)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .pt

Head of State’s website: www.presidencia.pt

Government website: www.portugal.gov.pt

Parliament website: www.parlamento.pt

Country information: www.portugalglobal.pt

Accession: 1986

PORTUGALCapital: Lisbon (population: 473 589 –2010)

GMT

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Schengen Area: yes


People: Portuguese

Offi cial language: Portuguese (pt)

Area: 92 094 km2 (2009)

Population: 10 760 305 (2011)





Other cities: Porto, Amadora, Braga, Queluz, Setúbal

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Avenue de Cortenbergh/Kortenberglaan 121040 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22864211E-mail: [email protected]: www.reper-portugal.be

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Romania


The Parliament (Parlamentul României) is composed of the Chamber of Deputies (Cam-era Deputatilor: 332 members elected for four years) and the Senate (Senat: 137 senators elected for four years). The President of the Republic is elected by universal suff rage for a term of fi ve years, which may be renewed once. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament, with the President mainly having the role of representation and mediation.

National Day: 1 December (Union of Transylvania with the former Kingdom of Romania — 1918)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .ro

Head of State’s website: www.presidency.ro

Government website: www.guv.ro

Parliament website: www.cdep.ro

Senate website: www.senat.ro

Country information: www.romaniatourism.com

Accession: 2007

ROMANIACapital: Bucharest (population: 1 918 256 — 2010)

GMT+2

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Schengen Area: no

Currency: Romanian leu (RON)

People: Romanians

Offi cial language: Romanian (ro)

Area: 238 391 km2 (2009)

Population: 21 462 186 (2010)




Average age: 38 (2009)

Other cities: Cluj-Napoca, Constanţa, Craiova, Galaţi, Iaşi

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Rue Montoyer/Montoyerstraat 12 1000 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 27000640E-mail: [email protected]: ue.mae.ro/

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Republic of Slovenia

Political system: republic.

Slovenia has a bicameral parliamentary system. The Parliament is composed of the National Assembly (Državni zbor: 90 members elected for four years, two seats being reserved for the Hungarian and Italian minorities) and the Council of State (Državni svet: 40 members elected by indirect suff rage for fi ve years). The President of the Republic is elected by direct universal suff rage every fi ve years. The Presi-dent proposes the appointment of the Prime Minister to the Parliament, which must give its agreement.

National Day: 25 June (date of independence from the former Yugoslavia — 1991)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .si

Head of State’s website: www.up-rs.si

Government website: www.vlada.si

National Assembly website: www.dz-rs.si

Council of State website: www.ds-rs.si

Country information: www.slovenia.si

Accession: 2004

SLOVENIACapital: Ljubljana (population: 257 673 — 2010)

GMT+1

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Schengen Area: yes


People: Slovenians

Offi cial language: Slovenian (sl)

Area: 20 273 km2 (2009)

Population: 2 046 976 (2010)





Other cities: Maribor, Celje, Kranj

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Rue du Commerce/Handelsstraat 441000 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22136300E-mail: [email protected]: www.brussels.representation.si

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Slovak Republic


Slovakia has a unicameral parliamentary system. The Parliament is composed of the National Council of the Slovak Republic (Národná rada Slovenskej republiky) and has 150 members elected for four years. The Presi-dent of the Republic is elected by direct univer-sal suff rage every fi ve years. He/she has only limited power. Executive power is essentially exercised by the Prime Minister.

National Day: 1 September (anniversary of the Constitution of the Republic — 1992)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .sk

Head of State’s website: www.prezident.sk

Government website: www.government.gov.sk

Parliament website: www.nrsr.sk

Country information: www.slovakia.travel

Accession: 2004

SLOVAKIACapital: Bratislava (population: 422 696 — 2010)

GMT+1

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Schengen Area: yes


People: Slovakians

Offi cial language: Slovak (sk)

Area: 49 036 km2 (2009)

Population: 5 424 925 (2010)




Average age: 36.5

Other cities: Košice, Prešov, Žilina, Nitra, Banská Bystrica

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Avenue de Cortenbergh/Kortenberglaan 79 1000 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 27436811E-mail: [email protected]: www.eubrussels.mfa.sk

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Republic of Finland


Finland has a unicameral parliamentary system. The Parliament (Eduskunta) has 200 members elected for four years. The President of the Republic is elected by uni-versal suff rage for six years. He/she may not serve more than two consecutive terms. The Prime Minister is elected by the Parliament and formally appointed by the President.

National Day: 6 December (date of independence from the Russian Empire — 1917)


Country’s Internet suffix: .fi

Head of State’s website: www.tpk.fi

Government website: www.vn.fi

Parliament website: www.eduskunta.fi

Country information: www.finland.fi

Accession: 1995


Schengen Area: yes

GMT+2

FINLANDCapital: Helsinki (population: 575 570 — 2010)

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People: Finns

Official languages: Finnish (fi), Swedish (sv)

Area: 338 424 km2 (2009)

Population: 5 351 427 (2010)




Average age: 41.8

Other cities: Espoo, Tampere, Vantaa, Turku, Oulu

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Rue de Trèves/Trierstraat 1001040 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22878411E-mail: [email protected]: www.finland.eu

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Kingdom of Sweden


Sweden has a unicameral parliamentary sys-tem. The Parliament (Sveriges riksdag) has 349 members elected for four years. The King is the Head of State, but has no political power. The Prime Minister is appointed by Parliament.

National Day: 6 June (anniversary of King Gustav Vasa’s accession to the throne — 1523)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .se

Head of State’s website: www.kungahuset.se

Government website: www.sweden.gov.se

Parliament website: www.riksdagen.se

Country information: www.sweden.se

Accession: 1995


Schengen Area: yes

Currency: Swedish crown (SEK)

People: Swedes

Offi cial language: Swedish (sv)

SWEDENCapital: Stockholm (population: 1 279 658 — 2010)

GMT+1

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Area: 441 369 km2 (2009)

Population: 9 340 682 (2010)





Other cities: Gothenburg, Malmö, Uppsala, Västerås, Örebro

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Square de Meeûs/De Meeûssquare 30 1000 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22895611E-mail: [email protected]: www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/2250

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The United Kingdom of Great

Britain and Northern Ireland


The Parliament is composed of the House of Commons, which has 650 members elected for fi ve years, and the House of Lords, which has some 830 members divided into three categories: hereditary peers, 26 bishops and archbishops of the Church of England, and life peers. The Queen is Head of State, but her role is essentially ceremonial and representative. Executive power is exercised by the Prime

Minister. The United Kingdom is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

National Day: Queen’s offi cial birthday


Country’s Internet suffi x: .uk

Head of State’s website: www.royal.gov.uk

Government website: www.number10.gov.uk

Parliament website: www.parliament.uk

Country information: www.visitbritain.com

Accession: 1973

UNITED KINGDOMCapital: London (population: 7 744 942 — 2010)

GMT

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Schengen Area: no

Currency: pound sterling (GBP)

People: British

Offi cial language: English (en)

Area: 243 069 km2 (2007)

Population: 62 008 048 (2010)





Other cities: Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Leeds

Permanent Representation to the European Union:Avenue d’Auderghem/Oudergemlaan 101040 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22878211E-mail: [email protected]: www.ukeu.fco.gov.uk/en/

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GMT+1

Republic of Montenegro


Montenegro has a unicameral parliamentary system. The Parliament has 81 members elected by universal suff rage for four years. The President of the Republic is elected by univer-sal suff rage for fi ve years. He/she appoints the Prime Minister, whose appointment must be approved by Parliament.

National Day: 13 July (independence from the Ottoman Empire — 1878)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .me

Head of State’s website: www.predsjednik.me

Government website: www.gov.me

Parliament website: www.skupstina.me

Country information: www.montenegro.travel

Candidate country since: 2010

Schengen Area: no

MONTENEGROCapital: Podgorica (population: 146 674 — 2010)

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Currency: euro (EUR)Adopted unilaterally; Montenegro is not part of the euro area.

People: Montenegrins

Offi cial language: Montenegrin

Area: 13 812 km2

Population: 632 922 (2010)


GDP per capita (PPS): approx. EUR 4 096 (2009 estimate by the World Bank)

Voting age: 18 and two years of residence, voting not compulsory

Average age: 37.8 (2011 estimate)

Other cities: Nikšić, Pljevlja, Bar

Mission to the European Union:Rue Marie-Thérèse/Maria-Theresiastraat 341210 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22235561E-mail: [email protected]: www.mip.gov.me

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GMT+1

Republic of Croatia


Croatia has a unicameral parliamentary sys-tem. The Parliament (Sabor) has 153 members elected for four years. The President of the Republic is elected by direct universal suff rage for fi ve years and appoints the Prime Minister. Croatia is composed of counties (Županija) and municipalities which have decentralised powers.

National Day: 25 June (date of independence from the former Yugoslavia — 1991)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .hr

Head of State’s website: www.predsjednik.hr

Government website: www.vlada.hr

Parliament website: www.sabor.hr

Country information: http://croatia.hr

Candidate country since: 2004. Accession Treaty signed on 9 December 2011.

Schengen Area: no

CROATIACapital: Zagreb (population: 706 653 — 2010)

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Currency: kuna (HRK)

People: Croats

Offi cial language: Croatian (hr)

Area: 87 661 km2 (2009)

Population: 4 425 747 (2010)





Other cities: Split, Rijeka, Osijek

Mission to the European Union:Avenue des Arts/Kunstlaan 501000 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 25075411E-mail: [email protected]: http://eu.mfa.hr

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Republic of Iceland


Iceland has a unicameral parliamentary sys-tem. The Althing, Iceland’s Parliament, has 63 members elected for four years. The Presi-dent is elected by direct universal suff rage for four years and may be re-elected several times. Executive power rests with the Prime Minister.

National Day: 17 June (proclamation of independence from Denmark — 1944)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .is

Head of State’s website: www.forseti.is

Government website: www.government.is

Parliament website: www.althingi.is

Country information: www.iceland.is


Schengen Area: yes

Currency: Icelandic krona (ISK)

ICELANDCapital: Reykjavik (population: 119 149 — 2010)

GMT

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People: Icelanders

Offi cial language: Icelandic (is)

Area: 103 000 km2 (2009)

Population: 317 630 (2010)





Other cities: Kópavogur, Hafnarfj örður, Akureyri

Mission to the European Union:Rond-Point Schuman/Schumanplein 111040 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22385000E-mail: [email protected]: www.iceland.is/be

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GMT+1

Former Yugoslav Republic

of Macedonia


The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia has a unicameral parliamentary system. The Parliament (Sobranie) has 123 members elected for four years. The President of the Republic is elected for fi ve years and has no executive power.

National Day: 2 August (date of the uprising against the Ottoman Empire — 1903)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .mk

Head of State’s website: www.president.gov.mk

Government website: www.vlada.mk

Parliament website: www.sobranie.mk

Country information: www.exploringmacedonia.com


Schengen Area: no

Currency: denar (MKD)

FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC

OF MACEDONIA Capital: Skopje (population: 482 626 — 2010)

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People: inhabitants of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Offi cial language: language of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Area: 25 713 km2 (2009)

Population: 2 052 722 (2010)





Other cities: Kumanovo, Bitola, Tetovo

Mission to the European Union:Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 381000 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22350350E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]

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Republic of Turkey


Turkey has a unicameral parliamentary system. The Parliament (Grand National Assembly) has 550 members elected for fi ve years. The President of the Republic is elected by direct universal suff rage for fi ve years. The term may be renewed once. The President appoints the Prime Minister.

National Day: 29 October (foundation of the Republic — 1923)


Country’s Internet suffi x: .tr

Head of State’s website: www.tccb.gov.tr

Government website: www.basbakanlik.gov.tr

Parliament website: www.tbmm.gov.tr

Country information: www.kultur.gov.tr


Schengen Area: no

GMT+2

TURKEYCapital: Ankara (population: 4 082 184 — 2010)

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Currency: lira (TRY)

People: Turks

Offi cial language: Turkish (tr)

Area: 783 562 km2 (2009)

Population: 73 722 988 (2010)





Other cities: Istanbul, Izmir, Bursa, Adana, Gaziantep, Konya

Mission to the European Union:Rue Montoyer/Montoyerstraat 41000 Bruxelles/BrusselBELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 25132836E-mail: [email protected]: www.bruksel.be.mfa.gov.tr

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General Secretariat of the Council

The European Union — Facts and fi gures

Luxembourg: Publications Offi ce of the European Union

2012 — 73 pp. — 14 × 14 cm

ISBN 978-92-824-3395-9

doi:10.2860/75244

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Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 1751048 Bruxelles/Brussel

BELGIQUE/BELGIËTel. +32 22816111

www.european-council.europa.euwww.consilium.europa.eu

QC

-30

-11

-29

9-E

N-C

doi:10.2860/75244

ISBN 978-92-824-3395-9

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Documents

EN - Hrvatski saborknjiznica.sabor.hr/pdf/E_publikacije/The_EU_facts_and_figures.pdf · Emergency number: 112 European Union portal: europa.eu Studying in the European Union: Working