EN 212.3 - Final Research Paper Light-Emitting Diodes Paul M. Cabacungan ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITY Environment Friendly Lights Have a Brighter Future

EN 212.3 - Final Research Paper Light-Emitting Diodes Paul M. Cabacungan

ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITYATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITYATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITY

Environment Friendly Lights Have a Brighter Future in the Lighting Industry


ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITYATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITY

http://electronics.how stuffw orks.com


ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITYATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITYIncandescent Bulb



ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITYATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITYIncandescent Bulb Fluorescent Lights






ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITYATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITYIncandescent Bulb Fluorescent Lights Light Emitting Diode






ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITYATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITYIncandescent Bulb Fluorescent Lights Light Emitting Diode

Structure

http://electronics.howstu

ffworks.com

Life Span 1,000-2,000 hours 11,250-30,000 hours 100,000-1,000,000 hours http://en.wikipedia.org/w

iki/Light-emitting_diode

Maintenance approx. 1.5 - 3 months approx. 1.25-2.5 years approx. 10-100 years EERE Consumer's Guide: Compact Fluorescent

Lamps. U.S. Department Luminous Efficiency (Brightness in lm/W)

15 100 150 "Nichia Unveils White LED with 150 lm/W

Luminous Efficiency", Electricity Cost (for 800–900 lumens at a rate of $0.10/kWh)

$48.00 $11.20 (no data available) EERE Consumer's Guide: Compact Fluorescent

Lamps. U.S. Department Durability breaks when dropped breaks when dropped very durable http://en.wikipedia.org/w


Cost / Kilolumen few dollars few dollars $100 http://optics.org/cws/art

icle/industry/30753

Disposal Cost $ 0-25 per ft. bulb $ 1 per 4 ft. lamp (no data available) Business Source Premier - Lamp disposal. Chain Store Age, 10870601, Safety/Effects on the

EnvironmentSome incandescent bulbs in

the form of black lights contain mercury.

Contains Mercury Non-toxic materials http://en.wikipedia.org/w




Sources:

REFERENCESAuthor/s Cited:Curtis, Susan. “LEDs Shine Brighter, but Cost Concerns Remain.” Optics and Laser Europe 3 August 2007 <http://optics.org/cws/article/industry/30753>.Fenley, Gareth. “Confronting the Dark Side of Lighting.” Display & Design Ideas July 2002, Vol. 14, Issue 7, Business Source Premier<http://web.ebscohost.com/bsi/detail?vid=19&hid=106&sid=78b23850-5ad6-4448-b746-792e84a40882%40sessionmgr9>.Harris, Tom. “How Fluorescent Lamps Work.” <http://electronics.howstuffworks.com>.Harris, Tom. “How Light Bulbs Work.” <http://electronics.howstuffworks.com>.Harris, Tom. “How Light-emitting Diodes Work.” <http://electronics.howstuffworks.com>.Kedrosky, Paul. “A Bright Idea.” Business 2.0 July 2006, Vol. 7, Issue 6, Business Source Premier <http://web.ebscohost.com/bsi/detail?vid=29&hid=4&sid=78b23850-5ad6-4448-b746-792e84a40882%40sessionmgr9>.



Merryweather, Scott. “National Electrical Manufacturers Association, U.S. EPA (Environment Protection Agency).” Waste News <http://web.ebscohost.com/bsi/detail?vid=12&hid=106&sid=78b23850-5ad6-4448-b746-792e84a40882%40sessionmgr9>. Murphy, Elena E. “Industry Zaps the Mercury from Lamps.” Purchasing 9 May 1996

<http://web.ebscohost.com/bsi/pdf?vid=21&hid=6&sid=78b23850-5ad6-4448-b746-792e84a40882%40sessionmgr9>.

No Author/s Cited:“Environmental issues: Lamp Disposal.” Chain Store Age Executive with Shopping CenterAge December 1993, Vol. 69, Issue 12, Business Source Premier, <http://web.ebscohost.com/bsi/detail?vid=21&hid=106&sid=78b23850-5ad6-4448-b746-792e84a40882%40sessionmgr9>.“Fluorescent Lamp.” Wikipedia. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp>.



“Health Effects of Mercury in Humans and the Environment.”<http://www.p2pays.org/mercury%5Ctryon/art2.pdf>.

“Incandescent Light Bulbs.” Wikipedia. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb>.“Lamp Disposal.” Chain Store Age June 1998, Vol. 74, Issue 6, Business Source Premier <http://web.ebscohost.com/bsi/detail?vid=20&hid=106&sid=78b23850-5ad6-4448-b746-792e84a40882%40sessionmgr9>.“Light-emitting Diode.” Wikipedia. <http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode>.

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EN 212.3 - Final Research Paper Light-Emitting Diodes Paul M. Cabacungan ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITY Environment Friendly Lights Have a Brighter Future