EMTL Course File

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RVR Institute of Engineering & TechnologySheriguda, Ibrahimpatnam.

COURSE FILE

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY AND

TRANSMISSION LINES(54011)

II - B.Tech. – II Semester

ECE

Prepared By:

P.S.S.Pavan Ganesh,M.Tech

Assoc. Professor

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering



AY: 2012-13

1. Course Objective:

After completion of this course, the student shall be able to:• Know about the concepts of electrostatics and magnetostatics for Electromagnetic Wave

Theory and its characteristics.

• Analyze the Maxwell’s Equations and different forms of Maxwell’s Equations for EM Waves.

• Observe the characteristics of EM Waves based on above.

• Know about Transmission Lines and their cahracteristics, Measurement of different

parameters in Transmission Line theory.

2. Results Target:

a. First Class with Distinction 40 %

b. First Class 40 %

c. Pass Class 20 %

3. Course Plan:

a. Class Lectures 55

b. Tutorials 12

c. Class Room Seminars 4

d. Final Revision 4

Total Classes 75

4. Method of Evaluation:

a. Mid exams As per university rules 20 M

b. Assignments One from each Unit, Total 8. 05 M

c. External Exams As per university rules 75 M

Total Marks 100 M



Introduction to the course:

At low frequencies, an electrical circuit is completely characterized by the electrical parameters

like resistance, inductance etc. and the physical size of the electrical components plays no role in thecircuit analysis. As the frequency increases however, the size of the components becomes important,

that is to say that, the space starts playing a role in the performance of the circuit. The voltage and

currents exist in the form of waves. Even a change in the length of a simple connecting wire may alter

the behavior of the circuit. The circuit approach then has to be re-investigated with inclusion of the

space into the analysis. This approach is then called the transmission line approach.To study the

transmission line theory knowledge of Electromagnetic theory and its characteristics are essential.

Thus, one can then conveniently divide the subject of Electromagnetic Theory and

Transmission Lines into two parts, the EM Wave Characteristics and Transmission Lines. EM Wave

characteristics can be sub divided as static 3electromagnetic and the time varying 3electromagnetic. As

will be clear subsequently, the time varying electric and magnetic fields always constitute a wave

phenomenon called the electromagnetic wave. The phenomenon of electromagnetism in totality is

governed by the four Maxwell’s equations, which can be derived from the physical laws like the Gauss

Law, the Ampere’s law and the Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. The electromagnetic

theory is the generalization of the circuit theory, or the circuit theory is rather a special case of the

electromagnetic theory. Although every phenomenon of electricity and magnetism can be analyzed in

the frame work of electromagnetic theory, at low frequencies the circuit approach is adequate. As the

frequency increases the inadequacy of the circuit approach is felt and one is forced to follow the

electromagnetic field approach. All the concepts of 3electromagnetic theory will be discussed from

Unit1 to Unit6 of this course structure.

• Although the primary objective of a transmission line is to carry electromagnetic energy

efficiently from one location to other, they find wide applications in high frequency circuit design. As

the frequency increases, any discontinuity in the circuit path leads to electromagnetic radiation. Also at

high frequencies, the transit time of the signals can not be ignored. In the era of high speed computers,

where data rates are approaching to few Gb/sec, the phenomena related to the electromagnetic waves,

like the bit distortion, signal reflection, impedance matching play a vital role in high speed

communication networks, these concepts can be discussed in Unit7 & Unit8.



SYLLABUS

(54011)ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY AND TRANSMISSION LINES

Review of Coordinate Systems, Vector CalculusUNIT I

Electrostatics-I: Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field Intensity – Fields due to Different Charge

Distributions, Electric Flux Density, Gauss Law and Applications, Electric Potential, Relations

Between E and V, Maxwell’s Two Equations for Electrostatic Fields, Energy Density, Illustrative

Problems.

UNIT II

Electrostatics-II:Convection and Conduction Currents, Dielectric Constant, Isotropic and

Homogeneous Dielectrics, Continuity Equation, Relaxation Time, Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations;

Capacitance – Parallel Plate, Coaxial, Spherical Capacitors, Illustrative Problems.

UNIT III

Magnetostatics : Biot-Savart Law, Ampere’s Circuital Law and Applications, Magnetic Flux Density,

Maxwell’s Two Equations for Magnetostatic Fields, Magnetic Scalar and Vector Potentials, Forces due

to Magnetic Fields, Ampere’s Force Law, Inductances and Magnetic Energy. Illustrative Problems.

UNIT IV

Maxwell’s Equations (Time Varying Fields): Faraday’s Law and Transformer emf, Inconsistency of

Ampere’s Law and Displacement Current Density, Maxwell’s Equations in Different Final Forms and

Word Statements. Conditions at a Boundary Surface : Dielectric-Dielectric and Dielectric-Conductor

Interfaces. Illustrative Problems.

UNIT V

EM Wave Characteristics - I: Wave Equations for Conducting and Perfect Dielectric Media, Uniform

Plane Waves – Definition, All Relations Between E & H. Sinusoidal Variations. Wave Propagtion in

Lossless and Conducting Media. Conductors & Dielectrics – Characterization, Wave Propagation in

Good Conductors and Good Dielectrics. Polarization. Illustrative Problems.

UNIT VI

EM Wave Characteristics – II: Reflection and Refraction of Plane Waves – Normal and Oblique

Incidences, for both Perfect Conductor and Perfect Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, Critical Angle and

Total Internal Reflection, Surface Impedance. Poynting Vector and Poynting Theorem – Applications,

Power Loss in a Plane Conductor. Illustrative Problems.

UNIT VII

Transmission Lines - I : Types, Parameters, Transmission Line Equations, Primary & Secondary

Constants, Expressions for Characteristic Impedance, Propagation Constant, Phase and Group

Velocities, Infinite Line Concepts, Losslessness/Low Loss Characterization, Distortion – Condition for

Distortionlessness and Minimum Attenuation, Loading - Types of Loading. Illustrative Problems.

UNIT VIII

Transmission Lines – II : Input Impedance Relations, SC and OC Lines, Reflection Coefficient,

VSWR. UHF Lines as Circuit Elements; λ/4, λ/2, λ/8 Lines – Impedance Transformations. Significanceof Zmin and Zmax, Smith Chart – Configuration and Applications, Single and Double Stub Matching.

Illustrative Problems.



TEXT BOOKS :

1. Elements of Electromagnetic – Matthew N.O. Sadiku, Oxford Univ. Press, 4th ed., 2008.

2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2nd Edition,

2000.

3. Transmission Lines and Networks-Umesh Sinha,Stya Prakashan,2001(Tech India publications),

New Delhi.

REFERENCES :

1. Engineering Electromagnetics – Nathan Ida, Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2nd ed., 2005.

2. Engineering Electromagnetics – William H. Hayt Jr. and John A. Buck, TMH, 7th ed., 2006.

3. Networks, Lines and Fields – John D. Ryder, PHI, 2nd ed.,1999.

OTHER BOOKS:1. Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics-Nannapaneni Narayana Rao, PHI, 5th Ed, 2003.

JOURNALS:

1. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques

2. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility

WEBSITES:

1. http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?subjectId=108106073

2. http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?subjectId=117101056

3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5Y45wEO9F4

4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OmR4GkDZ7Zo

5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGoi2DAnvSk

GUIDELINES TO THE STUDENTS:

1. The Primary requirement is that every student should attend all the classes to learn from

fundamentals to applications of the course.

2. Try to collect the International papers related to ‘Electromagnetic Theory and Transmission Lines’

and study them.

3. Browse the Internet to know the latest developments in the field of Communications and.4. Go through different magazines to acquire the best of the subject.

5. Visit your nearest organization (like DRDO, ISRO, and Radio Transmitting Station etc.) for

Electromagnetic Wave Characteristics observation and observe the functioning of the organization.

6. Clarify the doubts completely at the end of completion of each unit.

7. At the end of each unit habituate the answering objective type questions from different text books

so

that it will be helpful at national level competitions.

8. Learn the things in the practical approach besides theory.

9. Try to learn latest technology and apply the same in their theory.10. Submit all the assignments that are given in Class room without copying from others.

11. Try to submit at least one paper at student level paper presentations.



12. Give Semonars on topics relevant to the subject using ppt.

No.Of hours Available in the Semester 75

Distribution of Hours Unit – Wise:

Subject: Electromagnetic Theory and Transmission Lines (54011)

Faculty: Mr.P.S.S.Pavan Ganesh

Text Books (To be acquired by the Students)

B1 Elements of Electromagnetic – Matthew N.O. Sadiku, Oxford Univ. Press, 4th ed., 2008.

B2

Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2nd

Edition, 2000.

Unit TitleDate Chapters No. Of

ClassesFrom To B1 B2

-- Introduction 17-12-12 22-12-12 CH 1-3 CH 1 5

I Electrostatics-I 24-12-12 07-01-13 CH 4 CH 2 10

II Electrostatics-II 08-01-13 21-01-13 CH 5&6 CH 2 8

III Magnetostatics 22-01-13 01-02-13 CH 7&8 CH 3 9

IVMaxwell’s Equations

(Time Varying Fields)02-02-13 09-02-13 CH 9 CH 4 6

V EM Wave Characteristics - I 18-02-13 26-02-13 CH 10 CH 5 7

VI EM Wave Characteristics – II 27-02-13 09-03-13 CH 10 CH 5&6 8

VII Transmission Lines - I 11-03-13 18-03-13 CH 11 -- 6

VIII Transmission Lines – II 19-03-13 01-04-13 CH 11 -- 8

Total No. of classes required 67

I Spell of Instructions 17.12.2012 09.02.2013 (8w)

I mid examinations 11.02.2013 16.02.2013 (1w)

II Spell of Instructions 18.02.2013 13.04.2013 (8w)

II mid examinations 15.04.2013 20.04.2013(1w)

Preparations & Practical

examinations

22.04.2013 04.05.2013(2w)

End semester examinations 06.05.2013 18.05.2013(2w)



• Depending on the importance and increase in number of topics in each unit, the number of

classes’ distribution is aligned.

Topic wise Distribution of Classes:Before main stream of this course the student should have clear idea about Vector algebra,

Vector calculus and Coordinate systems.

Introduction:

S.N

oTopic

No. Of

Classes

Reference

B1 B2

1 Vector Algebra-scalars, vectors, operations 1 3-11 2-7

2 Coordinate system-rectangular, cylindrical 1 29-32 --

3 Spherical coordinates 1 33-37 --

4 Vector calculus-Differential length, area, volume 1 55-60 7-155 Line, surface, volume integrals, Del, Curl, Grad Operators 1 62-77 7-15

Unit–1: Electrostatics-I

S.No TopicNo. Of

Classes

Reference

B1 B2

1 Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field Intensity 1 106-112 29-33

2 Fields due to Different Charge Distributions(Line, Surface, Volume)

1 113-119 38-45

3 Electric Flux Density 1 124-126 38-45

4 Gauss Law and Applications-Point charge, Line Charge 1 128-130 33-38

5 Infinite Sheet, Uniform Sphere 1 130-132 33-45

6 Tutorial T1 --- ---

7 Electric Potential 1 135-140 33-45

8Relations Between E and V, Maxwell’s Two Equations for

Electrostatic Fields1 141-147 35-38

9 Energy Density 1 148-152 57-61

10 Illustrative Problems. T2 ---- ---

Unit 2: Electrostatics-II

S.N

oTopic

No. Of

Classes

Reference

B1 B2

1 Convection and Conduction Currents 1 170-177 ---

2 Dielectric Constant, Isotropic and Homogeneous Dielectrics 1 182-186 ---

3 Continuity Equation, Relaxation Time 1 188-190 100-101

4 Tutorial T1 --- ---5 Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations 1 209-212 45-50

6 Capacitance – Parallel Plate 1 233-236 51-57



7 Coaxial, Spherical Capacitors 1 237-240 51-57

8 Illustrative Problems. T2 --- ---

Unit 3: Magnetostatics

S.No TopicNo. Of

Classes

Reference

B1 B2

1 Biot-Savart Law 1 274-278 87-89

2 Ampere’s Circuital Law and Applications 1 285-290 79-81

3Magnetic Flux Density, Maxwell’s Two Equations for

Magneto static Fields1 293-295 79-84

4 Tutorial T1 -- --

5 Magnetic Scalar and Vector Potentials 1 296-302 90-946 Forces due to Magnetic Fields 1 319-322 90-98

7 Am pere’s Force Law 1 319-322 88-90

8 Inductances and Magnetic Energy 1 350-355 78,85

9 Illustrative Problems T2 -- --

Unit 4: Maxwell’s Equations (Time Varying Fields)

S.N

oTopic

No. Of

Classes

Reference

B1 B2

1 Faraday’s Law and Transformer emf 1 386-395 78-80

2Inconsistency of Ampere’s Law and Displacement Current

Density1 397-399 100-103

3Maxwell’s Equations in Different Final Forms and Word

Statements1 400-402 103-105

4 Conditions at a Boundary Surface : Dielectric-Dielectric 1 190-19361-63;

105-110

5 Dielectric-Conductor Interfaces. 1 193-19561-63;

105-110


Unit 5: EM Wave Characteristics – I

S.No TopicNo. Of

Classes

Reference

B1 B2

1 Wave Equations for Conducting and Perfect Dielectric Media 1 429-447 119-127

2Uniform Plane Waves – Definition, All Relations Between E

& H. Sinusoidal Variations1 429-447 119-130

3 Wave Propagation in Lossless and Conducting Media 1 441-447 119-130

4 Conductors & Dielectrics – Characterization, 1 429-430 119-130

5 Wave Propagation in Good Conductors and Good Dielectrics 1 444-447 119-130

6 Polarization-Types 1 179-182 130-136



7 Illustrative Problems T1 --- ---

Unit 6: EM Wave Characteristics – II

S.No TopicNo. Of

Classes

Reference

B1 B2

1 Reflection of Plane Waves – Normal Incidences 1 459-468 136-139

2Reflection of Plane Waves – Oblique Incidences, for both

Perfect Conductor and Perfect Dielectrics1 469-480 139-142

3 Refraction of Plane Waves – Normal Incidences 1 459-468 143-147

4 Refraction of Plane Waves – Oblique Incidences 1 459-468 143-147

5Brewster Angle, Critical Angle and Total Internal

Reflection, Surface Impedance

1 469-480 147-150

6 Poynting Vector and Poynting Theorem – Applications 1 454-458 162-167

7 Power Loss in a Plane Conductor 1 454-458 173-176


Unit 7: Transmission Lines – I

S.No TopicNo. Of

Classes

Reference

B1 B2

1 Transmission Line Types, Parameters 1 501-504 ---

2Transmission Line Equations, Primary & Secondary

Constants1 505-508 ---

3

Expressions for Characteristic Impedance, Propagation

Constant, Phase and Group Velocities, Infinite Line

Concepts

1 508-512 ---

4Losslessness/Low Loss Characterization, Distortion –

Condition for Distortionlessness and Minimum Attenuation1 508-512 ---

5 Loading - Types of Loading 1 508-512 ---

6 Illustrative Problems T1 -- ---

Unit 8: Transmission Lines – II

S.No TopicNo. Of

Classes

Reference

B1 B2

1 Input Impedance Relations, SC and OC Lines 1 512-518 ---

2Reflection Coefficient, VSWR. UHF Lines as Circuit

Elements1 512-518 ---

3 λ/4, λ/2, λ/8 Lines – Impedance Transformations. 1 512-518 ---

4 Tutorial T1 --- ---

5

Significance of Zmin and Zmax, Smith Chart – Configuration

and Applications, 1 520-526 ---

6 Single Matching 1 534-535 ---

7 Double Stub Matching 1 534-535 ---



8 Illustrative Problems T2 --- ---

Topic wise Coverage as per schedule:

S.

NoTopic

Unit

No

Date

Scheduled

Date

ConductedRemarks

1 Vector Algebra-scalars, vectors, operations --

2 Coordinate system-rectangular, cylindrical --

3 Spherical coordinates --

4 Vector calculus-Differential length, area, volume --

5Line, surface, volume integrals, Del, Curl, Grad

Operators--

6 Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field Intensity 1

7Fields due to Different Charge Distributions

(Line, Surface, Volume)1

8 Electric Flux Density 1

9Gauss Law and Applications-Point charge, Line

Charge1

10 Infinite Sheet, Uniform Sphere 1

11 Tutorial 1

12 Electric Potential 1

13Relations Between E and V, Maxwell’s Two

Equations for Electrostatic Fields

1

14 Energy Density 1

15 Illustrative Problems. 1

16 Convection and Conduction Currents 2

17Dielectric Constant, Isotropic and Homogeneous

Dielectrics2

18 Continuity Equation, Relaxation Time 2

19 Tutorial 2

20 Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations 2

21 Capacitance – Parallel Plate 2

22 Coaxial, Spherical Capacitors 2

23 Illustrative Problems. 224 Biot-Savart Law 3

25 Ampere’s Circuital Law and Applications 3

26Magnetic Flux Density, Maxwell’s Two

Equations for Magneto static Fields3

27 Tutorial 3

28 Magnetic Scalar and Vector Potentials 3

29 Forces due to Magnetic Fields 3

30 Ampere’s Force Law 3

31 Inductances and Magnetic Energy 3

32 Illustrative Problems 333 Faraday’s Law and Transformer emf 4

34Inconsistency of Ampere’s Law and

Displacement Current Density4



35Maxwell’s Equations in Different Final Forms

and Word Statements4

36Conditions at a Boundary Surface : Dielectric-

Dielectric4

37 Dielectric-Conductor Interfaces. 4

38 Illustrative Problems 4

S.

NoTopic

Uni

t

No

Date

Scheduled

Date

ConductedRemarks

39Wave Equations for Conducting and Perfect

Dielectric Media5

40Uniform Plane Waves – Definition, All Relations

Between E & H. Sinusoidal Variations5

41Wave Propagation in Lossless and Conducting

Media

5

42 Conductors & Dielectrics – Characterization, 5

43Wave Propagation in Good Conductors and Good

Dielectrics5

44 Polarization-Types 5


46 Reflection of Plane Waves – Normal Incidences 6

47Reflection of Plane Waves – Oblique Incidences,

for both Perfect Conductor and Perfect Dielectrics6

48 Refraction of Plane Waves – Normal Incidences 6

49 Refraction of Plane Waves – Oblique Incidences 6

50Brewster Angle, Critical Angle and Total InternalReflection, Surface Impedance

6

51Poynting Vector and Poynting Theorem –

Applications6

52 Power Loss in a Plane Conductor 6


54 Transmission Line Types, Parameters 7

55Transmission Line Equations, Primary &

Secondary Constants7

56

Expressions for Characteristic Impedance,

Propagation Constant, Phase and GroupVelocities, Infinite Line Concepts

7

57

Losslessness/Low Loss Characterization,

Distortion – Condition for Distortionlessness and

Minimum Attenuation

7

58 Loading - Types of Loading 7


60 Input Impedance Relations, SC and OC Lines 8

61Reflection Coefficient, VSWR. UHF Lines as

Circuit Elements8

62 λ/4, λ/2, λ/8 Lines – Impedance Transformations. 8

63 Tutorial 8

64Significance of Zmin and Zmax, Smith Chart –

Configuration and Applications,8



65 Single Matching 8

66 Double Stub Matching 8


68 Revision

69 Revision

70 Revision

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EMTL Course File