REPORT FMI-EMTL-W/A NO. 3078 FINAL REPORT ... - … · emtl-final report no. 1491 fmi-emtl-w/a no. 3078 final report humidity effects on soi_uble core mechanical and thermal properties

EMTL-FINAL REPORT NO. 1491

FMI-EMTL-W/A NO. 3078

FINAL REPORT

HUMIDITY EFFECTS ON SOLUBLE CORE

MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES

(POLYVINYL ALCOHOL/MICROBALLOON COMPOSITE)

BY

THE ENERGY MATERIALS TESTING LABORATORY

A DIVISION OF FIBER MATERIALS INC.

5 MORIN STREET

BIDDEFORD, MAINE 04005

PREPARED FOR:

AEROJET ASRM DIVISION

P.O. BOX 736

IUKA, MS 38852-0736

ATTN: ROD BIZZELL

TEL: (601-423-0934)FAX: (601-423-5416)

PURCHASE ORDER NO. 100364

JANUARY 5, 1993

A _ OF FIllER MATERIALS, INC.BIO4DIEFOIID INDUIITRIAL PA.qK, IIIDDEFOIID, ME. OdllQO6

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990066705 2018-06-21T07:16:32+00:00Z

-__tzx_ d- TM04533

05 JAN" 1993

ASRM DEVELOPMENT TEST PLAN

HUMIDITY EFFECTS ON SOLUBLE CORE


VOLUME I

Contract No. NAS8-37800

DR-TM04

WBS 1.3.2.4

TYPE 3 THIS DOCUMENT

AVAILABLE FROM

ASRM DATA MANAGEMENTYELLOW CREEK. M8

_OF: 7-/_'f_

EMTL-FINAL REPORT NO. 1491

FMI-EMTL-W/A NO. 3078

FINAL REPORT

HUMIDITY EFFECTS ON SOI_UBLE CORE


(POLYVINYL ALCOHOL/MICROBALLOON COMPOSITE)

BY

THE ENERGY MATERIALS TESTING LABORATORY

A DIVISION OF FIBER MATERIALS INC.

5 MORIN STREET

BIDDEFORD, MAINE 04005

PREPARED FOR:

AEROJET ASRM DIVISION

P.O. BOX 736

IUKA, MS 38852-0736

ATTN: ROD BIZZELL

TEL: (601-423-0934)

FAX: (601-423-5416)

PURCHASE ORDER NO. 100364

JANUARY 5, 1993

A I[NVISION OF FLEER MATERIALS. _¢.BiOOIEFORD INOUSTIqlAL PARK, BIDOI[FOflD, ME.

TM04533

05 JAN 1993

THIS DOCUMENT WAS REVIEWED

BY S. SKLADANEK

/

Designee

TM0453305 JAN 1993

REVIEWED BY FLIGHT HARDWARE

SAFETY& RELIABILITY

S.T. PEACE, LMSC S&R

Designee

Section

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8.0

9.0

i0.0

INTRODUCTION .....................

OBJECTIVE .........................

PURPOSE ........................

PASS/FAIL CRITERIA ..................

SCOPE .........................

SPECIMEN MIXING ....................

SPECIMEN MOLDS ....................

SPECIMEN CURING ....................

SPECIMEN PREPARATION .................

STORAGE AND AGING OF SPECIMENS ............

ii.0 TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE TEST APPARATUS ........

12.0 TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE TEST PROCEDURES ........

13.0 TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE DATA REDUCTION ........

14.0 TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE TEST RESULTS .........

15.0 THERMAL EXPANSION MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS ......

16.0 MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF FRACTURE SURFACES .....

17.0 DISCUSSION/OBSERVATIONS ................

Pag_

1

1

1

1

2

4

5

i0

ll

12

13

17

21

22

37

45

48

FIGURE

D_ST OF FIGURES

I0

ll

12

13

14

15

PAGE

Tensile Specimen Mold Drawing ............ 6

Compressive Specimen Mold Drawing ........... 7

CTE Specimen Mold Drawing ............ 8Photograph Tensile and Compression Molds, Mixing of the

Binder solution, and the Curing Oven .......... 9

Photo Tensile and Compressive Test Facility ...... 14

Close Up View of Tensile and Compressive Setups .... 15

Tensile Test Fixture Drawing .............. 16

Graphical Summary of the Effect of Humidity and Loading

Rate on Tensile and Compressive Strength ........ 23


Rate on Tensile and Compressive Modulus ......... 24


Rate on Tensile and Compressive Poisson's Ratio .... 25

CTE facility ...................... 38

NIST Standard Reference Test .............. 39

Graphical Summary of Thermal Expansion Measurements . . 40

Microscopic Photographs of Fracture Surfaces ...... 46

Typical Tensile and Compression Specimen Failure Modes 47

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

1 Tensile and Compressive Aging Conditions/Test Matrix 3

2 Thermal Expansion Aging Conditions and Test Matrix . . 3

3 Drying Oven Evaporation Rate Determination ...... i0

4 Effect of Humidity and Loading Rate on Tensile

Strength, Modulus and Poisson's Ratio ........ 26

5 Effect of Humidity and Loading Rate on Compressive

Strength, Modulus and Poisson's Ratio ......... 26

6-14 Individual Tensile Properties ........... 27-31

15-23 Individual Compressive Properties ......... 32-36

24 Effect of Humidity on CTE Measurement ......... 41

25-29 Individual CTE Measurements ............ 42-44

Microballon Certificate of Analysis ............. 54

Individual Batch Formulation Data .............. 57

Individual Curing/Aging Date and Time Summaries ....... 59

High Humidity Aging Wet and Dry Bulb Measurements ..... 71

Individual Dimensional Measurements . - - ...... 76

Curing and Drying Temperature vs Time Strip Charts ..... 88

Laboratory Ambient Humidity Strip Charts ......... 107

Tensile and Compression Strain Measurement Qualification . 109

Individual Tensile and Compressive Stress vs Strain Curves

(Raw Data) ........................ 112

Individual CTE curves (Raw Data) ............. 220

ii

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This document constitutes the final report for the study of

humidity effects and loading rate on soluble core (PVA/MB

composite material) mechanical and thermal properties under

Contract No. 100364. This report describes test results,

procedures employed, and any unusual occurrences or specific

observations associated with this test program.

This effort was performed by the Energy Materials Testing

laboratory (EMTL), a division of Fiber Materials, Inc. (FMI), 5

Morin Street, Biddeford Industrial Park, Biddeford, Maine.

Technical questions regarding the report can be directed to the

principle investigator Glenn Vaillancourt. The contract

administrator for this program was David Audie.

2.0 OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this work was to determine if cured

soluble core filler material regains its tensile and compressive

strength after exposure to high humidity conditions and following

a drying cycle. Secondary objectives include measurements of

tensile and compressive modulus, and Poisson's ratio, and

coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) for various moisture

exposure states, i

3.0 PURPOSE

The proposed facility for the manufacture of soluble cores at the

Yellow Creek site incorporates no capability for the control of

humidity. Recent physical property tests performed with the

soluble core filler material showed that prolonged exposure to

high humidity significantly degradates in strength. The purpose

of these tests is to determine if the product, process or

facility designs require modification to avoid imparting a highrisk condition to the ASRM. I

4.0 PASS/FAIL CRITERIA

The material tensile and compressive ultimate strength shallreturn to within one standard deviation of the baseline ultimate

strength after exposure to high humidity conditions followed by a

drying cycle at comparable cross-head speeds. CTE measurements

are required to support engineering analyses, i

5.0 SCOPE

In summary, EMTL performed the following tasks:

o Purchased the required materials for specimen fabrication.

o Fabricated molds and test fixturing.

o Mixed, molded, and cured the tensile, compressive and CTE

specimens.

o Aged the test specimens.

o Tested the specimens.

o Submitted final test report.

Tensile and compressive test were conducted to determine the

effects of high humidity (90%) and strain rates (0.05, 0.25, 2.0

in/min) on the tensile and compressive strength, modulus andPoisson's ratio of the material. These test also determined if

cured soluble core filler material regains its tensile and

compressive strength and modulus after exposure to high humidity

conditions and following a drying cycle. The drying cycle of

16±2 hours represents the soluble core barrier cure cycle

presently incorporated into the process.

EMTL conducted 32 tensile and 32 compressive tests at room

temperature after high humidity aging, after high humidity a_ing

then drying, and immediately after cure test conditions. Table 1

specifies the aging temperature, humidity level, drying time,

rate of testing, and number of tests that were conducted at each

condition.

EMTL also conducted 40 CTE tests after high humidity aging, after

high humidity aging then drying, immediately after cure, and

after a week under laboratory ambient conditions. Table 2

specifies the aging temperature, humidity level, drying time,

method of testing, and number of tests that were conducted at

each condition.

Thermal expansion measurements were performed over the range 70°F

to 250°F. Thermal Expansion was measured continuously over this

range.

TABLE 1

TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE SPECIMEN AGING CONDITIONS AND TEST MATRIX

QTY

CO_4P

4

2

2

8

4

4

4

2

2

I QTYTEN

4

2

2

8

4

4

4

2

2

I AGING AGING AGING DURAT]ON DRYING TIME AT CROSSHEADTENP (OF) _N (_) (hrs) 180°F (HRS) SPEED (in/m_n)

90_5 90_10 120+-12 none O.OS

90_5 90_10 120_12 none 0.25

90_5 90_10 120_12 none 2.0

90_5 90_10 120_12 16_2 0.05

_o:s 9o_1o _2o:_2 _6:z o.zs

9o:s 9o.lo 12o:1z l_z 2.0

0.05

0.25

2.0

TABLE 2

THERMAL EXPANSION SPECIMEN AGING CONDITIONS AND TEST MATRIX

QTY

CTE

8

8

8

8

8

I IAGING I AGING AGING DURATION DRYING TIME AT I SPECIMEN

TENP (OF) I RN (_) (MRS) 1800F (HRS) I SIZE

90+5 90¢10

_.s 9o+-1o

70_5 <50

120+12 NONE P'L X. 75"D

120+_12 16+_2 P'L x. 75'fl)

170+..12 7"L x. 75"D

7"L x. 75"D

2"L x.25"SQ

6.0 SPECIMEN MIXING

The specimen PVA/MB mixture was formulated by weight in the

following percentages from the following materials.

75%

10%

10%

5%

Microballoons - Extendospheres SG - Hollow Microspheres,

from PQ Corp. See appendix for certificate of analysis.

Water

Ethanol - Alcohol, Anhydrous, Reagent. Specially Denatured

Alcohol Formula 3A, from VWR.

Polyvinyl Alcohol - Airvol 205, from Air Products.

Several replicate 5.5 Ib batches of this mixture were made during

the course of the program. The binder solution for the mixture

was made by combining 250±5 grams of tap water with 250±5 grams

of denatured ethanol in a liter beaker. This water ethanol

mixture was heated to 1300 ± 5°F and agitated on a magnetic

stirring hot plate. 125±2 grams of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

crystals were slowly added to the heated mixture and agitated

until the PVA crystals were fully dissolved.

1875±25 grams of microballoons were premeasured and placed into

an airtight i0 liter wide mouth container. The microballons were

slowly stirred by hand, with a spatula, while the binder solution

was added. Hand mixing continued for approximately 5 minutes

until a homogeneous PVA/MB consistency was obtained. If the

mixture was not immediately pressed into molds, it was sealed in

the air tight container and used within two weeks after mixing ordiscarded.

Presented in the appendix are the various batch numbers and their

corresponding formulation weights.

4

7 • 0 SPECIMEN MOLDS

All specimens were cast from PVC or aluminum molds dependent on

the specimen type. The internal surfaces of all molds were

sprayed with several coats of FREKOTE NO.I mold release

manufactured by the Dexter Corporation. The top of all molds

were kept open to provide a vapor path for the water/ethanol.

Each mold was firmly packed using a low density tamper (graphite

or glass phenolic rod), and compressing approximately two to

three times the volume of PVA/MB material into the molds.

The tensile mold was made of aluminum as per EMTL's drawing #

EMC-3915. Reference Figure i for the tensile mold drawing.

The compression molds were made of PVC pipe, 3"±0.0625" diameter

by 7" long faced off to length so that the centerline of the pipe

was perpendicular to the bottom edge of the pipe. One end of the

pipe was covered with a solid flat plate and the opposite end of

the pipe was covered with a plate that had a 3" cylindrical hole.

The pipe was held between these plates with 4 bolts. The hole in

the top plate allowed filling and packing of the mold. This

compression mold assembly was easily assembled and disassembled

easing the filling, packing, and specimen removal operation.

Reference Figure 2, EMTL DWG# EMC-3929, for the compressive mold

drawing.

The CTE molds were made of aluminum as per EMTL's drawing # EMC-

3925. Reference Figure 3 for the CTE mold drawing.

Reference Figure 4 for a photograph of the tensile and

compressive molds, mixing of the binder solution, and the curing

oven.

FIGURE [

7ENSELE SPECT.MEN MOLD DRAWING

I l

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0

a F o l

O

,,6

J

I7"

./

i

ii iI ]1

ILl

im

'!im

tllt_

,, I|i

IIEli

lII.

FEGL'RE •

COM?RESS_VE SPECIMEN YOLD 3_ING

-I

a

L_ , , , l_

l'v

0

¢y

lt

oo_¢Uq

qP

!1_ L

,ill o L

,_ i, i i..... ! Ii_,

; |e.

.... !$

..... !! n_'1| ,_, II

II_ ,,j_i I III !I_I

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FI6URE 3

CTE SPEC_HEN HOED DRAYING

i:tI

It:,i

oLt_

o

o

_/_ 1

(U8

I

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/_Nill

II

I--

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za.

i-

FIGURE 4

PHOTOGRAPH OF TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE MOLDS,MIXING OF BINDER SOLUTION AND CURING OVEN

8.0 SPECIMEN CURING

All samples were cured in the same oven at 250°F. The tensile

and CTE samples were cured for a minimum of 6 hours. The

compression samples were cured for a minimum of 9 hours. Strip

chart records of cure temperature vs time relating to specimen

type and number are presented in the appendix. Tabulations of

the date and time the specimens were placed into and removed from

the curing oven are summarized in the appendix.

The specifications for the drying oven were outlined in a sub-

specification of ASTM C495, ASTM C88. The oven was to be capable

of being continually heated at 230±9°F for 4 hours and the rate

of evaporation, at this range of temperature, was to be at least

25g/hr. The rate determined for this oven was 27.6g/hr. Thisrate was determined from the water loss from five 1 liter low-

form beakers, each containing 500g of water at 70±3°F, placed ateach corner and the center of the oven. The results of this

evaporation determination are presented in Table 3.

TABLE 3

DRYING OVEN EVAPORATION RATE DETERMINATION PER ASTM C88

BEAKER

NO.

WEIGHT

EMPTY

(g)

WEIGHT

FULL

(g)

WEIGHT AFTER 4

HRS AT 230°F (g)

EVAPORATION

RATE (g/hr)

1 303.1 803.6 695.3 27.1

2 309.1 809.3 662.9 36.6

3 297.1 797.8 693.7 26.0

4 409.5 909.6 802.6 26.8

908.9408.8 800.25 27.2

Note: Evaporation rate must be >25g/hr. AVE _ 26.7g/hr

Date: 4/20/92, Time in 13:05, Time out 17:05

I0

9.0 SPECIMEN PREPARATION

Each specimen, as it is removed from the molds was assigned a

unique identification. The specimen identification system that

was employed in this program was as follows:

TEN-75°F-9__0_-0.05- iReplicate Number

Crosshead Speed (in/min)

0.05

0.25

2.0

N/A for CTE

Aging Humidity Level (%)

5O

90

Dry

Test TemD {°F)

75

N/A for CTE

TVDe of Evaluation

TEN-Tension

CMP-Compression

CTE-Thermal Expansion

After the compression specimens were removed from the molds, the

end of the samples corresponding to the open end of the mold

required machining to remove the rough surfaces left by the

filling process. All compression samples were ground in the FMI

machine shop to their final dimensional requirements. Finish

machined specimens were weighed, and the post cured gravimetric

density in air calculated per ASTM-C559 to an accuracy of 1% or

better. The tensile and CTE specimens did not require any

machining after removal from the molds. The tensile and CTE

specimens were also dimensioned and weighed.

All of the samples underwent visual inspection for cracks, voids,

discolorations, inclusions, irregularities, and surface porosity.

Flawed specimens were excluded from further processing.

ii

i0.0 STORAGE AND AGING OF SPECIMENS

Baseline (Post Cured, Dry) Samples:

After the cure cycle, the baseline compression samples were

cooled in a desiccated, sealed chamber at ambient temperature for

6 hours minimum prior to final machining. After machining the

ends of the specimens flat and parallel, these samples were

reheated to 250°F for 4 hours to remove any moisture that might

have been absorbed during the time they were out of the

desiccator. After the redrying cycle, the baseline compression

samples were cooled again in a desiccated, sealed chamber at

ambient temperature for 6 hours minimum prior to testing.

Testing was conducted within five minutes after removal of the

specimens from the cool-down chamber.

After the cure cycle, the baseline tensile and CTE samples were

cooled in a desiccated, sealed chamber at ambient temperature for

6 hours minimum prior to testing. Unlike the compression

samples, these tensile and CTE samples required no further

preparation. Testing was conducted within five minutes after

removal of the specimens from the cool-down chamber.

Hiqh Humidity Aqed Samples:

High humidity aging at 90%RH, 90°F was accomplished with a

humidity chamber. The humidity level and temperature inside the

chamber was monitored daily through the use of dry and wet bulb

thermometer measurements to determine the relative humidity and

temperature inside the chamber. Tables of the humidity level,

wet and dry bulb measurements and dates are in the appendix.

These samples were weighed immediately after removal from the

high humidity chamber to determine the wet density of the samples

after high humidity conditioning. Testing was conducted within

five minutes after removal of the specimens from the humidity

chamber.

H_qh Humidity Aaed/Dried Samples:

After high humidity aging, some of the samples were to be dried

at 180°F for 16±2 hours. This was accomplished with the same

oven used for curing the samples.

After the drying cycle, these samples were cooled in a

desiccated, sealed chamber at ambient temperature for 6 hours

minimum prior to test. Testing was conducted within five minutes

after removal of the specimens from the cool-down chamber.

12

ll.0 TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE TEST APPARATUS

The mechanical test equipment consisted of the following:

o 20,000 lb Electro-Mechanical Test Machine Model 1113.

o i0,000 ib Load Cell.

o 1,000 ib Load Cell.

o Load Cell Conditioner, No. LPM-700-000.

o Compressive Platens.

o Tensile Test Fixtures.

o I0 Channel Strain Gage Conditioner, 2100 System.

o Strain Gages, No. EA-13-10CBE-120, EA-13-250BG-120/LE.

o 12 Inch Vernier, 0.001" Resolution.

o Computerized Data Acquisition 386 System.

o High Humidity Chamber No. C08A-3-I0.

o Type K Thermocouples.

o I0 Channel Thermocouple Meter No. 650-KF-A-DSS

o Strip Chart Recorder No. 141/39/31/50

o Balance 4000 gram range No. GT4000.

Note: Two types of analog to digital (A/D) converters were used

for these tests. The A/D which provides the cleanest signal has

an operational limit of i0 Hz and was used for the tests

conducted at 0.05 and 0.25 in/min. In order to acquire data at

25 Hz an A/D which does not take time to filter the signals

before transmitting was necessary. The jagged stress vs strain

curves, for the 2.0 in/min tests, are due to the use of this

"non-filtering" A/D converter.

Figure 5 is a photographic record of the mechanical test facility

and the high humidity aging chambers. Figure 6 is a close up view

of the tensile and compressive setups. Figure 7 is the tensile

test fixture drawing.

13

FIGURE 5TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVETEST FACILITY AND

THE HIGH HUMIDITY AGING CHAMBERS

!

14

FIGURE 6CLOSE UP VIEW OF TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE SETUPS

4

15

T-,3VRE

T'_ " r "I" "_NS[LE TEST FEXTURE DR_-_,,,__.X_.,

,,./\

0

k

p-

0

_ .C

.,1.6

12.0 TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE TEST PROCEDURES

All testing was performed in accordance with the good engineering

practices established by the following accepted ASTM procedures

and the customers statement of work.

ASTM{ Title

C 31

C 39

C 307

C 495

C 469

E 4

E 6

E 29

E iii

Method of Making and Curing Concrete test Specimens in the

Field.

Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical

Concrete Specimens.

Tensile Strength of Chemical-Resistant Mortar, Grouts, and

Monolithic Surfacing.

Compressive Strength of Lightweight Insulating Concrete.

Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio of

Concrete in Compression.

Practices for Load Verification of Testing Machines.

Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing.

Indicating Which Places of Figures are to be Considered

Significant in Specifying Limiting Values.

Test Method for Young's Modulus.

Following is a brief description of the tensile and compressive

test procedures.

Compression Test Setup and Calibration

A i0,000 ib load cell and compression platens were installed in a

universal test machine. The crosshead displacement rate was set

at 0.05 in/min and verified with a dial indicator and a stop

watch. The load cell, strain gage, extensometer and LVDT signal

conditioners were connected to a data acquisition computer via an

analog to digital converter. These measurements were monitored

and recorded during testing at a sampling rate of 2 Hz for the

tests conducted at a crosshead speed of 0.05in/min, l0 Hz for the

test conducted at 0.25 in/min and 25 Hz for the tests conducted

at 2.0 in/min. Once all data acquisition and test equipment was

setup it was calibrated before any tests were conducted. The

load cell was calibrated initially with a proofing ring traceable

to NIST. During this calibration, a shunt-calibration was also

determined. This shunt calibration was checked before each run

to ensure that the calibration did not change during the course

of the program. Additionally, calibrated dead weights were

placed on the load cell to verify the load cell response. The

strain gages signals were calibrated with a shunt resistor. Theextensometers were calibrated with an extensometer calibrator.

The LVDT was calibrated with a LVDT calibrator.

17

Prior to actual specimen testing, a graphite qualificationspecimen was tested to verify compressive platen alignment. Thisspecimen was instrumented with axial 4 strain gages located at90° to each other around the specimens gage section. Thespecimen was placed between the compression platens and loaded to50% of its yield strength. The four gages were monitored duringtesting. Their output signals were recorded and used to determinethe amount of bending, if any, induced into the specimen. Thiscompressive setup was adjusted until it introduced less than 5%bending into the specimen.

This graphite specimen was also used to qualify the axialextensometers and the transverse LVDT that would be used tomeasure strain on the PVA/MB samples. A transverse strain gage

was added to the graphite qualification sample. The two axial

extensometers were place 180 ° to each other over two of the axial

strain gages. The transverse LVDT was positioned around the

circumference of the sample at mid height, near the transverse

strain gage. The graphite specimen was loaded to 50% of its

yield strength. The axial and transverse strain gage readings

were compared to the axial and transverse extensometer and LVDT

readings. All strain measurements were in agreement and the

results of this test are presented in the appendix.

PVA/MB Compression Specimen Testinq

The PVA/MB compression specimens were tested in accordance withASTM C495-86 and the statement of work. Two axial extensometers

were place on the specimen 180 ° from each other at the samples

mid height. The transverse LVDT was positioned around the

circumference of the sample just above the extensometers.

For the specimens conditioned at high humidity, compression

testing was conducted at room temperature within five minutes

after removal of the specimens from the high humidity chamber.

For the samples conditioned at high humidity, dried at 180°F,

then cooled to RT in a desiccated chamber, compression testing

was conducted at room temperature within five minutes after

removal of the specimens from the cool down chamber. For the

baseline specimens, after the redrying cycle following final

machining, the samples were cooled to RT in a desiccated chamber

for 6 hours minimum prior to testing. Compression testing was

conducted within five minutes after removal of the specimens from

the cool-down chamber.

Plots of stress vs strain were generated for each test and used

to calculate modulus and Poisson's ratio. The maximum load

obtained during testing was determined from the data printout

sheets and used to calculate ultimate compressive strength.

18

Tensile Test Setup and Calibration

A 1,000 ib load cell and tensile test fixtures were installed in

a universal test machine. The crosshead displacement rate was

set at 0.05 in/min and verified with a dial indicator and a stop

watch. The load cell, strain gage, extensometer and LVDT signal

conditioners were connected to a data acquisition computer via an

analog to digital converter. These measurements were monitored

and recorded during testing at a sampling rate of 2Hz for the

tests conducted at a crosshead speed of 0.05in/min, 10Hz for the

test conducted at 0.25 in/min and 30hz for the tests conducted at

2.0 in/min. Once all data acquisition and test equipment was

setup it was calibrated before any tests were conducted. The

load cell was calibrated initially with a proofing ring traceable

to NIST. During this calibration, a shunt-calibration was alsodetermined. This shunt calibration was checked before each run

to ensure that the calibration did not change during the course

of the program. Additionally, calibrated dead weights were hung

from the load cell to verify the load cell response. The strain

gages signals were calibrated with a shunt resistor. Theextensometers were calibrated with an extensometer calibrator.

The LVDT was calibrated with a LVDT calibrator.

Prior to actual specimen testing, a graphite qualification

specimen was tested to verify tensile grip alignment. This

specimen was instrumented with axial 4 strain gages located at

90 ° to each other around the specimens gage section. The

specimen was placed in the fixtures and loaded to 50% of its

yield strength. The four gages were monitored during testing.

Their output signals were recorded and used to determine the

amount of bending, if any, induced into the specimen. This setup

was adjusted until it introduced less than 5% bending into the

specimen.

This graphite specimen was also used to qualify the axialextensometers and the transverse LVDT that would be used to

measure strain on the PVA/MB samples. A transverse strain gage

was added to the graphite qualification sample. The two axial

extensometers were place 180 ° to each other over two of the axial

strain gages. The transverse LVDT was positioned around the

circumference of the sample at mid height, near the transverse

strain gage. The graphite specimen was loaded to 50% of its

yield strength. The axial and transverse strain gage readings

were compared to the axial and transverse extensometer and LVDT

readings. All strain measurements were in agreement and the

results of this test are presented in the appendix.

19

PVA/MB Tensile Specimen Testinq

The PVA/MB Tensile specimens were tested in accordance with the

statement of work. Two axial extensometers were place on the

specimen 180 ° from each other at the samples mid height. The

transverse LVDT was positioned around the circumference of the

sample between the extensometer arms.

For the specimens conditioned at high humidity, tensile testing

was conducted at room temperature within five minutes after

removal of the specimens from the high humidity chamber. For the

samples conditioned at high humidity, dried at 180°F, then cooled

to RT in a desiccated chamber, tensile testing was conducted at

room temperature within five minutes after removal of the

specimens from the cool down chamber. For the baseline specimens,

after the redrying cycle following final machining, the sampleswere cooled to RT in a desiccated chamber for 6 hours minimum

prior to testing. Tensile testing was conducted within five

minutes after removal of the specimens from the cool-down

chamber.

Plots of stress vs strain were generated for each test and used

to calculate modulus and Poisson's ratio. The maximum load

obtained during testing was determined from the data printout

sheets and used to calculate ultimate tensile strength.

20

13.0 TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE TEST DATA REDUCTION

The results that were calculated for mechanical tests included

Ultimate Tensile and Compressive Strength, Modulus, and Poisson's

Ratio.

o Ultimate Strength of the matdrial was calculated from the

equation: US = P/A, where:

US = Ultimate Strength (psi)

P = Maximum load obtained during testing (ibs)

A = Cross-sectional area (in 2)

o Modulus of Elasticity was determined by drawing a tangent

line on top of the initial linear portion of the axial

stress/strain curve. The slope of this line represents the

modulus of the material and was calculated from the

equation: E =_a/A_, where:

E = Modulus of Elasticity (psi)

_a = Linear Increase in Stress (psi)

_ = Linear Increase in Strain (_)

o Poisson's Ratio is equal to the ratio of transverse strain

to axial strain over the same increment of stress.

Note: Ultimate compressive strength was defined as the first

drop in load, usually coinciding with a loud snap. All of the

compression tests were continued past this first drop in load.

Most of compression samples never loaded above the first load

drop value. However, some of the compression samples reloaded

above the first drop in load value. All of the ultimate

compressive strength data was reported at the first drop in load

value.

The volume of the tensile specimens was calculated as follows:

Density 6061 aluminum = 0.098 Ib/in 3.

Average weight of the 4 tensile molds = 1.737 ibs.

Therefore, volume of alum in the mold = _.7371bs in__/3= 17.724 in 3

0.098 Ibs

Volume of a solid mold based on surface dimensions is = 24.92 in 3

Therefore, the missing volume (volume of tensile specimen)3 3= 24.92 in 3 - 17.724 in = 7.196 in =117.9 cm 3.

21

14.0 TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE TEST RESULTS

The effect of humidity and loading rate on tensile and

compressive properties is graphically summarized in Figures 8

through I0. The effects of humidity and loading rate are also

presented in tabular form in Tables 4 and 5. Tabulations of the

individual values are presented in Tables 6 through 23.

Tabulations of individual batch formulations, individual

cure/aging dates and times, individual dimensional measurements,

high humidity wet and dry bulb measurements, strip chart records

of cure temperature vs time, plots of the high humidity aging

conditions, drying cycle temperature vs time plots, and the

individual stress vs. strain curves are presented in the

appendix.

22

.--." _77 _.E a

_77._L-MRY OF EFFECT ,OF EL.'YII3_,. A.,D LOAD_._iiJ .:ZATE

0._; TE.NST.LE AND COHPRESS]_VE 5TRENgTE

CROSSHEAD VELocrrY, IN/MIN

1400

1200I,,,11r,/3

.1000

_ 8OO

r,/360O

40OZ

2OO

0

i r'_ Bae._ (=w) Lr'v'_ W,F, m i1.1, 1N_ Ol_

¢3:::3 tO=F, m I_1

0.05 0.25 2.0

Energy Ik=ted=leTeotlng L=bor=tory

CROSSHEAD VELocrrY, IN/MIN

23

.... L%R_ :5_ EFFECT ,."FHL_ID[7't' AND -_'AD[.,<.._.I-

ON TENSILE AND C OMPQ_SS[VE )!ODL'LUS

I.35 ., Qo'r, _

_4

_.25

_.2

_.15

0

0.05 0.25 2.0

CROSSHF_,_ VELOCITY, IN/]KIN

_-, .35 _ so_'. Mac

.3

_.25

.15.1

.05

0

0

0.05

Energy MatedaleTesting L=bor=tory

\\\\\

0.25

CROSSHEAD VELOCITY, IN/MIN

24

2.0

0 .4

.35

_.25

_, .2

.15

.1

.05

0

SL%__ARY OF EFFECT OF Ht_![D[TY A._D LOADING ,<%TE

ON TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE PO[SSON'S _AT[O

t

.16 .14 "

0.05 0.25 2.0

CeOSSHZ_WLOCr_,_/mN

.4

_.25

.2

_.15

.05

0

0.05

Enemy MaterlaleTeetlng Laboratory

r-_-_ ¢oeF. m NH. 114B _

_'-'_ IIOeF, _ i_1

,, X >'X >,X _

× _

0.25 2.0

CeOSSH]U__crrr, n_/Kn_

25

iIiil_,mMt

TABLE 4

SUMMARY OF EFFECT OF HUMIDITY AND LOADING RATE

ON TENSILE DATA, NEAN VALUES

TEST TYPE AGING TEST TEHP CROSSHEAD STRENGTH NODULUS POISSON'SCONDITION (OF) SPEED (in/min) NEAN (psi) NEAN (n_,i) RATIO

TENSION BASELINE 75 0.05 314.3 .235 .112

BASELINE 75 0.25 323.0 .229 .122

BASELINE 75 2.00 326.2 .228 .0919

90_,,_H(DRIED) 75 0.05 382.2 .228 .118

90_RH(DRIED) 75 0.25 476.2 .282 .120

90_,Rfl(DRIED) 75 2.00 444.8 .270 .112

90°F 90YJ_H 75 0.05 153.7 .0780 .369

90°F 90_RH 75 0.25 175.6 .080_ .271

90°F 90_,RH 75 2.00 181.0 .09S3 .265

CORRELATION 75 0.05 295.5

TABLE 5

SUNNARY OF EFFECT OF NUNIDITY AND LOADIMG RATE

ON COMPRESSIVE DATA a MEAN VALUES

TEST TYPE AGING TEST TEMP CROSSHEAD STRENGTH NODULUS POISSOM'S

CONDITION (OF) SPEED (in/min) MEAN (psl) MEAN (rrli) RATIO

COtPRESSIVE BASELINE 75 0.05 911 .282 .161

BASELINE 75 0.25 951 .294 .140

BASELINE 75 2.00 921 .315 .150

90_J_N(DRIED) 75 0.05 874 .292 .140

90%RH(DRIED) 75 0.25 1021 .294 .133

90_,RN(DRIED) 75 2.00 1066 .287 .137

cK)°F 90_r,RH 75 0.05 526 .0952 .333

90°F 90Y,RN 75 0.25 575 .0956 .301

75 2.00 61990°F 90_¢RH .O988 .3O4

26

?ABLE 6

INDIVIDUAL TENSILE PROPERTY SUMNARY

AGED AT 90%RH, 90°F, THEN DRIED AT 180%

SPECIMEN NO.

TEN-75F-90_(DRIED)'O.OS'70

AGING

CONDITION

90Y,,RH(DRIED)

TEST

TEMP

(OF)

7'5

CROSSHEAD

SPEED

(in/min)

0,05

STRENGTH

(psi)

]79.8

NE_)ULUS

(msi)

.219

.221

POISSON'S

RATIO

.128

TEN-7SF-90_(DR[ED)-O.O5"71 90Y,RH(DRIEO) 7"5 0.05 348.7 .101

TEN-75F-90%(DRIED)-O.05"73 90Y,RH(ORIED) 7"5 0.05 ]70.4 .217 .118

TEN-75F-90_(DRIED)-O.05"74 90Y,RH(DRIED) 7"5 0.05 ]99.7 .242 .111

"_N-75F-90_(DRIED)-O.05-75 90Y,RH(DR[ED) 7"5 0.05 ]10.7 .186 .122

.-75F-90_(DRIED)-O.05-76 907=RH(ORIED 75 0.05 3_.7 .240 .120

TEN-75F-90_(DRIED)-0.05-77 907,,RH(ORiED) 7"5 0.05 403.5 .220 .119

TEN-75F-90_(DRIED)-O.O5-109 90Y,RH(DRiED) 7"5 0.05 407.5 .251 .119

TEN-75F-90_(DRIED)-O.O5-110 90Y=RH(ORIED) 7"5 0.05 42].6 .256 .124

AVE ]82.2 .228 .118

SO 34.8 .0216 .00787

CV (_) 9.10 9.47 6.67

TABLE 7

INDIVIDUAL TENSILE PROPERTY SUMMARY

AGED AT 90Y,,RN, 90°F, THEN DRIED AT 180°F

SPECIMEN NO. AGING TEST CROSSNEAD STRENGTH MODULUS POISSON'S

CONDITION TEMP SPEED (l_i) (mi) RATIO(OF) (in/m(n)

TEN-75F-90Z(DRXED)-0.25-106 90Y,RH(DRIED) 7"5 0.25 471.5 .2T'Z .113

TEN-75F-90Z(DRIED)-O.25-107 90_RH(DRIED) 7"5 0.25 414.2 .282 .120

TEN-75F-90_(DRIED)-0.25-108 90_Q_H(ORIED) 7'5 0.25 470.1 .281 .133

TEN-75F-90"4(ORIED)-0.25-116 90_;RH(DRIED) 75 0.25 549.0 .291 .112

AVE

SO

CV (Z)

476.2

55.4

11.6

.282

. O0 777

2.75

.120

• 0096,8

8.06

27

TABLE 8

INDIVIDUAL TENSILE PROPERTY SUNNARY

AGED AT QO_RH, 9oOF, THEN DRIED AT 1800F

SPECIMEN NO. AGING TEST CROSSHEAD STRENGTH NOOULUS POISSON'S

CONDITION TENP SPEED (PSi) (msi) RATIO(OF) (in/min)

TEN-75F-90%(DRIED)-2.00-111 9OY,RH(DRIED) 75 2.00 521.4 .263 .112

TEN-7SF-90_(DRIED)-2.00-112 9O_RH(DRIED) 75 2.00 454.0 .269 .112

TEN-75F-90_(DRIED)-2.00-113 90%,RH(DRIED) 75 2.00 397.7 .260 .117

TEN-75F-9O_(DRIED)-2.00-114 90Y,RN(DRIED) 75 2.00 503,6 .267 .1DO

TEN-75F-90_(DRIED)-2.00-115 90_RH(DRIED) 75 2.00 310.3 .282 .118

TEN-75F-9OX(DRIED)-2.OO-117 90_,,_H(DRIED) 75 2.00 4.81.8 .279 .112

AVE 4J,_.8 .270 .112

SD 78.8 .00876 .00640

CV (_) 17.7 3.24 5.71

28

TABLE 9

INDIVIDUAL TENB[LE PROPERTY S_RY

BASELINE SAMPLES (DRY), DWG# EMC-3915

SPECIMEN NO. AGING TEST CROSSHEAD STRENGTH MODULUS POISSOfl'S

CONDITION TEMP SPEED (psi) (ms i) RATXO(OF) (in/min)

TEM-75F-DRY-O.O5-48 BASELINE 75 0.05 338.4 .240 .104

TEN-75F-DRY*O.O5-49 BASELINE 75 O.OS 325.1 .245 .106

TEM-75F-DRY'O.05-50 BASELINE 75 0.05 330.0 .240 .100

TEN-75F-DRY-O.O5-51 BASELINE 75 0.05 302.8 .264 .114


TEN-75F-DRY-O.05-57 BASELINE 75 0.05 280.5 .231 .115


TEN-75F-DRY-O.05-59 BASELINE 75 0.05 317.7 .222 .137

AVE 314.3 .235 .112

SD 19.4 .0152 .0128

CV (_) 6.17 6.45 11.4

TABLE 10


BASELINE SAMPLES DRY

SPECIMEN NO. AGING TEST CROSBNEAD STRENGTH NOOULUS POISSON'S

CONDiTiON TENP SPEED (ps, i) (msi) RATIO(OF) (in/min)

BASELINE 75 0.25 329.8 .250 .108TEN-75F-DRY-O.25-52

TEN-75F-DRY-0.25-53 BASELINE 75 0.25 283.4 .238 .129


TEM-75F-DRY-0.25-61 BASELINE 75 0.25 365.9 .211 .150

TEM-75F-DRY-0.25-62 BASELINE 75 0.25 319.0 .255 .128

TEN-75F-DRY-O.25-63 BASELINE 75 0.25 252.0 .234

TEN-75F-ORY-0.25-64 BASELINE 75 0.25 403.4 .233 .101

TEN-75F-DRY-0.25-65 BASELINE 75 0.25 314.2 .222

AVE 323.0 .229 .122

SO 66.4 .0217 .0178

CV (_) 14.3 9.47 14.6

29

TABLE 11



SPECIMEN HO. AGING TEST CROSSNEAD STRENGTH MODULUS POISSON'S

CONDITION TEMP SPEED (psi) (ms i) RATIO(OF) (in/min)


TEN-73F-ORY-2.O0-55 BASELINE 75 2.0 349.2 .240 .0900

TEN-73F-DRY-2.00-_ BASELINE 73 2.0 400.2 .214 .107



AVE

SO

CV (_)

326.2

_.320.9

• 228

• 02008.77

.0919

.0133

14.5

SPECIMEN NO.

TEN- 75 F-DRY-O. 05-1-OLD

TEN- 73F-DRY-O. 05-2-OLD

TABLE 9A - COMPARE TO TABLE 9

INDIVIDUAL TENSILE PROPERTY SUMMARY.

CORRELATION SAMPLES (DRY) TESTED USING OLD GEOMETRYTO COMPARE THIS PROGRAM WITH PREVIOUS PROGRAM DWG# ENg-3684.

AGING

CONDITION

CORRELATION

CORRELATION

CROSSNEADSPEED

(in/min)

0.05

TESTTEMP

(°F}

73

73

73

75

75

75

0.05

STRENGTH

(l_i)

264.8

288.5

TEN-75F-DRY-O.OS-3-OLD CORRELATION 0.05 326.4

TEN-75F-DRY-O.OS-4-OLD CORRELATION 0.05 311.4

CORRELATION 0.05 285.8

0.05 296.1

TEN-75F-ORY-O.OS-S-OLD

TEN-75F-DRY-O.OS-6-OLD CORRELATION

AVE 29S .S

SO 21.4

CV (X) 7.25

NODULUS

(mi)

POISSON'S

RATIO

Previous data obtained on May 1992, P.O# 100206, using specimen geometry of D_.dll ENB-3684 atso achieved an

average tensile strength of 295 pet. Therefore, tensile str_'41th data is reproducible using sam geometries

at different dates.

3O

TABLE 12INDIVIDUAL TENSILE PROPERTYSUMMARY

AGED AT 90Y.RH, 900F

SPECIMEN NO. AGINGCONDITION

TEST CROSSHEADTEMP SPEED(OF) (in/min)

STRENGTH(psi)

MOOULUS(mi)

POISSON'SRATIO

TEN-75F-90%-O.05-88 90_N, 90°F 75 0.05 165.8 .0840 .290

TEN-75F-90%-O.05"89 75 0.05 124.1 ,07_) .383

TEN-75F-90%-O.05"94 75 0.05 162.8 .0651 .409

TEN-75F-90%-O.05-96 90_RH, 900F 75 0.05 163.8 .0907 .390

TEN-75F-90%-O.05"98 90_RH, 900F 75 0.05 151.8 .0718 .373

AVE 153.7 .0780 .]69.SO 17.4 .0100 .0461CV (X) 11.3 12.8 12.5

TABLE 13INDIVIDUAL TENSILE PROPERTYSUMMARY

AGED AT 90_[,RH, 90°F

SPECIMEN NO. AGING TEST CROSSHEAD STRENGTH W3DULUS IM3ISSON'SCONDITION TEMP SPEED (psi) (nmi) RATIO

(OF) (in/min)

TEN-75F-90%-0.25-90 90_,.RH, 9O°F 75 0.25 158.0 .0678 .2_

TEN-75F-90¢-O. 25-_ 90_WHr 90°F

9O_RH, 90°F

75 0.25 201.6 .09O5 .249

TEN-75F-90%-0.25-101 75 0.25 201.2 .09_ .266

TEN-75F-90'4-0.25-102 9O_RH, 90% 75 0.25 161.7 .0_7 .306"

AVE 175.6 .0809 .271SO 30.5 .01/.8 .O2_,J,CV (Z) 17.4 18.3 8.99

SPECIMEN NO.

TEN- 75F-QO_-2.00-92

TEN- 75F-90_-2.00-93

TEN-75F-OOX-2.00-100

TEN-75F-90_- 2.00-103

TEN-75F-OOX-2.00-104

TABLE 16INDIVIDUAL TENSILE PROPERTY SUMMARY

AGEDAT 90"/,,RHf 90°F

AGINGCOMOITIOM

STRENGTH(l:_i)

TEST CROSSNE/_TENP SPEED(OF) (in/min)

75 2.00

75 2.00

75 2.00

75 2.00

75 2.00

AVESOCV (X)

POISSON'SRAT10

90e4RNf O0°F 188.6 .114

90¢RN, 90°F 196.9 .0778 .305

160.4 .110

203.6

155.7

qO3itNI 90°F

90"4RHf 90°F

90Y,RNf 90°F

.O842

.O9O3

.O953

.016016.8

181.021.712.0

.243

.263

.248

.265

.028110.6

31

TABLE 15

INDIVIDUAL COMPRESSIVE PROPERTY SUMMARY

AGED AT 90%RH, 90°F, THEN DRIED AT 180°F

SPECIMEN NO. AGING

CONDITION

TEST

TEMP(OF)

CROSSHEAD

SPEED

(in/min)

STRENGTH

(psi)

POISSON'S

RATIO

CMP-75F-90%(DRIED)-O.O5-1 90%RH(DRIED) 75 O.OS 826 .273 .145

CMP-75F-gO%(DRIED)-O.O5-2 90%._H(DRIED) 75 0.05 940 .286 .146

CMP-75F-90_(DRIED)-O.05-3 90XRH(DRIED) 75 0.05 882 .337 .142

CMP-75F-90_(DRIED)-O.OS-4 90_H(DRIED) 75 0.05 Q03 .322 .148

CMP-75F-90%(DRIED)-O.05-5 9O_(,RH(DRIED) 75 0.05 753 .234 .126

CMP-75F-90%(DRIED)-O.OS-6 90%,_H(DRIED 75 0.05 1011 .284 .128

CMP-75F-90_(DRIED)-O.O5-7 90Y,,RN(DRIED) 75 0.05 757 .312 .176

CMP-75F-90_(DRIED)'O.OS-8 90%RH(DRIED) 75 O.OS 1005 .315 .134

CMP-75F-90_(DRIED)-O.O5-9 90_H(DRIED) 75 0.05 835 .304 .138

CMP-75F-90_(DRIED)-O.OS-IO 90Y,RH(DRIED) 75 0.05 824 .252 .116

AVE 876 .292 .140

SD 91.8 .0326 .0161

CV (Z) 10.5 11.1 11.6

TABLE 16


AGED AT 90_RH, 90°F, THEN DRIED AT 180°F

SPECIMEN NO. AGING TEST CROSSHEAD STRENGTH MOOULUS POISSON'S

CONDITION TEMP SPEED (psi) (li) RATIO(OF) (in/min)

CMP-75F-90%(DRIED)-O.25-11 90_RH(DRIED) 75 0.25 1105 .297 .136

CMP-75F-90%(DRIED)-O.25-12 90Y,RH(DRIED) 75 0.25 1022 .275 .138

CMP-75F-90%(DRIED)-0.25-13 90_RH(DRIED) 75 0.25 1006 .286 .124

90_H(ORIED) 75 0.25 1135 .321 .134CMP-75F-90"4(DRIED)-0.25-16

CMP-75F-90_(DRIED)-0.25-15 901(RH(DRIED) 75 0.25

AVE

SO

CV (Z)

839

1021

116

11.3

.29O

.296

.0172

5.84,

.134

• 133

• 0O540

4.06

32

TABLE 17


AGED AT 90_RH, 90OF, THEN DRIED AT 1800F

SPECIMEN NO. AGING TEST CROSSHEAD STRENGTH MODULUS POISSOW'S

CONDITION TEMP SPEED (p4i) (msi) RATIO(OF) (inlmin)

CMP-TSF-90%(DRIED)-2.00-16 90%,RH(DRIED) 75 2.00 90S .299 .152

CMP-75F-90%(DRIED)-2.00-17 90Z,RH(DRIED) 75 2.00 1223 .292 .123

CMP-75F-90%(DRIED)-2.00-18 905QRH(DRIED) 75 2.00 1068 .282 .127

CMP-TSF-90Z(DRIED)-2.00-19 90_Q_H(DRIED) 75 2.00 953 .302 .175

CMP-TSF-90_(DRIED)-2.00-20 901¢RH(DRIED) 713 2.00 1182 .262 .107

AVE

SO

CV (%)

1066

138

13.0

.Z87

.0161

S._

• 137

• 0268

19.6

33

TABLE 18

INDIVIDUAL CC_4PRESSIVE PROPERTY SUMMARY

BASELINE SAMPLES (DRY)


TEST

TEMP

(°F)

CROSSHEAD

SPEED

(in/min)

STRENGTH

(psi)

MODULUS

(msi)

POISSO_'S

RATIO

CMP-75F-DRY'O.05"31 BASELINE 75 0.05 966 .285 .12B

CMP-75F-DRY-O.05-32 BASELINE 75 O.OS 907 .287 .144

CMP-75F-DRY-O.OS-33 BASELINE 75 0.05 875 .281 .133

CMP-75F-DRY-O.05-38 BASELINE 75 0.05 1009 .301 .155

CMP-75F-ORY-O.O5-39 BASELINE 75 0.05 968 .2_ .1_

CMP-75F-0RY-O.05-40 BASELINE 75 0.05 877 .293 .156

CMP-75F-DRY-O.05-41 BASELINE 75 O.OS 794 .260 .105

AVE 911 .282 .161

AD 71.0 .0196 .0208

CV (_) 7.79 6.96 16.7

TABLE 19

INDIVIDUAL COMPRESSIVE PROPERTY SUMMARYBASELINE SN4PLES DRY

SPECINEN NO. AGING TEST

CONDITION TENP(OF)

CMP-75F-DRY-0.25-63

CROSSHEAD STRENGTH

SPEED (pet)(in/min)

NCI)ULUS

(mt)

POISSO_'S

RATIO

BASELINE

CMP-75F-ORY-0.25-34 BASELINE 75 0.25 1071 .279 .115

CNP-75F-DRY-0.25-35 BASELINE 75 0.25 _ .292 --

CNP-75F-DRY-0.25-62 BASELINE 75 0.25 950 .289 .151

850 .304 .149

BASELINE

75

75CMP-75F-ORY-O.2S-4&

0.25

0.25

AVE

SO

CV (_)

916

80.8

8.50

.306

.296

.0112

3.80

.145

• 140.01_

12.0

34

TABLE 20

[ND[VIDUAL COMPRESSIVE PROPERTY SUMMARY


SPECIMEN NO.

CMP-75F-DRY-2•O0"36

AGING

GONDITION

BASELINE

TEST

TEMP

(OF)

75

CROSSHEAD

SPEED

(inlmin)

2.0

STRENGTH

(psi)

889

MODULUS

(msi)

• 308

POISSON'S

RATIO

• 137

CMP-75F-DRY-2.00"37 BASELINE 75 2.0 1008 .298 .129

CMP-75F-DRY-2.00-65 BASELINE 75 2•0 846 .337 .1T7

CMP-75F-DRY-2.00"46 BASELINE 713 2.0 908 .320 ,17"2

CMP-75F-DRY-2.00-67 BASELINE 75 2.0 954 .31E •135

AVE 921 .315 .150SO 62.2 .0146 .0226

CV (%) 6.75 4.64 15.1

35

TABLE 21


AGED AT 90_RH, 90°F

SPECIMEN NO. AGING TEST CROSSHEAD STRENGTH NOOULUS PO]SSON'S

CONDITION TEMP SPEED (psi) (ms i) RATIO(OF) (in/min)

CMP-75F-9OX-O.05"21 90T,RH, 90°F 7'5 0.05 473 0.0839 0.327

CMP-75F-90_'O.05"22 7'_ 0.05 51B .104 .330

CMP-75F-90_-O.05-23 75 0.05 553 .0944 .346

CMP-75F-90_-O•O5-24 9O_IRH, 90°F 75 0.05 584 .0992 .322

CMP-75F-90_-O.05-25 90_RH, 90°F 75 0.05 502 .0945 .342

AVE 526 .0952 .333

SO 43•4 .00745 •0102

CV (Z) 8.26 7.83 3•06

SPECIMEN NO.

TABLE 22

INDIVIDUAL COMPRESSIVE PROPERTY SUHNARYAGED AT 90_{_H, 90°F

AGING

CONDITION

STRENGTH

(psi)

NOOULUS

(rnsi)

POISSON'SRATIO

TEST CROSSHEAD

T_MP SPEED('F) (in/min)

75 0.25

75 0.25

75 0.25

AVE

SO

CV (_{)

CMP-75F-90Z-0.25-26 90_H, 9O°F 613 .0863 •287

CMP-75F-90X-0.25-27 589 .0934 .282

522

575

47.2

8.20

CMP- 75F-90_-0.25-28 .107

.O956

.0105

11.0

.334

.301

• 0287

9.53

TABLE 23


AGED AT 90_RNf 90°F

SPECIMEN NO. AGZNG TEST

CONDITION T!MP('F)

CMP- 75F-90"4- 2.00- 29 907AN f 90°F 75

CMP- 75 F-90_-2.00- 30 90_glN f 90°F 75

CROSSNEAD STRENGTH

SPEED (psi)

(in/min)

2.00 616

2.00 622

AVE 619

SO 4.24

CV(X) .685

MODULUS POISSON*S

(li) RATIO

.0876 .255

.110 •352

.0988 .304

.0158 .068616.0 22.6

36

15.0 COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION MEASUREMENTS

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion measurements were made using the

quartz push rod dilatometer method (Figure ii) in accordance with

Test Specification ASTM E-228 entitled "Linear Thermal Expansion

of Solid Materials with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer".

Sample heating and measurement was performed within the

isothermal zone of an insulated furnace, with controlled heating

rates that were limited to 5°F per minute. Sample temperature

was recorded with a Type K thermocouple, and length changes were

recorded with an LVDT displacement transducer.

Two sample sizes were measured for this program; 2.00 inches

length by 0.25 inch wide by 0.25 inch thick and; 7.0 inches longwith a 0.75 inch diameter.

Each specimen was tested over the range room temperature to250°F.

Prior to measurement of the PVA/MB samples a calibration test was

performed using the NIST fused silica standard reference

material, SRM 739-1. The results are shown in Figure 12.

The average CTE results for the PVA/MB samples are shown in

Figure 13 and Table 24. Tabulations of the individual values are

presented in Tables 25 thru 29.

Tabulations of individual batch formulations, individual

cure/aging dates and times, individual dimensional measurements,

high humidity wet and dry bulb measurements, strip chart records

of cure temperature vs time, plots of the high humidity aging

conditions, drying cycle temperature vs time plots, and the

individual expansion vs temperature curves are presented in the

appendix.

Thermal expansion is presented in percent, and is calculated at

each temperature as;

% Expansion - AL/L o x i00.

where:

AL = change in length (in)

L o = original length (in)

37

FIGURE iiCTE FACILITY

OUAR Z USii'LYDT SIGNAL J j

CONDITIONER AND

FURNACE CONTROL J J,

T/C

FURNACE

JlX-Y

RECORDER

GAS FLOW

OUT

r.9

Z

zmo..9cn_Zm

il.lln|n|l

I

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" 0 0 C) 0 C} 0 0 0 "

I I i I

_uooaOduoisuudx._ IUmaoq.I.

39

o

oo_

I,,,,-I

TABLE 24

SUMMARY OF EFFECT OF HUMIDITY ON CTE OATA

TEST TYPE AGING

CONDITION

CTE (_) AT TEMPERATURE (OF)

75 100 1&O 180 250

CTE BASELINE 0 .0110 .0299 .0459 .0753

90_.RH(ORIEO) 0 .0101 .0284. .0_45 .0773

70°F SO%RH 0 .0048 .0045 -.0093 -.0159

90°F 90_RH 0 .0039 -.0166 -.0670 -.0700

CORRELATION O -.0049 .0006 .0154 .0393

41

TABLE 25

INDIVIDUAL THERMAL EXPANSION (CTE) SLINMARYBASELINE SAMPLES (DRY)

SPECIMEN NO. CTE (%) AT TEMPERATURE (OF)

75 100 140 180 250

CTE-DRY-36 BASELINE 0 .014 .033 .050 .086

37 " 0 .011 .029 .045 .076

38 " 0 .011 .030 .045 .075

39 " 0 .010 .02B .044 .077

40 " 0 .011 .030 .046 .077

41 " 0 .011 .030 .045 .068

42 " 0 .010 .029 ._ .071

43 " 0 .010 .030 .046 .072

AVE .0110 .0299 .0459 .0753

SO .001309 .001458 .001808 .005392

CV (_) 11.90 4.88 3.94 7.16

TABLE 26

INDIVIDUAL THERMAL EXPANSION (CTE) SLI4MARYAGED AT 900F 90_ RH

SPECIMEN NO.

CTE-90%-9

AGINGCONDITION

90°F 905_RH

CTE (_) AT TEMPERATURE (OF)

75 J 100

- .005

1/+0

- .044

180

- .091

250

-.068

10 " 0 .003 -.036 -.080 -.059

11 " 0 -.001 -.043 -.063 -.045

1Z " 0 .009 .003 -.050 -.062

13 " 0 .013 .003 -.063 -.083

14 " 0 .003 -.002 -.064 -.085

15 " 0 .005 .003 -.058 -.088

.0039

.005984153.44

- .0670

.013880

20.72

- .0166

• 023057138.90

AVE

SO

CV (Z)

-. 0700

.01_)

22.83

Note: CV(Z) value is not relevant in this type of analysis 10ut is presented for reference. As the thermal

expansion curve returns to zero percent expansion, CV(_) approaches infinity. A petter indication of the

data spread is reflected in the SO values,

42

TABLE 27

INDIVIDUAL THERMAL EXPANSION (CTE) SUMMARYAGED AT 90°F 90% RH THEN DRIED AT 180°F


75

CTE (%) AT TEMPERATURE (OF)

100 140 180 250

CTE-90%(DRIEO)-20 90_RH (DRIED) 0 .009 .024 .038 .066

21 " 0 •011 .028 .043 .074

22 " 0 .010 •029 .047 .082

23 " O .010 •028 •043 .078

24 " 0 •010 •031 .049 .083

25 " 0 .009 .029 .048 .082

26 " 0 .011 .029 •045 .078

27 " 0 .011 •029 .043 •075

.0284

.0019967.03

•0101•0008358.26

•0445•0035467.97

AVE$0CV (%)

.0773

.0056257.28

TABLE 28INDIVIDUAL THERMALEXPANSION (CTE) SUMMARY

AGED AT 700F 50% RH

SPECIMEN NO.

CTE-50%-28

AGINGCONDITION

35

AVESOCV (%)

70°F 50_g_N

75

CTE (%) AT TEMPERATURE(OF)

100

.004

140

.005

.004

180

- .012

.0O5

250

•024

29 " 0 .006 •007 -.003 -.006

30 " 0 .005 .002 -.017 -.033

31 " 0 .007 .008 -.007 -.019

32 " 0 .004 .004 ".009 ".012

33 " 0 ,004 .003 -,011 -.010

34 " 0 .003 .003 -.009 -.009

O! - .006

- .0093.004234

45.53

•0048.00128226.70

•0045•002070

46.00

- .014

-.0159.00899956._

Note: CV(%) value is not relevant in this type of armtysis but is presented for reference. As the thereatexpansion curve return= to zero percent expansion, CV(%) approaches infinity. A petter indication of thedata spreed is reflected in the SO values.

43

TABLE 29 COMPARE WITH TABLE 25

INDIVIDUAL THERMAL EXPANSION (CTE) SUMMARY

CORRELATION SAMPLES (0•25" BY 0•25" BY 2•0" LONG)

TESTED DRY FOR COI4PARISON TO LARGER SPECIMEN SIZE

SPECIMEN NO.

CTE-Dry-l-Sn_ll

2

3

4

5

6

AVE

SO

CV (X)

AGING

CONDITION

CTE (%) AT TEMPERATURE (oF)

75 100 140 180 250

CORRELATION 0 -•001 .002 .018 .048

" 0 -•003 .005 •025 .056

" 0 -.001 •006 .021 •053

" 0 -.004 -•003 •013 •049

" 0 -•007 .002 •010 •023

" 0 -•012 -.011 -.002 .012

•018-.005 • 003

- .006

-•0049

.0036O3

73.53

.001

.0006

•005423

903•86

•020

.0154

.00_1754.65

• 032

.041

.0393

.01560039.69

Note: CV(%) vatue is not relevant in this type of analysis but is presented for reference. As the thermal

expansion curve returns to zero percent expansion, CV(Z) approaches infinity, A better indication of thedata spread is reflected in the SD values•

44

16.0 MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF FRACTURE SURFACES

Outer and inner surfaces of several specimens were

microscopically examined to verify that the microballons were not

crushed during the molding operation. No evidence of crushed

microballons was observed on these surfaces. The machined

surfaces of the specimens were also examined, and as expected,

the grinding operation opened microballons on these surfaces.

The fracture surface of the specimens were also examined, and as

expected, these surfaces also contain open microballons.

Photomicrographs were also taken of the specimens subjected to

high humidity conditions to determine if these samples appeared

to be anomalous. All photomicrographed samples showed no

anomalies. Reference Figure 14 for a representative sample of

these photomicrographs.

This examination was conducted using an Olympus SZ40

stereomicroscope.

Figure 15 is a photograph of typical tensile and compressivefailure modes.

45

FIGURE 14

PHOTOGRAPHS OF FRACTURE SURFACES

MAGNIFICATION = 55X

AS MOLDED SURFACE: TEN-75F-90%(DRIED)-0.05-77

FRACTURE SURFACE: TEN-75F-90%(DRIED)-0.05-77

46

FIGURE 15TYPICAL TENSILE AND COMPRESSION SPECIMEN FAILURE MODES

47

17.0 DISCUSSION/ OBSERVATIONS

Effect of Humidity and Loadinq Rate on Tensile and Compressive

Properties.

The primary objective of this work was to determine if cured

soluble core filler material regains its tensile and compressive

strength after redrying following exposure to high humidity

conditions.

The pass/fail criteria was that the material's tensile and

compressive ultimate strength shall return to within one standard

deviation of the baseline ultimate strength after exposure to

high humidity conditions followed by a drying cycle.

Figure 8 in section 14.0, shows that not only does the material

regain its tensile and compressive strength after high humidity

conditioning and redrying, but the conditioning cycle actually

increases the tensile and compressive strength. Similar

responses were noted for modulus and Poisson's ratio.

One possible explanation for this is that the high humidity

conditioning further distributes the binder (PVA) around the

microballons providing additional bonding sites and, therefore,

greater dry sample strength.

If this is true, then it follows that storing a pre-cured mixture

in a sealed container for a week, more or less, may improve the

distribution of binder (PVA) around the microballons and provide

stronger samples.

It may also be true that an increase in the amount of binder

(PVA) in a mixture will increase the strength of the samples.

The effect of mixture pre-cure storage time and PVA concentration

could be determined by testing samples where (I) The mixture pre-

cure storage time is varied and (2) The PVA concentration is

varied.

Figure 8 also shows that the samples conditioned at 90°F,90%RH

had lower tensile and compressive strengths than the dry samples

and that the high humidity condition is the primary factor

responsible for the large reductions in tensile and compressive

strength. Significant changes in modulus and Poisson's ratio

were also noted for increases in humidity level.

Also evident was increases in loading rate, increased the

ultimate tensile and compressive strength. The impact of loading

rate on modulus and Poisson's ratio was minimal.

48

Fillinq and Packinq of the Tensile and Compression Molds.

The method used to prepare uniformly compacted compression

specimens was to add the loose PVA/MB mix to the mold in

approximately 200 ml portions. Each portion was tamped and

compacted before the next was added. This process was continued

until the mold was completely filled.

Tensile samples were more difficult pack uniformly than the

compression samples because of the smaller diameter of the

tensile samples. We discovered that adding and packing the loose

material in =25 ml portions, resulted in uniformly compacted

tensile samples. We also realized that using a mold geometry

that allowed us to pack the material from one side, rather than

from the top to bottom, would have made it easier to create

uniformly compacted tensile samples.

Great care was taken to obtain tightly packed samples of uniform

density since we knew from previous work, with this PVA/MB

material, that the degree and uniformity of compaction has a

direct effect on the strength of the material. The difficulty we

encountered in creating uniform compacted laboratory tensile

samples underscores the difficulty we expected will be

encountered when large solid rocket motor molds are created with

the PVA/MB material.

It is our belief that the tensile and compressive properties, of

the PVA/MB material, is highly dependent upon the packing

uniformity and localized density of the material.

Some sort of automated packing system, which would insure maximum

compaction, would provide maximum strength properties and lowerthe coefficient of variance in the data.

Tensile and Compression Failure Modes.

All of the tensile specimens, aged at various conditions and

tested at various loading rates, failed in the expected reduced

cross-sectional area of the specimen. The compression samples

failed in what can be described as either a "cone and split" or

"simple flat crushing" sample failure mode. Reference Figure 15

for a photograph of typical tensile and compression specimen

failures.

49

Thermal Expansion

Moisture level has a significant influence on t e free thermal

expansion response of the material. Figure 13, in section 15,

shows acomparison of the effect of humidity level on thermal

expansion measurements.

Samples tested directly out of the cureoven and cooled in a

desiccated chamber, prior to testing, (baseline dry) expanded ina linear manner.

Samples tested after conditioning at 90°F, 90%RH, then redried at

180°F, and cooled in a desiccated chamber, expanded in a linear

manner like the baseline dry samples.

Samples tested after conditioning at 90°F, 90%RH, contracted

considerably before expanding. These samples were saturated with

water, during the high humidity conditioning, causing the sample

to swell. Therefore, during d_s/eilng, as the water was out

of the sample, the sample contracted. Once all of the water was

gone, the sample expanded as expected.

Samples conditioned at 70°F, 50%RH, under laboratory ambient

conditions, contracted like the high humidity samples but not to

the same magnitude, before expanding. These samples absorbed

some moisture, during the 7 day period in the lab, causing the

sample to swell. Therefore, during testing, as the water was

driven out of the sample, the sample contracted. Once all of the

water was gone, the sample expanded as expected.

The 2" long baseline dry correlation samples were anomalous.

These samples should have responded like the other baseline dry

samples. However, they behaved more like the 7" long samples

conditioned at 70°F, 50%RH. The smaller sample size must be the

cause. The small sample is more likely to contain proportionally

larger localized variations in density than the larger sample,

resulting in a greater effect on the CTE measurement. Another

possible reason for the discrepancy could be the contact force of

the LVDT. Although these are called "Free" thermal expansion

tests, there is a small force of =25 grams acting axially against

the specimen. This small load may be sufficient to effect the

CTE measurement on 2" long, i/4" by 1/4" square cross-section

samples. The cross-sectional area difference between the 2" long

(1/4" by i/4" square) samples and the 7" long (0.75" dia) samplesis a factor of 7 times.

5O

Current Proqram Compared to Previous Work

If one was to compare test results from the previous work (EMTL

Report # 1430) to the results from this program one would see

that the slightly higher humidity level of (95°F, 95%R@) vs

(90°F, 90%RH) caused a further reduction in tensile and

compressive strength. However, itshould be noted that the

tensile sample geometries were different for the two programs and

that the geometry differefce could account for some of the

strength difference. Also note that the previous programs dry

samples were stored under laboratory ambient conditions (70°F,

50%RH) and not in a desiccator.

General Observations

It was observed during the packing of the samples that the moist

mixture turns into a dry crust very rapidly (< 5min) once exposedto air.

For future reference, the specified cooldown period of 6 hours

before testing seems excessive. The small laboratory sized

samples, used in this program, cooled to room temperature within

30 minutes or less.

51

REFERENCES

I AEROJET ASRM, "Process Development Test Plan" WBS No. 1 4 3 4

DR-TM05, Type 3, page I.

52

APPENDIX

53

MICROBALLON CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS

54

p .

CUSTOMER :

DATE:P.O. #:

PRODUCT CODE-

PRODUCT :

LOT NUHBER :

Test Method

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS

Fiber Materials Inc..

October 26, L992

72010 jSG

SG

ZI

Discription Resul t$

P,O,Box 2Cha_anoosa,Tennessee37

Te(ephone"615 629-7TELEX: 558

Cable: PAPAPPFAX: 615 698.._

U.S. STANDARD SIEVE

WT X OUER SIEUE

U ISUAL

hi/A

WEI GHT PER

MEASURED VOLUME

AI R PYCNOHETER

Y. LOSS OVENDRIED SAMPLE

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION:

MEAN PARTICLE DIAMETER:

APP EA P_ANCE :

HELTING PO IN_:

BULK DENSITY:

SPECIFIC GRAVI T'f:

MO ISTURE :

I0 - 425 MICRONS

140 MICRONS

GRAY, FREE FLOWING

>2700 DEGREES F

24. I LBS/FT3

QUALITY CONTROL TECHNICIAN

55

_HIPPER:

,,,,,,,,,,, PACKING LIST "*_''''''''

THE PO CORPORATION

501 CI_MBERLAND BLDG. ?0

CHATTANCX]GA. TN 37404

SHIP TO: Fiber _aterials Inc.

5 Morin St/Biddeford Ind Pk

Biddeford. ME 04005

CUSTOMER P.O. NO: 77010 SHIP VIA: UPS

ORDERED SHIPPED DESCRIPTION

2150# haas) SAME E xtendosnhe res SG

ECEIVED BY:

56

INDIVIDUAL BATCH FORMULATION DATA

57

FORMULATION OF SOLUBLE CORE MIXTURE

BATCH MB

# (g)

I 1874.9

2 18T3.0

3 1877.0

4 1879.7 253.8

5 187_..0 253.8

6 1876.2 254.4

7 1879.3 254.1

8 1878.2 254.2

9 1875.5 251.2

10 1879.7 252.7

11 1875.9 251.7

12 1876.6 253.3

13 1877.7 255.1

14 1879.1 253.6

15 1875.6 252.2

16 1878.1 245.5

17 1874.3 251.8

(g_2o ETHANOL(g)

250.3 251.2

250.5 251.9

253.3 254.5

255.0

252.7

254.6

252.4

255.0

253.9

252.8

PVA

(g)

125.5

125.1

126.4

126.0

127.4

128.1

129.3

126.6

127.0

128.7

127.3

TOTAL

(g)

BINDER

TEMP (F)

BINDER MIX

TIME (min)

FILLER MIXING

TIME (min)

135.5 60 5

2428.9 138.2 45 5

2457.9 131.0 45 5

2453.7 131.9 70 5

2448.2 136.4 60 5

132.8 70 5

2443.6 136.4 60 5

2457.4 137.3 45 5

2439.5 136.4 60 5

2458.3 134.6 60 5

254.1 2610.1 131.0 60 5

255.9 127.7 134.6 75 5

253.2 128.9 2469.4 136.0 60 5

253.6 126.1 2460.7 136.5 60 5

254.2 129.6 2452.7 138.2 45 5

253.3

253.3

129.7

128.7

2458.1 138.6 60 5

2453.6 140.0 60 5

Note: Following statements apply for all batches.

Binder mix agitation speed: Stirred binder slowly with magnetic stirrer hot plate.

PVA addtion rate: Slowly added PVA to microballons by hand white stirring.

Fitter mixing speed: SLow mixed by hand.

Mixed filler storage time: For att compressions, there was no storage time. ALL compression batches werecompletely used or remainder discarded. For tensiles, storage time was less than 2 weeks.

JAB mixed all batches.

GMV packed all compresaiorl.

JAB packed tension #1 thru dKS. Not used.

GNV packed ter_ion #46 thru #117

GMV packed all CTE$

58

INDIVIDUAL CURING/AGING DATE AND TIME SUMMARIES

59

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HIGH HUMIDITY AGING WET AND DRY BULB MEASUREMENTS

71


SPECIMEN NO. DATE, TIME DRY BULB WET BULB RELATIVE

TEMP (°F) TEMP (°F) HUMIDITY (%)

CMP #I thru #I0 11106/92 14:00 90 87 90

11/09/92 08:00 90 87 90

11110192 08:00 90 87 90

11/11/92 08:00 90 87 90

11/11/92 16:00 90 87 90

Chamber #1

HIGH HUMIDITY AGING W_T AND DRY BULB MEASUREMENTS

SPECIMEN NO. DATE, TIME DRY BULB WET BULB RELATIVETEMP (OF) TEMP (OF) HUMIDITY (_)

aMP #11 thru #20 11/11192 16:00 90 87 90

11112/92 08:00 90 87 90

11/13/92 08:00 90 87 90

11/16/92 08:00 90 87 90

11/16/92 16:00 90 87 90

Chamloer #1


SPECIMEN NO. DATE, TIME DRY BLI_B WET BULB RELATIVETEMP ('F) TEMP (OF) HUMTDITY (X)

CMP #21 thru #30 11112192 08:00 90 87 90

11113192 138:00 90 87 90

11116192 08:00 90 87 90

11117192 08:00 90 87 90

Chamber #2

Note: Wet and dry bulb measurements only taken period|cstly.

High humidity chem_oer runs reliably for months without Klju=tment u preset conditions.

72



TEMP (°F) TEMP (°F) HUMIDITY (%)

TEN #70 thru #85 12/09/92 16:00 90 87 90

12/10/92 08:00 90 87 90

12/11/92 08:00 90 87 90

12/14/92 08:00 90 87 90

12/15/92 16:00 90 87 90

Chanioer #I



TEMP (OF) TEMP (OF) HUMIDITY (%)

TEN _ thru #93 12/10/92 08:00 90 87 90

12/11/92 08:00 90 87 90

12/14/92 08:00 90 87 90

12115/92 08:00 90 87 90

;h_r #1


SPECIMEN NO. DATE, TIME DRY BULB WET BULB RELATIVETEMP (OF) TEMP (°F) HUMIDITY (%)

TEN #94 thru #101 12/11/92 08:10 90 87 90

12/14/92 08:00 90 87 90

12115/92 08:00 90 87 90

12116192 08:00 90 87 90

;hasher #2

HIGH NUMIDITY AGIN G WI_T AND DRY BULB MEASUREMENTS

SPECIMEN NO.

TEN #102 thru 8105

hmber #2

DATE, TIME

12/11/92 15:20

12114192 08:00

DRY BULBTEMP (OF)

9O

9O

WET BULB

TEMP (OF)

87

87

RELATIVEHUMIDITY (%)

90

90

12115192 08:00 90 87 90

12116192 08:00 90 87 90

Note: Wet end dry bulb measurements onty taken periodicstly.

High humidity chamber runs reliably for months without adjustment ms preset conditions.

73


SPECIMEN NO. OATE, TIME DRY BULB

TEMP (°r)

WET BULB

TEMP (OF)

RELATIVE

HUMIDITY (%)

TEN #106 thru #109 12/17/92 08:30 go 87 90

12/18/92 08:00 90 87 90

12/21/92 08:00 90 87 90

12/22/92 15:30 90 87 90

_hant_er #I

HIGH HUMIDITY AGINq WET AND DRY BULB MEASUREMENTS

SPECIMEN NO. DATE, TIME DRY BULB WET BULB RELATIVETEMP (OF) TEMP (OF) HUMIDITY (%)

TEN #110 thru #113 12117/92 16:15 90 87 90

12/18/92 08:00 90 87 90

12/21/92 08:00 90 87 90

12/22/92 15:30 90 87 90

Ch anlbe r #1

HIGH HUMIDITY AGINq WET AND DRY BULB MEASUREMENTS

SPECIMEN NO. DATE, TIME DRY BULB WET BULB RELATIVETEMP (°F) TEMP (OF) HUMIDITY (%)

TEN #114 thru #117 12/18/92 15:45 90 87 90

12121/92 08:00 90 87 90

12/23/92 15:30 90 87 90

:hanC>er #1

Note: Wet and dry butb measurements onty taken periodicstty.

High humidity chan_Der runs retiabLy for months without adjustment as preset corw:litions.

74

HIGH HUMIDITY AGING WET AND ORY BULB MEASUREMENTS


CTE #9 thru #11 12/17/92 08:30 90 87 90

12/18/92 08:00 90 87 90

12/21/92 08:00 90 87 90

12/23/92 08:00 90 87 90

:ha_d:>er #1



CTE #12 thru #15 12117/92 16:15 90 87 90

12118192 08:00 90 87 90

12121/92 08:00 90 87 90

12123/92 08:00 90 87 90

12124/92 08:00 90 87 90

Chan_oe r #1

HIGH HUMIDITY AqlNq WET AMO DRY BULB MEASUREMENTS


CTE #20 thru #27 12/23/92 15:40 90 87 90

12/28/92 16:00 90 87 90

:hamber #1

Note: Wet mnd dry bulb memeurmmnte onty taken periodically.

High humidity chamber rurl retiabty for months without adjustment IS preset conditions.

75

INDIVIDUAL DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENTS

76

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-0.08197

-0.08386

-0.08593

-0.08755

280

Z87

_89

[92

_94

Z96

_,gg

2O3

2O6

212

216

2[g

224

228

233

238

242

246

249

250

._Z.742: 3--_e -209'--- __DSo "'_5_ . _'748 _ 7_- - -,,.0928_

3619 -0 32_59 -0.09388

2972 -0 32975 -0.09393

8172 -0 32833 -0.09352

3548 -0 32635 -0.09296

8282 -0 32181 -0.0916707!0 -0 31721 -0.09036

8169 -0 31077 -0.08852

7165 -0 30643 -0.08728

6L61 -0 30209 -0.08605

7092 -0 2Q589 -0.08428

8844 -0 29003 -0.08261

0855 -0 28295 -0.08060

6862 -0 27548 -0.07847

3415 -0 26763 -0.07623

1143 -0.2601 -0.07409

3654 -0.25207 -0.07180

5100 -0.24511 -0.06982

4005 -0.23963 -0.06826

9366 -0.23746 -0.06764

281

CTE- i0, L

TEMD , F

72. 86256

74,4704

75.3291

76.01656

77 73313

79 85302

$2 65911

84 95107

88 85045

90 8582693.6748

97.2388

99.13537

100.6319

101.8406

103.1114

104.9080

107.518

109 5558

Iii 5979

i13 9362

115 7516

117 9195

119 9724

122 2712

_25 0412

127 9458

130 1363

132 2197

134 1302

136 3348

139 0924

143 2084

146 3281

149 6736

152 0612

154 7984

156 9397

158 7822

161 7494

163 9294

165.7502

167.9790

169.8519

171.4885

173.8151

176.4826

178.6204

182.1344

184.6085

87.1963

189.4378

192.0185

194.9938

197.5649

201.0447

203.6074

206.9668

E-2qq8

unc©rr.

0 000602

0 000934

0 001514

0 001o01

0 003187

0 004349

0 006089

0 007317

0 008939

0 009656

0 009808

0 009966

0 010110

0 009869

0 009689

0 008810

0 006665

0 003257

-0.00060

-0.00509

-0.01092

-0.01592

-0.02206

-0.02821

-0.03677

-0.04704

-0.06029

-0.06987

-0.08065

-0 09138

-0 10311

-0 12024

-0 14283

-0 16257

-0 18166

-0 19499

-0 20901

-0 21985

-0 22899

-0.243

-0.25099

-0.25682

-0.26347

-0.26848

-0.27253

-0.27658

-0.27998

-0.28155

-0.28254

-0.28277

-0.28281

-0.28267

-0.28163

-0.27938

-O.27688

-0.27265

-0.26888

-0.26383

EXP, %

0 000172

0 000266

0 000432

0 000542

0 000909

0 00L241

0 001737

0 002088

0 002551

0 002755

0 002799

0 002844

0 002885

0.002816

0.002765

0.002514

0.001902

0.000929

-0.00017

-0.00145

-0.00311

-0.00454

-0.00629

-0.00805

-0.01049

-0 01342

-0 01720

-0 01994

-0 02301

-0 02607

-0 02942

-0 03431

-0 04076

-0 04639

-0 05184

-0 05564

-0.05964

-0.06274

-0.06535

-0.06934

-0.07162

-0.07329

-0.07519

-0.07662

-0.07777

-O.O7893

-0.07990

-0.08035

-0.08063

-0.08069

-0.08071

-0.08067

-0.08037

-0.07973

-0.07901

-0.07781

-0.07673

-0.07529

282

2_= Zs_i -3

2]e 7530 -0

22! 5405 -0

_4 [564 -0

22_ 6029 -0

229 6764 -0

232 8708 -0

23_ 8681 -0

239 [504 -0

244 0618 -0

247 2041 -0

250 1164 -0

252 4605 -0

24_4 -0

24_13 -0

24153 -0

23712 -0

23316 -0

22837 -0

22446 -0

22023 -0

21754 -0

21242 -0

20934 -0

20626 -0

20421 -0

07124

0702406892

06767

06654

06517

06405

06285

0620806062

05974

05886

05827

C7 E-/e

283

CTE-ZI.

TEMP. F

74 94769

78 73716

_5 2177_

88 9056[

95 50£44

96 94689

9_ 63869

[02 2676

104 8900

108 6429

111 5945

114 9355

118 0989

121 4191

125 5221

127 7036

129 8886

131 9625

134 7701

136 6717

138 5187

141 2692

142 0595

143 2573

144 9697

147.2522

150.1640

153 2405

156 9420

160 8066

165 1279

168 4272

171 8437

175 7780

178 1164

181 2589

184.5778

188.3007

192:3754

196.1652

206.1058

209.2170

212.4469

215.2785

218 4585

221 4640

224 3003

227 6002

230 7824

236 3332

239.6265

242.4559

245.2850

249.8379

252.1424

252.4296

LE-2999

uncorr.

0.000058

-0.00028

-0.00025

-0.00003

0.000059

-0 00015

-0 00175

-0 00443

-0 00844

-0 01612

-0 02324

-0 03289

-0 04361

-0 05744-0 07558

-0 08737

-0 09847

-0 10881

-0 12175

-0 13208

-0 14185

-0 15472

-0 15751

-0 15923

-0.1614

-0.16445

-0.16802

-0.17311

-0.17959

-0.18791

-0.19681

-0.20329

-0.20933

-0.21518

-0.21856

-0.22193

-0.22449

-O.22667

-0.22739

-0.22767

-0.22704

-0.22516

-0.22252

-0.21912

-0.21497

-0.21125

-0.2069

-0.20173

-0.19713

-0.18982

-0.18598

-0.18302

-0.18012

-0.17712

-0.17574

-0.17574

ExP. %

0.000016

-0.00008

-0.00007

-0.00001

0.000016

-0 00004

-0 00050

-0 00126

-0 00240

-0 00459

-0 00662-0 00937

-0 01243

-0.01637

-0.02154

-0.02491

-0.02807

-0.03102

-0.03471

-0.03765

-0.04044

-0.04411

-0.04490

-0.04539

-0.04601

-0.04688

-0.04790

-0.04935

-0.05120

-0.05357

-0.05611

-0.05795

-0.05968

-0.06134

-0.06231

-0.06327

-0.06400

-0.06462

-0.06482

-0.06490

-0.06472

-0.06419

-0.06344

-0.06247

-0.06128

-0.06022

-0.05898

-0.05751

-0.05620

-0.05411

-0.05302

-0.05217

-0.05135

-0.05049

-0.05010

-0.05010 284

CTE-12.

TEMP, F

7O.59307

71.74858

73.30268

75.0097

77 27948

80 51359

85 90814

87 01905

91 45765

96 20536

101.2534

105.0655

108.5764

112.6191

116.0064

118.3024

121.1240

123.606

125.9835

128 4275

130 8215

154 4O55

137 1236

140 6257

144 4422

147 6354

149.9797

151.8590

154.5267

157.3938

150.2722

162.899

164.3147

168.5013

171.0221

174.1641

176.0159

178.0946

180;3540

182.6618

185.2011

187.7261

189.9382

192.3280

195.7576

198.1681

201.4437

203.9437

207.1281

210.1848

213.7506

217.1931

219.9400

223.9855

228.0205

232.2727

236.6981

240.7158

LE-3000

umcorr.

-0.00030

-0,00079

-0.00095

0 000524

0 003052

0 006633

0 011252

0 015549

0 021071

0 026408

0 032002

0 035358

0 037311

0 038262

0 038630

0 038918

0 038516

0 037665

0 035925

0 033423

0 030287

0 O23743

0 017503

0 008166

-0.00344

-0.01583

-0.02449

-0.03271

-0 04440

-0 05838

-0 O7331

-0 08640

-0 09431

-0 11778

-0 13164

-0 14942

-0.16018

-0.17068

-0.18187

-0.19231

-0.20286

-0.21221

-0.21941

-0.22705

-0.23512

-0.23965

-0.24443

-0.2468

-0.24872

-0.24956

-0.2497

-0.24914

-0.24808

-0.24504

-0.24111

-0.2361

-0.23115

-0.22576

EXP, %

-0.00008

-0.00022

-0.00027

0 000149

0 000863

0 001889

0 003204

0 004428

0 006000

0 007520

0 009113

0 010069

0 010625

0 010896

0 011001

0 011083

0 010968

0 010726

0 010230

0 009518

0.008625

0.006761

0.004984

0.002325

-0.00098

-0.00450

-0.00697

-0.00931

-0.01264

-0.01662

-0.02087

-0.02460

-0.02685

-0.03354

-0.03748

-0.04255

-0.04561

-0.04860

-0.05179

-0.05476

-0.05777

-0.06043

-0.06248

-0.06465

-0.06695

-0.06824

-0.06960

-0.07028

-0.07082

-0.07106

-0.07110

-0.07094

-0.07064

-0.06978

-0.06866

-0.06723

-0.06582

-0.06429

285

- 0. :3_0 l

..

286

CTE-i3.

TEMP, F

71 45834

73 45278

75 95199

78 32725

80 75688

83 18481

85 38618

88 94249

92 78951

95.2789

99.07529

103.3285

107 3612

II0 6620

114 1947

116 6470

119 2151

119 3860

119 4430

119 3853

119 6136

12i 8403

123 4995

126 2554

128 5571

131 3279

132 9493

135 6191

1381714

140 9723

143.8903

146.8776

149.8649

152.1063

154.5183

157.1808

160.2637

162.3896

164.8718

166.8215

169.6025

171.9692

174 3910

178 0445

181 1065

183 6285

187 3812

190 8844

194 6047

197 8536

200,4488

202 9234

205.2782

207.7990

210.5994

214.2554

217.8500

221.7295

LE-3001

u_corr.

-0.00163

-0.00111

0 001061

0 005077

0 009600

0 014442

0 018964

0 026226

0 032473

0 036489

0 041528

0 046507

0 0500230 051692

0 052664

0.052931

0 052882

0 052946

0 052946

0 053073

0 053074

0 052832

0 052015

0 048853

0 045244

0 039287

0 034849

0 026413

0 018612

0 007001

-0.00518

-0.01965

-0.03411

-0.04783

-0.06141

-0.07918

-0.1009

-0.I1435

-0.13041

-0.14292

-0.16152

-0.17733

-0.19275

-0.21446

-0.23223

-0.24505

-0.26396

-0.27888

-0.29169-0.30171

-0.30684

-0.31077

-0.31361

-0.31551

-0.31632

-0.31706

-0.31698

-0.31683

EXP, %

-0.00046

-0.00031

0 000302

0 001448

0 002738

0 004119

0 005410

0 007481

0 009263

0 010409

0 011846

0 013266

0 014269

0 014746

0 015025

0 015099

0 015085

0 015103

0 015103

0 015140

0 015140

0 015071

0 014838

0 013936

0 012906

0.011207

0.009941

0.007534

0.005309

0.001997

-0.00147

-0.00560

-0.00973

-0.01364

-0.01751

-0.02258

-0.02878

-0.03262

-0.03720

-0.04077

-0.04607

-0.05058

-0.05498

-0.06117

-0.06624

-0.06990

-0.07529

-0.07955

-0.08320

-0.08606

-0.08753

-0.08865

-0.08946

-0.09000

-0.09023-0.09044

-0.09042-0.09038

287

2Z<}.ZZSZ

2So._C521

243.0912

248.8773

251.6581

-3.3LLO _

-0.50609

-0.2991:_

-0.29275

-0.28986

-}.08873

-0.08751

-0.08554

-0.08350

-0.08268

288

CTE-14. L

TEMP, F

71.88793

77.3321

85.06849

97.96245

106.6159

114 2952

llq 5104

124 7830

127 7631

134 4126

136 4192

139 4579

142 3248

145 0201

147 3139

150 1814

154 0244

157 1221

161 7112

168 0216

173.1856

177 4883180 9872

183 2248

186 2073

190 1646

194 3509

199 3965

203 0656

208.7979

211.8356

216.4205

220.6042

224.5012

228.8563

235.3884

240.4308245.0146

249_1400

252.4059

253.4371

E-3002

uncorr.

0 049923

0 052082

0 055467

0 061373

0 063888

0 065682

0 065961

0 065734

0 065585

0 055299

0 050377

0 041546

0 031559

0.019474

0.010211

-0.00411

-0.02625

-0.04716

-0.07668

-0.12089

-0.16314

-0.19389

-0.21502

-0.2321

-0.2491

-0.26914

-0.28745

-0.30374

-0.31242-0.3209

-0.32271

-0 32366

-0 32352

-0 32302

-0 31992

-0 31118

-0 30447-0.29731

-0.29125

-0.28532

-0.28286

EXP, %

0 014221

0 014836

0 015800

0 017482

0 018199

0 018710

0 018789

0 018725

0 018682

0 015752

0 014350

0 011834

0 008989

0 005547

0 002908

-0.00117

-0.00747

-0.01343

-0.02184

-0.03443

-0.04647

-0.05523

-0.06125

-0.06611

-0.07095

-0.07666

-0.08188

-0.08652

-0.08899

-0.09141

-0.09192

-0.09219

-0.09215

-0.09201

-0.09113

-0.08864

-0.08673

-0.08469

-0.08296

-0.08127

-0.08057

289

CTE-15. LTEMP. F

75.2311978.[57_580.62441

82.3437

85.08916

87.4793990.2595

92.87018

g6.21342

99.38724

101.9396

105 2323

108 4764

112 0695

115 4956

i18 1818

121 6160

123 9071

126.4870

129.0188

130.5821

132.8944

135.1610

137.147

139.1305

138.4889

141.4751

144.7640

148.5415

153.4544

157.3874

161.3912

166.0991

169.5474

173.7024

177.7470

181.9154

184.90741881949

191.2957

194.7290

198.5614

201.4932

205.3318

208.3473

211.8662

216.6299

221.2694

224.1323

226.5316

230.4592

234.8378

239.1576

243.3653

248.2637

251.2263

252.6486

E-3003

uncorr.

-0.00072

-0.00133-0.00188

-0.00199

-0.00146

0 000588

0 004[02

0 007297

0 012085

0 016554

0 019876

0 023775

0 026531

0 028592

0 030017

0 030802

0 O31148

0 031167

0 030872

0.029370

0.027162

0.024390

0.020093

0.015033

0.010290

0.011808

0.003266

-0.00743

-0.02212

-0.04302

-0.06310

-0.08496

-0.11659

-0.14074

-0.16742

-0.19468

-0.22314

-0.23999

-0.25805

-0.27414

-0.28877

-0.30315

-0.31207

-0.31972

-0.32458

-0.32785

-0.32908

-0.32904

-0.32889

-0.32804

-0.32477

-0.32055

-0.31613

-0.31203

-0.30837

-0.30626

-0.30497

EXP. %

-0.00020

-0.00037

-0.00053

-0.00056

-0.00041

0 000167

0 001167

0 002076

0 003438

0 004710

0 005655

0 006764

0 007549

0 008135

0 008541

0 008764

0 008862

0 008868

0 008784

0 008357

0 007728

0.006939

0.005717

0.004277

0.002928

0.003359

0.000929

-0.00211

-0.00629

-0.01224

-0.01795

-0.02417

-0.03317

-0.04004

-0.04763

-0.O5539

-0.06349

-0.06828

-0.07342

-0.07800

-0.08216

-0.08625

-0.08879

-0.09097

-0.09235

-0.09328

-0.09363

-0.09362

-0.09358

-0.09333

-0.09240

-0.09120

-0.08995

-0.08878

-0.08774

-0.08714

-0.08677

290

_'g,

73 80358

76 70360

7m 26240

82 2L903

87 50705

93 !3618

_8 65160

ZOO 81236

1,O3 0 _ '_98_

105 01984

110 70589

115 53871

119 51889

[24 35176

129 07077

136 23478

139 36188

142 31848

145 67313

148 91408

151 30218

155 96497

158 01192

161 99219

163 75479

166 37033

169 27018

172 62509

175 86625

179 50534

182 51893

186 10107

188 48919

191 33216

194 06140

197 87090

200 94127

204 80753

208 90140

212 42659

215 89491

218 56720

222 43343

225.10565

228.97175

231.58717

233.86131

236.24927

238.35300

240.51363

242.56039

244.55033

246.48331

248.41626

250.17867

252.22558

252.96468

_ E - : ? 0

E,'<P,6

8

i

2

4

6

8

8

l

i

1

1

1

i

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

3

%

70277e-_

00849e-4

55886e-3

69574e-3

46434e-3

41337e-3

30827e-3

g579ge-3

82418e-3

0600Le-2

24950e-2

.45161e-2

,59057e-2

.78546e-2

.99478e-2

.28531e-2

.41704e-2

.53433e-2

66065e-2

78156e-2

86638e-2

99272e-206491e-2

3 19304e-2

3 26162e-2

3 35365e-2

3.45471e-2

3.54857e-2

3.64242e-2

3.76153e-2

3.86439e-2

3.99252e-2

4.07554e-2

4.17660e-2

4.27585e-2

4.42202e-2

4.53571e-2

4.69631e-2

4.84429e-2

4.98144e-2

5.11859e-2

5.22686e-2

5.39107e-2

5.50836e-2

5.68880e-2

5.79707e-2

5.90714e-2

6.01000e-2

6.09301e-2

6.17422e-2

6.26985e-2

6.35827e-2

6.45751e-2

6.56036e-2

6.65238e-2

6.72818e-2

6.76427e-2

291

:rZ-21. _Z-:},;=

7© 22649

71 54635

72 29209

74 07002

75 73292

77 28i16

7Q 05847

80 43466

82 52701

83 87457

85 19303

86 51188

,38 0600889 60798

90 98584

93 79305

97 17716

99 46935

102 50772

104 80097

107 66719

109 33014

iii 68070

114 14605

115 63627

117.52817

120.22288

122.57329

125.15305

126.87301

129.16646

132.43471

136.73510

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41826e-3

03742e-3

29459e-3

82902e-3

30256e-4

69220e-4

57126e-3

68616e-3

83717e-3

07651e-2

28797e-2

57174e-2

76693e-2

09810

79621

92445

89879

03997

86976

87224

30688

19391

02796

88841

-2 O0011e-2

-2.22063e-2-2.36347e-2

-2.56423e-2

-2.67462e-2

-2.79948e-2

-2.91892e-2

-3.10886e-2

-3.23734e-2

-3.29175e-2

-3.29374e-2

4--

305

TEM_, F

Z2 75LC'i

77 56862

81 92627

88 O0311

90 _8466

96 72131

_03 834_

_iO 37514

1,16 80017

121 61878

128 10137

134 87080

141 92730

149 27224

156 04447

162 81807

167 06600

173 03620

176 88294

181 93507

187 38903

193.70322

200.53318

206.21423

212.52554

221 18834

227 84292

234 61250

241 15256

245 85677

251 13612

251 59800

LE-I:L:Ex_. %

-9 13475e-

9 i8873e-

2 68806e-

5 84789e-

7 05744e-

7 21820e-

7 25205e-

7 15961e-

7 35629e-

7 _2575e-

7 67787e-

7 72990e-

7 61923e-

6 31602e-

4 290316-

1 23476e-

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-8 618046-

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5

4

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3

3

3

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3

3

3

3

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33

3

2

2

2

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2

2

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-1.935416-2

-2.15404e-2

306

909499

[05[12120130137144151157167174

180

186

193

2OO

210

219

225

232

239

245

25O

CTE-32. _E-IO2

TEMP, : EX

74 88294

79 02058

85 51978

12353

37193

£2_24

55369

43988

81838

05714

45917

68333

32917

97295

07678

34388

52301

93361

46214

62600

14949

15921

53612

14243

20611

74824

56816

P. %

-2 2_846e-4

6 73826e- 4

2 89392e-3

4 84460e- 3

5 14740e-3

4 32655e-3

3 95653e-3

3 98444e-3

4 06489e-3

4 07185e-3

4 00857e-3

3 09418e-3

1 51029e-3

-3 81522e-4

-3 38122e-3

-6 45115e-3

-9 17562e-3

-i 16105e-2

-i 35746e-2

-i 49237e-2

-i 52431e-2

-i 51634e-2

-i 40662e-2

-I 29874e-2

-I 21627e-2

-i 20981e-2

-I 21402e-2

307

£TE-33.

TEMP, F

72 48621

77 13782

83 74196

88 22128

92 47090

96 89280

103 43951

ii0 27335

116 53292

121 18453

[27 96094

133 07197

140 19295

144 55742

151 62098

158 16768

165 00153

171 89280

178 09494

183 20597

189 35068

196 06967

203 30551

209 62251

214 67611

221.10796

227.71209

234.85507

241.15007

245.74425

250.56814

_E-302:

Exo, %

l 33400e-6

4 68933e-4

2 79821e-3

4 74889e-3

5 52417e-3

4 72593e-3

4 23395e-3

4 30244e-3

4 46169e-3

4 47715e-3

4 49143e-3

4 30770e-3

3 50794e-3

2 58314e-3

6 44047e-4

-i 60220e-3

-4 37309e-3

-7 16209e-3

-I 00230e-2

-1.20514e-2

-1.39538e-2

-1.53683e-2

-1.58787e-2

-1.59546e-2

-1.55958e-2

-1.42430e-2

-1.27456e-2

-1.13028e-2

-1.06915e-2

-1.06036e-2

-1.05702e-2

308

75 ,05274

79 5875£

85 99210

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105 98946

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132 85553

140 08176

144 71805

151 63361

158 53897

167 54772

174 15123

180 98325

189 76146

196 27467

203 37595

212 61289

219 27958

225 79078

234 55035

241 57763

246 34941

250 48218

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3

3

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3

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2 '06210e-4

i 26753e-4

1 73786e-3

3 55324e-3

3 97712e-3

3 31460e-3

3 22625e-3

3 28224e-3

75496e-3

84682e-3

7@421e-3

57794e-3

95213e-3

47118e-3

52060e-4

62887e-3

44680e-3

31951e-3

24500e-2

39661e-2

47244e-248190e-2

42746e-2

28441e-2

08586e-2

44749e-3

97090e-3

90855e-3

309

rEMP, F

72 84782

77 61201

81 75192

86 06782

90 32544

'34 28694

98 93226

i05 q3409

112 36291

118 79338

126 02674

132 62834

142 15595

149 096Q8

155 74752

162 62347

169 72532

176 25301

182 66465

189 53554

196 40983

203 23101

210 11435

218 95358

225 55459

232 10365

238 82393

245 88587

252 42998

LE- 3921

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4 30i25e-5

1 30972e-3

3 36827e-3

5 263_6e-3

5 45831e-3

4 72858e-3

4 59341e-3

4 6IeQ6e-3

4 _g426e-3

5 22087e-3

5 37583e-3

5 29192e-3

4 52321e-3

3 I0314e-3

9 04370e-4

I 98259e-3

4 90508e-3

8 06276e-3

1 12391e-2

I 37094e-2

1 54193e-2

I 62423e-2

i 62529e-2

I 62066e-2

1 51464e-2

1 42675e-2

i 38958e-2

I 37589e-2

310b

_EMC, F

73 =3289

75 37284

77 49242

_0 47237

83 16620

85 74562

89 84092

91 82i74

94 80270

97 72580

I01 50889

i05 62949

105 65555

108 04518

llO 96657

115 37436

I15 89701

i18 41907

121 68651

125 41512

127 99504

150 97328

135 72504

136 53264

139 62722

143 63814

146 56095

149 54075

153 15136

156 47535

159 05454

161 80567

166 58946

169 94243

172 86502

174 29840

176 47700

179.91606

183.69858

186.96572

189.83161

193.04126

196.82400

200.95027

204.33190

207.88631

210.92397

213.84765

216.94360

222.39050

226.57659

230.30378

233.62871

238.04370

241.36855

244.52236

248.13290

024

E×m. %

1.45423e-3

2.242_6e-3

2.96102e-3

4.23695e-3

5.4_512e-5

6.75345e-3

8 26541e-3

9 75549e-3

l 12835e-2

i 26496e-2

i 44831e-2

i 54557e-2

i 65883e-2

i 76108e-2

I 90489e-2

2 05074e-2

2 16738e-2

2 28962@-2

2 45521e-2

2 65458e-2

2 79302e-2

2 92781e-2

3 07164e-2

5 18124e-2

5 51422e-2

5 47233e-2

5 60173e-2

3 72571e-2

3.88747e-2

4 03484e-2

4 14986e-2

4 28288e-2

4 46074e-2

4 61169e-2

4 73569e-2

4.81480e-2

4.93167e-2

5.09524e-2

5.26418e-2

5.42056e-2

5.55717e-2

5.70635e-2

5.88070e-2

6.06221e-2

6.22039e-2

6.40736e-2

6.54756e-2

6.69857e-2

6.86578e-2

7.16786e-2

7.41422e-2

7.63000e-2

7.80079e-2

8.04893e-2

8.21791e-2

8.40133e-2

8.56128e-2 311

STE-37. _E-Z

TErnS. F

74 70765

76 596i7

7_ 22586

82 08289

84 65470

,_6 95877

90 53641

94 87214

98 12554

i01 09326

104 00541

106 57239

108 91272

Ill 88044

114 56153

116 89982

121 69530

124 49194

L26 89151

129 74533

131 80044

134 54173

136 59706

139 50875

142 13545

144 30515

146 47623

149 79003

152 13335

155 67726

158 01804

163 16144

166 58961

171 10147

173 55823

176 75767

179 89878

183 15654

185 27113

188 58493

192.63980

196 75093

200 51852

203 77123

209 08042

214 84317

218 78023

222 77309

225 22663

227 96356

231 78602

234 06825

236.17663

237.54256

239.82479

242.78883

244.89951

247.63736

EXP, %

5 82031e-4

i 05267e-3

l 93877e-3

3 00541e-3

3 92V%le-3

4 90343e-5

e 42158e-3

7 55_73e-3

8 58959e-3

i 00893e-2

i 14806e-2

1 27277e-2

1 40284e-2

1 50946e-2

i 64859e-2

1 78589e-2

i 90693e-2

2 12017e-2

2 25027e-2

2 34246e-2

2 47437e-2

2 56653e-2

2 68039e-2

2 77075e-2

2 89906e-2

30lllle-2

3 I0508e-2

3 18824e-2

3 31478e-2

3 39796e-2

3 52091e-2

3 62392e-2

3.81014e-2

3.94030e-2

4.12647e-2

4.220478-2

4.343408-2

4.47353e-2

4.58925e-2

4.66518e-2

4.79173e-2

4.95981e-2

5.13692e-2

5.30679e-2

5.46217e-2

5.69890e-2

5.98076e-2

6.17227e-2

6.37642e-2

6.49567e-2

6.64379e-2

6.83350e-2

6.94551e-2

7.07014e-2

7.16403e-2

7.27605e-2

7.44403e-2

7.55063e-2

7.69154e-2

312

252._035

313

-_E-_

TEMP, F

74 54082

75 84587

79 L5275

81 59286

85 82897

:B_ 42884

88 96955

90 87820

94 67£5

97 34358

LO0 23036

[02 83083105 25750

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112 08017

114 73918

116 76308

118 73087

122 48386

125 02853

127 74486

130 28466

133 22846

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138 59894

[41 48754

145 64270

147 72089

150 43418

154 06798

156 72183

159 95315

162 43533

164 45528

168 49034

172.06378

175 52348

177 25500

180 02349

182 21451

184 35093

185 73700

187 98655

190 i1994

191 96732

194 33394

196.52556

198.77572

202.17962

204.08584

206 96989

209 62737

211 88239

215 00392

217 49035

219 74445

222 80563

227 08515

229 33774

231 93365

= =-3C'::

3 45¢28e-4

[ Oe523e-3

I _9349e-3

2 95671e-3

3 85777e-3

5 06575e-3

6 16519e-3

7 1753qe-3

8 45437e-3

9 86036e-3

l 10858e-2

1 23300e-2

I 34659e-2

1 52332e-2

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i 82635e-2

1 93097e-2

2 04284e-2

2 20324e-2

2 33673e-2

2 46837e-2

2 57288e-2

2 69361e-2

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2 92792e-23 06134e-2

3 22709e-2

3 31358e-2

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4 21946e-2

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4.58679e-2

4.67871e-2

4.73999e-2

4.82283e-2

4.89664e-2

4.97413e-2

5.07143e-2

5.15066e-2

5.23712e-25.36681e-2

5.45334e-2

5.55959e-2

5.68219e-2

5.79762e-2

5.95272e-2

6.08079e-2

6.19079e-2

6.32779e-2

6.55147e-2

6.65242e-2

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314

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315

73.33626

75.39679

76.88483

78.77355

80.5180!

82.20626

84.43731

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98.55608

90.84434

92.3£873

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99 59563

102 91298

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126 47795

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152 59837

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137 57465

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141 63580

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145 46821

148 95742

150 84529

153.47685

155.47907

157.82441

161.25699

163.14500

166.52043

168 23665

171 09715

173 95764

176 93272

179 44966

182 99657

185 68527

189.11756

191 46279

194 15124

197 41170

199 75667

201 81600

203 58904

206 16309

210 33868

213.19849

216.28683

218.23122

220.80484

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5 2807,3e-3

5 99457e-3

6 77069e-3

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1 i0299e-2

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1 33580e-2

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2 09743e-2

2 24001e-2

2 33566e-2

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2 93302e-2

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3 10628e-2

3 26329e-2

3 33547e-2

3 43652e-2

3 51592e-2

3.61517e-2

3.74148e-2

3.80644e-2

3.92733e-2

3 99410e-2

4 09875e-2

4 20341e-2

4 30445e-2

4 41092e-2

4 54626e-2

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4.89815e-2

5.01726e-2

5.16164e-2

5.27895e-2

5.36557e-2

5.45401e-2

5.56771e-2

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316

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78 16558

80 21870

82 26829

84 55573

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93 08390

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97 90814

101 15318

103 26997

105 50525

107.63531

110.22692

112.58510

115.05912

116.65158

121.77467

124.61564

128.75870

132.97936

138 21475

141 84441

144 54477

147 12577

151 52027

154 92180

159 08199

162 36681

165 64809

169 62524

173 85174

176 97034

180.08806

183.37642

185.84247

189.48097

191.94968

194.65181

197.30797

201.48231

205.01915

207.60456

211.30408

214.25292

218.13901

221.79521

226.17293

229.58951

232.88141

235.81432

240.55011

243.70584

247.20020

250.33823

252.48595

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L 9837Le-4

7 13113e-4

i 26121e-3

2 0995_e-3

2 86582e-3

3 79331e-3

4 50786e-3

5 6154_e-3

6 56293e-3

7 72278e-3

8 81209e-3

9 97357e-3

1 16724e-2

1 26368e-2

1 36728e-2

1 49078e-2

1 61767e-2

1 73746e-2

i 85899e-2

i 94124e-2

2 18964e-2

2 35611e-2

2 55806e-2

2 76537e-2

3 00830e-2

3.14192e-2

3.25613e-2

3.36137e-2

3.53071e-23.66805e-2

3 82848e-2

3 96226e-2

4 08882e-2

4 22769e-2

4 40614e-2

4 55263e-2

4 69731e-2

4.83831e-2

4.94361e-2

5.09526e-2

5.20597e-2

5.32379e-2

5.46508e-2

5.65438e-2

5.83315e-2

5.94742e-2

6.10626e-2

6.25825e-2

6.44588e-2

6.63362e-2

6.88597e-2

7.05398e-2

7.20219e-2

7.32170e-2

7.48367e-2

7.58864e-2

7.68081e-2

7.74970e-2

7.79199e-2

318

q_g7

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T'E-4L, '_E-ZC, Z _

TEMP,

74.5L046

76.56776

78.67942

81.18975

82.07010

95.12i00

86.60161

89 59229

9 .15752

06226

42056

88893

75676

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48870

61436

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94060

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ExP. %

1 9_882e-4

5 6014ie-4

l 12232e-3

1 84755e-3

2 48155e-3

3 35137e-3

3 _6729e-3

5 1085_e-3

5 85130e-3

7 02885e-3

8 53221e-3

1 03430e-2

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1 42906e-2

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1 80932e-2

2.07730e-2

2.19500e-2

2.40867e-2

2.57165e-2

2.70933e-2

2.89408e-2

3.04989e-2

3.20205e-2

3.36508e-2

3.54441e-2

3 75637e-2

3 89770e-2

4 06622e-2

4 17496e-2

4 31991e-2

4 43404e-2

4 61165e-2

4 68588e-2

4 80181e-2

4 94312e-2

5 16051e-2

5.33620e-2

5.51006e-2

5.72561e-2

5.87777e-2

6.05346e-2

6.27984e-2

6.43924e-2

6.55698e-2

6.68020e-2

6.73463e-2

6.78183e-2

6.81471e-2

6.82229e-2

6.82804e-2

6.81020e-2

319

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TEMP, =74 9542 _

76 _5029

78 70812

81 79091

86 01317

89 71886

93 15727

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106 86656

112 27459

116 19847

122 23582

126 507O1

132 31886

138 07244

141 83260

145 93481

151 06725

154 25870

158 13746

164 12238

170.10935

175 24061

177 86335

183 10795

189 49261

193 93891

198 55623

202 94455

208 12650

211 53994

215 81142

219 62547

223.15780

227.09337

230.80169

234.85994

240.01195

244.83097

248.50498

_E-l} ZO

E x P, %-3 45040e -=

3 30029e-4

8 58221e-4

i 89553e-3

3 46023e-3

5 02446e-3

6 6065_e-3

8 4979qe-i

i 03167e-2

1 30440e-2

1 58259e-2

i 80982e-2

2 10076e-2

2 30987e-2

2 57538e-2

2 84634e-2

3 02092e-2

3 21005e-2

3 41742e-2

3 55927e-2

3 71027e-2

3.97035e-2

4 21773e-2

4 43236e-2

4 54150e-2

4 76522e-2

5 03804e-2

5 22902e-2

5 42727e-2

5 62187e-2

5 87825e-2

6 06732e-2

6.27461e-2

6.47098e-2

6.63464e-2

6.78927e-2

6.92936e-2

7.03500e-2

7.12076e-2

7.13571e-2

7.13240e-2

320

73

76

,78

79

82

85

86

88

90

9497

99

102

t06

llO114

li7

119

121

124

127

132

135

138

143

147

152

;rE-43. .E-!C5

TEMP. = E×

858£_ 1

09509 5

33241 1

82413 1

98012 2

16045 3

76705 3

71818 4

44007 5

11297 7

78653 9

91030 l

14918 1

74126 1

58687

08852

07346

25453

72212

47725

63376

51177

66859

82486

30190

26182

77057

156.67287

160.97654

164.53441

167.11700

171.36326

175.49492

179.85608

183.47129

187.54575

190.30018

194.71911

198.50695

202.12291

205.50876

209.69877

213.19984

215.89744

218.76720

221.69437

224.56409

227.26132

229.90089

233.74534

236.61405

241.48992

244.47214

248.71565

i

840o9e-4

23937e-4

06212e-3

51[06e-3

661i4e-3

37969e-3

91864e-3

70959e-3

5548_e-3

13706e-3

04375e-3

01409e-2

14544e-2

39009e-2

i 58254e-2

1 77863e-2

1 94234e-2

2 05026e-2

2 14912e-2

2 28942e-2

2 43147e-2

2 63822e-2

2 79470e-2

2 92413e-2

3 15076e-2

3 32517e-2

3 53184e-2

3 69183e-2

3 85178e-2

3 99198e-2

4.10706e-2

4.26340e-2

4.42336e-2

4.59051e-2

4.73071e-2

4.89789e-2

5.00393e-2

5.19271e-2

5.36353e-2

5.54159e-2

5.68181e-2

5.89225e-2

6.05950e-2

6.19079e-2

6.32927e-2

6.47135e-2

6.60803e-2

6.72129e-2

6.81833e-2

6.95309e-2

7.03928e-2

7.13966e-2

7.16815e-2

7.18747e-2

" 321

Documents

REPORT FMI-EMTL-W/A NO. 3078 FINAL REPORT ... - … · emtl-final report no. 1491 fmi-emtl-w/a no. 3078 final report humidity effects on soi_uble core mechanical and thermal properties