« EMR and energy management of a Hybrid ESS of an … · « EMR and energy management of a Hybrid ESS of an Electric Vehicle ... ENERGY MANAGEMENT definition; • For battery lifetime

EMR’14CoimbraJune 2014

Summer School EMR’14“Energetic Macroscopic Representation”

« EMR and energy management of a Hybrid ESS of an Electric Vehicle »

Dr. J. Trovão, F. Machado, Prof. A. Bouscayrol, Dr. W. Lhomme (INESC Coimbra, IPC/ISEC, Portugal

L2EP, Université Lille1, France,)

http://www.emrwebsite.org/

EMR’14, Coimbra, June 20142

« EMR and IBC of an Electric Vehicle »

- Introduction -

« EMR AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF A HYBRID ESS OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE »

http://www.plugincars.com/

– ELECTRIC VEHICLES :

• the key components toSUSTAINABLE MOBILITY !

– BARRIERS…

– ENERGY STORAGE…

» 100 years old problem!

– BATTERIES (best suitable energy storage forvehicles):

» expensive, heavy, bulky, low specific energyand/or power, and limited cycles-life;

POSSIBLE SOLUTION : HYBRIDIZATION USING SCSOBJECTIVE :

• A STRUCTURING method for ENERGY MANAGEMENT definition;

• For battery lifetime improvement.

Electric Vehicles is a key components to SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY !



- Outline -


1. Power System Description

2. Modelling and Control of the System Using EMR

3. Management Strategy Definition

4. Simulation Results (using ECE 15 Driving Cycle)

5. Conclusions



« Power System Description »



- L2EP Electric Vehicle: Tazzari Zero EV -


– Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEV)

– Vehicle mass (tare): 407.60 kg

– Motor power: 15 kW ;

– Lithium-ion: 24 x 5.6 = 134.4 kg

– Driving Range: 140 km

– Maximum speed: 85 km/h;

– Maximum Aceleration: 0-50 km/h < 5 s;

– DC bus Voltage: 80 V.

Tazzari Zero characteristics

ubat i im2

1 2 3

Tim

Ωgear i im1

i ts





– CURRENT TOPOLOGY CONFIGURATION :• Li-ion Batteries fed directly the traction system;

• No control on the DC bus voltage;

• The batteries voltage decrease

⇒ the powertrain current increase!

ubat i im2

1 2 3

Tim

Ωgear i im1

its





– NEW TOPOLOGY CONFIGURATION :• Active parallel topology with Batteries and Supercapacitors;

• A DC/DC converter per source is used;

• The input voltage of these converter can be different and the output can beadjustable to a shared DC bus supplying the traction system.

• NiMH Batteries• 5.8 kW; 13 A.h• Total Weight: 48 kg

• Suparcapacitors• 48 kW; 125 F• Total Weight: 35.6 kg



« Main Objective… »



- Energy Management Structure -


EV Management Layer

EV Control Layer

HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF THE EMS.

vSC

iSC

SC

ibat

vbat

bat

SC Bat.



« Modelling and Control of the System Using EMR »



- EMR of the Hybrid ESS EV -






or





– Modelling the Environment;

– Modelling the Chassis;

– Modelling the Gearbox;

– Modelling the Electric motor and its controller;

– Modelling the Parallel coupling;

– Modelling the DC bus.



- Tuning path -

Objectives: control the EV velocity and DC bus voltage

Tuning variable: modulation ratio of the DC/DC converters and motor torque reference

– POWERTRAIN CONTROL :

– FEEDING SYSTEM CONTROL:




- Maximum Control Structure -

Maximum Control Structure : • inversion of each element step-by-step (4 controllers and 1 strategy algorithm)


KD=f(Pdem, SoCbat, SoCsc, Vbat, Vsc)

0 100 200 300 400 500 6000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Vel

ocid

ade

[km

/h]

v(t)

– Driving Cycle profile;



« Management Strategy Definition »



- Strategy Definition -


REMEMBER:OBJECTIVE ⇒⇒⇒⇒ HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE .





Original EMR.

Equivalent EMR for EMS definition.





A. STRATEGY LEVEL.





B. DECISION LEVEL.

DECISION Linear Programing

One-dimensional Problem

Two-dimensionalProblem

KD





B. DECISION LEVEL.

vSC

iSC

SC

ibat

vbat

bat

SC Bat.

STRATEGY LEVEL



« Simulation Results »



- Simulation Results -


DECISION LEVEL.

STRATEGY LEVEL.

EMS.



- Simulation Results -


24

0 50 100 150 2000

50

Spe

ed [k

m/h]

ref.

Tazzari

0 50 100 150 200-505

1015

Pow

er [k

W]

Pdem

PBat

PSC

0 50 100 150 20060

80

100

Voltage

[V]

VdcLink-ref

VdcLink

0 50 100 150 2000

50

100

I Bat [A

]

Ibat-ref

Ibat

0 50 100 150 200-200

0

200

I SC [A

]

ISC-ref

ISC

0 50 100 150 200

50

100

SoC

[%]

Time [s]

SoCbat

SoCSC



« Conclusions »



- Conclusions -


• The new hybrid power system is addressed.

• EMR and its control is developed and presented.

• Management Strategy is structured based on EMR.

• Management Strategy: strategic level + decision level:

– to determine the best power sharing solution under strategi corientations.

• The results demonstrate that the EMS may be used effectively .

The approach fulfills the main objectives of hybridization:

– Reducing the battery requirements ;– Controlling the SCs to support power peaks/store regenerat ive

energy .

As main results:– Batteries’ lifetime improvement;– More power for accelerations/better usage of regenerative energy.

Documents

« EMR and energy management of a Hybrid ESS of an … · « EMR and energy management of a Hybrid ESS of an Electric Vehicle ... ENERGY MANAGEMENT definition; • For battery lifetime