Employment and Earnings · 2018. 11. 7. · B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing 114 B-16. Average

EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS

US Department of LaborBureau of Labor StatisticsAuqust 1996

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABORRobert B. Reich, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSKatharine G. Abraham, Commissioner

E&E—Employment and Earnings (ISSN 0013-6840), isprepared in the Office of Employment and UnemploymentStatistics in collaboration with the Office of Publicationsand Special Studies The data are collected by the Bureauof the Census (Department of Commerce) and Stateemployment security agencies, in cooperation with theBureau of Labor Statistics. A brief description of thecooperative statistical programs of the BLS with theseagencies is presented in the Explanatory Notes and Estimatesof Error. The State agencies are listed on the inside backcover.

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Material in this publication is in the public domain and, withappropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission.

August 1996Vol. 43 No. 8

Calendar of Features

In addition to the monthly data appearing regularlyin Employment and Earnings, special features appearm most of the issues as shown below.

Household data

Annual averages

Union affiliation

Earnings by detailed occupation

Employee absences

Revised seasonally adjusted series

Quarterly averages. Seasonally adjusted data,persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era veteransand nonveterans, and weekly earnings data

Establishment data

National annual averages.

industry divisions (preliminary)

industry detail

Women employees

National data revised to reflect new benchmarksand new seasonal adjustment factors

Revised historical national data

State and area annual revisions

State and area annual averages

Area definitions

State and area labor force data

Annual revisions

Annual averages

' A new bulletin is forthcoming.

Jan

Jan.

Jan

Jan.

Jan.

Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Jan.

March, June

March, June

June

Bulletin'

March

May

May

March

May


Employment and EarningsEditors: Gloria Peterson Green, Eugene H. Becker

Contents

Statistical tables

Page

List of statistical tables iiContents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error ivEmployment and unemployment developments, July 1996 1Summary tables and charts 3Explanatory notes and estimates of error 135Index to statistical tables 172

Source Historical Seasonallyadjusted

Notseasonallyadjusted

Household data

Establishment data:Employment:

NationalStateArea

Hours and earnings:NationalState and area

Local area labor force data:RegionStateArea

17

41

42

4550

58

121123

627575

94117

128128


Monthly Household Data

Page

Historical

A-i. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1962 to date 6A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1985 to date 7

Seasonally Adjusted Data

Employment Status

A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age 8A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin 9

A-5. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age 11

Characteristics of the Employed

A-6. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status 12

A-7. Employed persons by age and sex 13

Characteristics of the Unemployed

A-8. Unemployed persons by age and sex 13A-9. Unemployment rates by age and sex 14

A-10. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics 15A-ll. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment 16A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment 16

Not Seasonally Adjusted DataEmployment Status

A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race 17A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age 20A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age

by school enrollment, educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin 21A-16. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race 23

Characteristics of the Employed

A-17. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age 24A-18. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex 25A-19. Employed persons by industry and occupation _ 26A-20. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker 27A-21. Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work 28A-22. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less

than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status 28A-23. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status 29A-24. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status.. 30A-25. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status 31

Characteristics of the Unemployed

A-26. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex 32A-27. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex 33A-28. Unemployed persons by industry and sex 34A-29. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race 35A-30. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment 36A-31. Unemployed persons, total and full-time workers, by duration of unemployment 36A-32. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment 37A-33. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment 38

Persons Not in the Labor Force

A-34. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex 38

Multiple Jobholders

A-35. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics 39

Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans

A-36. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age 39


Monthly Establishment Data

Page

Historical

B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1946 to date 41B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by

major industry, 1964 to date 42

Seasonally Adjusted Data

Employment

National

B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups 45B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group 47B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major

industry and manufacturing group 48

B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change 49

States

B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry 50

Hours and Earnings

National

B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls bymajor industry and manufacturing group 58

B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workerson private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group 59

B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry 60B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on

private nonfarm payrolls by major industry 61

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data

Employment

National

B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry 62

B-l3. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group 74

States and Areas

B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry 75

Hours and Earnings

NationalB-l5. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by

detailed industry 94B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles

(SIC 3761) manufacturing 114B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls 115B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm

payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars 116States and Areas

B-l8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas .... 117

Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force DataSeasonally Adjusted Data

C-l. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions 121C-2. Labor force status by State 123

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data

C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas 128


Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Page Page

Introduction 135Relation between the household and establishment series 135

Comparability of household data with other series 136Comparability of payroll employment data with

other series 136

Household data 137Collection and coverage 137Concepts and definitions 137Historical comparability 140

Changes in concepts and methods 140Noncomparability of labor force levels 141Changes in the occupational and industrial

classification systems 143Sampling 143

Selection of sample areas 144Selection of sample households 144Rotation of sample 145CPS sample, 1947 to present 145

Estimating methods 146Noninterview adjustment 146Ratio estimates 146

First stage 146Second stage 146

Composite estimation procedure 146Rounding of estimates 147Reliability of the estimates 147

Nonsampling error 147Sampling error (Revised effective Jan. 1996) 147

Tables 1-B through 1-H 148

Establishment data 155Collection 155Concepts 155

Establishment data—ContinuedEstimating methods 158

Benchmarks 158Monthly estimation 158

Stratification 158Link relative technique 158Bias adjustment 158Summary of methods table 159

The sample 160Design .' 160Coverage 161Reliability 161

Measures of error tables 161Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error 161Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,

and earnings 162Standard errors for differences between industriesand times 162

Noneconomic code changes 162Revisions between preliminary and final data 165

Statistics for States and areas 165

Region, State, and area labor force data 168Federal-State cooperative program 168Estimating methods 168

Estimates for States 168Current monthly estimates 168Benchmark correction procedures 168

Estimates for sub-State areas 169Preliminary estimate:

Employment 169Unemployment 169

Sub-State adjustment for additivity 169Benchmark correction 169

Seasonal adjustment 170

IV


Employment and UnemploymentDevelopments, July 1996

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in July, and theunemployment rate was essentially unchanged at 5.4 percent.The number of payroll jobs rose by 193,000 over the month,led by a gain in the retail trade industry. Average hourlyearnings declined 2 cents in July, following a sharp rise inthe prior month.

UnemploymentThe number of unemployed persons totaled 7.3 million in

July, and the unemployment rate was 5.4 percent. July job-less rates for the major worker groups—adult men (4.7 per-cent), adult women (4.9 percent), teenagers (16.4 percent),whites (4.7 percent), blacks (10.5 percent), and Hispanics(9.0 percent)—showed little change from the prior month,(See tables A-3 and A-4.)

Both the number of persons unemployed for less than 5weeks and the number of unemployed new entrants (personswith no work experience who had been out of the labor forceprior to beginning their job search) rose in July. (See tablesA-11 and A-12.)

Total employment and the labor forceTotal employment, at 126.9 million, continued to trend

upward in July, and has risen by 1.9 million so far in 1996.In contrast, it grew by only about 400,000 during all of 1995.The proportion of the population 16 years and over with jobs(the employment-population ratio) was unchanged over themonth at 63.2 percent. (See table A-3.)

The number of persons who held two or more jobs was 7.6million (not seasonally adjusted) in July. These multiple job-holders made up 5.9 percent of all employed persons. (Seetable A-35.)

The civilian labor force increased by 512,000 in July to134.2 million, seasonally adjusted. Labor force growth hastotaled 1.8 million thus far in 1996, about three times thelevel of growth for all of 1995. Reflecting this stronger laborforce growth, the labor force participation rate was 66.9 per-cent in July, 0.6 percentage point higher than the rate at theend of 1995. (See table A-3.)

Persons not in the labor forceAbout 1.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were

marginally attached to the labor force in July—that is, theywanted and were available for work but had stopped lookingfor jobs sometime in the prior 12 months. Of this total, those

who were no longer looking specifically because they be-lieved that no jobs were available for them—discouragedworkers—numbered 423,000. (See table A-34.)

Industry payroll employmentNonfarm payroll employment rose by 193,000 in July to

119.7 million, after seasonal adjustment. July's increasewas somewhat below the average monthly gain in the sec-ond quarter (273,000). Retail trade employment continuedits robust growth trend of recent months; the constructionand finance industries experienced strong gains as well.Manufacturing employment declined over the month. (Seetable B-3.)

Employment in retail trade rose by 89,000 in July, mark-ing the fourth consecutive month of very large gains. Al-most half of the July increase was in eating and drinkingplaces, which has added 79,000 jobs in the past 2 months.Food stores, auto dealers and service stations, and furnitureand home furnishings stores also experienced substantialgrowth in July. Wholesale trade continued to show modestgrowth (12,000), mostly in the nondurable goods distribu-tion component.

Construction employment increased by 25,000 in July;the industry has added 208,000 jobs since the beginning of1996, Strong job growth among contractors in specialtrades, such as carpentry and electrical work, continued overthe month. Within finance, insurance, and real estate, jobgains were widespread in finance, while employment in realestate continued its pace of moderate growth.

Job growth in services was uncharacteristically sluggishin July. This weakness reflected declines in social services,hotels, educational services, hospitals, and home health careservices. Business services employment increased by 35,000,over half of which was in the help supply component.

Employment in transportation and public utilities wasabout unchanged in July; growth in communications, airtransportation, and local transit slightly offset declines intrucking and public utilities. Government employment grewmoderately in July. At both the State and local level, em-ployment rose in education, after seasonal adjustment, butthese increases were partly offset by declines in thenoneducation components. Federal Government employ-ment continued to trend downward.

Manufacturing employment fell by 20,000 in July, withsmall losses spread among both the durable and nondu

1


rable goods industries. Within durable goods, the largestdecline was in primary metals. Fabricated metals and air-craft and parts, by contrast, posted strong gains. Employ-ment in electronic equipment, which had shown little move-ment in the past 4 months, rose in July. Within nondurablegoods, nearly all major industry groups experienced smalldeclines over the month. Employment in nondurables hasfallen by 321,000 over the past 19 months, half of whichwas in textiles and apparel.

Weekly hoursThe average workweek for production or nonsupervisory

workers on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.4 hour in Julyto 34.3 hours, seasonally adjusted. This decline nearly re-versed June's large increase. The manufacturing workweekdeclined by 0.3 hour to 41.6 hours, and factory overtime edgeddown by 0.2 hour to 4.4 hours. Both measures had experi-

enced substantial gains during the first half of the year. (Seetable B-8.)

The workweek decline caused the index of aggregateweekly hours of private production or nonsupervisory work-ers on nonfarm payrolls to decline by 1.2 percent, on a sea-sonally adjusted basis, to 136.1 (1982=100) in July. Themanufacturing index edged down by 0.7 percent to 105.9,(See table B-9.)

Hourly and weekly earningsAverage hourly earnings of private production or

nonsupervisory workers declined 2 cents in July to $11.80,seasonally adjusted, following a gain of 9 cents in the previ-ous month. Average weekly earnings decreased by 1.3 per-cent to $404.74. Over the past year, average hourly earn-ings increased by 2.9 percent and average weekly earningsrose by 2.3 percent. (See table B-ll.)

Publication Suspended for Selected Establishment-Based Earnings Series

Effective with the July 1996 issue of Employment and Earnings, BLS suspended publication of itsaverage hourly and weekly earnings series (table B-15) for March 1995 forward for the following manu-facturing industries.

1987Industry SIC

Code

Engines and turbinesTurbines and turbine generator setsHousehold appliancesHousehold refrigerators and freezersAircraft and partsAircraft engines and engine parts

351351136336323723724

BLS discovered that data for some establishments in these industries were not used in the estimates forseveral months in 1995 due to problems associated with the conversion to the Electronic Data Interchange(EDI) reporting system.

These series will be recalculated from March 1995 forward to incorporate the omitted data and publishedin Employment and Earnings. We estimate that the recalculations will be completed by the end of 1996.

Scheduled Release Dates

Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on thefollowing dates:

Reference month

August

September

October

Release date

September 6

October 4

November 1

Reference month

November

December

January

Release date

December 6

January 10

February 7


Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category1995

July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

1996

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May July

Civilian noninstitutional populationCivilian labor force

Percent of populationEmployed

Percent of populationUnemployed

Not in labor force

All workersMen, 20 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 yearsWhiteBlackHispanic origin

Labor force status

198,615

132,342

66.6

124,832

62.9

7,510

66,273

198,801

132,298

66.5

124,859

62.8

7,439

66,503

199,005

132,501

66.6

125,036

62.8

7,465

66,504

199,192

132,473

66.5

125,244

62.9

7,229

66,719

199,355

132,471

66.4

125,062

62.7

7,409

66,884

199,508

132,352

66.3

124,981

62.6

7,371

67,156

199,634

132,903

66.6

125,226

62.7

7,677

66,730

199,773

133,018

66.6

125,663

62.9

7,355

66,754

199,921

133.655

66.9

126,151

63.1

7,504

66,266

200,101

133,361

66.6

126,095

63.0

7,266

66,741

200,278

133,910

66.9

126,462

63.1

7,448

66,368

200,459

133.669

66.7

126,610

63.2

7,060

66.790

200,641

134,181

66.9

126,884

63.2

7,297

66,460

Unemployment rates

5.7

4.8

5.0

17.8

4.9

10.8

9.0

5.64.84.9

17.6

4.811.0

9.6

5.64.84.9

17.7

4.911.1

9.1

5.54.55.0

17.1

4.810.0

9.3

5.64.94.8

17.8

5.09.69.3

5.64.84.7

18.0

4.910.2

9.3

5.84.95.1

18.2

5.010.6

9.2

5.54.94.8

16.6

4.910.3

9.7

5.65.04.8

17.5

4.811.1

10.0

5.44.84.7

16.7

4.710.5

9.7

5.64.85.0

16.4

4.910.2

9.2

5.34.64.6

15.9

4.610.1

8.8

5.4

4.7

4.9

16.4

4.7

10.5

9.0

Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,seasonally adjusted


IndustryJuly Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June? July?

Employment

TotalTotal private

Goods-producing industriesMiningConstructionManufacturing

Service-producing industriesTransportation and public utilities ...Wholesale tradeRetail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServicesGovernment

TotalTotal private

Goods-producing industriesMiningConstructionManufacturing

Service-producing industriesTransportation and public utilities ...Wholesale tradeRetail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServicesGovernment

Total privateManufacturing ..

Overtime

Total privateManufacturing ....

Average hourly earnings, total private:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars2

Average weekly earnings, total private .

117,20197,88124,171

5785,146

18,44793,030

6,1606,427

21,1966,821

33,10619,320

10182

-41-27

-46142

81917116819

34.541.3

4.2

133.5106.2

$11.477.41

395.72

117,49998,13024,179

5765,164

18,43993,320

6,1876,437

21,2256,833

33,26919,369

117,62398,29824,176

5745,187

18,41593,4476,1946,451

21,2586,842

33,37719,325

117,74998,41024,151

5735,200

18,37893,598

6,2126,465

21,263

33,46019,339

117,89998,56124,133

5695,211

18,35393,766

6,2336,478

21,3006,871

33,54619,338

118,13698,78924,160

5705,223

18,36793,976

6,2496,498

21,3346,887

33,66119,347

118,07098,73424,112

5695,234

18,30993,956

6.2546,512

21,2686,894

33,69419.336

118,57999,21424,254

5735,349

18,33294,3256,2706,529

21,3406,919

33,90219.365

118,73799,34324,196

5745,340

18,28294,541

6,54821,3436,932

34,03519,394

118,92899,53124,209

5735.353

18,28394,7196,2946,550

21,4226,942

34,11419.397

119.33599.87724,262

5765,384

18,30295,0736,3116.567

21,4996,964

34,27419,458

119,555100,10124,278

5745,406

18,29895,2776,3296,577

21,5856,968

34,36419,454

Over-the-month change

Hours of work1

34.4

41.5

4.3

34.4

41.54.4

34.541.4

4.3

34.4

41.5

4.3

34.3

41.2

4.2

33.8

40.0

4.1

34.5

41.4

4.3

34.541.4

4.3

34.3

41.5

4.6

34.2

41.7

4.6

34.7

41.9

4.6

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100)'

133.4106.9

134.0106.6

134.3106.2

134.3106.1

134.3105.6

131.7102.0

135.5105.9

135.5105.2

135.2105.7

135.4106.2

137.7106.6

Earnings1

$11.467.39

394.22

$11.527.42

396.29

$11.557.42

398.48

$11.597.44

398.70

$11.617.44

398.22

$11.627.41

392.76

$11.657.42

401.93

$11.687.40

402.96

$11.727.40

402.00

$11.737.38

401.17

$11.827.43

410.15

119,748100,25724,279

5705,431

18,27895,4696,3366,589

21,6746,987

34,39219,491

2982498-218-8

2902710291216349

124168-3-223-24127714339

108-44

126112-25-113

-3715118145178314

150151-18-411

-251682113371286-1

2372282711214210162034161159

-66-55-48-111

-58-18514-66733-11

5094801424

11523

3671617722520829

158129-581-9

-50216191931313329

19118813-1131

178527910793

4073465333119

3541717772216061

22022416-222-4

204181086490-4

193156

1-425

-20192

71289192837

34.341.64.4

136.1105.9

$11.80N.A.

$404.74

1 Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W)

is used to deflate these series.

N.A. = not available.p = preliminary.


Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 1992-96

Thousands120,000

118,000 -

116,000 -

108,0001992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Thousands

120,000

- 118,000

116,000

- 114,000

112,000

110,000

108,000

Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1992-96

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

5.0

4.0

NOTE: Beginning in 1994, household data reflect the introduction of a major redesign of theCurrent Population Survey questionnaire and collection methodology and are not directlycomparable with data for prior years. Moreover, beginning in 1990, these data reflect 1990census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount.


HOUSEHOLD DATAHISTORICAL

A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population 16 years and over, 1962 to date


Yearand

month

Civiliannoninsti-tutionai

population

Civilian labor force

NumberPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

NumberPercent

ofpopulation

Agriculture Nonagriculturalindustries

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Not inlaborforce

Annual averages

19621

1963 .19641965 ,1966196719681969

1970197119721

19731

197419751976197719781

1979

19801981198219831984198519861

198719881989

19902

19911992199319942

1995

1995:JulyAugustSeptemberOctober....NovemberDecember

1996:January ....February...MarchAprilMayJuneJuly

120,153122,416124,485126,513128,058129,874132,028134,335

137,085140,216144,126147,096150,120153,153156,150159,033161,910164,863

167,745170,130172,271174,215176,383178,206180,587182,753184,613186,393

189,164190,925192,805194,838196,814198,584

198,615198,801199,005199,192199,355199,508

199,634199,773199,921200,101200,278200,459200,641

70,61471,83373,09174,45575,77077,34778,73780,734

82,77184,38287,03489,42991,94993,77596,15899,009102,251104,962

106,940108,670110,204111,550113,544115,461117,834119,865121,669123,869

125,840126,346128,105129,200131,056132,304

58.858.758.758.959.259.659.660.1

60.460.260.460.861.361.261.662.363.263.7

63.863.964.064.064.464.865.365.665.966.5

66.566.266.466.366.666.6

66,70267,76269,30571,08872,89574,37275,92077,902

78,67879,36782,15385,06486,79485,84688,75292,01796,04898,824

99,303100,39799,526100,834105,005107,150109,597112,440114,968117,342

118,793117,718118,492120,259123,060124,900

55.555.455.756.256.957.357.558.0

57.456.657.057.857.856.156.857.959.359.9

59.259.057.857.959.560.160.761.562.363.0

62.861.761.561.762.562.9

4,9444,6874,5234,3613,9793,8443,8173,606

3,4633,3943,4843,4703,5153,4083,3313,2833,3873,347

3,3643,3683,4013,3833,3213,1793,1633,2083,1693,199

3,2233,2693,2473,1153,4093,440

61,75963,07664,78266,72668,91570,52772,10374,296

75,21575,97278,66981,59483,27982,43885,42188,73492,66195,477

95,93897,03096,12597,450

101,685103,971106,434109,232111,800114,142

115,570114,449115,245117,144119,651121,460

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted3

132,342132,298132,501132,473132,471132,352

132,903133,018133,655133,361133,910133,669134,181

66.666.566.666.566.466.3

66.666.666.966.666.966.766.9

124,832124,859125,036125,244125,062124,981

125,226125,663126,151126,095126,462126,610126,884

62.962.862.862.962.762.6

62.762.963.163.063.163.263.2

3,4093,3763,3353,4343,3233,325

3,5293,5193,4873,3683,4913,3823,502

121,423121,483121,701121,810121,739121,656

121,698122,143122,664122,726122,971123,228123,382

3,9114,0703,7863,3662,8752,9752,8172,832

4,0935,0164,8824,3655,1567,9297,4066,9916,2026,137

7,6378,273

10,67810,7178,5398,3128,2377,4256,7016,528

7,0478,6289,6138,9407,9967,404

5.55.75.24.53.83.83.63.5

4.95.95.64.95.68.57.77.16.15.8

7.17.69.79.67.57.27.06.25.55.3

5.66.87.56.96.15.6

7,5107,4397,4657,2297,4097,371

7,6777,3557,5047,2667,4487,0607,297

5.75.65.65.55.65.6

5.85.55.65.45.65.35.4

66,27366,50366,50466,71966,88467,156

66,73066,75466,26666,74166,36866,79066,460

49,53950,58351,39452,05852,28852,52753,29153,602

54,31555,83457,09157,66758,17159,37759,99160,02559,65959,900

60,80661,46062,06762,66562,83962,74462,75262,88862,94462,523

63,32464,57864,70065,63865,75866,280

1 Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of theExplanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.

2 Data, beginning in 1994, are not strictly comparable with data for 1993and prior years because of the introduction of a major redesign of theCurrent Population Survey (household survey) questionnaire and collectionmethodology. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current

Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue ofthis publication. Beginning in 1990, data incorporate 1990 census-basedpopulation controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount. For additionalinformation, see "Revisions in Household Survey Data Effective February1996" in the March 1996 issue of this publication.

3 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.


HOUSEHOLD DATAHISTORICAL

A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1985 to date


Sex, year,and month

Civiliannoninsti-tutional

population


NumberPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

NumberPercent

ofpopulation

AgricultureNonagricultural

industries

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Not inlaborforce

MEN198519861

198719881989

19902

19911992199319942

1995

1995:JulyAugustSeptemberOctober ....NovemberDecember

1996:JanuaryFebruary ...MarchAprilMayJuneJuly

WOMEN198519861

198719881989

19902

19911992199319942

1995

1995:JulyAugustSeptember .OctoberNovember ..December ..,

1996:JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJuly

84,46985,79886,89987,85788,762

90,37791,27892.27093,33294,35595,178

64,41165,42266,20766,92767,840

69,01169,16869,96470,40470,81771,360

95,19195,28795,39795,49295,58095,661

95.71395.78695,86495,95596,04896,14096,230

93,73694,78995,85396,75697,630

98,78799,646

100,535101,506102,460103,406

71,32971,25971,34871,23871,20871,182

71,59371,74372,03071,93572,24172,12172,375

51,05052,41353,65854,74256,030

56,82957,17858,14158,79560,23960,944

103,424103,514103,608103,700103,775103,847

103,921103,986104,058104,146104.230104,319104,411

61,01361,03961,15361,23561,26361,170

61,31061,27561,62561,42661.66961,54861,806

Annual averages

76.376.376.276.276.4

76.475.875.875.475.175.0

59,89160,89262,10763,27364,315

65,10464,22364,44065,34966.45067.377

70.971.071.572.072.5

72.070.469.870.070.470.8

2,5352,5112,5432,4932,513

2,5462,5892,5752,4782,5542.559

57,35658,38159,56460,78061,802

62,55961,63461,86662,87163,89664,818


74.974.874.874.674.574.4

74.874.975.175.075.275.075.2

67.34267,24867,32867,41667,17767,162

67,50167,76467,85667,93368,27868,28368,400

70.770.670.670.670.370.2

70.570.770.870.871.171.071.1

2,5542,5162,5062,5622,4622,445

2,6192,6172,5902,5192,5992,5052,603

64,78864,73264,82264,85464,71564,717

64,88165,14765,26665,41465,67865,77965,797

Annual averages

54.555.356.056.657.4

57.557.457.857.958.858.9

47,25948,70650,33451,69653,027

53,68953,49654,05254,91056,61057,523

50.451.452.553.454.3

54.353.753.854.155.355.6

644652666676687

678680672637855881

46,61548,05449,66851.02052,341

53,01152,81553,38054,27355,75556,642


59.059.059.059.159.058.9

59.058.959.259.059.259.059.2

57,49057,61157,70857,82857,88557,819

57,72557,89958,29458,16158,18458,32658,484

55.655.755.755.855.855.7

55.555.756.055.855.855.956.0

855860829872861880

909902897849891877

56,63556,75156,87956,95657,02456,939

56,81656,99757,39757,31257,29357,44957,585

4,5214,5304,1013,6553,525

3,9064,9465,5235,0554,3673,983

3,9874,0114,0203,8224,0314,020

4,0923,9794,1744,0023,9643,8373,975

3,7913,7073,3243.0463,003

3,1403,6834,0903,8853,6293,421

3,5233,4283,4453,4073,3783,351

3,5853,3763,3313,2643,4853,2223,322

7.06.96.25.55.2

5.77.27.97.26.25.6

20,05820.37620,69220,93020,923

21,36722,11022.30622,92723.53823,818

5.65.65.65.45.75.6

5.75.55.85.65.55.35.5

23,86224,02824,04924,25424,37224,479

24,12024,04323,83424,02023,80724,01923,855

7.47.16.25.65.4

5.56.47.06.66.05.6

42,68642,37642,19542,01441,601

41,95742,46842,39442,71142,22142,462

5.85.65.65.65.55.5

5.85.55.45.35.75.25.4

42,41142,47542,45542,46542,51242,677

42,61042,71142,43342,72142,56142,77142,605

1 Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "HistoricalComparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes andEstimates of Error.

2 Data, beginning in 1994, are not strictly comparable with data for 1993 and prioryears because of the introduction of a major redesign of the Current Population Survey(household survey) questionnaire and collection methodology. For additional

information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1994" inthe February 1994 issue of this publication. Beginning in 1990, data incorporate 1990census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount. For additionalinformation, see "Revisions in Household Survey Data Effective February 1996" in theMarch 1996 issue of this publication.

3 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.


HOUSEHOLD DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED

A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted


Employment status,sex, and age

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutionai population1

Civilian labor forcePercent of population

EmployedEmployment-population ratio

UnemployedUnemployment rate

Men, 16 years and overCivilian noninstitutionai population1



AgricultureNonagricultural industries


Not in labor force

Men, 20 years and overCivilian noninstitutionai population1





Not in labor force

Women, 16 years and overCivilian noninstitutionai population1





Not in labor force

Women, 20 years and overCivilian noninstitutionai population1





Not in labor force

Both sexes, 16 to 19 yearsCivilian noninstitutionai population1





Not in labor force

1995

July

198,615132,342

66.6124,832

62.97,5105.7

95,19171,329

74.967,342

70.72,554

64,7883,9875.6

23,862

87,81867,264

76.664,031

72.92,321

61,7103,2334.8

20,554

103,42461,013

59.057,490

55.6855

56,6353,5235.8

42,411

Aug.

198,801132,298

66.5124,859

62.87,4395.6

95,28771,259

74.867,248

70.62,516

64,7324,0115.6

24,028

87,90567,218

76.563,982

72.82,297

61,6853,2364.8

20,687

103,51461,039

59.057,611

55.7860

56,7513,4285.6

42,475

96,26557,315

59.554,422

56.5801

53,6212,893

5.038,950

14,5317,76353.4

6,37943.9287

6,0921,38417.8

6,768

199,005 199,192132,501 132,473

66.6 66.5125,0361125,244

62.8 62.97,465 7,229

5.6 5.5

95,39771,348

74.867,328

70.62,506

64,8224,020

5.624,049

87,94067,286

76.564,023

72.82,296

61,7273,263

4.820,654

103,60861,153

59.057,708

55.7829

56,8793,445

5.642,455

95,49271,238

74.667,416

70.62,562

64,8543,822

5.424,254

88,02767,193

76.364,146

72.92,351

61,7953,047

4.520,834

1103,70061,235

59.157,828

55.8872

56,9563,407

5.642,465

96,32757,291

59.554,458

56.5811

53,6472,833!

4.939,036

14,5697,78953.5

6,41944.1268

6,1511,37017.6

6,780

96,40957,387

59.554,568

56.6778

53,7902,819

4.939,022

14,6577,82853.4

6,44544.0261

6,1841,38317.7

6,829

96,48757,516

59.654,661

56.7816

53,8452,855

5.038,971

14,6787,76452.9

6,43743.9267

6,1701,32717.1

6,914

199,355132,471

66.4125,062

62.77,409

5.6

95,58071,208

74.567,177

70.32,462

64,7154,031

5.724,372

88,04667,171

76.363,901

72.62,259

61,6423,270

4.920,875

103,77561,263

59.057,885

55.8861

57,0243,378

5.542,512

199,508132,352

66.3124,981

62.67,371

5.6

95,66171,182

74.467,162

70.22,445

64,7174,020

5.624,479

88,17267,133

76.163,879

72.42,252

61,6273,254

4.821,039

103,84761,170

58.957,819

55.7880

56,9393,351

5.542,677

1996

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July

199,634132,903

66.6125,226

62.77,677

5.8

199,773133,018

66.6125,663

62.97,355

5.5

j95,71371,593

74.867,501

70.52,619

64,8814,092

5.724,120

88,22367,563

76.664,246

72.82,399

61,8483,317

4.920,6591

95,78671,743

74.967,764

70.72,617

65,1473,979

5.524,043

88,29667,719

76.764,425

73.02,382

62,0443,294

4.920,577

I96,55557,502

59.654,752

56.7806

53,9462,750

4.839,053

14,7547,79852.9

6,40943.4258

6,1511,38917.8

6,956

96,63357,426

59.454,715

56.6816

53,8992,711

4.739,207

14,7037,79353.0

6,38743.4257

6,1301,40618.0

6,910

103,92161,310

59.057,725

55.5909

56,8163,585

5.842,610

96,717 j57,591

59.554,642

56.5857

53,7852,949

5.139,126

14,6947,74952.7

6,33843.1273

6,0651,41218.2

6,945

103,98661,275

58.957,899

55.7902

56,9973,376

5.542,711

96,75757,570

59.554,790

56.6851

53,9382,780

4.839,188

14,7197,72952.5

6,44843.8286

6,1611,28216.6

6,990

199,921133,655

66.9126,151

63.17,504

5.6

95,86472,030

75.167,856

70.82,590

65,2664,174

5.823,834

88,36667,980

76.964,594

73.12,403

62,1913,386

5.020,386

104,05861,625

59.258,294

56.0897

57,3973,331

5.442,433

96,79857,903

59.855,146

57.0844

54,3032,757

4.838,895

14,7577,77252.7

6,41143.4240

6,1711,36217.5

6,984

200,101133,361

66.6126,095

63.07,266

5.4

95,95571,935

75.067,933

70.82,519

65,4144,002

5.624,020

88,44067,821

76.764,555

73.02,292

62,2633,266

4.820,619

104,14661,426

59.058,161

55.8849

57,3123,264

5.342,721

96,85757,763

59.655,060

56.8813

54,2472,704

4.739,093

200,278133,910

66.9126,462

63.17,448

5.6

96,04872,241

75.268,278

71.12,599

65,6783,964

5.523,807

88,53068,064

76.964,818

73.22,337

62,4803,246

4.820,466

104,23061,669

59.258,184

55.8891

57,2933,485

5.742,561

96,92557,915

59.855,014

56.8831

54,1832,901

5.039,010

200,459 200,641

14,8057,77652.5

6,48043.8263

6,2171,29616.7

7,028

14,8237,93253.5

6,63044.7323

6,3081,30116.4

6,891

133,66966.7

126,61063.2

7,0605.3

96,14072,121

75.068,283

71.02,505

65,7793,837

5.324,019

88,57068,118

76.964,962

73.32,292

62,6693,157

4.620,452

104,31961,548

59.058,326

55.9877

57,4493,222

5.242,771

96,99957,893

59.755,211

56.9842

54,3692,682

4.639,106

14,8907,65851.4

6,43743.2248

6,1891,22115.9

7,232

134,18166.9

126,88463.2

7,2975.4

96,23072,375

75.268,400

71.12,603

65,7973,975

5.523,855

88,61468,274

77.065,094

73.52,381

62,7133,179

4.720,340

104,41161,806

59.258,484

56.0899

57,5853,322

5.442,605

97,06458,102

59.955,266

56.9863

54,4032,837

4.938,962

14,9637,80552.2

6,52443.6258

6,2661,28016.4

7,158

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3

through A-12 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independentseasonal adjustment of the various series.



A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonallyadjusted


Employment status,race, sex, age, and

Hispanic origin

1995


1996


WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population1




Men, 20 years and over




Women, 20 years and over




Both sexes, 16 to 19 years




MenWomen

BLACK











Employed ,Employment-population ratio


See footnotes at end of table.

166,931112,054

67.1106,575

63.85,479

4.9

57,68277.0

55,24873.8

2,4344.2

47,79459.3

45,72556.7

2,0694.3

6,57857.3

5,60248.897614.815.114.6

23,24914,710

63.313,124

56.51,586

10.8

6,68772.0

6,07765.46109.1

7,12060.9

6,48055.56409.0

167,058111,939

67.0106,512

63.85,427

4.8

57,61476.9

55,17173.6

2,4434.2

47,79059.3

45,74156.7

2,0494.3

6,53556.8

5,60048.793514.315.712.8

23,28414,781

63.513,159

56.51,622

11.0

6,69671.9

6,08065.36169.2

7,13861.0

6,51155.76278.8

167,200112,113

67.1106,666

63.85,447

4.9

57,71576.9

55,25073.7

2,4654.3

47,87659.3

45,85156.8

2,0254.2

6,52256.6

5,56548.395714.715.813.4

23,32314,820

63.513,181

56.51,639

11.1

6,72772.3

6,09665.56319.4

7,12260.8

6,47855.36449.0

167,327112,147

67.0106,761

63.85,386

4.8

57,71776.9

55,38373.8

2,3344.0

47,90959.4

45,82056.8

2,0894.4

6,52156.5

5,55848.196314.816.812.5

23,35714,856

63.613,370

57.21,48610.0

6,67671.7

6,12565.75518.3

7,25961.9

6,63756.66228.6

167,441112,023

66.9106,451

63.65,572

5.0

57,67976.8

55,15073.4

2,5294.4

47,83259.2

45,79656.7

2,0364.3

6,51256.3

5,50547.6

1,00715.516.414.5

23,38915,006

64.213,558

58.01,448

9.6

6,66471.8

6,10865.85568.3

7,36662.7

6,78957.85777.8

167,545111,987

66.8106,445

63.55,542

4.9

57,69376.8

55,20673.5

2,4874.3

47,77259.1

45,72256.6

2,0504.3

6,52256.2

5,51747.5

1,00515.416.014.7

23,41914,959

63.913,436

57.41,52310.2

6,68371.5

6,06264.96219.3

7,31762.2

6,75157.45667.7

167,669112,198

66.9106,576

63.65,623

5.0

57,89477.0

55,43873.7

2,4564.2

47,72759.0

45,60456.4

2,1234.4

6,57756.6

5,53347.6

1,04415.916.615.1

23,42414,993

64.013,409

57.21,58410.6

6,74872.2

6,14165.76079.0

7,34362.4

6,67856.86659.1

167,757112,747

67.2107,244

63.95,502

4.9

58,16277.3

55,68874.0

2,4754.3

47,96859.3

45,89256.8

2,0764.3

6,61656.8

5,66548.695114.415.213.4

23,45514,827

63.213,302

56.71,525

10.3

6,77572.3

6,08965.068610.1

7,19361.1

6,63056.35637.8

167,853112,970

67.3107,497

64.05,473

4.8

58,30977.5

55,79574.1

2,5144.3

48,13659.5

46,14157.0

1,9954.1

6,52555.8

5,56147.696414.816.013.4

23,48515,030

64.013,358

56.91,67311.1

6,79072.4

6,04964.574110.9

7,28761.8

6,67456.66138.4

167,973112,613

67.0107,319

63.95,294

4.7

58,20277.3

55,77874.1

2,4244.2

47,88459.2

45,93756.8

1,9474.1

6,52755.7

5,60447.892314.115.212.9

23,51914,971

63.713,399

57.01,57310.5

6,69671.3

6,05564.56419.6

7,30061.9

6,68756.76138.4

168,098113,109

67.3107,612

64.05,497

4.9

58,34077.4

55,91474.2

2,4264.2

48,10359.4

45,97656.8

2,1284.4

6,66656.6

5,72348.694314.115.212.9

23,54915,149

64.313,599

57.71,551

10.2

6,78672.2

6,13665.36509.6

7,37362.4

6,75857.26158.3

168,222112,941

67.1107,757

64.15,184

4.6

58,42677.5

56,04774.3

2,3794.1

47,95659.2

46,06356.9

1,8943.9

6,55855.5

5,64747.891113.914.713.0

23,57914,955

63.413,451

57.01,504

10.1

6,72871.5

6,11064.96179.2

7,37362.4

6,74357.06308.5

168,345113,076

67.2107,772

64.05,304

4.7

58,45677.5

56,07974.3

2,3764.1

47,98159.2

46,00956.8

1,9724.1

6,63956.0

5,68448.095514.416.612.0

23,61115,279

64.713,671

57.91,609

10.5

6,86772.9

6,23366.26349.2

7,50463.4

6,83057.76749.0



A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonallyadjusted—Continued


Employment status,race, sex, age, and

Hispanic origin

BLACK—ContinuedBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years




MenWomen :

HISPANIC ORIGIN





1995


1996


90339.756724.933637.239.435.0

18,65312,301

65.911,197

60.01,104

9.0

94741.656824.937940.043.037.0

18,70212,355

66.111,173

59.71,182

9.6

97142.160726.336437.536.038.9

18,75212,369

66.011,247

60.01,122

9.1

92139.960826.331334.035.332.7

18,80012,410

66.011,251

59.81,159

9.3

97641.266127.931532.333.730.8

18,84512,374

65.711,227

59.61,147

9.3

95941.462326.933635.039.031.4

18,88912,391

65.611,237

59.51,154

9.3

90239.159025.631234.639.130.4

18,92912,655

66.911,493

60.71,162

9.2

86037.258325.227632.130.633-.6

18,97712,666

66.711,432

60.21,234

9.7

95441.163527.431933.538.228.4

19,02512,571

66.111,308

59.41,262

10.0

97641.965728.231932.734.131.3

19,08012,511

65.611,294

59.21,217

9.7

99042.370530.128628.927.430.2

19,13112,514

65.411,365

59.41,149

9.2

85436.459825.425630.035.325.0

19,18412,576

65.611,472

59.81,104

8.8

90838.560725.830133.143.320.9

19,23812,641

65.711,500

59.81,141

9.0

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum

to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented andHispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

10



A-5. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted


Full- and part-time status, sex,and age

1995


1996


EMPLOYED

Full-time workersMen, 16 years and overMen, 20 years and overWomen, 16 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

Part-time workersMen, 16 years and overMen, 20 years and overWomen, 16 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

UNEMPLOYED

Looking for full-time workMen, 16 years and overMen, 20 years and overWomen, 16 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

Looking for part-time workMen, 16 years and overMen, 20 years and overWomen, 16 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES

Full-time workersMen, 16 years and overMen, 20 years and overWomen, 16 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

Part-time workersMen, 16 years and overMen, 20 years and overWomen, 16 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

101,67059,94258,66541,80940,9992,006

23,1777,4515,353

15,69613,4394,385

5,9483,3912,9902,5662,289

1,592604242979641709

5.55.44.85.85.3

25.0

6.47.54.35.94.6

13.9

101,55959,90258,65041,73240,903

2,006

23,1977,3615,326

15,90213,4984,373

5,9623,4413,0022,5362,258

702

1,487591236898575676

5.55.44.95.75.2

25.9

6.07.44.25.34.113.4

101,81759,89158,65241,92941,1262,039

23,3227,5575,43715,77413,4564,429

5,9553,4483,0202,5472,258677

1,473608251864530692

5.55.44.95.75.2

24.9

5.97.44.45.23.8

13.5

102,12860,07058,88042,01341,1702,078

23,1767,3435,329

15,80113,4854,362

5,8463,3522,8562,5962,328

662

1,457624238847535684

5.45.34.65.85.4

24.2

5.97.84.35.13.813.6

102,28559,91658,67842,31541,5202,087

23,0017,3025,31915,66713,3464,336

5,9773,4573,0452,5522,240692

1,452624242845515695

5.55.54.95.75.1

24.9

5.97.94.45.13.7

13.8

102,23360,01258,82742,16141,352

2,054

22,9507,2545,227

15,64813,3764,347

5,9383,4433,0372,5352,219

682

1,450636249828481720

5.55.44.95.75.1

24.9

5.98.14.55.03.5

14.2

101,95759,84458,70242,05841,265

1,989

23,1887,5915,521

15,60913,3214,346

6,1163,3452,9892,7142,412

715

1,472590233864539

5.75.34.86.15.5

26.4

6.07.24.15.23.9

13.9

102,59460,14458,92842,35941,560

2,106

23,0137,4905,375

15,56113,2614,378

5,8533,2383,0092,5252,251

593

1,516685307836511697

5.45.14.95.65.1

22.0

6.28.45.45.13.713.7

102,61860,19358,94642,42741,6462,025

23,3267,5405,49815,75613,4374,390

6,0143,4653,1112,5132,216688

1,499668288800537675

5.55.45.05.65.1

25.3

6.08.15.04.83.8

13.3

102,71160,34559,16942,36741,623

1,919

23,2397,5195,276

15,74113,4164,547

5,8433,3683,0212,4732,190

632

1,427625240811525662

5.45.34.95.55.0

24.8

5.87.74.34.93.8

12.7

103,39060,90059,58642,48841,6072,196

23,0357,3455,185

15,70213,3774,474

5,9693,3222,9532,6372,364

652

1,455616278837530648

5.55.24.75.85.4

22.9

5.97.75.15.13.812.6

103,32560,71859,45642,70041,8711,998

23,2477,6115,47915,64713,3444,424

5,6723,2342,9032,4492,247522

1,389624259767438692

5.25.14.75.45.1

20.7

5.67.64.54.73.213.5

103,61960,90659,66342,77541,9272,029

23,2487,5285,46015,68713,3284,459

5,8253,3032,9082,5422,351566

1,505690277807517711

5.35.14.65.65.3

21.8

6.18.44.84.93.713.7

1 These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time laborforce and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication

prior to 1994.

11



A-6. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Category1995


1996


MARITAL STATUS

TotalMarried men, spouse presentMarried women, spouse presentWomen who maintain families

OCCUPATION

Managerial and professional specialtyTechnical, sales, and administrativesupport

Service occupationsPrecision production, craft, and repairOperators, fabricators, and laborersFarming, forestry, and fishing

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture:Wage and salary workersSelf-employed workersUnpaid family workers

Nonagricultural industries:Wage and salary workersPrivate industries

Private householdsOther industries

GovernmentSelf-employed workersUnpaid family workers

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1

All industries:Part time for economic reasonsSlack work or business conditionsCould only find part-time work

Part time for noneconomic reasons

Nonagricultural industries:Part time for economic reasonsSlack work or business conditionsCould only find part-time work

Part time for noneconomic reasons

124,83242,09932,188

7,127

35,542

37,77116,78613,45817,8333,583

1,8201,562

46

112,41794,073

90893,16518,3449,062

105

4,4402,4931,687

17,966

4,2562,3721,656

17,334

124,85942,08632,153

7,205

35,614

37,43116,95913,38717,8793,577

1,7791,550

45

112,44894,134

93393,20118,3148,883

106

4,4672,5461,634

17,894

4,2912,4141,610

17,251

125,03642,17832,1807,155

35,607

37,50416,93213,48618,0023,588

1,754. 1,525

43

112,58694,337

95993,37818,2498,954

112

4,5022,5261,706

17,842

4,3552,4131,675

17,218

125,24442,28132,185

7,089

35,758

37,33716,99413,45918,0343,692

1,8061,543

49

112,77794,533

97393,56018,2448,913

102

4,4332,5201,652

17,678

4,2742,4261,610

17,054

125,06242,08132,1537,274

35,730

37,29116,94713,34418,2133,590

1,7501,514

34

112,72294,434

98093,45418,2888,853

105

4,4352,5261,648

17,452

4,2832,4191,622

16,852

124,98142,05832,0727,304

35,712

36,99916,96413,44518,2643,599

1,7551,521

46

112,61894,381

97593,40618,2378,877

106

4,4472,5371,615

17,405

4,3062,4401,583

16,804

125,22642,17132,0787,294

35,682

37,05716,75513,61518,2573,760

1,9641,547

48

112,56894,524

93193,59318,0448,913

85

4,0912,2501,509

17,198

3,8422,1141,472

16,520

125,66342,33932,1017,295

35,866

37,32816,72713,78618,1473,744

1,9541,531

34

113,16594,906

87394,03218,2598,953

116

4,5022,5331,621

17,493

4,2742,3821,607

16,884

126,15142,17832,053

7,397

36,149

37,78216,71413,61818,0583,622

1,8591,572

41

113,46195,456

90194,55518,0059,092

102

4,4792,5481,596

17,915

4,2232,3861,561

17,266

126,09542,06731,8687,389

36,115

37,63816,93913,59518,1243,545

1,8621,484

52

113,52795,237

84494,39318,2909,081

101

4,5252,5941,571

17,487

4,2872,4761,534

16,994

126,46242,40632,330

7,314

36,257

37,68117,31213,43918,2823,560

2,0261,456

46

114,03295,776

91894,85818,2568,878

124

4,2772,2161,719

17,620

4,0682,0921,663

17,038

126,61042,58732,6497,360

36,696

37,68317,21513,57218,1373,472

1,9001,457

35

114,13095,801

81294,98918,3299,073

136

4,3012,3221,569

18,211

4,1462,2151,542

17,623

126,88442,47832,713

7,230

36,361

37,79517,41813,43918,3923,594

1,8631,564

52

114,29496,000

93595,06518,2948,998

130

4,3662,5891,494

17,814

4,1592,4571,479

17,157

1 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from theirjobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, orindustrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who

usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference weekfor reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.

12



A-7. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Age and sex1995


1996


Total, 16 years and over ...

16 to 24 years16 to 19 years


20 to 24 years25 years and over












124,832

18,7936,3792,5633,845

12,414106,10890,95415,117

67,342

9,9733,3111,3421,9816,662

57,39548,9978,356

57,490

8,8203,0681,2211,8645,752

48,71341,9576,761

124,859

18,7316,4192,5373,882

12,312106,12991,01615,072

67,248

9,8573,2661,2841,9826,591

57,39349,036

8,302

57,611

8,8743,1531,2531,9005,721

48,73641,9806,770

125,036

18,6346,4452,5943,860

12,189106,33791,18615,218

67,328

9,8593,3051,3251,9836,554

57,46249,076

8,412

57,708

8,7753,1401,2691,8775,635

48,87542,1106,806

125,244

18,6406,4372,5703,862

12,203106,65191,26315,316

67,416

9,7753,2701,3071,9706,505

57,69649,1018,530

57,828

8,8653,1671,2631,8925,698

48,95542,162

6,786

125,062

18,6086,4092,5603,845

12,199106,44091,30615,204

67,177

9,7633,2761,2821,9916,487

57,40448,980

8,463

57,885

8,8453,1331,2781,8545,712

49,03642,3266,741

124,981

18,5426,3872,5443,852

12,155106,44391,36015,119

67,162

9,7663,2831,3011,9926,483

57,37849,0108,423

57,819

8,7763,1041,2431,8605,672

49,06542,3506,696

125,226

18,4226,3382,5133,786

12,084106,75491,53115,153

67,501

9,7893,2541,2571,9666,535

57,69749,247

8,419

57,725

8,6333,0841,2561,8205,549

49,05642,284

6,734

125,663

18,5526,4482,5743,864

12,105107,06591,74015,326

67,764

9,7213,3391,3112,0266,383

58,02349,503

8,510

57,899

8,8313,1091,2641,8385,722

49,04242,2376,816

126,151

18,7016,4112,6453,754

12,290107,36391,91515,416

67,856

9,7553,2631,3301,9376,493

58,06549,4198,634

58,294

8,9463,1481,3141,8175,798

49,29742,4966,782

126,095

18,7586,4802,6613,816

12,278107,30092,08815,231

67,933

9,7983,3791,3342,0336,420

58,12149,5808,581

58,161

8,9603,1021,3271,7835,858

49,18042,5086,650

126,462

18,8096,6302,6473,960

12,179107,59992,26115,356

68,278

9,9093,4601,3532,0846,449

58,29049,6688,685

58,184

8,9003,1701,2941,8765,730

49,30942,5936,670

126,610

18,5066,4372,6673,820

12,069108,20792,78115,459

68,283

9,7253,3221,3362,0376,403

58,56149,8598,734

58,326

8,7813,1161,3311,7835,666

49,64642,9226,725

126,884

18,5286,5242,6443,886

12,004108,43692,93515,497

68,400

9,7263,3061,2812,0226,420

58,70650,0338,680

58,484

8,8023,2191,3641,8645,584

49,73142,902

6,818

A-8. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Age and sex1995

July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec,

1996


Total, 16 years and over ...






, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years









7,510

2,6571,384672698

1,2734,8494,230607

3,987

1,426754364385672

2,5562,205330

3,523

1,231630308313601

2,2932,025277

7,439

2,6581,370663701

1,2884,7844,181582

4,011

1,489775366404714

2,5262,196315

3,428

1,169595297297574

2,2581,985267

7,465

2,6871,383654719

1,3044,7784,201557

4,020

1,451757346401694

2,5712,235331

3,445

1,236626308318610

2,2071,966226

7,229

2,5941,327657687

1,2674,6604,164558

3,822

1,444775357414669

2,3992,122296

3,407

1,150552300273598

2,2612,042262

7,409

2,5721,389646739

1,1834,8484,243590

4,031

1,432761355409671

2,6222,281321

3,378

1,140628291330512

2,2261,962269

7,371

2,6401,406673737

1,2344,7964,223561

4,020

1,454766360405688

2,6052,281304

3,351

1,186640313332546

2,1911,942257

7,677

2,7501,412649767

1,3394,8254,311550

4,092

1,446776361415670

2,5482,279310

3,585

1,304636288352668

2,2772,033240

7,355

2,6161,282642645

1,3344,7624,212573

3,979

1,464685363328779

2,5442,259305

3,376

1,152597279317555

2,2191,953268

7,504

2,6591,362637722

1,2984,8654,233611

4,174

1,508787362426720

2,6612,330315

3,331

1,152574275296577

2,2051,903296

7,266

2,5171,296613689

1,2214,7354,174518

4,002

1,441736358389706

2,5622,299267

3,264

1,076561255300515

2,1721,875251

7,448

2,6081,301639658

1,3064,8224,266570

3,964

1,468717339379750

2,4962,201298

3,485

1,140584300279556

2,3262,065272

7,060

2,4531,221627593

1,2324,6144,032571

3,837

1,372681345338691

2,4692,134321

3,222

1,081540282255541

2,1451,897250

7,297

2,5631,280637640

1,2834,7204,105607

3,975

1,492795408389696

2,4662,115345

3,322

1,071485229251586

2,2541,989262

13Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis


A-9. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted

Age and sex1995 1996

July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July

Total, 16 years and over ....

16 to 24 years16 to 19 years ,





16 to 24 years16 to 19 years ,


20 to 24 years25 years and over ,

25 to 54 years55 years and over ,






5.7

12.417.820.815.49.34.44.43.9

5.6

12.518.521.316.39.24.34.33.8

5.8

12.217.020.114.49.54.54.63.9

5.6

12.417.620.715.39.54.34.43.7

5.6

13.119.222.216.99.84.24.33.7

5.6

11.615.919.213.59.14.44.53.8

5.6

12.617.720.115.79.74.34.43.5

5.6

12.818.620.716.89.64.34.43.8

5.6

12.316.619.514.59.84.34.53.2

5.5

12.217.120.415.19.44.24.43.5

5.4

12.919.221.517.49.34.04.13.4

5.6

11.514.819.212.69.54.44.63.7

5.6

12.117.820.116.18.84.44.43.7

5.7

12.818.921.717.09.44.44.43.7

5.5

11.416.718.515.18.24.34.43.8

5.6

12.518.020.916.19.24.34.43.6

5.6

13.018.921.716.99.64.34.43.5

5.5

11.917.120.115.18.84.34.43.7

5.8

13.018.220.516.910.04.34.53.5

5.7

12.919.222.317.49.34.24.43.5

5.8

13.117.118.716.210.84.44.63.4

5.5

12.416.620.014.39.94.34.43.6

5.5

13.117.021.713.910.94.24.43.5

5.5

11.516.118.114.78.84.34.43.8

5.6

12.417.519.416.19.54.34.43.8

5.8

13.419.421.418.010.04.44.53.5

5.4

11.415.417.314.09.14.34.34.2

5.4

11.816.718.715.39.04.24.33.3

5.6

12.817.921.216.19.94.24.43.0

5.3

10.715.316.114.48.14.24.23.6

5.6

12.216.419.414.29.74.34.43.6

5.5

12.917.220.015.410.44.14.23.3

5.7

11.415.618.812.98.84.54.63.9

5.3

11.715.919.013.49.34.14.23.6

5.3

12.417.020.514.29.74.04.13.5

5.2

11.014.817.512.58.74.14.23.6

5.4

12.216.419.414.19.74.24.23.8

5.5

13.319.424.216.19.84.04.13.8

5.4

10.913.114.411.89.54.34.43.7

14



A-10. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted

Category

CHARACTERISTIC

TotalMen 20 vears and overWomen 20 vears and overBoth sexes 16 to 19 years

White...Black and otherBlackHispanic origin

Married men spouse presentMarried women SDOuse DresentWomen who maintain families

OCCUPATION1

Managerial and professional specialtyTechnical sales and administrative supportPrecision production, craft, and repairOperators fabricators and laborersFarming forestry and fishing

INDUSTRY

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workersGoods-producing industries

Mining .ConstructionManufacturing

Durable goodsNondurable aoods

Service-producing industriesTransportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance insurance and real estateServices

Government workersAaricultural waoe and salarv workers

1995

July

5.74.85.0

17.8

4.99.9

10.89.0

3.4408.2

2.64.46.38.37.7

5.9653.8

11.35.14.75.85.74.66.53.45.72.9

10.4

Aug.

5.64.84.9

176

4.810.011.09.6

3.3407.2

2.54.46.48.46.8

5.86.54.4

12.04.94.25.95.64.46.53.35.62.98.7

Sept.

5.64.84.9

177

4.910.111.19.1

3.4398.0

2.44.46.28.47.4

5.8663.3

12.44.94.25.95.54.56.93.15.22.8

11 6

Oct.

5.54.55.0

17.1

4.89.4

10.09.3

3.2397.9

2.44.56.18.18.3

5.76.58.7

11.74.84.35.65.54.36.33.35.52.9

122

Nov.

5.64.94.8

17.8

5.09.09.69.3

3.3387.7

2.54.26.58.37.8

5.86.77.0

12.05.04.55.85.44.26.33.05.52.9

120

Dec.

5.64.84.7

180

4.99.3

10.29.3

3.2386.8

2.54.45.88.47.7

5.8658 1

11.55.04.45.85.5466.43.25.528

126

1996

Jan.

5.84.95.1

182

5.09.5

10.69.2

3.3408.2

2.44.65.38.38.4

5.86352

10.75.04.45.75.6376.82.95.728

10 5

Feb.

5.54.94.8

166

4.99.1

10.39.7

3.0387.5

2.34.55.98.27.7

5.76465

11.24.95.34.45.438632.25.730

107

Mar.

5.65.04.8

175

4.89.8

11.110.0

3.1357.7

2.34.45.88.67.9

5.86568

10.05.35.15.75.5426.92.55.428

107

Apr.

5.44.84.7

16.7

4.79.4

10.59.7

3.0376.8

2.34.45.58.08.0

5.7614.4

10.24.84.84.85.54.26.62.35.629

109

May

5.64.85.0

164

4.99.2

10.29.2

2.9388.7

234.75.38.39.1

5.7622 1

10.05.14.85.55.6426.62.55.73.3

100

June

5.34.64.6

159

4.69.0

10.188

3.0367.6

244.15.27.97.7

5.56 147955.1465.75.245642.65.12 792

July

5.44.74.9

164

4.79.4

10.59.0

3.03 59.1

254.65.57.76.3

5.55928

10 14.6425.35.443632.85.53286

1 Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not availablebecause the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle

and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

15



A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted


Reason

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobsOn temporary layoff ....Not on temporary layoff

Job leaversReentrantsNew entrants

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployedJob losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

On temporary layoffNot on temporary layoff


UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THECIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobsJob leaversReentrantsNew entrants

1995

July

3,5051,0702,435

8352,557

565

100.047.014.332.611.234.3

7.6

2.6.6

1.9.4

Aug.

3,4551,0322,423

8652,525

581

100.046.513.932.611.634.0

7.8

2.6.7

1.9.4

Sept.

3,422967

2,455875

2,551601

100.045.913.033.011.734.2

8.1

2.6.7

1.9.5

Oct.

3,4571,0182,439

7622,506

559

100.047.514.033.510.534.4

7.7

2.6.6

1.9.4

Nov.

3,4851,0492,436

8572,504

585

100.046.914.132.811.533.7

7.9

2.6.6

1.9.4

Dec.

3,4841,0122,472

8812,466

603

100.046.913.633.311.933.28.1

2.6.7

1.9.5

1996

Jan.

3,6061,1322,474

8692,458

641

100.047.614.932 711 532.58.5

2.77

1.85

Feb.

3,5951,0322,564

7472,517

613

100.048.113.834 310.033.7

8.2

2.7.6

1.95

Mar.

3,5641,0272,537

7822,588

591

100.047.413.633 710.434.4

7.9

2.76

1.94

Apr.

3,6251,1162,509

7022,379

550

100.050.015.434 6

9732.8

7.6

2.75

1.84

May

3,3881,1542,234

6612,784

532

100.046.015.730 3

9037.8

7.2

2.55

2.14

June

3,431990

2,441676

2,419528

100.048.614.034 6

9634.3

7.5

2.65

1.84

July

3,343953

2,391749

2,529623

100.046.113.133 010334.98.6

2.56

1.95

A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted


Duration1995


1996



Less than 5 weeks5 to 14 weeks15 weeks and over

15 to 26 weeks27 weeks and over

Average (mean) duration, in weeks .Median duration, in weeks


Total unemployedLess than 5 weeks5 to 14 weeks15 weeks and over


2,6612,5542,3321,0511,281

16.58.7

100.035.333.830.913.917.0

2,7152,3732,3711,1291,242

16.38.4

100.036.431.831.815.116.7

2,7862,3172,3231,0541,269

16.38.1

100.037.531.231.314.217.1

2,7442,3482,2811,0101,271

16.28.1

100.037.231.830.913.717.2

2,7672,3832,3051,0571,248

16.38.0

100.037.132.030.914.216.7

2,7172,4312,3221,0851,237

16.28.1

100.036.432.531.114.516.6

2,7842,4132,3701,1181,252

16.08.3

100.036.831.931.314.816.5

2,7932,2802,3071,1261,181

16.68.0

100.037.830.931.315.316.0

2,6232,2982,4791,1641,316

17.38.3

100.035.431.133.515.717.8

2,4122,3372,3881,1061,282

17.48.8

100.033.832.733.515.518.0

2,8152,3342,3361,0201,317

16.88.3

100.037.631.231.213.617.6

2,4852,1602,4351,1161,319

17.68.1

100.035.130.534.415.818.6

2,7012,3222,319

9581,361

16.88.6

100.036.831.631.613.118.5

i

16


HOUSEHOLD DATANOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race


Age, sex, and race

July 1996


population


TotalPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

TotalPercent

ofpopulation

Agri-culture

Nonagri-cultural

industries

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Not

laborforce

TOTAL

16 years and over16 to 19 years



25 to 34 years25 to 29 years30 to 34 years




65 years and over65 to 69 years70 to 74 years75 years and over

Men









Women









200,64114,9637,6827,281

17,348115,58140,26619,04521,22143,12622,36620,76132,18918,45213,73721,02611,2099,817

31,7239,6948,575

13,454

96,2307,6163,9553,6618,563

56,71919,7849,331

10,45221,25211,03410,21815,6839,0096,674

10,0125,3784,634

13,3194,4733,7355,111

104,4117,3473,7273,6208,784

58,86220,4829,713

10,76921,87411,33210,54216,5069,4437,063

11,0145,8315,183

18,4045,2214,8408,343

136,2729,7014,2945,406

13,97696,67133,86316,13117,73236,44418,88117,56326,36415,51310,85012,1367,7194,4173,7892,0491,107

633

73,8015,1622,2872,8757,505

52,17018,4878,7129,774

19,60210,1999,403

14,0818,2585,8246,7304,2182,5122,2341,205

658370

62,4714,5392,0072,5316,471

44,50115,3767,4197,958

16,8428,6818,160

12,2827,2565,0275,4063,5011,9041,555

843449263

67.964.855.974.380.683.684.184.783.684.584.484.681.984.179.057.768.945.011.921.112.94.7

76.767.857.878.587.692.093.493.493.592.292.492.089.891.787.367.278.454.216.826.917.67.2

128,5798,0803,4354,645

12,62192,56932,05515,20516,84934,96118,06516,89625,55415,01810,53511,6627,4074,2563,6461,9761,059

611

69,8194,2011,7692,4326,822

50,17017,6088,2619,34718,9009,8299,07113,6627,9895,6736,4674,0452,4222,1591,157638364

59.861.853.969.973.775.675.176.473.977.076.677.474.476.871.249.160.036.7

8.416.19.33.2

58,7603,8791,6672,2135,799

42,39914,4476,9457,502

16,0618,2367,825

11,8927,0304,8625,1963,3621,8341,486

819421247

64.154.044.763.872.880.179.679.879.481.180.881.479.481.476.755.566.143.411.520.412.34.5

72.655.244.766.479.788.589.088.589.488.989.188.887.188.785.064.675.252.316.225.917.17.1

56.352.844.761.166.072.070.571.569.773.472.774.272.074.468.847.257.735.48.115.78.73.0

3,862420234187385

2,27377137140082043238868242026241224416837216013379

2,888359202157294

1,66561731030758031426646828718127615412229312510959

97461323090

6081546193

24011812221313381136894679352420

124,717

3,2024,45812,23790,29631,28314,83416,44934,14117,63316,50824,87214,59910,27411,2517,1634,0883,2741,816926532

66,9313,8421,5662,2756,528

48,50416,9917,9519,040

18,3209,5158,805

13,1947,7025,4926,1913,8912,300

1,032530305

57,7863,8181,6352,1835,709

41,79214,2926,8837,40915,8218,1187,70311,6786,8974,7815,0603,2721,7881,407784396227

7,6931,620859762

1,3554,1021,809926882

1,483816667810495315473312161143724823

3,982961518443682

2,001879452427703370332419269150263173907448206

3,711659341319672

2,1019304744567814463353902261652101407169242816

5.616.720.014.19.74.25.35.75.04.14.33.83.13.22.93.94.03.63.83.54.33.6

5.418.622.715.49.13.84.85.24.43.63.63.53.03.32.63.94.13.63.34.03.01.7

5.914.517.012.610.44.76.06.45.74.65.14.13.23.13.33.94.03.74.42.96.26.2

64,3695,2623,3881,8743,37118,9106,4022,9133,4896,6823,4853,1975,8252,9392,8878,8913,4905,400

27,9347,6457,46812,821

22,4292,4541,668785

1,0594,5491,297619678

1,650834816

1,602752850

3,2831,1612,12211,0853,2673,0774,741

41,9402,8091,7201,0892,31314,3615,1052,2942,8115,0322,6512,3824,2232,1872,0365,6082,3303,27916,8494,3784,3928,080

17



A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued


Age, sex, and race

July 1996


population


TotalPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

TotalPercent

ofpopulation

culture

Nonagri-cultural

industries

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Notin

laborforce

WHITE









Men









Women









168,34511,8456,0385,807

13,88396,08032,85315,46817,38535,82118,53117,29027,40615,60511,80218,1389,6318,506

28,3988,5047,642

12,253

81,5036,0493,1062,9446,957

47,78616,3947,7078,687

17,8729,2608,612

13,5207,7325,7888,7364,6744,062

11,9753,9173,3614,696

114,8088,0923,5784,514

11,55281,13027,90013,24414,65630,53415,76514,76922,69513,2659,430

10,5646,6583,9063,4701,8621,018

590

63,0814,2921,8792,4126,304

44,51215,5097,2708,238

16,7048,6808,024

12,3007,1765,1235,9413,7102,2312,0321,078

610344

68.268.359.377.783.284.484.985.684.385.285.185.482.885.079.958.269.145.912.221.913.34.8

77.470.960.581.990.693.194.694.394.893.593.793.291.092.888.568.079.454.917.027.518.27.3

86,8425,7962,9332,8636,926

48,29416,4597,7618,698

17,9489,2718,678

13,8877,8736,0149,4024,9574,445

16,4244,5864,2807,557

51,7273,8011,6992,1025,248

36,61712,3925,9746,418

13,8307,0856,745

10,3966,0894,3074,6232,9481,6751,438

784408246

59.665.657.973.475.875.875.377.073.877.176.477.774.977.371.649.259.537.78.8

17.19.53.3

109,3386,9752,9813,994

10,60978,19826,67312,63114,04229,48715,22714,26022,03812,8639,175

10,2106,4293,7813,3451,795

980571

60,2273,6431,5272,1165,829

43,05014,9056,9537,952

16,1948,4187,776

11,9516,9534,9985,7403,5832,1561,9651,034

592338

49,1113,3321,4541,8784,780

35,14811,7685,6786,09013,2936,8096,48410,0875,9104,1774,4712,8461,6251,380760388232

64.958.949.468.876.481.481.281.780.882.382.282.580.482.477.756.366.844.411.821.112.84.7

73.960.249.271.983.890.190.990.291.590.690.990.388.489.986.465.776.753.116.426.417.67.2

56.657.549.665.669.072.871.573.270.074.173.474.772.675.169.547.657.436.68.416.69.13.1

3,651406224182368

2,13573735038876540436163339623738622915635615412775

2,714348196152281

1,54658629029653328624642726716025914711228011910458

937582930865891515992

23211811520612977127824576352418

105,6866,5692,7573,81210,24176,06325,93612,28113,65528,72214,82313,89921,40512,4668,9389,8256,2003,6252,9891,641853496

57,5133,2951,3321,9645,548

41,50414,3196,6627,656

15,6628,1327,530

11,5246,6864,8385,4813,4372,0451,685

915489281

48,1733,2741,4251,8484,693

34,55911,6175,6195,99813,0606,691

9,8815,7814,1004,3442,7641,5801,304725364215

5,4701,117597520943

2,9311,227613614

1,047538509658402255354228125125673820

2,854649352296475

1,462604318286510262248349223125201126756744186

2,616469245224468

1,4696232953285372762613091791301521025058232014

4.813.816.711.58.23.64.44.64.23.43.43.42.93.02.73.33.43.23.63.63.73.4

4.515.118.712.37.53.33.94.43.53.13.03.12.83.12.43.43.43.43.34.12.91.6

5.112.314.410.68.94.05.04.95.13.93.93.93.02.93.03.33.53.04.03.04.95.8

53,5373,7532,4601,2932,33114,9514,9532,2242,7295,2872,7662,5204,7112,3402,3717,5732,9734,600

24,9286,6426,62411,662

18,4221,7581,226532653

3,274886437449

1,168580588

1,220555664

2,795964

1,8309,9422,8392,7514,352

35,1151,9951,234761

1,67811,6774,0671,7882,2804,1182,1861,9323,4911,7841,7074,7792,0092,77014,9863,8033,8737,311

18



A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by age, sex, and race—Continued


Age, sex, and race

July 1996


population


TotalPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

TotalPercent

ofpopulation

Agri-culture

Nonagri-cultural

industries

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Notin

laborforce

BLACK









Men









Women









23,6112,3571,2291,1282,52714,0065,3062,5452,7615,2902,8162,4743,4102,0271,3832,1111,140971

2,611950683979

10,5781,158616542

1,1636,3162,3671,1221,2452,4131,2901,1231,536920616915498416

1,026440275311

13,0331,198612586

1,3637,6902,9391,4231,5162,8771,5261,3511,8741,107767

1,196642554

1,585511408667

15,5901,245563683

1,78011,2164,3182,0892,2294,2972,3191,9782,6011,5931,0081,1097623482381376931

7,556680330350872

5,3422,0781,0101,0692,0231,092931

1,240763477523343179139873517

8,034565232333908

5,8752,2401,0791,1612,2741,2281,0461,36183053158741816899503415

66.052.845.860.570.580.181.482.180.781.282.479.976.378.672.952.666.835.89.1

14.510.13.2

71.458.753.664.575.084.687.890.085.883.884.683.080.883.077.557.268.943.113.519.812.95.4

61.647.237.956.866.676.476.275.976.679.080.577.472.675.069.249.065.230.3

6.29.98.32.2

13,785810330480

1,44710,2763,8321,8192,0143,9432,0911,8522,5011,529

9721,029

7043252221355929

6,628395173222714

4,8981,847

893954

1,8631,002

8611,189

732457487315171134853316

7,156415157259733

5,378

9261,0592,080

9911,312

79751554238915388502613

58.434.426.942.657.373.472.271.572.974.574.274.973.375.470.348.761.733.5

8.514.28.62.9

62.734.128.140.961.477.678.079.576.677.277.676.777.479.574.353.263.241.213.119.412.05.2

54.934.625.644.153.869.967.665.169.972.371.473.470.072.067.145.360.627.7

5.69.76.31.9

126624

11862515103317162814141376

10532

118624

10832515103417172512341174753

13,659804328476

1,43710,1903,8071,8042,0033,9102,0741,8362,4731,515

9581,016

6973192131305626

6,510389172217704

4,8151,822

878944

1,829985844

1,164719445475308167127803016

7,149415157259732

5,3751,985

9261,0592,0811,089

9921,309

79651354138915286502610

1,8054352332023339404862702163542291261006436815823163

103

9272851571281584432311171141619071513220362885221

8781507674

1754972541531011941395549331644301511182

11.634.941.329.618.78.4

11.212.99.78.29.96.43.94.03.67.37.66.56.61.9

12.341.947.536.518.18.3

11.111.610.77.98.27.64.14.24.17.08.34.43.42.1

10.926.632.622.419.38.5

11.414.28.78.5

11.35.33.63.93.17.67.18.8

11.0

8,0221,112

666446746

2,789987456532993497496809433375

1,002378623

2,373813613947

3,023478286192291974289113176390199191295157139392155237887353240295

4,999633380253455

1,815698343355603298305513277236610224386

1,466460374652

1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

19



A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educationalattainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin


Enrollment status, educationalattainment, race, and Hispanic origin

July 1996


population


TotalPercent ofpopulation

Employed

TotalFulltime

Parttime

Unemployed

Total

Lookingfor

full-timework

Lookingfor

part-timework

Percentof

laborforce

TOTAL ENROLLED

Total, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years

High schoolCollege

Full-time studentsPart-time students

Men, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years

High schoolCollege


Women, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years

High schoolCollege


White


MenWomen

High schoolCollege


Black


MenWomen

High schoolCollege


Hispanic origin


MenWomen

High schoolCollege


5,9753,2912,685

2,2393,7362,6011,136

2,8441,6051,239

1,1791,6651,195470

3,1321,6861,446

1,0602,0721,406

2,4332,010

2,1172,326

1,6202,8231,895928

1,039606433

470569

497541408134

840573268

406435

509332215117

3,3771,6271,750

9342,4441,517927

1,634794840

5181,117717400

1,743833910

4161,327800527

2,7201,3001,420

1,2961,424

7122,0071,226781

451246205

219232

19126016496

346175171

178168

13820811791

56.549.465.2

41.765.458.381.6

57.549.567.8

43.967.160.085.2

55.649.462.9

39.264.156.979.0

61.253.470.6

61.261.2

44.071.164.784.2

43.440.547.5

46.640.8

38.448.040.371.5

41.230.564.0

43.838.7

27.162.854.777.7

2,9681,3701,598

7352,2331,377856

1,392631761

3821,011650360

1,576739837

3531,223727496

2,4461,1231,323

1,1361,310

5711,8751,136739

353182171

163189

13521814078

279117162

141137

86193107

1,225391834

1751,051624427

635198437

119516332185

590193397

56535292242

1,045342702

527518

142903536367

1374493

8056

301066343

13229104

7062

33995148

1,743979764

5601,182753429

757433324

263494318176

986546440

298688435253

1,401781620

609792

429972600372

21613878

83133

1041127735

1468858

7175

52945638

409257152

19921014070

24216379

1361066640

1679573

631047331

27417698

160114

1421329042

986434

5643

57422417

1608475

61996930

764432

37392514

844044

24604416

884641

4048

41473413

563125

2036

20362412

23176

616

131073

24917376

1381117141

16611948

99674226

835429

442915

18613056

12066

101855629

433310

367

3761

45414

3015

39532

12.115.88.7

21.38.69.27.6

14.820.59.4

26.29.59.3

9.611.38.0

15.17.99.25.9

10.113.66.9

12.38.0

19.96.67.35.4

21.826.016.8

25.418.4

29.616.114.918.2

19.533.05.7

20.518.5

37.97.38.65.5


21



A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educationalattainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued


Enrollment status, educationalattainment, race, and Hispanic origin

July 1996


population


TotalPercent ofpopulation

Employed

TotalFulltime

Parttime

Unemployed

Total

Lookingfor

full-timework

Lookingfor

part-timework

Percentof

laborforce

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED


Less than a high school diplomaHigh school graduates, no collegeLess than a bachelor's degreeCollege graduates

Men, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years


Women, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years


White


MenWomen


Black


MenWomen


Hispanic origin

Total. 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years

MenWomen


26,33511,67214,663

9,4948,0936,9641,785

13,3366,0117.325

5,0594,2053,352

720

12.9995,6617,338

4,4353.8883,6121,065

21,2859,412

11,873

10,88910,396

7,5146.4655,7901,516

3,8441,7502,094

1,8521,993

1,5351,330

838141

3,6201,3792,240

1,9061,714

1,8601,096

59074

20,3008,073

12,226

5,844

6,1231,647

11,0334,3686,665

3,5293,7453,080

678

9.2673.7055,562

2,3152,9413,042

16,9256,793

10,132

9,2997,625

4,8435,4495,2061,427

2,5751.0001,575

1,3331,241

7831,002

662127

2,508821

1,687

1,544964

1,06386350774

77.169.283.4

61.682.687.992.3

82.772.791.0

89.191.994.1

71.365.575.8

52.275.684.291.0

79.572.285.3

85.473.3

64.484.389.994.1

67.057.175.2

72.062.3

51.075.379.090.0

69.359.575.3

81.056.3

57.278.885.9

17,7336,710

11,023

4,6555,8135,7451,520

9,6313,5696,061

2,8273,2742,900

630

8,1033,1414,962

1,8282,5392,845

891

15,1385,8529,286

8,3366,802

4,0324,8844,9041,318

1.905629

1,276

946959

456728606115

2,077595

1,482

1,324753

84273444062

12,2363,1549,082

2,2354,3424,3391,320

7,1891,8915,298

1,6092,6422,372

566

5,0471.2633,784

6261,7001,967

754

10,4572,7777,680

6,2784,179

1,9293,6353,7321,161

1,345300

1,045

706640

233576438

1,565311

1,254

1,075490

59956834652

5,4973,5561,941

2,4201,4711,406

200

2,4421,678

764

1,21963152864

3,0551,8781,178

1,202839878136

4,6813,0741,607

2,0572,624

2,1031,2491,172

158

560329231

241319

224152167

17

512284228

250262

9

2,5661,3631,203

1,189873378127

1,402799603

70247218048

1,164565600

48740119879

1,787941845

964823

811565302108

670371299

387283

327274

5613

431226205

219211

2221296713

1,976895

1,081

795771295116

1,106547559

48043314845

870348522

31533814671

1,341599742

752589

53048522997

561273288

316245

242253

5413

349162188

191159

1681205111

590468122

3941028311

296251

44

2223932

3

294216

78

17263518

446342103

212234

281807311

1089810

7138

8521

3

826517

2953

549

162

12.616.99.8

20.313.16.27.7

12.718.39.1

19.912.65.97.1

12.615.210.8

21.013.66.58.1

10.613.98.3

10.410.8

16.710.45.87.6

26.037.119.0

29.022.8

41.727.3

8.59.8

17.227.612.1

14.221.9

20.815.013.2

1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not

enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school andcollege students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin

groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are notpresented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black populationgroups.

22



A-16. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race

(In thousands)

Age, sex, and race

July 1996

Employed1

Full-time workers

Total

At work

35hours

ormore

1 to 34hours foreconomic

ornoneconomic

reasons

Notat

work

Part-time workers

Total

At work2

Part time foreconomicreasons

Part timefor

noneconomicreasons

Notat

work

Unemployed

Lookingfor

full-timework

Lookingfor

part-timework

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over16 to 19 years


20 years and over20 to 24 years25 years and over


Men, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 years and over



Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 years and over



White







Black







106,4843,545

9022,644

102,9399,916

93,02381,68711,335

62,7662,089

60,6775,735

54,94247,9456,997

43,7181,456

42,2624,182

38,08133,7424,338

54,3121,867

52,4464,938

47,50741,2836,225

35,8371,253

34,5843,444

31,14027,430

3,710

5,903182

5,721604

5,1174,589

528

5,876162

5,714534

5,1804,716

464

88,4142,955

7182,237

85,4588,555

76,90367,9228,981

53,9931,780

52,2125,085

47,12741,355

5,772

34,4211,175

33,2463,470

29,77626,5673,209

46,7121,596

45,1164,392

40,72435,6095,115

28,0621,020

27,0422,878

24,16421,4242,739

5,019149

4,870512

4,3583,923

435

4,642119

4,523414

4,1093,776

334

9,780491148343

9,288958

8,3307,1281,202

5,070246

4,824503

4,3213,641

680

4,709245

4,464455

4,0093,487

522

4,377217

4,160431

3,7293,113

616

3,881201

3,679369

3,3102,851

459

49825

47360

413364

49

64237

60567

538488

49

8,291993563

8,192403

7,7896,6371,152

3,70362

3,641146

3,4942,949

545

4,58836

4,552257

4,2953,688

607

3,22354

3,169115

3,0542,561

493

3,89431

3,863196

3,6663,155

512

3868

37832

346302

44

5926

58654

53345281

22,0954,5352,5342,001

17,5602,705

14,85510,8823,973

7,0532,1114,9411,0883,8542,2251,629

15,0422,424

12,6181,617

11,0018,6572,344

5,9151,7764,139

8913,2481,7681,480

13,2742,079

11,1951,3369,8597,7182,141

72521351211040230993

1,281253

1,027199828662166

3,479729325404

2,750653

2,0971,846251

1,625377

1,248333916803113

1,854352

1,502320

1,1811,043138

1,27934293727765957981

1,460269

1,190259931806125

250222294118716819

296542424919318211

16,2343,5152,0391,476

12,7191,894

10,8257,6043,221

4,9071,6133,294

7182,5761,2241,351

11,3271,9019,4251,1768,2496,3791,870

4,1891,3342,855

5772,2781,0291,249

10,1381,6508,488

9827,5065,7771,729

41417424067

17311359

841190651130521407114

2,382291169122

2,091158

1,9331,432

500

521121400

37363198165

1,861170

1,691121

1,5701,235

336

447100347

36311160151

1,676160

1,51695

1,4211,135

286

611844

2422814

14410

13420

1147342

6,306980400580

5,3261,1574,1703,699

471

3,372591

2,780591

2,1901,917

272

2,934388

2,546566

1,9801,781

199

2,394388

2,005403

1,6021,394

208

1,978257

1,721380

1,3411,198

142

812189623147476437

39

795115680166514466

49

1,387641459182747198548403145

610370240

921488365

77727150610640032080

460260200

711286861

639212427

8833927168

115961911872

823547

93831

7

1 Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their usualweekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work during thereference week. Persons absent from work are also classified according to their usual

status.2 Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason for

working part time.

23



A-17. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age

(In thousands)

Occupation

Total

Managerial and professional specialtyExecutive, administrative, and managerial

Officials and administrators, public administrationOther executive, administrative, and managerial...Management-related occupations

Professional specialtyEngineersMathematical and computer scientistsNatural scientistsHealth diagnosing occupationsHealth assessment and treating occupationsTeachers, college and universityTeachers, except college and universityLawyers and judgesOther professional specialty occupations

Technical, sales, and administrative supportTechnicians and related support

Health technologists and techniciansEngineering and science techniciansTechnicians, except health, engineering, and science .

Sales occupationsSupervisors and proprietorsSales representatives, finance and business services .Sales representatives, commodities, except retailSales workers, retail and personal servicesSales-related occupations

Administrative support, including clericalSupervisorsComputer equipment operatorsSecretaries, stenographers, and typistsFinancial records processingMail and message distributingOther administrative support, including clerical

Service occupationsPrivate householdProtective serviceService, except private household and protective

Food serviceHealth serviceCleaning and building servicePersonal service

Total

16 yearsand over

July1995

July1996

126,548 128,579

Precision production, craft, and repairMechanics and repairersConstruction tradesOther precision production, craft, and repair .

Operators, fabricators, and laborersMachine operators, assemblers, and inspectorsTransportation and material moving occupations

Motor vehicle operatorsOther transportation and material moving occupations

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborersConstruction laborersOther handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .

Farming, forestry, and fishingFarm operators and managersOther farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.

35,30217,482

753 l

12,3444,384

17,8212,0061,202

520998

2,894741

4,018951

4,491

38,1254,0761,6631,2791,134

15,3914,5342,3751,5476,848 :

87 i18,658 I

751 !486

4,1852,3181,0559,863

17,211838

2,34514,0285,8492,3552,9752,848

13,742 I4,419 i5,318 I4,004 !

18,0167,6015,1493,8311,3185,266

9304,336

4,1521,5012,651

Men

16 yearsand over

20 yearsand over

July1995

36,18118,158

75812,9204,479

18,0232,0241,289

545956

2,862760

4,136891

4,560

38,2104,0151,5511,2541,209

15,7334,6022,5311,6026,909

8918,463

682398

3,9872,300

98010,116

17,801857

2,36014,5846,1392,4583,1742,813

13,7214,5545,1933,974

18,5407,8505,3014,0011,3005,3891,0054,384

4,1261,4112,714

68,750

18,57810,062

3957,6402,0288,5151,843

769391757436410

1,051690

2,168

13,7002,039

3491,014

6767,7032,7591,3361,2322,361

153,958

323205

98186655

2,493

6,94638

1,9584,9502,399

3001,648

603

12,5054,2575,1813,067

13,7094,8084,7103,4421,2674,191898

3,294

3,3131,1182,195

July1996

July1995

July1996

69,819 64,533 i 65,618

18,803 !10,259 |

407 |7,885 I1,9688,5441,856883394682438429

1,100627

2,135

13,7801,979 ;

317949713

7,8972,8831,4711,1632,354 !

26 ;3,905 i278 |168 |103 i218645

2,493

7,471 :51

1,9335,487 i2,764307

1,822593

12,413 •4,354 ;5,0573,003

14,011 j4,828 |4,8283,5881,2404,355

9683,387

!

18,394 ."10,022 I

394 I7,605 i2,022 j8,3721,837769389 !757436411

1,003690

2,080

12,8952,006 !347 ,985 |674 !

7,175 '2,724 ;1,321 |1,2291,886 I

153,714 !32219992185 I617 :

2,299

5,76030

1,886 |3,844 !1,646 ;

286 i1,449 |464

12,1154,1614,9443,010 !

12,535 i4,621 !4,591 |3,3461,2443,323

7 5 7 •2,566 |

Women

16 yearsand over

July1995

I

18,66010,210

4047,8421,9648,4501,851

873395682436427

1,075627

2,085

12,981 I1,925 j

311 |918 !696

7,4072,8571,4571,1501,917 !

263,649

27816591 |

211 !

617 |2,287 |

6,204 :45

1,8644,2951,889 !

301 j1.628 !

477 j

12,091 |4,249 •'4,888 I2,954

i12,809 j4.629 j4,6753,4511,2243,505829

2,676

57,798

16,7257,419358

4,7042,3579,305163433129240

2,457331

2,967261

2,323

24,4252,0371,314265458

7,6881,7751,039315

4,48772

14,700428281

4,0872,133401

7,370

10,266801388 j

9,077 ;3,450 i2,055 ;1,328 i2,245 :

1,237 '162138937

July1996

20 yearsand over

4,307 4,5292,793 ! 3,02243938951

1,07532

1,042

47341360

1,03436998

3,340 2,8341,071 j 1,0562,270 1,778

2,874 839 : 7851,058 , 383 3411,816 | 455 445

July1995

July1996

58,760

17,3777,898351 !

5,035 '2,5119,479168 i406 I151273

2,424332

3,036264

2,425

24,4302,0361,234305497

7,8361,7201,060438

4,55563

14,558404230

3,8842,082335

7,623

10,330806427

9,0973,3752,1511,3522,219 |

1,308 :201 !136 i971 !

54,050 54,880

16,5217,357355

4,6512,3529,165163432129240

2,451324

2,927261

2,238

22,5962,0121,304255453

6,5291,7501,012303

3,39272

14,055427260

3,9352,106381

6,946

8,932678317

7,9372,6401,9801,2302,087

1,186160114912

4,0572,677 j425 |374 I51

95531924

758375384

17,1667,846351

4,9932,5029,320164406150273

2,419328

2,982261

2,336

22,5182,0031,218300485

6,5911,7031,026417

3,38759

13,924405215

3,7692,066320

7,149

8,945632343

7,9712,5992,0421,2742,056

1,257196125936

4,2822,93945839959

88431853

712340371

24



A-18. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex

(Percent distribution)

Occupation and race

Total

July1995

July1996

Men

July1995

July1996

Women

July1995

July1996

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over (thousands)Percent

Managerial and professional specialtyExecutive, administrative, and managerialProfessional specialty

Technical, sales, and administrative supportTechnicians and related supportSales occupationsAdministrative support, including clerical


Precision production, craft, and repairOperators, fabricators, and laborers

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectorsTransportation and material moving occupationsHandlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Farming, forestry, and fishing

White








Black








126,548100.0

27.913.814.130.13.2

12.214.713.6

.71.9

11.110.914.26.04.14.23.3

108,096100.0

29.014.514.530.33.3

12.614.512.6

.61.8

10.111.213.45.53.94.03.5

13,280100.0

19.99.2

10.629.12.78.9

17.621.2

.92.6

17.78.4

20.08.85.85.41.4

128,579100.0

28.114.114.029.73.1

12.214.413.8

.71.8

11.310.714.46.14.14.23.2

109,338100.0

29.114.814.329.83.1

12.614.112.8

.61.7

10.411.113.75.74.04.03.5

13,785100.0

19.99.1

10.828.22.68.9

16.721.7

.93.0

17.97.8

21.28.95.96.41.3

68,750100.0

27.014.612.419.93.0

11.25.8

10.1.1

2.87.2

18.219.97.06.96.14.8

59,386100.0

28.115.412.720.13.0

11.75.49.2

.12.86.3

18.818.86.66.55.85.0

6,486100.0

18.49.49.1

17.82.27.08.6

17.3.1

4.013.214.829.29.8

10.78.72.5

69,819100.0

26.914.712.219.72.8

11.35.6

10.7.1

2.87.9

17.820.16.96.96.24.8

60,227100.0

27.715.312.519.82.8

11.75.39.7.1

2.67.0

18.519.16.76.65.95.2

6,628100.0

17.39.18.1

16.72.26.87.7

18.80

4.514.213.631.29.6

11.210.42.5

57,798100.0

28.912.816.142.33.5

13.325.417.81.4.7

15.72.17.54.8

.81.91.5

48,710100.0

30.213.516.742.73.5

13.725.516.71.3.6

14.82.16.74.2

.71.81.6

6,794100.0

21.29.1

12.140.03.2

10.726.225.0

1.71.3

21.92.3

11.27.91.12.2

.3

58,760100.0

29.613.416.141.6

3.513.324.817.6

1.4.7

15.52.27.75.1.8

1.81.3

49,111100.0

30.714.116.542.13.5

13.625.016.61.3.6

14.62.17.04.5

.81.61.5

7,156100.0

22.39.0

13.238.93.0

10.925.024.4

1.71.5

21.22.4

12.08.21.12.7

.1

1 Less than 0.05 percent.

25



A-19. Employed persons by industry and occupation

(In thousands)

Industry

July 1996

Totalem-

ployed

Managerial andprofessional

specialty

Executive,adminis-trative,

andmana-gerial

Profes-sional

specialty

Technical, sales, andadministrative

support

Techni-ciansand

relatedsupport

Sales

Adminis-trative

support,includingclerical

Serviceoccupations

Privatehouse-

hold

Otherservice1

Preci-sion

produc-tion,craft,and

repair

Operators,fabricators,

and laborers

Machineoper-ators,

assem-blers,and

inspec-tors

Transpor-tationand

materialmoving

Handlers,equipmentcleaners,helpers,

andlaborers

Farming,forestry,

andfishing

AgricultureMiningConstructionManufacturing

Durable goodsNondurable goods

Transportation and publicutilities

Wholesale and retail tradeWholesale tradeRetail trade

Finance, insurance, andreal estate

ServicesPrivate householdsOther service industries .

Professional services...Public administration

3,862561

8,34620,59012,2238,368

9,04127,2505,08622,164

8,30444,644

99643,64829,0915,981

12885

1,1972,8061,6751,131

1,2482,548581

1,968

2,3866,340

86,3333,8701,419

8443174

1,9271,214713

515470103367

26413,588

513,58311,763

958

372443647451196

35117049121

1802,349

42,3451,969214

20

63784346438

32711,2832,0819,202

2,0511,183

1,18323021

18357495

2,0571,128929

2,3352,353785

1,568

2,8246,744

86,7364,9051,415

857857

33333280157123

2595,328

535,276

3049,116

509,0655,3201,589

40208

4,5383,7602,6501,110

1,2361,490324

1,166

1632,074

72,067422213

62291

6,3373,5222,815

138328122206

28882

882156

19

35106593765437328

2,0701,144

503641

8528

1527239

53

2111

1,0811,100

526574

5562,026

4251,601

26521

1250911547

3,2772

38127117

10

61106347

69464

4541910034

Includes protective service, not shown separately.

26



A-20. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricuitural industries by age, sex, and class of worker

(In thousands)

Age and sex

July 1996

Agriculture

Wageand

salaryworkers

Self-employedworkers

Unpaidfamily

workers

Nonagricuitural industries

Wage and salary workers

Total

Private industries

TotalPrivate

householdworkers

Otherprivate

industries

Government

Self-employedworkers

Unpaidfamily

workers

Total, 16 years and over....16 to 19 years


20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

Men, 16 years and over16 to 19 years



Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years



2,10932616715930053544329313478

1,5942761461302234233172138260

5155 0 ,212978

112125805218

1,68669531669

228371384272293

1,24960441660

189262254192232

438109

939

1091298062

662513111596561

45231211115

121

221

115,4957,5693,1504,420

11,93829,43731,37522,5499,9792,647

61,3353,8001,5462,2546,350

15,917

11,7775,3671,455

54,1603,7691,6032,1665,588

13,51914,70710,7724,6121,193

97,7147,0832,9244,159

11,02825,72925,99017,5268,0882,269

53,1223,5561,4212,1355,919

14,19314,2469,4454,4971,266

44,5913,5271,5032,0245,109

11,53611,7448,0823,5911,003

9851941088612617615715312356

1181711624291514811

867177978010214814313911545

96,7296,8902,8164,07410,90225,55325,83317,3747,9652,213

53,0053,5391,4102,1295,89514,16414,2319,4314,4891,255

43,7243,3511,4061,9455,00711,38811,6017,9433,476

17,781486226260910

3,7085,3865,0231,891378

8,212244125119431

1,7252,4222,332870188

9,569242100142479

1,9832,9632,6901,021190

9,088814337292

1,8192,7342,2981,248616

5,553361720171

1,0681,6441,412816408

3,535442718

122751

1,091886433208

134109172731252310

43

4

868584

9045

222320156

27



A-21. Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work

Hours of work

Total, 16 years and over

1 to 34 hours1 to 4 hours5 to 14 hours15 to 29 hours30 to 34 hours

35 hours and over35 to 39 hours .40 hours41 hours and over..

41 to 48 hours49 to 59 hours60 hours and over

Average hours, total at workAverage hours, persons who usually work full time

July 1996

Thousands of persons

Allindustries

117,906

28,5121,4394,202

14,1428,729

89,3948,561

43,36537,46813,96113,44610,060

39.643.2

Agriculture

3,701

1,07578

266481249

2,626223743

1,661252464945

43.450.4

Nonagriculturalindustries

114,205

27,4371,3623,935

13,6618,480

86,7688,338

42,62235,80813,70912,9839,116

39.443.0

Percent distribution

Allindustries

100.0

24.21.23.6

12.07.4

75.87.3

36.831.811.811.48.5

Agriculture

100.0

29.02.17.2

13.06.7

71.06.0

20.144.9

6.812.525.5

Nonagriculturalindustries

100.0

24.01.23.4

12.07.4

76.07.3

37.331.412.011.48.0

-

NOTE: Detail on persons at work in tables A-21 through A-25 may not sumto the totals shown because of minor editing problems associated with the

redesigned survey.

A-22. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usualfull- or part-time status


Reason for working less than 35 hours

July 1996

All industries

TotalUsuallywork

full time

Usuallywork

part time

Nonagricultural industries

TotalUsuallywork

full time

Usuallywork

part time


Economic reasonsSlack work or business conditionsCould only find part-time workSeasonal workJob started or ended during week

Noneconomic reasonsChild-care problemsOther family or personal obligationsHealth or medical limitationsIn school or trainingRetired or Social Security limit on earningsVacation or personal dayHoliday, legal or religiousWeather-related curtailmentAll other reasons

Average hours:Economic reasonsOther reasons

28,512

4,6462,5531,755

184153

23,866666

5,093650

3,9811,7274,735

193406

6,415

22.721.4

9,780

1,4651,184

128153

8,31521

654

45

4,735193406

2,261

23.123.9

18,732

3,1811,3681,755

57

15,551645

4,439650

3,9371,727

4,154

22.520.1

27,437

4,4412,4371,701

160143

22,996654

4,901620

3,8511,6024,637

191345

6,195

22.821.5

9,489

1,4031,143

117143

8,08622

635

44

4,637191345

2,212

23.124.0

17,948

3,0391,2951,701

43

14,910633

4,266620

3,8061,602

3,983

22.720.2

28



A-23. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status


Industry and class of worker

July 1996

Totalat

work

Worked 1 to 34 hours

TotalFor

economicreasons

For noneconomicreasons

Usuallyworkfull

time

Usuallyworkparttime

Worked35 hoursor more

Average hours

Totalat

work

Persons whousually work

full time

Total 16 years and over

Wage and salary workers

Mining

Construction

ManufacturingDurable goodsNondurable goods

Transportation and public utilities ...Wholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estate

Service industriesPrivate householdsAll other industries

Public administration

Self-employed workersUnpaid family workers

114,205

105,665

500

6,532

18,678

11,0747,604

7,96924,1517,153

35,070921

34,1495,612

8,406134

27,437

24,590

51

1,124

2,3661,2731,093

1,2377,5961,296

10,072512

9,559849

2,77671

4,441

3,975

7

351

339132207

2281,406

112

1,491106

1,38542

4624

8,086

7,496

40

456

1,377868509

5591,193

542

2,77348

2,725554

57713

14,910

13,120

5

317

649272377

4504,996

642

5,808359

5,449253

1,73753

86,768

81,075

448

5,409

16,3129,8016,511

6,73216,5555,857

24,998408

24,5904,763

5,63063

39.4

39.4

46.7

41.5

42.142.441.5

42.037.740.2

37.629.737.941.1

39.734.6

43.0

42.7

47.2

43.2

42.943.042.8

43.743.442.4

41.841.941.842.3

46.744.1

29



A-24. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status


Age, sex, race, and marital status

July 1996

Totalat

work


TotalFor

economicreasons


Usuallyworkfulltime

Usuallyworkparttime


Average hours

Totalat

work


full time

TOTAL





Men, 16 years and over16 to 19 years




Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years




Race

White, 16 years and overMenWomen

Black, 16 years and overMenWomen

Marital status

Men, 16 years and over:Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

Women, 16 years and over:Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

114,2057,2813,0054,276

106,92411,68695,23882,33212,906

62,8093,6681,4802,188

59,1416,352

52,79045,432

7,358

51,3963,6141,5252,088

47,7825,334

42,44836,9005,548

96,59153,93142,660

12,4886,0766,412

37,9586,924

17,926

27,15010,19914,047

27,4374,3222,2772,045

23,1153,266

19,84915,6364,213

10,5721,9481,044

9048,6241,4337,1915,2921,899

16,8652,3741,2331,141

14,4911,833

12,65810,3442,314

23,4568,927

14,530

2,8021,0781,724

4,8691,0794,624

8,9702,6925,204

4,441779328451

3,662744

2,9182,563

356

2,164360162198

1,804413

1,3911,210

181

2,278420166253

1,858331

1,5271,353

174

3,5861,7621,825

629291337

817251

1,096

803485990

8,08633798

2387,749

7367,0136,029

984

4,06018353

1313,877

3493,5282,988

540

4,02615446

1083,872

3873,4853,041

444

6,7863,5043,282

967390576

2,550484

1,027

2,185922919

14,9103,2061,8501,356

11,7031,7869,9187,0442,874

4,3481,405

830575

2,943671

2,2721,0941,178

10,5621,8011,021

7808,7611,1157,6465,9501,696

13,0843,6619,423

1,207397810

1,503344

2,501

5,9821,2853,295

86,7682,959

7282,231

83,8098,420

75,38966,6968,693

52,2371,720

4361,284

50,5174,919

45,59840,140

5,458

34,5311,239

292947

33,2913,501

29,79026,5563,234

73,13545,00428,131

9,6854,9974,688

33,0895,845

13,303

18,1807,5078,843

39.429.625.032.840.137.640.441.036.4

42.431.226.634.343.139.643.544.239.1

35.827.923.531.236.435.336.637.132.9

39.542.735.6

38.540.536.6

43.942.739.0

35.637.834.9

43.039.838.140.443.141.543.243.442.1

44.540.539.240.944.742.644.945.143.5

40.638.936.539.740.740.040.840.939.9

43.244.840.7

41.142.639.6

45.244.443.0

40.640.940.5

30



A-25. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status


Occupation and sex

July 1996

Totalat

work


TotalFor

economicreasons


Usuallyworkfull

time

Usuallyworkparttime


Average hours

Totalat

work


full time

Total, 16 years and over1






Men, 16 years and over1



Service occupationsPrivate householdProtective serviceService, except private household and protective ,

Precision production, craft, and repairOperators, fabricators, and laborers ,


Women, 16 years and over1 ,






113,940

31,76517,00514,75935,563

3,75214,87016,94116,483

8032,210

13,47012,93517,1947,1714,8735,150

62,371

17,2929,6637,629

13,0911,8777,5463,6687,081

451,8105,225

11,75213,1564,4384,5234,194

51,569

14,4737,3427,131

22,4721,8757,324

13,2739,403

758400

8,2451,1834,0382,733

349956

27,384

6,3772,4573,9199,724

8254,3534,5476,057

453303

5,3001,8503,3771,083

7751,518

10,425

2,4251,0621,3632,198

2871,220

6911,926

38206

1,6821,5542,322

527652

1,143

16,959

3,9521,3962,5567,526

5383,1333,8554,131

41597

3,619296

1,054556124375

4,412

608146462

1,228100630497

1,2038838

1,076476898273211413

2,133

27672

20435040

208102420

424

392444644137186321

2,280

33274

25887861

4223957838415

68432

2541362693

8,032

2,7151,2421,4742,417317813

1,28791039105766922

1,068492252324

4,010

1,342668674806168377261351

475

271793718256224238

4,022

1,373573800

1,612149436

1,02655935294951293502372786

14,939

3,0541,0701,9846,079408

2,9092,7623,944326160

3,458452

1,411317312781

4,282

807322485

1,04379

635329

1,15530107

1,018317960134242585

10,657

2,247748

1,4985,036328

2,2742,4342,78929653

2,44013545018371196

86,557

25,38814,54810,84025,8392,92710,51712,39410,427

3501,9078,17011,08613,8186,0894,0973,632

51,946

14,8678,6026,26510,8931,5906,3262,9765,155

71,6043,54410,19810,8343,9113,8723,051

34,610

10,5215,9474,57514,9461,3374,1919,4185,271343303

4,626888

2,9842,177226581

39.4

41.643.839.037.839.139.036.535.529.443.434.642.140.540.743.737.2

42.4

44.846.342.842.441.743.939.738.6

(2)44.736.642.541.441.944.337.6

35.8

37.840.535.035.236.634.035.633.229.837.333.337.937.738.736.435.3

43.0

44.245.642.542.141.644.640.341.841.845.441.043.242.941.945.941.3

44.6

46.247.444.744.842.846.742.243.4

(2)46.442.143.543.642.846.241.5

40.6

41.543.139.540.240.341.539.640.442.040.440.240.740.340.341.340.3

Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations. Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

31



A-26. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex

Marital status, race, and age

Men

Thousands ofpersons

July1995

July1996

Unemploymentrates

July1995

July1996

Women

Thousands ofpersons

July1995

July1996

Unemploymentrates

July1995

July1996

Total, 16 years and overMarried, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

White, 16 years and over ....Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

Black, 16 years and over ....Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

Total, 25 years and overMarried, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

White, 25 years and over ....Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

Black, 25 years and over ....Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

3,9931,393

5152,085

2,8681,114

3921,363

86719296

579

2,4201,281

483656

1,8481,030

368450

43416694

175

3,9821,251

4932,238

2,8541,004

3611,489

927178114635

2,3381,158

465715

1,730935340455

484159111215

5.53.26.49.8

4.62.95.97.9

11.85.98.8

19.3

4.03.16.26.5

3.62.85.75.6

7.55.38.7

11.0

5.42.96.1

10.2

4.52.65.38.4

12.35.3

10.720.4

3.82.75.96.6

3.32.55.25.3

8.14.9

10.512.7

3,8991,438

7711,690

2,7831,191

5731,019

915180164571

2,4101,285

695431

1,7891,056

516218

495167154175

3,7111,273

7871,652

2,6161,024

5391,054

878140208530

2,3801,119

735526

1,679898507275

552120191242

6.34.36.4

10.2

5.44.16.08.0

11.96.98.4

18.1

4.84.16.05.7

4.23.85.64.0

8.06.88.09.8

5.93.86.59.8

5.13.55.68.2

10.95.2

10.116.1

4.63.56.36.6

3.93.25.45.0

8.44.79.6

12.0

32



A-27. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex

Occupation

Thousands ofpersons

Total

July1995

July1996

Unemployment rates

Total

July1995

July1996

Men

July1995

July1996

Women

July1995

July1996





Precision production, craft, and repairMechanics and repairersConstruction tradesOther precision production, craft, and repair

Operators, fabricators, and laborersMachine operators, assemblers, and inspectorsTransportation and material moving occupationsHandlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Construction laborersOther handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers


No previous work experience16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 years and over

7,892

1,011398613

1,784118837828

1,48990

1001,299

844168495181

1,616715336565116449

279

838642

96

7,693

990431559

1,862104848910

1,44884

1121,252

718152387179

1,541667282592126466

225

882651106125

5.9

2.82.23.3

4.52.85.24.3

8.09.74.18.5

5.83.78.54.3

8.28.66.19.7

11.19.4

6.3

5.6

2.72.33.0

4.62.55.14.7

7.58.94.57.9

5.03.26.94.3

7.77.85.09.9

11.19.6

5.2

5.5

2.52.12.9

3.52.03.44.4

7.6(2)4.08.9

5.73.68.43.9

7.26.15.79.9

10.59.7

6.0

5.4

2.52.32.8

3.62.13.54.6

7.7(2)4.48.7

4.93.46.93.6

7.16.64.8

10.010.79.8

4.9

6.3

3.12.43.7

5.03.66.94.2

8.29.14.38.3

6.54.4

13.65.8

11.512.610.28.9(2)8.4

7.5

5.9

2.82.33.2

5.22.96.74.7

7.48.85.07.4

5.5

7.86.4

9.59.77.99.6(2)9.1

6.4

1 Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the ArmedForces.


33



A-28. Unemployed persons by industry and sex

Industry

Thousands ofpersons

Total

July1995

July1996

Unemployment rates

Total

July1995

July1996

Men

July1995

July1996

Women

July1995

July1996


Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

MiningConstruction

ManufacturingDurable goods

Lumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery and computing equipmentElectrical machinery, equipment, and suppliesTransportation equipment

AutomobilesOther transportation equipment ,

Professional and photographic equipmentOther durable goods industries

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsRubber and miscellaneous plastics productsOther nondurable goods industries

Transportation and public utilitiesTransportationCommunications and other public utilities

Wholesale and retail tradeWholesale tradeRetail trade

Finance, insurance, and real estateService industries

Professional servicesOther service industries

Agricultural wage and salary workersGovernment, self-employed, and unpaid family workersNo previous work experience

7,892

5,918

20600

1,115601

31301632807591

162110523648

51412052

1052482466322

340239101

1,743176

1,567258

1,842706

1,137

193942838

7,693

5,698

13538

1,00854739321627838485

11874442637

46213034812969544619

330242

881,747

1861,561

2191,842

7781,064

158955882

5.9

5.8

3.39.0

5.34.94.24.72.73.85.93.14.57.18.35.34.67.95.96.68.0

10.43.04.53.57.05.7

4.85.53.66.73.67.33.45.73.78.4

8.63.2

5.6

5.5

2.47.9

4.84.45.04.52.93.66.03.44.24.95.34.53.35.95.37.05.38.03.93.84.05.25.4

4.55.43.26.43.87.02.95.64.07.8

7.03.2

5.5

5.6

3.69.2

4.34.14.05.23.02.84.33.13.76.37.35.01.76.14.66.44.94.92.95.21.76.62.7

4.65.23.65.82.86.73.16.13.88.0

7.72.5

5.4

5.3

2.98.0

4.24.14.54.92.83.25.72.93.85.05.93.74.14.54.46.33.37.03.33.82.54.35.5

4.15.02.45.92.76.92.85.73.77.4

7.02.7

6.3

6.1

1.47.4

7.47.05.43.81.59.2

10.73.15.89.8

11.76.7

10.110.57.87.1

11.512.73.43.66.87.7

11.4

5.16.53.57.65.47.93.65.43.78.9

11.73.9

5.9

5.7

6.6

5.95.16.83.73.35.57.25.14.94.83.47.12.27.96.78.57.58.45.23.77.26.85.3

5.66.64.57.16.27.22.95.54.28.2

6.93.8

34



Table A-29. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race


Reason

Total,16 yearsand over

July1995

July1996

Men,20 yearsand over

July1995

July1996

Women,20 yearsand over

July1995

July1996

Both sexes,16 to 19

years

July1995

July1996

White

July1995

July1996

Black

July1995

July1996


Total unemployedJob losers and persons who completed temporary jobs .


Permanent job losersPersons who completed temporary jobs



Total unemployedJob losers and persons who completed temporary jobs



UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THECIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobsJob leaversReentrantsNew entrants

7,8923,4701,0942,3761,6683861

2,723838

100.044.013.930.110.934.510.6

2.6.62.0.6

7,6933,323974

2,3491,686663772

2,716882

100.043.212.730.510.035.311.5

2.4.6

2.0.6

3,0771,917495

1,4221,02140235673569

100.062.316.146.211.623.92.2

2.8.51.1.1

3,0201,832452

1,3801,00137928282978

100.060.615.045.79.327.42.6

2.7.41.2.1

3,1001,343541801581221392

1,238127

100.043.317.525.912.739.94.1

2.3.7

2.2.2

3,0521,313457856620235410

1,176153

100.043.015.028.013.438.55.0

2.3.7

2.0.3

1,715210581529261114749642

100.012.33.48.96.643.737.4

2.21.27.76.6

1,62017965114654879

711651

100.011.04.07.04.9

43.940.2

1.8.87.36.7

5,6512,663894

1,7691,300469694

1,782513

100.047.115.831.312.331.59.1

2.3.61.6.5

5,4702,441788

1,6531,222431617

1,869543

100.044.614.430.211.334.29.9

2.1.51.6.5

1,782617145472290182120784261

100.034.68.1

26.56.7

44.014.6

4.1.85.21.7

1,805722140583389194123689270

100.040.07.7

32.36.8

38.215.0

4.6.84.41.7

35



A-30. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment

(Percent distribution)

Reason, sex, and age

July 1996

Total unemployed

Thousandsof persons Percent

Duration of unemployment

Less than5 weeks

5 to 14weeks

15 weeks and over

Total 15 to 26weeks

27 weeksand over


Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobsOn temporary layoffNot on temporary layoff















7,693

3,323974

2,3491,686

663772

2,716882

3,020

1,832452

1,3801.001

379282829

78

3,052

1,313457856620235410

1,176153

1,620

17965

114654879

711651

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

38.2

39.762.730.128.634.246.533.240.9

33.7

35.564.126.125.228.539.329.418.6

39.4

42.458.234.032.238.647.433.139.8

44.4

62.9(1)

50.4OO

67.837.843.8

33.0

29.226.430.429.732.031.435.441.4

29.2

28.020.630.428.535.429.131.038.5

32.2

31.533.530.431.427.933.433.128.5

41.6

24.8029.10O

29.744.344.8

28.8

31.110.939.541.733.822.031.417.7

37.1

36.515.343.546.336.131.639.642.9

28.4

26.18.3

35.636.433.519.233.831.7

13.9

12.4020.60O2.5

18.011.4

10.7

12.84.9

16.117.213.38.8

10.35.5

13.4

14.87.3

17.319.312.011.410.912.6

10.2

10.73.5

14.513.916.28.2

10.86.4

6.6

8.4014.20O2.58.64.5

18.1

18.36.0

23.424.520.513.321.112.2

23.7

21.78.0

26.227.024.120.228.630.4

18.2

15.44.8

21.122.517.311.123.025.3

7.3

4.0(1)6.40O9.46.9


A-31. Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment

Duration of unemployment

Total 16 years and over

Less than 5 weeks5 to 14 weeks

5 to 10 weeks11 to 14 weeks

15 weeks and over15 to 26 weeks27 weeks and over


Averaae (mean) duration in weeksMedian duration in weeks

Total


July1995

7,892

2,9012,7782.056

7222.213

9171,295

611685

15.77.8

July1996

7,693

2,9412,5401,844

6962,212

8221,391

689701

16.17.7


July1995

100.0

36.835.226.19.1

28.011.616.47.78.7

July1996

100.0

38.233.024.09.0

28.810.718.19.09.1

Full-time workers


July1995

6,418

2,2232,2441,649

5951,951

8011,150

553597

16.78.4

July1996

6,306

2,2662.0181,423

5952,022

7471,276

639637

17.48.5


July1995

100.0

34.635.025.79.3

30.412.517.98.69.3

July1996

100.0

35.932.022.69.4

32.111.820.210.110.1

36



A-32. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment

Sex, age, race, andmarital status

July 1996


TotalLessthan

5 weeks

5 to 14weeks

15 weeks and over

Total15 to 26weeks

27 weeksand over

Weeks

Average(mean)duration

Medianduration

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

Men, 16 years and over ,16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

Race

White, 16 years and overMenWomen

Black, 16 years and overMenWomen

Marital status

Men, 16 years and over:Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separated ...Single (never married)

Women, 16 years and over:Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separated ...Single (never married)

7,6931,6201,3551,8091,483

810473143

3,982961682879703419263

74

3,711659672930781390210

69

5,4702,8542,616

1,805927878

1,251493

2,238

1,273787

1,652

2,94172066662448425913848

1,4304113362592391016816

1,5113093313652451587133

2,1721,0331,139

602334268

358176897

553279679

2,54067440760544722514338

1,2844021772951971227119

1,2562732303102501037119

1,794903891

624306319

398132754

396245615

2,21222628157955132619257

1,26814817032426619612439

94578

1112552861306817

1,504918586

578288290

495186587

324263358

8221071232381781163920

473696515191632212

3493858878654178

593351242

1859788

17675

222

10196

151

1,39111915834137421015337

79579

10517317413310228

5964054

16819977519

911567344

393190203

319111365

222167207

16.19.9

11.916.120.721.323.222.1

17.510.813.517.521.225.326.5O

14.58.5

10.414.820.317.019.1O

15.517.912.8

17.016.018.2

20.819.015.4

14.218.312.9

7.75.44.88.59.610.510.69.4

8.45.85.19.59.7

13.413.0

O7.04.94.77.69.68.18.80

7.48.46.2

8.78.29.2

10.410.07.2

6.88.26.7


37



A-33. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

Occupation and industry

July 1996


TotalLessthan

5 weeks

5 to 14weeks

15 weeks and over

Total15 to 26weeks

27 weeksand over

Weeks

Average(mean)duration

Medianduration

OCCUPATION

Managerial and professional specialtyTechnical, sales, and administrative supportService occupationsPrecision production, craft, and repairOperators, fabricators, and laborersFarming, forestry, and fishing

INDUSTRY1

AgricultureConstructionManufacturing


Transportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServicesPublic administration

No previous work experience

9901,8621,448

7181,541

225

158551

1,013551462371

1,764221

2,254171

882

37169657926956980

6024533720113713264792

87664

361

33761748118646481

591292951511441206215377041

365

28254938826250863

381773812001811194967560866

156

1132041559618915

1355141717151

21618

21926

49

16934523416631948

251212391291106828157

38939

107

15.515.615.618.518.016.4

13.116.719.719.020.415.015.119.815.919.1

13.2

8.18.07.39.18.48.1

7.26.89.79.79.88.57.88.07.59.7

6.1

1 Includes wage and salary workers only.

A-34. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex

(In thousands)

Category

Total

July1995

July1996

Age

16 to 24years

July1995

July1996

25 to 54years

July1995

July1996

55 yearsand over

July1995

July1996

Sex

Men

July July1995 1996

Women

July1995

July1996

Total not in the labor forceDo not want a job now1

Want a job1

Did not search for work in previous year.Searched for work in previous year2

Not available to work nowAvailable to work now

Reason not currently looking:Discouragement over job prospects3

Reasons other than discouragementFamily responsibilitiesIn school or trainingIll health or disabilityOther4

64,17558,8825,2923,0462,247

6791,568

4561,112

173107114717

64,36959,1735,1963,0952,101

6111,490

4231,068

192155106614

8,3346,5161,817

966852292560

156404

347425

271

8,6336,8831,750

942808240568

159409

3513225

217

19,18516,5772,6081,4511,157

336821

2106111313072

378

18,91016,3092,6011,4871,114

351762

2085551442466

321

36,65635,789

867629238

51187

909774

1769

36,82535,980

84566617919

160

5610413

1575

22,44820,411

2,0361,060

976241735

290445

184452

331

22,42920,391

2,0371,180

857196661

224437

4110038

258

41,72738,4713,2561,9851,271

438832

1666661556462 i

386

41,94038,781

3,1591,9151,244

414830

1996311515669

356

1 Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.2 Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since

the end of that job.3 Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of

discrimination.4 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for

such reasons as child care and transportation problems, as well as a smallnumber for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.

38



A-35. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics


Characteristic

Both sexes

Number

July1995

July1996

Rate1

July1995

July1996

Men

Number

July1995

July1996

Rate1

July1995

July1996

Women

Number

July1995

July1996

Rate1

July1995

July1996

AGE


16 to 19 years20 years and over20 to 24 years25 years and over

25 to 54 years55 years and over55 to 64 years65 years and over

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

WhiteBlackHispanic origin

MARITAL STATUS

Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Primary job full time, secondary job part time ....Primary and secondary jobs both part timePrimary and secondary jobs both full timeHours vary on primary or secondary job

7,779600

7,179916

6,2635,692

572483

88

6,859690394

4,2281,1512,401

4,4761,626

3021,325

7,642556

7,086872

6,2155,546

668537131

6,704656433

4,1671,1192,355

4,2011,675

2811,443

6.17.56.17.05.96.33.84.32.5

6.35.23.5

5.76.17.0

5.96.95.96.95.86.04.44.63.6

6.14.83.7

5.65.96.7

4,341296

4,045481

3,5643,242

32227448

3,832382250

2,670425

1,246

2,745592217761

4,197232

3,965440

3,5253,137

388289

3,682378267

2,575384

1,238

2,587547207828

6.37.06.36.86.26.63.94.42.4

6.55.93.6

6.35.66.5

6.05.56.06.46.06.34.54.54.6

6.15.73.7

6.15.06.3

3,439305

3,134435

2,6992,450

25021040

3,026308144

1,558726

1,155

1,7321,034

85564

3,444323

3,121432

2,6892,409

28024833

3,021278166

1,592735

1,117

1,6151,128

74615

5.98.15.87.35.65.93.84.12.6

6.24.53.2

4.96.57.7

5.98.35.77.55.55.74.24.82.2

6.23.93.6

4.96.57.3

1 Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specifiedgroup.

2 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primaryjob and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum tototals because data for the "other races" group are not presented andHispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

A-36. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age


Veteran statusand age

Civiliannoninstitutional

population

July1995

July1996


Total

July1995

July

Employed

July1995

July1996

Unemployed

Number

July1995

July1996

Percent oflabor force

July1995

July1996

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS



55 years and over

NONVETERANS

Total, 40 to 54 years40 to 44 years45 to 49 years50 to 54 years

7,5936,5111,4963,1751,8401,082

17,2308,0205,2034,007

7,7216,4371,2292,9912,2171,284

18,3328,5635,9083,862

6,6395,9381,3612,9101,667

701

15,5337,4094,6983,425

6,6375,8821,1142,7442,024

755

16,6347,9005,4123,322

6,3625,6821,2772,7941,611

679

15,0047,1314,5623,310

6,4505,7101,0862,6631,961

740

16,0877,6175,2293,242

27825684

1165622

529278136115

18617228816314

54728318380

4.24.36.24.03.43.1

3.43.72.93.4

2.82.92.53.03.11.9

3.33.63.42.4

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in theArmed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans

are men who have never served in the Armed Forces.

39


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT

B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1946 to date

(In thousands)

Yearand

monthTotal Total

private

Goods-producing

Total Mining Construc-tion

Manufac-turing

Service-producing

Total

Transpor-tationand

publicutilities

Whole-saletrade

Retailtrade

Finance,insurance,

andreal

estate

Services

Government

Federal State Local

Annual averages

1946194719481949

19501951195219531954195519561957195819592

1960196119621963196419651966196719681969

1970197119721973197419751976197719781979

1980198119821983198419851986198719881989

199019911992199319941995

1995:JulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember

1996:JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJunePJulyP

41,65243,85744,86643,754

45,19747,81948,79350.20248,99050,64152,36952,85551,32253,270

54,18953,99955,54956,65358,28360,76363,90165,80367,89770,384

70,88071,21173,67576,79078,26576,94579,38282,47186,69789,823

90,40691,15289,54490,15294,40897,38799,344

101,958105,210107,895

109,419108,256108,604110,730114,172117,203

36,05638,38239,21637,897

39,17041,43042,18543,55642,23843,72745,09145,23943,48345,186

45,83645,40446,66047,42948,66650,68953,11654,41356,05858,189

58,32558,33160,34163,05864,09562,25964,51167,34471,02673,876

74,16675,12173,70774,28278,38480,99282,65184,94887,82490,117

91,11589,85489,95991,88995,04497,892

17,24818,50918,77417,565

18,50619,95920,19821,07419,75120,51321,10420,96719,51320,411

20,43419,85720,45120,64021,00521,92623,15823,30823,73724,361

23,57822,93523,66824,89324,79422,60023,35224,34625,58526,461

25,65825,49723,81223,33024,71824,84224,53324,67425,12525,254

24,90523,74523,23123,35223,90824,206

862955994930

901929898866791792822828751732

712672650635634632627613606619

623609628642697752779813851958

1,0271,1391,128

952966927777717713692

709689635610601580

1,6832,0092,1982,194

2,3642,6372,6682,6592,6462,8393,0392,9622,8173,004

2,9262,8592,9483,0103,0973,2323,3173,2483,3503,575

3,5883,7043,8894,0974,0203,5253,5763,8514,2294,463

4,3464,1883,9043,9464,3804,6684,8104,9585,0985,171

5,1204,6504,4924,6684,9865,158

14,70315,54515,58214,441

15,24116,39316,63217,54916,31416,88217,24317,17615,94516,675

16,79616,32616,853

17,27418,06219,21419,44719,78120,167

19,36718,62319,15120,15420,07718,32318,99719,68220,50521,040

20,28520,17018,78018,43219,37219,24818,94718,99919,31419,391

19,07618,40618,10418,07518,32118,468

24,40425,34826,09226,189

26,69127,86028,59529,12829,23930,12831,26431,88931,81132,857

33,75534,14235,09836,01337,27838,83940,74342,49544,15846,023

47,30248,27650,00751,89753,47154,34556,03058,12561,11363,363

64,74865,65565,73266,82169,69072,54474,81177,28480,08682,642

84,51484,51185,37387,37890,26492,997

4,0614,1664,1894,001

4,0344,2264,2484,2904,0844,1414,2444,2413,9764,011

4,0043,9033,9063,9033,9514,0364,1584,2684,3184,442

4,5154,4764,5414,6564,7254,5424,5824,7134,9235,136

5,1465,1655,0814,9525,1565,2335,2475,3625,5145,625

5,7935,7625,7215,8295,9936,165

2,2982,4782,6122,610

2,6432,7352,8212,8622,8752,9343,0273,0372,9893,092

3,1533,1423,2073,2583,3473,4773,6083,7003,7913,919

4,0064,0144,1274,2914,4474,4304,5624,7234,9855,221

5,2925,3755,2955,2835,5685,7275,7615,8486,0306,187

6,1736,0815,9975,9816,1626,412

6,0776,4776,6596,654

6,7437,0077,1847,3857,3607,6017,8317,8487,7618,035

8,2388,1958,3598,5208,8129,2399,6379,906

10,30810,785

11,03411,33811,82212,31512,53912,63013,19313,79214,55614,972

15,01815,17115,15815,58716,51217,31517,88018,42219,02319,475

19,60119,28419,35619,77320,50721,173

1,6751,7281,8001,828

1,8881,9562,0352,1112,2002,2982,3892,4382,4812,549

2,6282,6882,7542,8302,9112,9773,0583,1853,3373,512

3,6453,7723,9084,0464,1484,1654,2714,4674,7244,975

5,1605,2985,3405,4665,6845,9486,2736,5336,6306,668

6,7096,6466,6026,7576,8966,830

4,6975,0255,1815,239

5,3565,5475,6995,8355,9696,2406,4976,7086,7657,087

7,3787,6197,9828,2778,6609,0369,498

10,04510,56711,169

11,54811,79712,27612,85713,44113,89214,55115,30216,25217,112

17,89018,61519,02119,66420,74621,92722,95724,11025,50426,907

27,93428,33629,05230,19731,57933,107

2,2541,8921,8631,908

1,9282,3022,4202,3052,1882,1872,2092,2172,1912,233

2,2702,2792,3402,3582,3482,3782,5642,7192,7372,758

2,7312,6962,6842,6632,7242,7482,7332,7272,7532,773

2,8662,7722,7392,7742,8072,8752,8992,9432,9712,988

3,0852,9662,9692,9152,8702,822

(1)(1)(1)(1)

(')(1)(1)0o(1)V)

1,3281,4151,484

1,5361,6071,6681,7471,8561,9962,1412,3022,4422,533

2,6642,7472,8592,9233,0393,1793,2733,3773,4743,541

3,6103,6403,6403,6623,7343,8323,8933,9674,0764,182

4,3054,3554,4084,4884,5764,642

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted

117,201117,499117,623117,749117,899118,136

118,070118,579118,737118,928119,335119,555119,748

97,88198,13098,29898,41098,56198,789

98,73499,21499,34399,53199,877

100,101100,257

24,17124,17924,17624,15124,13324,160

24,11224,25424,19624,20924,26224,27824,279

578576574573569570

569573574573576574570

5,1465,1645,1875,2005,2115,223

5,2345,3495,3405,3535,3845,4065,431

18,44718,43918,41518,37818,35318,367

18,30918,33218,28218,28318,30218,29818,278

93,03093,32093,44793,59893,76693,976

93,95894,32594,54194,71995,07395,27795,469

6,1606,1876,1946,2126,2336,249

6,2546,2706,2896,2946,3116,3296,336

6,4276,4376,4516,4656,4786,498

6,5126,5296,5486,5506,5676,5776,589

21,19621,22521,25821,26321,30021,334

21,26821,34021,34321,42221,49921,58521,674

6,8216,8336,8426,8596,8716,887

6,8946,9196,9326,9426,9646,9686,987

33,10633,26933,37733,46033,54633,661

33,69433,90234,03534,11434,27434,36434,392

2,8252,8222,8122,8012,7962,790

2,7832,7802,7802,7772,7762,7562,753

4,6454,6384,6384,6364,6344,634

4,6254,6364,6404,6454,6554,6454,652

o(1)(')o

(oo(1)o

4,0714,2304,366

4,5474,7084,8815,1215,3925,7006,0806,3716,6606,904

7,1587,4377,7908,1468,4078,7588,8659,0239,4469,633

9,7659,6199,4589,4349,4829,6879,901

10,10010,33910,609

10,91411,08111,26711,43811,68211,847

11,85011,90911,87511,90211,90811,923

11,92811,94911,97411,97512,02712,05312,086

1 Not available.2 Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an

increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmarkmonth.

P = preliminary.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1995benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusteddata (beginning April 1995) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January1992) are subject to revision.

41


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS

B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarmpayrolls by major industry, 1964 to date

Year andmonth

Total private1

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Mining

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Construction

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Annual averages

196419651966196719681969

1970197119721973197419751976197719781979

1980198119821983198419851986198719881989

199019911992199319941995


1996:January ....February ...MarchAprilMayJune"July"

38.738.838.638.037.837.7

37.136.937.036.936.536.136.136.035.835.7

35.335.234.835.035.234.934.834.834.734.6

34.534.334.434.534.734.5

$2.362.462.562.682.853.04

3.233.453.703.944.244.534.865.255.696.16

6.667.257.688.028.328.578.768.989.289.66

10.0110.3210.5710.8311.1211.44

$91.3395.4598.82

101.84107.73114.61

119.83127.31136.90145.39154.76163.53175.45189.00203.70219.91

235.10255.20267.26280.70292.86299.09304.85312.50322.02334.24

345.35353.98363.61373.64385.86394.68

41.942.342.742.642.643.0

42.742.442.642.441.941.942.443.443.443.0

43.343.742.742.543.343.442.242.442.343.0

44.144.443.944.344.844.7

$2.812.923.053.193.353.60

3.854.064.444.755.235.956.466.947.678.49

9.1710.0410.7711.2811.6311.9812.4612.5412.8013.26

13.6814.1914.5414.6014.8815.30

$117.74123.52130.24135.89142.71154.80

164.40172.14189.14201.40219.14249.31273.90301.20332.88365.07

397.06438.75459.88479.40503.58519.93525.81531.70541.44570.18

603.29630.04638.31646.78666.62683.91

37.237.437.637.737.337.9

37.337.236.536.836.636.436.836.536.837.0

37.036.936.737.137.837.737.437.837.937.9

38.238.138.038.538.938.8

$3.553.703.894.114.414.79

5.245.696.066.416.817.317.718.108.669.27

9.9410.8211.6311.9412.1312.3212.4812.7113.0813.54

13.7714.0014.1514.3814.7315.08

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

34.834.834.634.734.434.5

33.434.134.234.134.334.934.6

$11.3911.3711.5511.6011.5911.61

11.7111.6911.6911.7511.7311.7511.74

$396.37395.68399.63402.52398.70400.55

391.11398.63399.80400.68402.34410.08406.20

44.544.745.445.444.845.0

43.845.145.044.945.246.044.9

$15.3415.2915.3515.3415.3515.54

15.6315.6215.5115.5515.4415.5715.61

$682.63683.46696.89696.44687.68699.30

684.59704.46697.95698.20697.89716.22700.89

40.039.839.940.138.638.1

36.738.138.138.638.839.639.8

$15.1415.2015.3415.3415.2415.13

15.2415.1415.1315.1915.2715.3315.51

$132.06138.38146.26154.95164.49181.54

195.45211.67221.19235.89249.25266.08283.73295.65318.69342.99

367.78399.26426.82442.97458.51464.46466.75480.44495.73513.17

526.01533.40537.70553.63573.00585.10

$605.60604.96612.07615.13588.26576.45

559.31576.83576.45586.33592.48607.07617.30


42



B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarmpayrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued

Year andmonth

Manufacturing

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Hourlyearnings,excludingovertime

Weeklyearnings

Transportation and publicutilities

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Wholesale trade

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Annual averages

196419651966196719681969

1970197119721973197419751976197719781979

1980198119821983198419851986198719881989

199019911992199319941995

40.741.241.440.640.740.6

39.839.940.540.740.039.540.140.340.440.2

39.739.838.940.140.740.540.741.041.141.0

40.840.741.041.442.041.6


1996:January ....February ...MarchAprilMayJunep

July"

40.841.542.041.741.942.0

39.841.341.341.241.641.941.1

$2.532.612.712.823.013.19

3.353.573.824.094.424.835.225.686.176.70

7.277.998.498.839.199.549.739.91

10.1910.48

10.8311.1811.4611.7412.0712.37

$12.3912.3512.4712.4312.4912.60

12.6612.5712.5412.7312.7112.7612.83

$2.432.502.592.712.883.05

3.233.453.663.914.254.675.025.445.916.43

7.027.728.258.528.829.169.349.489.7310.02

10.3710.7110.9511.1811.4311.74

$102.97107.53112.19114.49122.51129.51

133.33142.44154.71166.46176.80190.79209.32228.90249.27269.34

288.62318.00330.26354.08374.03386.37396.01406.31418.81429.68

441.86455.03469.86486.04506.94514.59

41.141.341.240.540.640.7

40.540.140.440.540.239.739.839.940.039.9

39.639.439.039.039.439.539.239.238.838.9

38.938.738.939.639.939.5

$2.893.033.113.233.423.63

3.854.214.655.025.415.886.456.997.578.16

8.879.70

10.3210.7911.1211.4011.7012.0312.2612.60

12.9713.2213.4513.6213.8614.23

$118.78125.14128.13130.82138.85147.74

155.93168.82187.86203.31217.48233.44256.71278.90302.80325.58

351.25382.18402.48420.81438.13450.30458.64471.58475.69490.14

504.53511.61523.21539.35553.01562.09

40.740.840.740.340.140.2

39.939.439.439.238.838.638.738.838.838.8

38.438.538.338.538.538.438.338.138.138.0

38.138.138.238.238.438.3

$2.522.602.732.873.043.23

3.433.643.854.074.384.725.025.395.886.39

6.957.558.088.548.889.159.349.599.98

10.39

10.7911.1511.3911.7412.0612.43


$11.8011.7111.7811.7811.8311.93

12.0611.9711.9412.1112.0812.1012.19

$505.51512.53523.74518.33523.33529.20

503.87519.14517.90524.48528.74534.64527.31

40.139.839.739.739.539.6

38.539.439.539.239.340.139.6

$14.2514.2414.3514.4614.4614.44

14.4514.4514.4414.4914.4314.4414.47

$571.43566.75569.70574.06571.17571.82

556.33569.33570.38568.01567.10579.04573.01

38.538.338.338.538.238.3

37.638.038.138.138.238.838.3

$12.4512.4012.5112.5512.5312.61

12.6512.6612.6712.7612.7212.8512.77

$102.56106.08111.11115.66121.90129.85

136.86143.42151.69159.54169.94182.19194.27209.13228.14247.93

266.88290.68309.46328.79341.88351.36357.72365.38380.24394.82

411.10424.82435.10448.47463.10476.07

$479.33474.92479.13483.18478.65482.96

475.64481.08482.73486.16485.90498.58489.09


43



B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarmpayrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued

Year andmonth

Retail trade

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Finance, insurance,and real estate

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Services

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Annual averages

196419651966196719681969

1970197119721973197419751976197719781979

1980198119821983198419851986198719881989

199019911992199319941995


1996:January ....February...MarchAprilMayJunep

July"

37.036.635.935.334.734.2

33.833.733.433.132.732.432.131.631.030.6

30.230.129.929.829.829.429.229.229.128.9

28.828.628.828.828.928.8

$1.751.821.912.012.162.30

2.442.602.752.913.143.363.573.854.204.53

4.885.255.485.745.855.946.036.126.316.53

6.756.947.127.297.497.69

$64.7566.6168.5770.9574.9578.66

82.4787.6291.8596.32

102.68108.86114.60121.66130.20138.62

147.38158.03163.85171.05174.33174.64176.08178.70183.62188.72

194.40198.48205.06209.95216.46221.47

37.337.237.337.137.037.1

36.736.636.636.636.536.536.436.436.436.2

36.236.336.236.236.536.436.436.335.935.8

35.835.735.835.835.835.9

$2.302.392.472.582.752.93

3.073.223.363.533.774.064.274.544.895.27

5.796.316.787.297.637.948.368.739.069.53

9.9710.3910.8211.3511.8312.33

$85.7988.9192.1395.72

101.75108.70

112.67117.85122.98129.20137.61148.19155.43165.26178.00190.77

209.60229.05245.44263.90278.50289.02304.30316.90325.25341.17

356.93370.92387.36406.33423.51442.65

36.135.935.535.134.734.7

34.433.933.933.833.633.533.333.032.832.7

32.632.632.632.732.632.532.532.532.632.6

32.532.432.532.532.532.4


29.729.528.928.828.629.0

27.528.228.528.428.729.429.6

$7.667.657.777.777.787.80

7.897.877.907.927.927.957.92

$227.50225.68224.55223.78222.51226.20

216.98221.93225.15224.93227.30233.73234.43

36.335.735.736.435.635.7

35.535.735.735.635.636.535.5

$12.3212.2812.4012.5312.4912.57

12.6212.7112.7412.7612.7512.7612.69

$447.22438.40442.68456.09444.64448.75

448.01453.75454.82454.26453.90465.74450.50

32.832.732.332.632.332.3

31.832.232.232.232.232.832.5

$1.942.052.172.292.422.61

2.813.043.273.473.754.024.314.654.995.36

5.856.416.927.317.597.908.188.498.889.38

9.8310.2310.5410.7811.0411.39

$11.2611.2211.4511.5411.5711.66

11.7311.7211.7211.7211.6811.6711.61

$70.0373.6077.0480.3883.9790.57

96.66103.06110.85117.29126.00134.67143.52153.45163.67175.27

190.71208.97225.59239.04247.43256.75265.85275.93289.49305.79

319.48331.45342.55350.35358.80369.04

$369.33366.89369.84376.20373.71376.62

373.01377.38377.38377.38376.10382.78377.33

1 Data relate to production workers in mining andmanufacturing; construction workers in construction; andnonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;and services.

p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected

from March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recentbenchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April1995 forward are subject to revision.

44


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENT

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Industry1995


1996

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Junep Julyp

Total

Total private

Goods-producing

MiningMetal miningCoal miningOil and gas extractionNonmetallic minerals, except fuels

ConstructionGeneral building contractorsHeavy construction, except buildingSpecial trade contractors

Manufacturing

Durable goodsLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industries

Blast furnaces and basic steelproducts

Fabricated metal productsIndustrial machinery and equipment...

Computer and office equipmentElectronic and other electrical

equipmentElectronic components and

accessoriesTransportation equipment

Motor vehicles and equipmentAircraft and parts

Instruments and related productsMiscellaneous manufacturing

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTobacco productsTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics products....Leather and leather products

Service-producing

Transportation and public utilitiesTransportation

Railroad transportationLocal and interurban passenger

transitTrucking and warehousingWater transportationTransportation by airPipelines, except natural gasTransportation services

Communications and public utilitiesCommunicationsElectric, gas, and sanitary services ....

Wholesale tradeDurable goodsNondurable goods


117,201

97,881

24,171

57851

105317105

5,1461,195749

3,202

18,447

10,647759502537707

2401,4372,062349

1,627

5821,790972450838388

7,8001,678

42663931692

1,5431,033144969105

93,030

6,1603,914236

4291,86717278415

4112,2461,334912

6,4273,7422,685

117,499

98,130

24,179

57651105314106

5,1641,194752

3,218

18,439

10,653761507536709

2411,4382,067351

1,625

5861,787972449835388

7,7861,676

43662922692

1,5411,031143972104

93,320

6,1873,936238

4321,87217578915

4152,2511,339912

6,4373,7522,685

117,623

98,298

24,176

57451104313106

5,1871,195756

3,236

18,415

10,648762506536707

2401,4372,066352

1,633

5911,780968447834387

7,7671,678

42657913690

1,5391,030142972104

93,447

6,1943,936236

4301,86817479615

4172,2581,346912

6,4513,7642,687

117,749

98,410

24,151

57351104312106

5,2001,198755

3,247

18,378

10,631762504536708

2401,4392,075355

1,637

5961,751966421832387

7,7471,676

42655901688

1,5381,031142971103

93,598

6,2123,947236

4311,87217380214

4192,2651,352913

6,4653,7782,687

117,899

98,561

24,133

56950103309107

5,2111,200751

3,260

18,353

10,628762504535710

2411,4412,079356

1,640

6001,737958417830390

7,7251,676

42652891686

1,5371,030140969102

93,766

6,2333,964236

4331,87817480814

4212,2691,358911

6,4783,7882,690

118,136

98,789

24,160

57051102310107

5,2231,202750

3,271

18,367

10,667763506534709

2401,4412,084357

1,645

6051,764959446831390

7,7001,674

41649883685

1,5351,025140967101

93,976

6,2493,977237

4361,87417282014

4242,2721,362910

6,4983,8022,696

118,070

98,734

24,112

56951101310107

5,2341,205741

3,288

18,309

10,643750503532709

2401,4422,085357

1,646

6091,757956446831388

7,6661,672

41640868684

1,5331,02614096498

93,958

6,2543,980235

4361,87417282214

4272,2741,367907

6,5123,8142,698

118,579

99,214

24,254

57351102313107

5,3491,218764

3,367

18,332

10,659756502536708

2401,4432,083

357

1,652

614

1,759. 957446831389

7,6731,675

41644873682

1,5311,02514096399

94,325

6,2703,994234

4391,87917182714

4302,2761,371905

6,5293,8262,703

118,737

99,343

24,196

57451101314108

5,3401,223769

3,348

18,282

10,623755500536706

2391,4422,087358

1,651

6141,726924445832388

7,6591,675

41642863681

1,5311,02714096099

94,541

6,2894,008233

4411,88317183414

4322,2811,378903

6,5483,8412,707

118,928

99,531

24,209

57351101314107

5,3531,227765

3,361

18,283

10,654761498534704

2381,4402,086358

1,650

6151,763958447832386

7,6291,666

41636859677

1,5271,02413996298

94,719

6,2944,015233

4421,88217383714

4342,2791,378901

6,5503,8442,706

119,335

99,877

24,262

5765;101316107

5,3841,229764

3,391

18,301

10,67976;500537705

2391,4432,087360

1,652

6151,77:965449834386

7,6231,664

41637853679

1,5251,02513996397

95,073

6,3114,028232

4501,89116783714

4372,2831,384899

6,5673,8502,717

119,555

100,101

24,278

5745;101314107

5,4061,235767

3,404

18,298

10,694767500536707

2391,4502,086359

1,652

6141,775967446835386

7,6041,647

41638848676

1,5281,02014096997

95,277

6,3294,044231

4531,89117184414

4402,2851,389896

6,5773,8572,720

119,748

100,257

24,279

57052100310108

5,4311,232768

3,431

18,278

10,687764498533699

2361,4572,088356

1,656

6151,774964451833385

7,5911,642

40637853674

1,5251,01913996597

95,469

6,3364,052230

4561,88917384814

4422,2841,393891

6,5893,8612,728


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENTSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted—Continued

(In thousands)

Industry1995


1996

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Junep | Julyp

!Retail trade

Building materials and garden suppliesGeneral merchandise stores

Department storesFood storesAutomotive dealers and service

stationsNew and used car dealers

Apparel and accessory storesFurniture and home furnishings stores ..Eating and drinking placesMiscellaneous retail establishments

Finance, insurance, and real estateFinance

Depository institutionsCommercial banksSavings institutions

Nondepository institutionsSecurity and commodity brokersHolding and other investment offices .

InsuranceInsurance carriersInsurance agents, brokers, and

serviceReal estate

Services1

Agricultural servicesHotels and other lodging placesPersonal servicesBusiness services

Services to buildingsPersonnel supply services

Help supply servicesComputer and data processing

servicesAuto repair, services, and parkingMiscellaneous repair servicesMotion picturesAmusement and recreation servicesHealth services

Offices and clinics of medical doctorsNursing and personal care facilities....HospitalsHome health care facilities

Legal servicesEducational servicesSocial services

Child day care servicesResidential care

Museums and botanical and zoologicalgardens

Membership organizationsEngineering and management services

Engineering and architectural servicesManagement and public relations ...

GovernmentFederal

Federal, except Postal ServiceState

EducationOther State government

LocalEducationOther local government

21,196869

2,6842,3533,367

2,188993

1,127943

7,3642,654

6,8213,2302,0231,465

273460519228

2,2371,541

6961,354

33,106579

1,6611,1676,763

8792,4422,157

1,0851,020

356493

1,4419,2591,6061,6933,780

628921

1,9632,322

567642

812,1342,755

814824

19,3202,8251,9824,6451,9462,699

11,8506,6095,241

21,225871

2,6792,3493,377

2,193996

1,126947

7,3782,654

6,8333,2352,0201,464

271466522227

2,2411,543

6981,357

33,269580

1,6621,1666,831

8862,4772,190

1,0981,025

356491

1,4519,2911,6111,6983,788

637922

1,9762,336

568643

812,1412,769

816833

19,3692,8221,9774,6381,9352,703

11,9096,6645,245

21,258873

2,6792,3503,379

2,199999

1,112950

7,3992,667

6,8423,2392,0201,464

270466524229

2,2441,544

7001,359

33,377581

1,6601,1646,877

8872,5082,216

1,1071,025

357501

1,4639,3181,6171,7033,793

6389231

1,96612,3591

569645

802,1312,781

818847 j

19,3252,8121,9654,6381,9352,703

11,8756,62815,247|

I

21,263873

2,7002,3763,379

2,2061,0021,109

9487,3912,657

6,8593,2482,0191,464

270473525231

2,2491,546

7031,362

33,460584

1,6561,1666,900

8872,5112,221

1,1161,035

355503

1,4729,3471,6231,7073,802

641923

1,9742,352

567646

812,1262,795

821852

19,3392,8011,9534,6361,9352,701

11,9026,6295,273

21,300878

2,6812,3493,395

2,2121,0051,111

9487,4132,662

6,8713,2562,0201,465

268478526232

2,2491,546

7031,366

33,546584

1,6481,1646,922

8882,5182,226

1,1251,039

358506

1,4719,3831,6301,7123,810

645924

1,9752,355

568646

822,1332,810

824860

19,3382,7961,9464,6341,9372,697

11,9086,6415,267

21,334882

2,6742,3483,402

2,2201,0081,106

9457,4412,664

6,8873,2662,0201,465

267484528234

2,2511,546

7051,370

33,661591

1,6481,1676,963

8922,5342,239

1,1371,047

359508

1,4739,4121,6351,7153,818

650924

1,9782,360

567649

822,1362,821

825865

i19,34712,7901,9394,6341,9392,695

11,9236,6495,274

21,268882

2,6512,3303,399

2,2271,0111,100

9497,4052,655

6,8943,2772,0221,467

266490529236

2,2531,547

7061,364

33,694593

1,6521,1706,942

8832,5102,216

1,1401,051

358513

1,4909,4271,6381,7183,822

648925

1,9692,362

567651

832,1352,833

825873

19,3362,7831,9304,6251,9332,692

11,9286,6465,282

21,340880

2,6742,3543,401

2,2341,0151,099

9497,4402,663

6,9193,2882,0231,467

266496531238

2,2551,547

7081,376

33,902602

1,6571,1747,026

8992,5522,254

1,1481,059

359515

1,5059,4631,6441,7223,833

653927

1,9852,372

568654

832,1372,847

827881

19,3652,7801,9264,6361,9452,691

11,9496,6595,290

21,343887

2,6812,3623,402

2,2421,0201,100

9517,4132,667

6,9323,2932,0201,464

266501532240

2,2581,549

7091,381

34,035603

1,6621,1747,058

8992,5652,265

1,1551,066

361520

1,5199,4991,6501,7283,842

655927

1,9912,377

569656

832,1362,867

829894

19,3942,7801,9224,6401,9522,688

11,9746,6755,299

21,422896

2,6792,3583,401

2,2531,0251,098

9577,4692,669

6,9423,3032,0231,467

266505534241

2,2561,549

7071,383

34,114606

1,6731,1797,085

9002,5692,272

1,1691,072

363517

1,5179,5201,6591,7333,844

658926

1,9942,385

569661

842,1372,863

834892

19,3972,7771,9204,6451,9562,689

11,9756,6825,293

21,499907

2,7282,4093,416

2,2591,0271,100

9637,4542,672

6,9643,3152,0261,469

267507538244

2,2611,552

7091,388

34,274605

1,6811,1777,152

9032,6222,322

1,1841,078

364525

1,5169,5551,6681,7403,851

658929

1,9872,395

571663

852,1472,885

838897

19,4582,7761,9184,6551,9632,692

12,0276,6905,337

21,585918

2,7282,4103,419

2,2721,0301,102

9737,4932,680

6,9683,3212,0291,470

268509541242

2,2581,550

7081,389

34,364616

1,7021,1737,190

8952,6502,355

1,1931,085

366529

1,5069,5631,6741,7443,848

658929

1,9922,393

571665

852,1492,893

848897

19,4542,7561,9064,6451,9592,686

12,0536,7335,320

] 21,674921

2,7312,4153,433

2,2851,0351,104

9827,5332,685

6,9873,3342,0331,472

267513543245

2,2591,551

7081,394

34,392619

1,6911,1747,225897

2,6762,376

1,2031,095366530

1,5159,5661,6781,7463,843654933

1,9822,381565669

862,1472,889

847902

19,4912,7531,8984,6521,9762,676

12,0866,7825,304

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from

March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 forward aresubject to revision.

46


ESTABLISHMENT DATAWOMEN EMPLOYEES

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Industry

Total

Total private

Goods-producing

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing

Durable goodsLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsIndustrial machinery and equipmentElectronic and other electrical equipmentTransportation equipmentInstruments and related productsMiscellaneous manufacturing

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTobacco productsTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics productsLeather and leather products

Service-producing

Transportation and public utilities

Wholesale trade

Retail trade

Finance, insurance, and real estate

Services

GovernmentFederalStateLocal

1995

May

56,464

45,918

6,666

81

568

6,017

2,811128159104100317442678365

0174

3,20655312

31771616669233125

33559

49,798

1,814

1,962

11,132

4,295

20,049

10,5461,1872,3367,023

June

56,569

46,006

6,656

82

572

6,002

2,807128157104100316442678363O175

3,19555712

31570816569332825

33359

49,913

1,818

1,969

11,165

4,299

20,099

10,5631,1892,3377,037

July

56,639

46,054

6,636

80

575

5,981

2,804128158103100316442680358O174

3,17755212

31270316569232825

33157

50,003

1,825

Aug. | Sept. | Oct.

56,771

46,165

6,629

80

577

5,972

2,804127156103100316444678362

o !174|

56,8991 56,960

46,280 46,327

6,622 6,608

80' 80

580! 581

5,9621 5,947

Nov.

57,039

46,409

6,605

79

584

Dec.

57,134

46,491

6,594

79

587

5,9421 5,928

3.1681

550 i12

311695 i1651692!3281

25|332!

58 "i

2,806 2,805 2,808127! 128 1281571103J

1001

315J

445!681361

O173|

3.156J55212

30968716569132824 j

33058

I50,142! 50,277

!1,832 1,841

1,974| 1,979 1,986i

11.174J 11,192 11,207

157102100316448683355O173

3,14255312

30767716469032724

330;581

156103100|316|45016843550174

3,13455312

30667116469132624 i

33057

2,809128156102100316451685355O174

3,11955112

30466416469132424

32956

! I50,3521 50,4341 50,540

1,846; 1,856 1,866°i

I4,305

20,140

10,5851,1872,3417,057

4,310!

20,223! 20,307l 20,349I

1,989 1,9971 2,003

11,209! 11,2111 11,218

4,342

20,4041 20,468

4,317! 4,326 4,336

10,606 10,619| 10,6331,185!2,340!7,081!

1,181 j 1,1782,3441 2,346

7,1097^94!I

10,6301,1762,3477,107

10,6431,1752,3487,120

1996

Jan.

57,014

46,384

6,568

79

591

5,898

2,8081271561021003174526853540173

3,09054712

29865116468732524

32755

50,446

1,872

2,008

11,152

4,348

20,436

10,6301,1702,3327,128

Feb.

57,315

46,653

6,583

79

595

5,909

2,810128156102100316451686356O173

3,09954912

30265416468732524

32755

50,732

1,883

2,014

11,236

4,360

20,577

10,6621,1702,3487,144

Mar.

57,421

46,741

6,574

79

599

5,896

2,8041291561011003164516863500173

3,09255112

3006471636873262432755

50,847

1,891

2,019

11,243

4,369

20,645

10,6801,1692,3487,163

Apr. I May

57,507

46,822

6,561

79

599

5,883

2,8081291551,102i100316451685356

O172

3,075544

13298642162686326

23|327

57,682

46,971

6,563

79

601

5,883

2,809130156101100318450684356

0172

3,07454713

2986371636873232432953

i50,946} 51,119

1,896 1,901

2,018

11,268

4,377

20,702

10,6851,1712,3517,163

2,019

11,310

4,395

20,783

10,7111,1702,3417,200

1 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonalcomponent, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 forward are subject to revision.

47


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENTSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonallyadjusted

(In thousands)

Industry1995

July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec,

1996


Total private

Goods-producing

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing


Blast furnaces and basic steel productsFabricated metal productsIndustrial machinery and equipmentElectronic and other electrical equipmentTransportation equipment

Motor vehicles and equipmentInstruments and related productsMiscellaneous manufacturing


Service-producing


Wholesale trade

Retail trade


Services

80,111

17,166

423

3,978

12,765

7,286624398414549183

1,0791,2911,0451,200

759(2)

272

5,4791,236

32559772525847579

9375482

62,945

5,158

5,206

18,642

4,974

28,965

80,340

17,179

422

3,992

12,765

7,300

625401416551184

1,0791,2931,0441,203761(2)274

5,4651,231

3255976352484657993

756

82

63,161

5,179

5,214

18,670

4,984

29,114

80,523

17,179

421

4,011

12,747

7,294

626400415549183

1,0791,2951,0451,197758(2)274

5,4531,237

32555755523844579 j9275482

63,344

5,191

5,227

18,697

4,993

29,236

80,585

17,144

419

4,018

12,707

7,272

626398416549183

1,0801,2991,0471,170759(2)273

5,4351,236

325537445228425809275480

63,441

5,207

5,235

18,699

5,003

29,297

80,703

17,132

416

4,026

12,690

7,270625398415551184

1,0811,3021,0501,159

745(2)

276

5,4201,237

325517345208435798975580

63,571

5,229

5,244

18,722

5,011

29,365

80,907

17,162

417

4,037

12,708

7,309627399415551183

1,0811,3061,0521,190

758(2)

276

5,3991,236

3254872551984157790

75279

63,745

5,243

5,257

18,758

5,021

29,466

80,706

17,131

419

4,056

12,656

7,288

615397412552183

1,0821,3041,0521,188757(2)274

5,3681,235

3153971351983957790

748

77

63,575

5,245

5,267

18,647

5,027

29,389

81,303

17,270

425

4,174

12,671

7,298

620396417550183

1,0821,3021,0551,189758(2)275

5,3731,237

3254571851783757490

746

77

64,033

5,275

5,281

18,780

5,046

29,651

81,397

17,189

426

4,138

12,617

7,262

620394418550183

1,0821,3011,0521,159727(2)274

5,3551,238

3254370751683757290

74476

64,208

5,286

5,294

18,796

5,061

29,761

81,552

17,200

425

4,152

12,623

7,290625393416547183

1,0801,3011,0531,191

755

272

5,3331,231

3253870551383457189

74476

64,352

5,292

5,296

18,861

5,068

29,835

81,801

17,231

428

4,171

12,632

7,302

627398416548184

1,0821,3021,0541,189765

272

5,3301,233

3153970051383356990

74775

64,570

5,304

5,311

18,910

5,085

29,960

82,019

17,246

427

4,186

12,633

7,328

630395417552184

1,0911,3001,0521,205768

273

5,3051,216

3253869551183356591

750

74

64,773

5,321

5,315

18,984

5,090

30,063

82,126

17,250

422

4,204

12,624

7,324

628395415545182

1,0971,3011,0581,200759(2)271

5,3001,213

3153870151083256290

75073

64,876

5,323

5,313

19,052

5,106

30,082

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers intransportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,insurance, and real estate; and services.

2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonalcomponent, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular

components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from


48


ESTABLISHMENT DATADIFFUSION INDEXES

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Time span Feb. T Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1

Over 1-month span:19921993199419951996

Over 3-month span:19921993199419951996

Over 6-month span:19921993199419951996

Over 12-month span:19921993199419951996

Over 1-month span:19921993199419951996

Over 3-month span:19921993199419951996

Over 6-month span:19921993199419951996

Over 12-month span:19921993199419951996

43.760.058.863.252.4

39.763.867.166.660.7

43.363.370.866.360.3

47.264.970.262.6

P61.0

43.760.862.159.363.2

41.961.269.563.261.8

46.865.271.660.862.9

42.363.971.660.8

50.051.366.054.960.0

49.761.170.456.961.2

47.563.869.058.7

P63.9

42.764.071.860.1

57.358.664.254.652.4

57.059.868.753.460.0

52.564.269.854.4

P64.6

44.165.471.861.2

55.561.760.351.462.2

58.463.166.454.2

P60.5

54.962.469.553.5

48.067.072.158.1

50.155.263.555.1

p 57.7

55.862.966.052.9

p62.9

56.765.969.554.1

52.567.671.857.7

52.257.761.554.1

P54.5

50.659.768.556.6

53.865.769.253.1

55.867.671.554.5

49.057.062.157.4

50.163.169.553.8

52.263.969.056.3

60.767.072.158.7

52.161.860.851.8

52.864.565.354.2

55.566.369.255.9

59.770.270.158.6

56.359.761.554.8

54.467.165.654.6

57.667.368.554.1

61.469.569.457.3

53.261.863.156.3

57.664.668.058.3

63.970.669.156.2

62.969.265.759.4

57.459.663.959.4

61.263.567.857.0

61.969.566.661.8

62.970.165.0

P60.0

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1

37.452.556.556.842.1

29.960.863.760.438.8

32.456.562.255.432.0

42.456.857.942.1

'33.8

39.956.560.155.048.2

33.558.364.451.839.9

34.959.064.445.037.4

36.757.958.640.3

43.950.759.746.048.2

43.953.266.243.537.8

39.956.860.438.5

P 37.1

36.355.860.839.9

56.845.758.645.339.6

49.647.860.834.943.2

46.855.461.533.5

p40.3

36.058.660.840.6

50.054.053.239.253.2

55.448.956.133.1

P45.0

52.250.759.027.7

39.657.260.834.5

48.945.757.940.3

P 49.6

53.254.056.832.0

P48.2

54.357.956.828.8

45.757.663.331.7

52.249.357.645.0

P45.0

46.850.460.833.1

48.259.456.528.8

50.058.659.425.9

44.649.353.645.0

47.858.358.635.6

47.856.557.230.6

55.859.060.128.8

47.559.455.842.4

45.757.654.038.8

51.157.660.133.5

57.961.257.228.1

47.853.254.745.3

47.559.756.139.6

51.158.655.833.1

56.859.755.824.1

51.453.657.246.4

51.154.760.140.6

56.864.459.734.2

58.360.149.627.0

54.755.059.447.5

54.757.660.838.8

56.560.855.838.8

56.557.647.5

P29.1

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans andunadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span.

P = preliminary.NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus

one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent

indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasingemployment. Establishment survey estimates are currently projected fromMarch 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all unadjusted data (beginning April 1995) and all seasonallyadjusted data (beginning January 1992) are subject to revision.

49


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE EMPLOYMENTSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

State1995

June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

1996

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Junep

Total1

AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFloridaGeorgia

HawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMaryland

MassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew Jersey

New MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth Carolina

South DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyoming


1,807.6263.4

1,778.01,067.1

12,426.51,834.11,562.9

362.3642.3

5,987.83,410.9

533.7475.1

5,594.52,778.01,356.31,196.01,646.61,775.7

541.52,181.6

2,968.84,245.12,373.61,073.22,517.9

350.6813.2783.7539.8

3,599.8

691.37,862.63,450.3

301.55,237.51,313.11,413.95,253.3

439.41,649.2

343.72,495.88,012.0

904.9269.3

3,068.02,354.0

687.02,559.9

220.1

1,804.3262.7

1,782.41,069.7

12,447.41,845.81,564.5

367.0647.2

5,999.33,428.8

531.5474.6

5,616.42,763.41,356.81,198.11,638.91,776.1

540.72,185.9

2,982.64,246.12,388.81,075.92,522.4

351.6814.6793.9542.9

3,606.6

686.47,863.33,457.6

301.75,237.41,312.01,420.95,256.9

437.11,658.9

343.62,497.08,006.4

907.8269.3

3,060.72,348.6

683.82,562.0

220.0

1,809.2263.3

1,787.31,072.7

12,489.41,851.91,568.1

368.1642.1

6,019.03,443.6

531.0476.5

5,611.02,759.21,359.91,201.41,643.01,778.1

541.92,184.8

2,985.34,253.12,388.31,081.42,523.7

351.5823.0797.7543.0

3,614.5

689.87,871.73,461.5

303.25,248.41,317.41,426.15,255.1

441.91,662.5

345.02,502.18,039.0

913.5269.9

3,061.92,356.5

689.82,563.2

219.7

1,811.9263.0

1,795.21,074.9

12,532.11,857.91,569.7

369.0642.6

6,059.73,447.6

531.5478.3

5,625.52,794.01,360.51,204.31,648.21,790.5

542.82,186.0

2,990.84,253.92,382.71,078.22,527.7

351.9818.2804.7542.8

3,617.0

691.87,879.23,475.7

302.85,255.41,319.41,431.85,254.0

442.71,660.2

345.72,522.48,065.8

919.6271.0

3,067.42,357.6

689.22,561.7

220.1

1,813.8263.6

1,795.31,075.7

12,532.31,861.31,568.0

368.4640.2

6,059.63,462.1

531.0481.9

5,629.12,794.21,365.01,215.11,650.71,793.5

543.72,183.2

2,994.14,272.22,385.41,077.32,533.5

352.3817.9809.0542.5

3,619.7

695.47,889.83,478.0

303.45,266.31,325.71,434.55,257.5

443.21,657.6

347.42,527.18,111.2

922.8272.7

3,081.52,340.2

693.12,564.6

221.0

1,815.9264.0

1,804.91,077.5

12,555.31,870.41,563.1

369.1638.4

6,082.13,475.9

530.6482.9

5,635.72,794.71,367.71,211.11,652.91,794.9

544.62,184.1

2,997.94,266.02,391.51,073.92,538.1

352.7817.7814.3545.3

3,621.0

700.27,895.23,481.2

305.35,277.81,332.21,437.95,253.9

443.21,659.6

348.72,535.68,141.0

926.4272.2

3,084.52,342.9

692.52,566.2

220.1

1,815.0263.7

1,813.21,080.8

12,570.61,879.61,562.7

371.0637.7

6,100.83,483.2

529.5484.8

5,643.82,797.91,373.81,218.91,658.61,795.4

545.42,183.2

3,001.54,292.12,390.81,077.72,545.8

353.3819.8817.3546.1

3,622.3

703.67,903.93,483.3

305.35,287.51,336.81,444.75,253.1

443.91,659.4

349.62,546.68,171.7

931.4272.6

3,085.62,367.1

692.02,568.5

221.4

1,814.8260.9

1,822.81,080.4

12,590.11,885.71,565.2

365.7629.9

6,089.23,481.0

527.7485.0

5,666.02,796.71,372.81,226.11,651.01,799.9

544.32,165.8

3,000.14,293.42,393.21,078.42,548.2

352.0818.9823.2542.4

3,595.8

707.07,879.13,456.0

304.75,283.81,334.01,457.05,202.7

443.81,655.5

351.12,543.18,158.9

933.3272.9

3,065.62,363.6

686.12,576.8

222.6

1,813.2264.7

1,835.11,080.4

12,621.51,888.51,576.1

374.1634.2

6,109.93,498.8

530.6485.6

5,668.82,800.71,370.71,225.01,657.51,801.7

544.82,191.2

3,007.44,296.82,400.31,077.12,553.0

355.4822.7827.0544.7

3,623.5

709.07,909.83,495.0

305.65,294.01,334.11,453.85,258.3

445.01,658.9

351.82,546.58,171.6

937.9273.0

3,099.52,368.5

693.82,564.2

222.8

1,816.2263.2

1,839.81,082.1

12,635.91,897.01,576.8

372.5633.9

6,142.93,513.6

529.2488.3

5,682.42,802.31,378.51,226.51,660.61,799.9

544.52,197.4

3,011.14,293.12,409.31,078.82,561.0

356.2824.6831.5545.2

3,630.5

710.97,921.33,503.7

307.45,292.91,341.61,459.45,272.9

445.31,662.0

352.82,574.88,195.6

944.8273.5

3,111.72,381.0

696.22,574.6

223.3

1,812.9261.8

1,843.61,080.1

12,649.61,896.31,575.0

378.1633.6

6,126.83,521.1

527.5493.8

5,685.72,797.81,374.61,221.81,663.91,798.9

542.52,193.3

3,007.74,297.12,410.81,079.52,559.3

356.6827.8833.6547.5

3,632.0

710.87,920.83,501.1

307.25,298.21,340.71,464.15,270.0

442.91,668.8

352.62,551.08,217.2

952.6274.2

3,102.92,382.9

696.12,569.1

222.5

1,816.0263.5

1,851.81,080.9

12,701.21,907.91,576.5

377.9632.3

6,146.23,538.7

529.5498.9

5,685.32,806.71,374.31,226.61,672.41,801.4

542.02,191.8

3,016.64,320.82,417.51,082.42,560.4

358.9829.9838.0549.3

3,638.2

714.27,934.83,512.1

309.95,310.61,346.31,466.95,281.6

444.51,671.6

354.42,553.08,247.4

954.1273.2

3,107.32,393.2

708.92,581.3

221.1

1,818.1265.7

1,856.01,086.2

12,734.01,898.41,577.0

376.5632.5

6,164.73,553.4

529.2502.1

5,699.02,804.61,382.51,226.11,679.21,804.3

542.02,198.5

3,021.94,337.32,428.61,082.22,555.8

359.6825.3846.4550.3

3,642.3

721.97,935.43,513.7

309.65,317.81,347.01,470.85,282.8

445.81,678.9

353.72,556.88,267.4

961.2274.3

3,113.62,402.9

701.32,585.2

222.5

50


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE EMPLOYMENT

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued

(In thousands)

State1995


1996

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May

Construction


Hawaii2

IdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMaryland





85.413.0

116.143.9

487.7101.951.418.59.0

303.9151.1

26.329.5

216.9133.553.950.173.3

103.721.6

126.3

90.7154.383.545.0

111.316.233.060.919.5

124.2

46.2250.3173.113.6

207.447.867.3

199.913.387.0

14.2108.4407.3

53.511.5

167.3123.232.7

100.314.1

85.613.0

116.544.4

491.3102.150.518.79.2

302.3153.8

26.129.2

219.2131.854.550.873.1

105.821.6

125.9

91.2154.084.146.4

111.316.334.062.019.4

123.5

45.1250.2174.0

13.7206.947.668.4

201.513.387.6

14.1109.0405.1

54.112.1

165.9121.532.2

102.513.8

86.913.1

117.244.4

496.4102.550.818.79.1

302.0154.9

26.129.6

217.5130.055.050.972.9

106.621.7

125.9

91.3153.784.245.6

108.416.434.563.019.7

124.0

45.7250.3175.4

14.0206.4

48.169.1

201.713.387.4

14.2109.0408.0

55.312.1

166.4122.132.4

102.514.0

87.513.0

117.945.5

500.7103.650.619.29.1

302.1156.4

26.130.0

218.3128.555.451.673.3

107.922.0

126.5

90.5155.083.945.3

110.216.735.064.720.0

123.5

46.2250.8176.4

13.6206.4

48.269.5

201.113.487.0

14.2109.2411.7

56.412.0

167.2122.632.3

101.914.3

87.713.0

118.045.0

501.3103.751.319.09.1

301.7158.4

26.330.8

217.3127.155.752.872.0

110.222.2

126.3

90.7156.083.546.1

110.516.234.866.619.9

123.2

46.5250.2176.4

13.4207.7

48.069.7

200.713.886.6

14.2109.4418.4

57.112.4

167.8123.232.8

102.514.3

87.913.1

119.044.9

505.6105.350.919.09.0

305.4159.7

26.231.0

214.5125.455.953.271.8

109.722.3

126.3

90.7155.383.045.6

111.016.034.767.720.3

123.5

47.2249.7176.113.6

208.148.670.5

199.313.786.6

14.3109.2420.1

57.312.2

169.7123.032.8

101.914.3

87.712.9

120.645.2

505.7108.451.019.18.9

306.7159.7

26.031.3

216.2127.358.553.872.0

109.122.4

126.4

90.8159.583.346.6

111.516.134.769.020.2

123.1

48.2249.3176.6

13.6209.849.069.8

198.513.586.4

14.4109.4423.0

57.912.1

170.9123.232.8

101.314.7

89.612.8

122.645.3

512.7110.551.818.38.2

307.4160.8

25.531.5

219.0128.756.056.971.4

112.622.3

117.6

90.3160.182.247.7

113.116.134.569.320.2

119.4

48.3242.7166.513.8

208.549.472.7

195.413.887.3

14.8111.8426.0

58.112.5

162.8123.228.9

100.915.3

88.512.9

124.646.2

503.7113.453.719.38.7

311.9163.7

24.932.1

217.1130.256.357.573.0

112.622.1

127.7

93.1160.683.047.2

112.916.434.570.020.0

123.5

49.1246.5177.9

13.7210.249.073.4

199.513.888.4

14.8112.2425.9

59.112.3

170.4123.232.798.515.4

88.912.4

122.746.7

496.1114.654.319.99.1

312.3164.1

24.732.7

218.7130.756.757.973.7

113.122.0

130.6

92.0163.783.349.2

114.116.235.270.219.8

124.6

49.4247.4179.7

14.1213.5

49.272.7

203.313.788.3

14.7115.6426.562.712.9

173.2124.732.7

102.115.4

88.312.8

123.046.5

499.6112.254.220.4

9.1312.3163.5

24.733.8

217.4131.756.557.674.3

111.521.8

129.2

92.6164.482.449.5

114.816.435.170.619.7

125.0

50.2250.5179.1

14.3214.6

49.774.3

200.213.389.0

14.7115.5426.0

62.812.8

170.3123.733.1

102.814.7

88.313.4

123.246.4

504.5112.354.620.39.2

312.2164.2

24.434.9

213.1131.955.456.375.0

111.121.7

127.6

93.0167.483.250.2

111.816.534.871.219.9

124.4

50.3254.5178.6

15.2214.6

49.773.8

198.713.788.9

14.6114.6429.5

62.012.9

171.7124.033.4

104.813.7

88.813.7

123.246.5

510.6112.855.420.3

8.9312.5163.7

24.235.2

217.5134.356.556.275.0

112.321.5

127.4

93.6168.784.851.4

110.116.635.272.820.2

124.1

50.4254.3180.714.9

214.749.374.6

201.814.489.9

14.5117.0429.3

62.413.1

172.8125.333.5

106.114.4

51




(In thousands)

State1995

June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June"

Manufacturing


HawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowa ,KansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMaryland





391.816.8

192.3258.7

1,787.5191.3280.9

59.513.0

482.8588.6

16.970.2

966.6683.9249.8192.3314.7188.491.8

175.7

443.4972.5426.1259.2421.9

23.6111.936.3

102.2499.2

45.4941.7859.0

21.41,106.3

170.2227.3941.884.8

378.2

46.6542.8

1.028.8123.745.2

403.0337.0

82.2601.5

9.6

390.417.3

192.6257.3

1,794.7192.1280.362.613.0

482.7588.4

16.870.1

967.2681.0249.3191.4313.3188.891.1

176.0

446.0974.8426.2257.3420.0

23.3112.136.8

101.7500.6

45.0945.3860.4

21.11,101.7

169.6227.9939.6

80.7377.7

46.4540.2

1,027.3123.244.7

402.8333.981.8

601.69.6

389.117.3

192.7258.8

1,796.4192.1281.4

62.313.0

482.6588.2

16.970.5

968.1682.1249.1192.1313.4189.091.5

174.8

445.2973.4427.8256.9423.0

23.2111.936.8

101.7498.4

44.6946.8858.4

21.11,104.0

170.0226.9937.8

83.9378.0

46.5541.0

1,029.8123.945.4

400.2332.5

82.2602.4

9.7

389.017.1

193.2258.2

1,798.3192.5279.561.013.0

481.8587.3

16.970.6

968.8683.7249.9192.6313.8188.691.2

174.9

444.3969.0426.5255.0421.7

23.0112.137.3

101.7497.4

45.2944.5857.4

21.01,101.1

169.2228.3935.884.5

376.5

46.7540.4

1,031.7124.645.7

399.9333.3

82.3601.2

9.8

388.318.0

193.7257.9

1,800.5192.7279.261.513.0

481.6585.4

17.172.0

967.9683.8250.0194.0314.3188.791.1

173.5

445.6973.1426.4253.9421.0

23.0111.837.6

101.3495.4

45.6943.6854.6

21.01,103.4

169.8228.0935.4

84.0375.9

46.7539.3

1,033.2125.045.8

398.9310.483.2

601.39.9

388.418.4

194.3258.6

1,799.8192.8278.361.113.0

481.7586.0

17.071.6

968.4684.0250.4187.0314.4188.791.3

174.9

446.1958.8427.2251.2420.4

23.1111.638.0

101.8493.7

45.9943.2853.1

21.51,101.0

170.2229.0933.883.6

374.7

47.1538.8

1,035.8125.845.7

397.8310.282.2

601.910.0

387.118.4

195.3258.8

1,801.3192.5277.7

61.113.0

481.5586.0

17.072.0

970.3683.5250.9194.1315.3188.890.9

174.3

447.1971.6426.8251.1420.9

23.1111.538.1

102.1492.4

46.0943.8851.7

21.41,099.8

170.1229.5931.383.3

373.8

46.7537.3

1,038.5126.245.6

398.1332.282.4

601.79.9

385.516.3

196.0258.1

1,801.7193.5277.3

57.312.8

479.9586.9

16.971.9

977.8680.9251.1195.1314.2188.991.0

172.6

446.3972.3427.4249.5422.8

23.3112.438.6

101.7488.1

46.1943.9844.2

21.01,096.2

167.5232.4920.783.2

373.2

47.2535.8

1,040.6126.645.6

393.4331.881.4

602.610.1

384.919.1

197.3257.4

1,803.9193.7278.0

61.512.9

480.2588.4

16.772.0

977.8681.7249.3195.2314.8189.590.4

174.2

446.2967.8427.0247.5422.6

23.1112.338.7

101.8492.8

46.2943.2849.1

21.01,095.9

166.9230.3927.583.4

372.9

47.1535.6

1,037.5127.746.0

398.8332.0

82.3601.0

9.8

380.917.8

197.4256.6

1,807.1194.2278.2

57.612.9

480.2588.1

16.573.0

978.4678.9250.0194.8314.1187.490.1

173.9

444.8946.2428.6244.9420.3

23.5112.538.7

101.8492.4

46.5939.6846.5

21.11,082.6

171.1231.3927.383.5

372.2

46.6534.6

1,036.4128.445.8

397.5332.5

82.4600.4

9.9

378.515.7

197.8255.2

1,807.1194.6277.3

62.513.0

479.3587.0

16.573.4

979.1677.7250.5194.9313.0190.089.7

174.1

443.4959.0429.4245.7421.1

23.6113.238.6

101.6490.5

46.6936.6842.1

21.21,090.8

171.1230.7926.883.4

369.2

47.1530.9

1,039.3129.746.1

395.7333.3

81.8599.2

9.9

378.915.2

198.1254.0

1,814.9194.9277.2

61.412.8

479.2586.9

16.573.4

979.2678.3248.5195.1312.6190.889.2

174.7

443.5961.1427.8245.0420.7

23.6113.438.7

101.9491.2

46.6935.7845.2

21.61,092.4

171.8230.3926.582.9

369.5

48.2530.6

1,040.9129.846.1

395.7334.0

81.8601.0

9.8

377.615.3

197.9254.2

1,819.4194.9276.8

61.513.0

480.3586.4

16.673.9

979.9676.8248.3194.7313.1190.288.8

174.5

444.0965.8428.3243.5414.7

23.8112.938.9

101.9488.6

46.8936.1842.5

21.51,092.9

172.8229.4928.1

82.8368.1

48.2528.5

1,042.5130.445.8

393.7336.7

81.5600.9

9.8

52



SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued(In thousands)

State1995


1996









89.722.985.863.5

630.3117.771.815.920.1

303.6215.4

40.922.6

321.7141.060.967.090.4

107.722.5

105.1

127.1164.9116.650.3

157.320.749.440.419.6

251.1

31.1400.7163.818.4

228.873.371.3

271.714.672.0

16.0137.7473.7

51.512.0

156.1120.140.2

120.213.8

89.422.886.063.6

633.2117.771.615.919.7

302.6214.8

40.722.7

324.9140.361.368.391.3

107.722.2

105.6

128.0164.8117.849.9

158.620.849.640.719.9

253.0

31.1402.3163.7

18.3229.3

73.571.1

272.714.472.0

16.0136.9474.4

51.211.6

156.0119.639.8

119.813.6

89.222.885.963.9

635.9118.071.515.919.8

303.5215.2

40.922.7

324.1141.361.668.191.7

108.022.3

105.5

128.8165.2117.549.8

159.120.849.741.020.1

253.1

31.1402.8163.818.4

228.973.471.2

272.814.771.8

16.1137.0475.9

51.311.7

156.0120.040.2

119.313.5

89.222.886.164.6

635.0118.671.615.919.8

304.9215.8

40.622.8

324.2139.161.367.792.1

107.922.1

105.1

127.9164.6117.249.8

160.020.949.741.120.0

252.8

30.9403.7163.7

18.2229.8

73.971.0

273.014.971.9

16.0136.8476.7

51.411.9

156.6120.240.1

119.413.4

89.523.086.564.6

635.2119.172.315.820.0

304.6217.0

40.723.2

327.9139.562.168.792.3

107.922.3

105.0

129.7166.0117.649.6

161.820.650.041.320.0

252.8

30.7405.1163.9

18.4230.8

74.271.1

273.115.472.1

16.1136.8477.4

51.312.1

159.0121.440.4

119.613.4

89.123.086.664.5

634.3119.571.315.920.0

305.3217.6

40.723.2

327.5140.062.269.192.5

107.822.2

104.8

129.9166.5117.249.5

161.720.749.641.620.1

252.2

31.2405.4163.8

18.8231.5

74.271.8

272.515.271.9

16.1136.7479.8

51.712.0

158.6121.740.4

119.413.6

88.922.986.465.3

629.9119.971.515.920.0

306.5218.0

40.923.1

329.1140.162.268.392.6

107.822.3

104.5

129.5167.0116.749.3

161.920.849.441.720.3

252.0

31.3404.9163.6

18.7231.3

74.772.2

271.315.371.9

16.3137.9483.3

52.212.1

158.1122.240.2

119.113.6

89.422.987.565.7

628.7121.071.216.119.6

307.7218.5

40.823.3

327.4140.362.969.293.4

107.522.1

106.0

128.7168.7117.349.4

163.420.949.341.920.4

251.9

31.5405.6164.1

18.2232.3

74.973.2

268.615.271.4

16.1137.6479.7

52.711.9

159.8120.839.7

119.513.6

89.223.288.265.4

631.8121.371.516.419.8

308.4219.3

40.823.5

327.0140.162.769.293.0

107.722.2

106.7

126.4170.4118.749.9

163.220.949.342.020.3

249.3

31.4405.4164.5

18.2229.4

75.272.7

270.015.071.1

16.2138.3481.2

52.712.0

161.1120.840.1

119.113.6

88.622.888.165.5

632.2121.771.416.519.6

309.2220.7

40.723.4

327.0139.862.869.392.8

106.422.1

106.5

128.6171.3119.449.2

163.321.149.542.220.1

247.7

31.3405.8164.0

18.5228.475.272.9

270.615.071.8

16.3138.1485.4

53.212.1

161.9121.740.2

119.313.6

88.522.786.165.9

636.3121.671.616.519.6

309.0221.8

40.023.4

329.3140.162.369.793.1

107.222.1

106.0

126.9169.3118.949.1

163.521.249.442.420.4

249.3

31.3402.4164.4

18.2229.3

75.673.5

270.315.172.5

16.2138.5486.8

53.812.0

161.9121.540.0

119.013.4

88.622.387.865.6

636.8121.171.516.519.5

309.6223.1

40.523.5

328.3139.362.469.593.5

107.822.2

105.7

128.1168.8119.648.8

163.821.149.442.520.4

248.7

31.5405.2164.3

18.5228.7

75.873.0

269.315.172.2

16.3137.7488.4

53.612.1

161.0122.239.6

119.913.6

88.922.088.565.6

638.5121.371.716.419.4

311.3223.8

40.623.3

328.0139.862.269.693.5

108.422.3

105.8

127.6168.6120.148.6

164.221.049.742.720.7

248.4

32.3404.3164.8

18.3229.1

75.973.0

269.815.172.6

16.3137.3489.1

53.812.1

161.5122.139.8

119.114.0

53




(In thousands)

State1995


1996

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June?

Wholesale and retail trade







411.154.9

448.7242.4

2,926.1455.7340.582.353.0

1,540.7859.3

135.8121.5

1,316.9668.5340.0294.7395.9416.7138.7530.1

689.4996.8576.1228.9602.8

96.0204.4156.4141.8849.1

164.01,613.0

798.678.5

1,277.7311.7358.4

1,200.397.9

385.3

87.4587.5

1,946.5219.5

63.5700.4583.0158.8589.2

52.1

413.254.3

450.2243.7

2,929.8460.6340.8

82.352.9

1,544.3868.5

135.9120.8

1,316.2670.6341.9295.5396.3415.1139.0531.7

694.91,002.9

578.1229.2602.6

96.4202.7157.8141.7849.0

164.21,612.4

804.979.3

1,279.3311.6360.3

1,203.798.3

387.0

87.4587.8

1,947.2221.1

65.0700.6582.7158.2588.8

51.7

413.154.5

451.6243.2

2,941.2464.1341.1

82.751.6

1,550.8872.8

136.2121.4

1,313.4672.5342.3296.4398.1417.5139.1531.8

693.41,005.3

577.7229.8602.6

96.4208.3159.1141.0850.3

164.91,615.9

805.879.4

1,279.5312.0360.3

1,201.698.3

388.2

88.2590.8

1,951.4222.1

64.8700.3586.5158.5588.3

51.8

415.154.4

452.0243.3

2,946.5465.1340.284.052.2

1,557.8879.5

136.4121.7

1,320.1673.1342.1298.1400.4420.2139.5532.2

691.91,005.4

576.6230.4602.6

97.1205.4160.1142.0853.0

165.41,620.8

806.379.5

1,281.6312.9361.3

1,200.698.2

389.6

87.8594.8

1,958.8222.8

64.9704.6586.3159.7588.5

52.0

416.153.7

453.0244.6

2,945.4465.7340.8

84.252.1

1,559.9882.1

135.6122.5

1,323.3674.0341.4301.5399.5422.8139.8532.6

690.91,012.2

580.4229.7604.7

97.0206.1160.9142.0854.5

166.71,623.7

806.279.7

1,286.4314.3362.1

1,200.197.8

388.6

89.1592.0

1,974.4223.2

65.1706.0586.7160.1588.5

52.5

417.353.7

453.0245.1

2,952.1470.0340.7

83.952.0

1,569.3887.2

135.6123.2

1,328.1675.7341.8301.8401.2424.2140.1532.9

693.11,016.2

581.6229.5605.7

97.2206.8162.6142.6856.5

167.41,629.1

809.580.3

1,291.5316.4364.0

1,201.597.8

388.4

89.3597.6

1,981.9224.364.8

705.1587.4160.5590.1

52.4

417.153.9

454.2245.9

2,964.3472.0340.5

84.551.6

1,571.0888.7

134.9123.6

1,330.1677.6343.6301.8401.7426.7140.2533.9

692.81,018.3

582.1229.5607.9

97.5207.2163.5142.1856.4

168.51,630.3

809.580.5

1,293.9317.2364.9

1,203.797.9

389.4

89.4605.4

1,989.0225.264.8

702.8587.4159.9590.952.8

418.354.2

454.4246.1

2,966.6475.2341.083.850.2

1,567.2888.8

135.0123.8

1,338.4676.4343.2302.6397.2425.7140.8529.8

688.91,021.5

584.5229.5610.0

97.9206.4164.5142.6849.0

169.41,627.8

804.380.3

1,297.7318.0368.3

1,198.396.7

388.8

90.3601.4

1,985.4224.9

64.3700.6584.8160.1591.2

52.8

417.854.4

457.0246.5

2,984.0473.3343.3

84.751.2

1,571.6890.3

134.9123.2

1,334.8677.6343.2302.1397.7426.9141.3533.1

693.41,015.4

583.2229.1608.5

98.1206.6165.6142.8856.4

169.61,628.1

812.180.6

1,298.7318.1366.9

1,215.197.0

389.7

89.9603.0

1,982.9225.5

64.2706.5584.9161.5590.8

52.7

421.254.4

460.1248.0

2,986.4475.3344.385.851.6

1,572.2897.2

134.8123.4

1,341.4682.8345.2304.1400.7426.4141.5535.1

693.91,021.2

587.4228.5610.3

98.2207.0168.0144.0858.5

170.51,631.6

815.381.0

1,300.5319.9369.1

1,216.596.6

389.9

90.7604.4

1,983.6226.3

64.1710.1586.5161.5593.9

52.9

421.154.6

460.1247.9

2,979.6472.4344.585.752.1

1,576.6900.3

135.6124.2

1,342.3680.5343.4304.5401.4424.8141.2534.6

693.71,015.2

588.5228.5607.6

98.1206.6167.6144.3856.9

169.71,633.9

813.180.4

1,300.3318.8370.2

1,215.395.9

396.2

90.1604.4)

1,984.8228.8

64.1712.3588.3162.4592.8

53.0

421.4155.3

462.5249.0

2,995.7477.7345.785.552.1

1,579.5905.6

135.2125.2

1,342.1683.7344.2 i305.21405.0 i426.6141.7534.0

698.7!1,021.31

589.1!229.61608.61

98.6207.3169.2145.1861.4

170.911,634.7,1

815.0180.81

1,304.0322.3371.0

1,221.896.8

397.7

90.1 i607.9

1,991.5229.664.0

713.1590.9162.6594.053.2 i

422.856.2

463.1250.0

2,999.8467.1345.884.552.1

1,583.5912.7

135.0126.0

1,345.3685.9344.7305.3406.7427.3141.9534.6

701.11,025.2

589.8228.7607.4

99.0207.3170.0144.5861.0

171.61,637.0

814.080.9

1,306.2322.2373.7

1,220.699.2

399.6

90.6610.8

1,998.3231.464.8

714.4591.6163.9594.3

53.6

54



SEASONALLY ADJUSTED


(In thousands)

State1995


1996









77.311.7

106.641.8

736.9112.9132.040.830.4

375.1174.0

37.024.2

383.3130.976.757.464.280.426.3

128.1

204.4195.6137.840.0

144.915.652.235.528.9

227.5

30.0722.7144.2

13.6268.865.187.1

302.224.368.6

18.8110.2437.1

47.412.2

160.4121.326.9

136.27.9

77.311.6

106.241.8

737.6113.0132.441.030.2

377.6174.9

36.724.2

384.8130.676.757.265.580.126.2

127.8

204.3195.8138.340.0

145.615.652.435.929.2

227.3

29.5722.6144.8

13.6269.1

65.487.3

303.124.968.9

18.9110.6436.947.712.0

160.6120.727.0

136.17.8

77.511.6

106.141.8

737.4113.4132.441.230.1

377.5175.5

37.124.2

384.2131.376.957.565.480.226.1

127.8

204.8196.1138.740.0

145.615.652.636.329.2

227.8

29.5721.6145.3

13.6269.6

66.087.7

303.724.969.2

19.0110.7437.4

48.212.1

160.2121.426.9

136.27.9

77.311.7

106.841.8

737.4113.7132.741.529.8

378.5175.5

37.024.2

383.3131.576.957.965.580.525.9

127.8

204.7196.1139.040.2

145.915.652.736.629.2

227.8

29.7721.3145.2

13.9269.7

66.288.0

304.324.869.9

19.1111.0438.048.512.1

160.1121.826.9

136.28.0

77.311.9

107.041.8

736.0114.1132.341.729.8

377.7175.6

37.124.3

384.0132.477.058.165.580.426.0

127.5

204.3196.3139.340.0

146.115.752.836.829.2

228.4

29.9721.1145.1

14.0271.1

65.888.0

305.224.569.9

19.3111.1440.4

48.812.1

161.1121.627.2

136.17.9

77.411.6

107.041.9

735.9114.6132.142.029.9

378.2175.7

37.124.2

383.9133.277.158.065.580.526.0

127.4

203.6196.6139.539.7

146.915.852.637.129.1

228.6

29.9719.7146.5

14.0273.8

66.088.3

305.724.670.3

19.4111.4440.2

49.312.1

161.8121.627.2

135.87.9

77.611.7

107.342.0

735.7114.9131.942.229.9

378.5175.8

37.224.2

383.5133.377.358.265.780.426.0

127.4

203.7196.5139.740.0

147.515.852.837.329.2

228.9

30.0719.9147.1

13.9273.5

66.388.6

306.124.570.5

19.4111.8440.8

49.512.2

161.6121.627.2

136.37.9

77.411.7

107.542.0

734.7114.8132.942.429.7

379.3175.7

37.224.1

384.6134.277.658.865.780.825.9

126.7

202.6196.0140.040.0

148.915.552.537.529.5

228.7

29.9714.7147.613.9

276.366.588.7

306.324.770.5

19.4111.6441.0

49.612.1

162.0123.027.3

136.28.0

77.711.6

108.142.0

734.6115.2133.342.529.6

380.5176.5

37.323.9

384.8134.477.658.765.980.626.0

127.5

203.3196.4140.339.5

149.115.652.537.629.4

229.4

30.0721.4148.3

14.0274.5

66.588.7

307.124.770.4

19.5112.1440.1

49.812.1

161.8122.927.3

136.18.1

78.011.5

108.342.0

734.6115.4133.542.629.7

381.7176.4

37.123.6

385.8134.077.958.765.480.826.0

127.5

203.4197.2140.339.5

149.415.552.337.829.5

229.6

30.0720.6149.0

14.1275.2

66.689.2

307.324.870.7

19.6111.8441.1

50.412.2

162.2123.527.4

136.28.1

78.211.6

108.242.1

733.7115.7133.242.829.7

381.9175.7

37.023.7

385.0133.777.658.965.680.625.8

127.0

203.7196.8140.739.5

149.315.652.237.829.7

229.6

30.1722.7149.714.0

275.866.889.6

307.724.770.8

19.7112.3443.3

50.412.2

161.4123.327.4

136.28.0

78.511.6

108.542.3

735.4116.5132.742.929.6

384.0176.2

37.023.8

384.8133.677.958.666.180.325.9

127.3

203.6196.4141.439.8

149.815.752.338.029.6

229.7

30.4722.6150.914.0

276.266.489.8

308.224.670.7

19.7112.6444.1

50.412.1

161.5124.327.6

136.88.0

78.211.7

108.842.5

735.8116.5132.342.629.7

384.7175.8

36.723.9

386.1133.711158.866.280.725.9

127.3

204.1197.1141.439.5

150.015.951.638.229.6

230.1

30.5721.6151.914.0

276.566.790.5

309.324.471.0

19.8113.1445.0

51.012.2

161.8124.527.8

136.88.1

55



SEASONALLY ADJUSTED


(In thousands)

State1995

June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May

Government






345.373.2

296.4178.1

2,105.2302.6218.3

50.0252.0921.2576.9

112.195.4

802.3381.0230.5237.2290.6357.293.1

423.9

393.4639.9381.4216.3388.6

76.6150.395.876.0

569.4

165.01,397.6

550.071.1

748.7270.1239.1718.060.1

294.2

70.8369.6

1,447.5163.744.8

597.6445.8136.8381.0

58.3

339.272.7

297.0178.2

2,094.7301.8220.2

50.0253.1917.8579.3

110.996.0

803.4372.2230.1238.2283.9358.8

93.1423.5

392.8640.7388.4218.5391.577.4

150.797.276.3

567.3

165.31,390.4

538.170.6

749.9270.4238.1717.260.4

297.9

70.8370.3

1,450.7163.444.9

591.7445.3135.0379.9

59.0

342.272.9

298.7179.0

2,098.6302.7220.9

50.0252.0915.5579.4

109.595.9

802.6361.5230.6237.5285.1354.5

93.1423.1

393.1637.3384.9221.7393.1

77.0151.394.675.8

568.5

166.11,388.8

540.071.2

749.2270.6239.0718.3

60.8298.1

70.8370.6

1,454.8162.444.9

593.7444.6138.8378.5

58.1

342.172.7

303.1177.9

2,102.9303.7224.949.9

251.4934.1574.7

110.396.1

807.2397.7231.0237.4286.1360.8

93.1423.7

397.8639.7381.3219.1393.9

76.2149.497.375.1

569.0

165.31,385.7

552.571.1

752.4270.2240.1720.360.6

295.0

71.1381.1

1,455.8163.644.8

593.5441.8136.9376.3

57.9

342.772.9

301.4178.4

2,103.3303.4222.249.5

250.6933.1580.8

109.195.5

805.1393.4230.2239.0287.4359.1

93.0423.3

396.4634.8380.4218.8394.8

76.9149.997.675.5

569.9

165.11,386.5

557.670.7

748.2271.1240.4722.260.9

294.6

70.3387.5

1,461.8164.144.9

594.5443.0137.1377.3

57.8

342.373.0

303.4178.3

2,103.5303.6220.349.8

249.4934.6581.5

109.195.6

805.3391.8230.0239.9286.9359.1

93.0423.2

395.9635.6382.1219.2395.1

76.9150.398.775.4

568.6

166.01,383.3

557.770.6

749.9271.3238.4721.560.6

295.4

70.5387.2

1,464.9163.944.9

594.2444.0137.0376.2

57.4

342.372.8

306.9178.3

2,101.5305.3220.249.8

249.0938.2582.8

108.696.1

803.6391.8230.2239.8287.9359.7

93.1423.4

396.0637.0381.8219.9395.9

76.7150.998.575.9

568.1

166.21,383.3

559.170.4

752.1270.9241.4722.261.1

294.0

70.7387.2

1,464.6164.344.9

593.5445.1136.3376.2

57.8

341.572.0

306.1178.0

2,096.7304.9222.750.0

246.9937.2581.6

108.295.3

803.2390.1229.6242.8286.0358.692.6

421.7

397.9632.3381.2221.2394.5

75.7151.9100.174.1

565.5

165.41,381.9

559.670.9

746.8268.5232.8714.660.9

289.8

70.5388.8

1,461.1164.944.6

593.4444.3137.1382.857.7

341.072.2

306.8177.1

2,101.4305.0224.750.0

246.5940.2581.8

110.394.9

808.8390.5229.3240.7287.7359.4

92.4424.1

395.6636.0383.1220.8397.0

77.0152.799.474.7

568.7

165.51,380.4

563.371.0

754.4268.8234.7721.661.2

290.2

71.1390.8

1,467.5166.045.0

595.6445.0136.9374.5

57.6

342.672.6

308.7177.2

2,101.7305.9224.1

50.3245.1971.0582.7

110.195.2

808.4390.4230.0238.7287.7358.892.4

424.0

396.2637.5382.0221.5400.5

77.5152.599.275.0

569.1

165.31,379.3

565.771.0

755.2269.4235.3723.361.4

291.3

71.1411.4

1,470.9167.144.9

595.5448.1138.7376.8

57.8

342.572.2

309.2177.8

2,102.2306.5222.950.3

244.8941.0584.5

109.095.9

807.3390.3229.8234.6289.2358.991.9

422.2

395.2635.2383.2221.8400.6

77.2152.898.774.8

569.7

165.01,376.5

569.671.3

752.9269.4235.6723.261.3

291.2

71.3392.3

1,473.7167.245.1

596.5446.4138.0374.8

58.0

342.473.5

313.7178.1

2,104.4308.4220.4

50.3244.3941.3586.7

110.297.1

806.8394.2230.4239.9291.6358.9

91.3422.9

394.5637.8384.5222.6399.6

77.1153.899.275.2

567.4

164.91,377.8

572.671.0

756.3269.5236.6727.361.2

291.4

71.7392.1

1,474.1166.545.0

596.4448.4149.9377.4

57.7

341.973.8

313.4180.5

2,103.2309.5219.550.6

242.5940.8589.6

110.698.1

813.8390.2232.7239.1291.5359.7

91.4427.4

395.2638.4389.6225.4400.0

75.9149.899.576.1

569.5

168.91,377.6

572.971.0

756.0269.2234.8726.359.7

294.6

70.4390.2

1,473.4167.244.7

595.7449.5139.3380.1

57.7

1 Includes mining, not shown separately.2 Mining is combined with construction.P = preliminary.

NOTE: All data have been adjusted to March 1995 benchmarks and incorporateupdated seasonal adjustment factors.

57


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURSSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrollsby major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

Industry1995

July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec

1996

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Junep | Julyp

Total private

Goods-producing

Mining

Construction

ManufacturingOvertime hours

Durable goodsOvertime hours

Lumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industries



Nondurable goodsOvertime hours

Food and kindred productsTobacco productsTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics productsLeather and leather products

Service-producing


Wholesale trade

Retail trade


Services

34.5

40.8

44.6

38.9

41.34.2

42.04.5

40.339.343.043.243.542.042.941.343.344.541.339.7

40.33.9

41.139.940.436.743.038.143.1(2)41.037.2

32.8

39.6

38.3

28.8

34.4

40.9

44.4

38.7

41.54.3

42.34.6

40.639.743.143.743.942.243.541.643.644.541.539.9

40.44.0

41.240.040.736.842.938.143.1(2)41.338.2

32.6

39.4

38.2

34.4

40.9

44.8

38.7

41.54.4

42.34.7

40.639.443.143.643.942.443.241.743.644.541.439.8 |

40.4 |3.9 |

41.1 j38.7 I40.6 !36.8 i43.0 |38.1 i43.1 !

(2)41.4

38.0

34.5

41.0

44.9

39.1

41.44.3

42.34.6

40.739.443.143.844.242.243.142.043.444.341.439.7 !

40.3 j3.9

40.9 !38.940.4 !36.7 I42.8 I38.043.2 !0 i41.4 i37.8 |

32.7 32.7

39.5 j 39.5

38.2 ! 38.3

34.4

40.9

44.2

38.8

41.54.3

42.34.6

40.739.642.943.944.242.243.341.643.844.841.439.6

40.33.9

40.840.140.536.842.938.143.1(2)41.2

37.7

32.7

39.6

38.2

34.3

40.6

44.7

38.5

41.24.2

41.94.5

40.139.442.943.744.242.042.941.242.743.841.239.5

40.23.9

40.638.740.336.842.937.843.1(2)41.637.7

32.6

39.6

38.2

28.7 ! 28.8 28.8 I 28.9 \ 28.7

33.8

39.7

44.1

38.2

40.04.1

40.94.4

39.135.742.143.244.341.042.140.342.443.340.237.7

38.73.8

39.936.436.133.541.537.242.5(2)40.334.8

32.2

38.8

37.8

28.3

34.5

41.1

45.3

39.7

41.44.3

42.24.6

40.639.143.544.144.942.043.041.643.143.741.839.5

40.54.0

41.239.840.536.843.138.243.2(2)41.3

37.6

32.7

39.8

38.3

28.8

34.5

40.8

45.7

38.7

41.44.3

42.04.5

40.639.443.243.944.542.043.041.442.242.141.739.7

40.54.0

41.240.540.836.943.138.243.1(2)41.337.8

32.7

39.9

38.3

28.9

34.3

41.0

45.0

38.9

41.54.6

42.44.9

40.739.243.443.944.142.343.141.044.646.141.439.6

40.44.2

41.040.440.336.543.438.142.9(2)41.537.6

32.5

39.4

38.1

28.6

34.2

40.9

45.2

38.1

41.74.6

42.55.1

41.039.7 I43.244.344.442.643.241.344.546.541.639.9

40.64.0

41.139.440.637.243.438.343.2(2)41.438.3

32.5

39.2

38.1

28.8

34.7 | 34.3

41.2 ! 41.0

45.8

38.7

41.94.6

42.65.0

41.339.543.544.244.642.643.341.644.445.841.9 i39.8 !

!40.8 j

4.241.239.4 I40.9 !37.743.638.243.5

41.638.5

33.0

40.0

38.7

29.0

45.0

38.7

41.64.4

42.34.7

41.239.643.143.843.942.343.041.443.845.441.439.3

40.64.1

41.038.740.937.043.438.243.4(2)41.638.2

32.5

39.2

38.2

28.8


2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because theseasonal components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and

irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from


58


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURS

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarmpayrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

(1982=100)

Industry1995


1996


Total private

Goods-producing

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing





Service-producing


Wholesale trade

Retail trade


Services

133.5

109.3

53.8

140.5

106.2

106.8133.0122.9107.689.971.5

112.6102.1106.9120.3163.073.1

101.6

105.5114.563.293.883.2

110.1124.6102.078.2

140.0

46.9

144.4

125.0

122.2

132.1

125.0

171.0

133.4

109.7

53.4

140.3

106.9

107.8134.2125.1108.491.372.5

113.1103.7107.6121.4163.473.5

102.9

105.6114.363.494.582.4

109.6124.4102.077.1

141.4

48.1

144.1

124.8

122.1

131.9

123.2

170.8

134.0

109.7

53.8

141.0

106.6

107.6134.4123.9108.190.772.1

113.6103.2108.0120.8162.873.3

102.6

105.3114.661.393.681.5

109.6124.1102.076.4

141.4

47.9

144.9

125.4

122.4

132.5

123.8

134.3

109.6

53.7

142.7

106.2

107.3134.7123.2108.491.172.6

113.2103.2108.9117.5162.373.3

102.0

104.7113.961.792.880.1

108.9123.5102.476.3

141.4

46.5

145.5

125.8

122.9

132.5

124.7172.1 173.0

134.3

109.3

52.5

141.9

106.1

107.3134.5123.9107.691.773.0

113.3104.0108.2117.5161.173.1

102.9

104.4113.763.592.779.3

108.8124.0102.073.6

140.9

46.3

145.6

126.7

122.8

133.1

123.9

172.8

134.3

108.8

53.2

141.2

105.6

106.8132.9123.6107.691.372.6

112.8103.3107.4117.6160.272.6

102.6

103.8113.161.391.878.3

108.6122.7101.674.3

141.7

45.8

145.7

127.0

123.1

132.5

124.1

173.4

131.7

106.0

52.7

140.7

102.0

104.1127.1111.4104.990.472.8

110.2101.2105.0116.6158.270.897.2

99.3111.055.980.870.1

105.0120.5100.273.9

136.5

41.2

143.2

124.5

122.0

129.9

122.2

170.3

135.5

110.8

54.9

150.5

105.9

107.4133.1121.7109.791.973.8

112.9103.2108.7118.6159.973.6

102.2

103.9114.863.191.777.5

108.6123.4101.373.6

139.6

44.5

146.6

128.4

124.0

133.1

124.4

174.5

135.5

109.4

55.7

145.6

105.2

106.3133.1122.0108.991.573.1

112.9103.2108.0113.1147.573.6

102.4

103.7114.964.292.076.7

108.4123.6100.974.3

139.2

44.1

147.2

129.1

124.3

133.7

125.0

175.2

135.2

109.9

54.6

146.7

105.7

107.7134.5121.1109.191.072.4

113.5103.4107.0122.9168.072.9

101.4

102.9113.764.090.175.5

108.5122.7100.172.8

139.8

43.9

146.6

127.6

123.7

132.7

124.6

175.1

135.4

110.0

55.2

144.3

106.2

108.4135.9124.2108.692.073.3

114.5103.7107.8122.5171.773.6

102.1

103.3114.260.590.976.4

108.5123.2100.472.9

140.1

44.1

146.8

127.2

124.0134.0 135.5

137.7

110.8

55.8

147.1

106.6

109.0137.6122.6109.792.5 !73.7 '

115.4 |103.8 |108.4 ,123.8 !

169.8 I74.0 |

102.3 i

103.4 '112.9 |62.5 |91.4 j76.9 !

108.6122.8100.477.5

141.343.8

149.8

130.2

126.1

124.3 129.0

136.1

110.2

54.2

147.8

105.9

108.1136.8122.9108.190.571.7

115.3103.2108.5121.6166.373.3

100.2

102.8112.159.491.476.1

107.9122.799.776.1

141.3

42.8

147.8

127.7

124.4

135.0

125.2174.7 i 178.6 | 176.0


p = preliminary.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected fromMarch 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 forward aresubject to revision.

59


ESTABLISHMENT DATAALL-EMPLOYEE HOURSSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Millions of hours (annual rate)1

May1996r

June1996r

July1996P

Percent change

July 1995to

July1996p

May 1996to

June1996r

June 1996to

July1996p

Total

Private sector

MiningConstructionManufacturing


Transportation and public utilities ..Wholesale tradeRetail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices

Government

216,591

180,622

1,35910,66739,69423,53616,15812,91913,01132,19712,83257,944

35,969

219,983

183,459

1,36810,87939,78223,60316,18013,18213,23632,55013,31459,149

36,524

217,845

181,585

1,33210,92939,56223,46116,10012,94213,08832,45912,92258,350

36,260

1.5

1.8

-.75.0-.4.9

-2.21.72.32.3

.03.0

-.3

1.6

1.6

.62.0

.2

.3

.12.01.71.13.82.1

1.5

-1.0

-1.0

-2.6.5

-.6-.6-.5

-1.8-1.1-.3

-2.9-1.4

-.7

1 Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted, multipliedby 52.

p = preliminary.r = revised.NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely onestablishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2414,chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors".

SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202—606-5606).

60


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEARNINGS

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on privatenonfarm payrolls by major industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry1995


1996

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June" Julyp

Average hourly earnings

Total private (in current dollars)

Goods-producing


Excluding overtime2

Service-producing

Transportation and public utilitiesWholesale tradeRetail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices

Total private (in current dollars)

Goods-producing


Service-producing

Transportation and public utilitiesWholesale tradeRetail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices

Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3

Goods-producingService-producing

Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3

Goods-producingService-producing

$11.47

13.08

15.3915.1212.3911.79

10.91

14.2612.467.71

12.4011.42

7.418.467.05

$11.46

13.10

15.4315.1412.4211.79

10.91

14.2712.467.72

12.3711.40

7.398.457.04

$11.52

13.12

15.4115.1712.4311.79

10.96

14.3312.517.76

12.4411.46

7.428.457.06

$11.55

13.13

15.4515.1812.4611.83

11.03

14.4012.547.76

12.5211.52

7.428.437.08

$11.59

13.18

15.4715.2012.4911.86

11.03

14.4212.557.78

12.5211.54

7.448.467.08

$11.61

13.19

15.5115.1512.5111.89

11.08

14.3912.607.81

12.5511.57

7.448.457.10

$11.62

13.30

15.4815.2512.6312.00

11.06

14.3912.587.83

12.5511.59

7.418.487.05

$11.65

13.26

15.4915.2312.5611.93

11.11

14.4312.637.85

12.6011.62

7.428.447.07

$11.68

13.25

15.4615.2412.5511.92

11.16

14.4812.707.88

12.6811.67

7.408.407.07

$11.72

13.40

15.4415.2812.7412.09

11.15

14.4912.717.90

12.6411.65

7.408.467.04

$11.73

13.38

15.4615.3112.7212.06

11.18

14.5012.717.93

12.7611.69

7.388.427.04

$11.82

13.46

15.5915.4112.7812.12

11.28

14.5312.917.98

12.8611.79

7.438.477.09

$11.80

13.52

15.6615.4912.8312.18

11.23

14.4812.787.96

12.7711.77

000

Average weekly earnings

395.72

533.66

686.39588.17511.71

357.85

564.70477.22222.05

255.80344.96231.32

394.22

535.79

685.09585.92515.43

355.67

562.24475.97221.56

254.34345.67229.46

396.29

536.61

690.37587.08515.85

358.39

566.04477.88223.49

255.34345.75230.92

398.48

538.33

693.71593.54515.84

360.68

568.80480.28223.49

255.93345.75231.65

398.70

539.06

683.77589.76518.34

360.68

571.03479.41224.84

255.91345.99231.50

398.22

535.51

693.30583.28515.41

361.21

569.84481.32224.15

255.11343.06231.40

392.76

528.01

682.67582.55505.20

356.13

558.33475.52221.59

250.48336.74227.12

401.93

544.99

701.70604.63519.98

363.30

574.31483.73226.08

255.84346.91231.25

402.96

540.60

706.52589.79519.57

364.93

577.75486.41227.73

255.36342.59231.26

402.00

549.40

694.80594.39528.71

362.38

570.91484.25225.94

253.79346.84228.78

401.17

547.24

698.79583.31530.42

363.35

568.40484.25228.38

252.47344.39228.67

410.15

554.55

714.02596.37535.48

372.24

581.20499.62231.42

257.96348.77234.11

404.74

554.32

704.70599.46533.73

364.98

567.62488.20229.25

0(4)0


2 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of timeand one-half.

3 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and ClericalWorkers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.

4 Not available.5 These series are not computed because the average weekly hours'

components are not available on a seasonally adjusted basis.p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March

1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 forward are subject torevision.

61


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENTNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

PnrloUUUc

10101102

12122

13131138

14142144147

15152153154

16161162

17171172173174175176

242412422421242624324312434243524362442452451249

252512511251225142515

All employees

June1995

118,168

98,787

587

51.78.7

15.6

105.498.0

320.6151.5163.8

109.341.235.813.7

5,351

1,231.3624.727.4

579.2

801.6264.8536.8

3,318.4720.1192.3607.3433.7228.2226.4

18,588

10,717

770.682.0

188.4149.737.1

281.6111.376.728.329.851.080.160.787.5

508.9279.5126.789.321.230.8

July1995

116,961

98,704

588

52.18.7

15.7

105.398.3

320.7150.4164.9

109.941.436.113.9

5,449

1,251.1631.1

27.8592.2

814.2271.9542.3

3,383.5733.9199.6621.2442.1230.8231.9

18,403

10,596

769.683.8

186.9149.236.1

280.2111.676.427.029.550.881.561.886.4

493.6265.4120.085.518.330.1

May1996

119,887

100,026

572

51.58.3

15.1

100.193.7

310.4141.4163.9

109.941.335.514.2

5,437

1,225.3621.0

27.9576.4

794.6252.8541.8

3,416.7746.6188.9615.5460.1243.0232.2

18,269

10,682

757.574.9

181.2143.735.9

281.8110.178.527.728.949.884.063.785.8

500.1280.1126.389.821.131.2

June1996P

120,582

101,069

578

53.08.6

15.4

100.493.9

313.1141.6166.3

111.441.836.414.3

5,630

1,271.6644.1

28.9598.6

823.2273.4549.8

3,534.8767.4198.1636.9477.0246.8243.3

18,382

10,748

774.678.8

183.9145.936.4

289.0113.380.428.029.450.985.865.186.2

502.3278.8126.589.519.930.9

July1996P

119,516

101,118

579

52.8_-

100.2-

313.6_-

112.0__-

5,749

1,289.8__-

835.3_-

3,623.6-____-

18,234

10,636

774.3_-_-________-

489.9____-

June1995

-

80,965

429

41.87.3

12.6

84.878.8

219.281.9

134.5

83.632.5_-

4,178

882.5431.9

11.9438.7

674.2221.7452.5

2,621.0531.9161.6477.6375.6173.0181.6

12,878

7,348

633.666.2

163.1129.432.3

225.686.761.524.326.443.564.050.971.2

402.5233.2108.075.317.023.7

Production workers

July1995

-

80,855

432

42.17.3

12.7

84.979.2

220.381.5

135.8

84.232.4_-

4,268

900.6437.2

12.2451.2

686.9228.3458.6

2,680.3544.4168.4489.8383.3175.1186.8

12,693

7,225

632.767.7

161.7128.931.5

224.887.261.223.126.243.165.251.970.2

388.7220.0101.571.814.323.0

May1996

-

81,971

424

40.86.9

11.9

81.876.5

217.677.6

136.4

84.232.5_-

4,226

865.8422.3

11.9431.6

667.0207.8459.2

2,692.7549.5156.1479.9399.2184.5187.4

12,614

7,320

621.960.2

156.9124.031.5

225.885.163.223.725.842.466.953.469.7

395.7234.9108.275.517.424.0

June1996P

-

82,905

430

42.17.2

12.1

82.176.7

220.477.9

138.7

85.633.0_-

4,399

907.4441.9

12.7452.8

694.6228.1466.5

2,797.4566.4164.6499.4413.4187.8198.0

12,701

7,374

638.164.0

159.7126.332.0

231.987.864.923.826.443.269.054.770.3

397.2233.2108.475.216.023.6

July1996P

_

82,894

431

__-

_

-

__-

___-

4,507

___-

-

-

_-_

-_-

12,550

7,259

637.2_-_--__-____-

385.8_-_--

Total

Total private

Mining

Metal miningIron oresCopper ores

Coal miningBituminous coal and lignite mining

Oil and gas extractionCrude petroleum and natural gasOil and gas field services

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuelsCrushed and broken stoneSand and gravelChemical and fertilizer minerals

Construction

General building contractorsResidential building constructionOperative buildersNonresidential building construction

Heavy construction, except buildingHighway and street constructionHeavy construction, except highway

Special trade contractorsPlumbing, heating, and air conditioningPainting and paper hangingElectrical workMasonry, stonework, and plasteringCarpentry and floor workRoofing, siding, and sheet metal work

Manufacturing

Durable goods

Lumber and wood productsLoggingSawmills and planing mills

Sawmills and planing mills, generalHardwood dimension and flooring mills ...

Millwork, plywood, and structural membersMillworkWood kitchen cabinetsHardwood veneer and plywoodSoftwood veneer and plywood

Wood containersWood buildings and mobile homes

Mobile homesMiscellaneous wood products

Furniture and fixturesHousehold furniture

Wood household furnitureUpholstered household furnitureMetal household furnitureMattresses and bedsprings


62



NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

(In thousands)

Industry1987SICCode

252253254259

3232132232213229323324325326327327132723273329329132923296

33331331233173323321332233253333334

33533513353

3357

3363365

3434134113423423,5

34293433432

34333443441

344234433444

3446

3453451

3452

3463462

3465

3469

June1995

62.9

42.8

86.5

37.2

551.0

15.2

74.3

31.6

42.7

62.9

18.3

35.2

41.4

212.8

17.870.4

107.3

77.5

20.3

2.524.5

714.6

242.5

173.0

27.4

132.284.5

4.427.5

40.4

22.6

167.8

22.7

22.2

73.7

87.1

24.2

1,444.7

41.7

33.9129.2

44.6

72.8

56.2

22.2

19.2429.4

73.076.4

102.2109.7

29.2

100.6

52.1

48.5

252.8

31.2

115.9

94.1

All

July1995

62.8

41.6

87.5

36.3

545.9

15.0

72.9

31.1

41.8

61.4

18.2

34.5

40.9

213.6

17.9

70.5

107.8

76.3

19.8

2.524.2

702.5

240.7

171.7

27.1

128.5

82.2

4.027.2

40.4

22.6

165.2

22.4

22.3

72.083.4

23.1

1,424.3

41.4

33.7126.243.970.655.7

21.9

19.0430.7

73.6

76.5101.7

110.5

29.2

98.3

50.3

48.0

244.0

30.7

110.6

91.4

employees

May1996

60.0

42.2

81.9

35.9

542.515.070.628.642.061.217.533.639.3

215.317.770.8109.576.519.42.5

24.0

705.1238.7169.827.3126.280.14.025.640.722.6166.9

22.3

21.5

73.3

88.3

24.4

1,443.5

38.9

31.7125.944.1

70.2

55.1

22.1

19.3

435.075.7

75.4101.9

112.6

29.7

98.4

51.0

47.4

256.0

30.5

119.7

94.4

June1996P

60.7

42.9

83.7

36.2

548.2

15.1

70.9

28.9

42.0

61.8

18.0

33.8

39.3

219.1

17.9

71.5112.4

76.6

19.4

2.524.3

708.8

239.4

170.0

27.4

127.4

80.7

4.126.1

40.8

22.7

167.2

22.2

21.8

72.9

89.6

24.7

1,457.8

40.2

33.0126.8

44.370.9

56.3

22.2

19.9

441.2

77.077.3

102.0114.4

30.3

99.0

51.0

48.0

256.5

30.7

119.5

94.8

July1996P

_--

542.4___--_--

_-

__-

693.8

237.2----_

-__-_

-

1,444.2

___-_-__--_-______

-

June1995

46.6

34.2

63.7

24.8

427.8

12.0

62.428.334.148.513.9

27.0

33.2

162.9

11.4

52.8

85.1

58.2

15.0

2.1-

555.7

185.8

133.1

20.5

108.2

69.8

3.422.5

30.7

17.7

126.9

17.5

16.155.7

71.1

19.8

1,086.5

35.7

29.597.3

34.255.140.2

16.3

12.8

313.2

53.0

57.073.0

83.221.1

79.3

42.7

36.6

202.5

24.2

97.2

72.5

Production workers

July

1995

47.0

32.9

64.5

24.3

423.111.761.0

27.8

33.2

46.9

14.0

26.4

32.8

163.8

11.6

53.1

85.4

57.114.8

2.0-

542.7

183.9

131.6

20.3

103.5

66.6

3.022.130.8

17.7

124.3

17.2

16.2

53.9

67.7

18.8

1,064.9

35.5

29.394.6

33.653.1

39.8

16.0

12.6

314.053.4

57.072.883.9

21.0

76.9

41.0

35.9

193.8

23.7

91.8

69.7

May1996

44.2

33.3

59.8

23.5

422.2

11.9

59.3

25.7

33.6

47.5

13.2

26.2

31.1

165.0

11.2

53.2

87.0

58.2

15.1

2.1-

549.0

183.2

131.1

20.6

103.2

66.2

3.120.9

31.3

18.1127.1

17.2

15.5

56.1

71.9

20.0

1,084.1

33.3

27.594.9

33.9

53.339.1

16.1

12.8317.4

55.8

55.8

73.285.7

21.0

77.2

41.7

35.5

205.5

23.4

100.8

72.6

June1996P

44.7

33.861.7

23.8

428.2

12.0

59.8

26.0

33.8

48.0

13.8

26.5

31.1168.7

11.3

54.189.7

58.3

15.2

2.1-

552.9

184.6

131.8

20.8

104.4

66.8

3.221.4

31.4

18.0

127.0

17.2

15.7

55.5

73.0

20.2

1,096.3

34.5

28.795.934.4

53.840.2

16.1

13.4

322.4

56.6

57.373.4

87.321.5

77.7

41.7

36.0

205.5

23.4

100.6

72.8

July1996P

_-

-

423.1__

-

_______-___

-

539.2

182.5_-_____-__

__

-

1,082.2____________________

-

Durable goods—ContinuedFurniture and fixtures—Continued

Office furniturePublic building and related furniturePartitions and fixturesMiscellaneous furniture and fixtures

Stone, clay, and glass productsFlat glassGlass and glassware, pressed or blown

Glass containersPressed and blown glass, nee

Products of purchased glassCement, hydraulicStructural clay productsPottery and related productsConcrete, gypsum, and plaster products

Concrete block and brickConcrete products, neeReady-mixed concrete

Misc. nonmetallic mineral productsAbrasive productsAsbestos productsMineral wool

Primary metal industriesBlast furnaces and basic steel products

Blast furnaces and steel millsSteel pipe and tubes

Iron and steel foundriesGray and ductile iron foundriesMalleable iron foundriesSteel foundries, nee

Primary nonferrous metalsPrimary aluminum

Nonferrous rolling and drawingCopper rolling and drawingAluminum sheet, plate, and foilNonferrous wire drawing and insulating

Nonferrous foundries (castings)Aluminum foundries

Fabricated metal productsMetal cans and shipping containers

Metal cansCutlery, handtools, and hardware

Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsawsHardware, nee

Plumbing and heating, except electricPlumbing fixture fittings and trimHeating equipment, except electric

Fabricated structural metal productsFabricated structural metalMetal doors, sash, and trimFabricated plate work (boiler shops)Sheet metal workArchitectural metal work

Screw machine products, bolts, etcScrew machine productsBolts, nuts, rivets, and washers

Metal forgings and stampingsIron and steel forgingsAutomotive stampingsMetal stampings, nee


63




(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

Cncit*uUuc

34734713479348348334934943496

3535135113519352352335335313532353335353537354354135423544354535463553552355535563563561356235633564356635683573571

3575,8,9358358535935923596,9

363613612361336236213625363363236333634

All employees

June1995

130.380.250.151.026.1

253.525.257.2

2,068.788.226.661.699.574.8

223.179.216.340.040.729.0

342.739.917.5

162.651.125.8

171.815.723.125.4

252.529.639.026.034.516.921.2

350.7192.0

57.7205.5141.4334.7

22.3266.8

1,628.584.741.743.0

158.679.159.6

121.729.917.929.5

July1995

128.478.949.550.526.0

249.125.155.6

2,058.088.526.661.996.373.8

223.278.916.639.741.129.1

340.239.917.7

160.150.825.8

172.915.623.325.4

251.128.939.025.634.617.020.9

351.4191.7

58.0201.3138.7333.1

21.6266.1

1,617.383.541.342.2

157.378.658.9

116.829.717.727.2

May1996

132.481.950.548.024.8

253.824.957.6

2,091.784.524.260.397.272.0

226.780.416.541.340.129.5

344.541.317.5

163.752.224.7

176.814.722.825.9

254.029.439.126.635.117.321.0

358.7195.9

56.9209.6144.8339.722.4

271.5

1,648.882.940.442.5

157.511159.3

122.632.215.528.8

June1996P

134.883.351.547.924.8

255.125.157.8

2,097.084.924.460.594.271.9

227.480.416.541.840.429.4

344.441.417.5

163.352.224.8

176.814.622.826.0

255.229.739.126.435.617.521.1

360.5196.4

57.3212.3147.3341.322.6

272.7

1,656.682.840.342.5

158.177.560.0

123.432.415.929.1

July1996P

____

-

2,083.5--

____-____-____

___-_-____

358.8-

_

-__

-

1,646.8-__-_____-

Production workers

June1995

102.562.939.628.711.7

187.118.943.8

1,294.955.115.339.872.653.9

145.154.1

9.627.223.419.8

244.024.611.5

123.735.917.998.410.412.315.7

162.616.830.915.023.111.914.5

121.154.2

20.5147.2107.0248.8

17.9203.4

1,045.159.530.529.0

111.861.835.599.126.115.322.7

July1995

100.061.138.928.211.7

182.118.942.2

1,282.955.215.140.169.552.7

144.954.0

9.926.923.319.8

241.724.411.7

121.435.817.999.010.312.515.7

160.816.130.914.623.011.814.3

121.354.2

20.5143.0104.2247.5

17.0203.1

1,033.758.330.028.3

111.061.535.193.625.915.020.1

May1996

104.264.739.526.410.6

186.118.643.5

1,306.252.813.639.270.751.8

148.255.5

9.927.922.820.3

244.425.211.4

124.536.716.998.8

9.712.615.7

162.616.730.915.523.312.214.7

124.656.0

21.8150.9110.4253.2

17.5207.7

1,052.056.628.727.9

110.560.535.297.626.812.721.8

June1996P

106.365.940.426.210.5

187.618.943.6

1,307.153.213.639.667.851.5

147.654.9

9.728.222.820.3

244.125.211.3

124.036.717.298.8

9.712.615.8

163.317.031.115.423.612.314.7

125.156.3

22.3153.3112.7253.9

17.6208.0

1,056.056.228.427.8

110.960.335.698.426.913.022.6

July1996P

______-

1,293.0-

__

_

_-___

____-_-____--

_

-__--

1,046.4-__-__-__-

Durable goods—ContinuedFabricated metal products—Continued

Metal services, neePlating and polishingMetal coating and allied services

Ordnance and accessories, neeAmmunition, except for small arms, nee

Miscellaneous fabricated metal productsValves and pipe fittings, neeMisc. fabricated wire products

Industrial machinery and equipmentEngines and turbines

Turbines and turbine generator setsInternal combustion engines, nee

Farm and garden machineryFarm machinery and equipment

Construction and related machineryConstruction machineryMining machineryOil and gas field machineryConveyors and conveying equipmentIndustrial trucks and tractors

Metalworking machineryMachine tools, metal cutting typesMachine tools, metal forming typesSpecial dies, tools, jigs, and fixturesMachine tool accessoriesPower driven handtools

Special industry machineryTextile machineryPrinting trades machineryFood products machinery

General industrial machineryPumps and pumping equipmentBall and roller bearingsAir and gas compressorsBlowers and fansSpeed changers, drives, and gearsPower transmission equipment, nee

Computer and office equipmentElectronic computersComputer terminals, calculators, and

office machines, neeRefrigeration and service machinery

Refrigeration and heating equipmentMisc. industrial and commercial machinery

Carburetors, pistons, rings, valvesScales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee

Electronic and other electrical equipmentElectric distribution equipment

Transformers, except electronicSwitchgear and switchboard apparatus

Electrical industrial apparatusMotors and generatorsRelays and industrial controls

Household appliancesHousehold refrigerators and freezersHousehold laundry equipmentElectric housewares and fans


64





(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

Code

36436413643364436453653651366366136736713674367936936913694

3737137113713371437153723721372437283733731373237437637613793792

3838138238223823382538438413842385386387

3939139113933943942,4394939539639613993993

June1995

178.622.762.417.519.284.055.4

265.5112.1580.724.5

235.0136.1154.726.270.0

1,799.9975.9362.440.1

514.539.3

455.4248.6

93.2113.6158.8105.153.737.799.070.552.520.9

839.3158.7286.243.564.269.7

264.6101.594.637.085.2

7.6

390.849.636.914.3

119.041.977.131.525.414.7

151.063.6

All

July1995

177.522.562.017.518.483.855.2

264.0112.0582.7

24.2237.1135.8151.725.169.4

1,765.4952.2357.240.5

497.538.4

447.2241.3

93.3112.6157.2105.351.937.698.770.152.120.7

837.7157.5286.242.864.170.0

264.4101.594.036.885.2

7.6

381.647.435.414.0

115.440.774.731.224.614.3

149.063.7

employees

May1996

174.921.362.016.519.381.854.3

260.8111.6612.8

24.4259.0140.9155.526.171.2

1,773.2966.2363.539.2

511.331.6

449.6241.9

94.1113.6154.998.456.535.092.665.953.822.5

833.9151.8287.542.164.571.5

267.3102.494.335.384.9

7.1

385.448.435.815.1

115.540.774.832.224.514.0

149.763.6

June1996P

175.221.162.116.719.082.454.9

262.1112.2616.3

24.3262.5141.4156.326.371.3

1,778.5972.7365.5

39.4515.531.5

445.7236.4

94.6114.7155.498.956.535.393.266.554.923.2

836.2151.9288.742.364.672.1

267.8102.394.535.585.1

7.2

387.848.636.015.2

115.641.274.432.624.714.1

151.163.8

July1996P

_-______

614.9-____-

1,749.0943.2

__-_

448.2____--_--_-

833.4_

_

_-

_--

378.7-_________-

Production workers1

June1995

128.817.241.713.314.757.435.2

130.659.6

347.816.2

102.890.7

110.120.454.9

1,209.8766.7272.1

32.4414.8

32.3212.3

98.346.367.7

122.877.944.928.528.418.636.717.2

415.048.4

147.228.532.132.0

151.762.159.623.638.06.1

276.734.325.411.584.828.256.621.017.710.0

107.442.5

July1995

126.817.040.913.013.857.335.1

130.259.5

349.216.1

104.690.2

107.319.454.0

1,176.9739.4266.2

32.1395.5

31.3209.0

95.645.967.5

121.578.143.428.327.817.736.617.2

412.247.5

146.627.932.131.8

150.361.159.023.538.26.1

266.831.823.611.281.526.854.720.917.09.7

104.442.6

May1996

124.916.340.512.514.755.334.2

127.258.2

367.216.9

117.693.3

112.720.456.3

1,203.4766.2282.1

31.7410.3

25.2212.2

94.748.668.9

119.172.047.126.125.516.438.718.9

414.144.8

146.127.032.332.1

155.965.458.423.038.6

5.7

271.333.224.212.2

. 81.326.954.422.217.39.8

105.141.9

June1996P

125.016.140.612.614.455.834.9

127.358.2

368.516.9

118.494.1

113.920.556.6

1,209.6771.0283.4

31.9413.4

25.1211.0

92.049.169.9

119.872.447.426.326.016.939.819.6

414.143.9

146.527.132.332.1

156.165.358.423.138.7

5.8

274.033.424.412.281.627.654.022.417.49.9

107.042.0

July1996P

________

-____-

1,175.2738.5

__-_____-____-_-

412.2__________-

265.1__________-

Durable goods—ContinuedElectronic and other electrical equipment—Continued

Electric lighting and wiring equipmentElectric lampsCurrent-carrying wiring devicesNoncurrent-carrying wiring devicesResidential lighting fixtures

Household audio and video equipmentHousehold audio and video equipment

Communications equipmentTelephone and telegraph apparatus

Electronic components and accessoriesElectron tubesSemiconductors and related devicesElectronic components, nee

Misc. electrical equipment and suppliesStorage batteriesEngine electrical equipment

Transportation equipmentMotor vehicles and equipment

Motor vehicles and car bodiesTruck and bus bodiesMotor vehicle parts and accessoriesTruck trailers

Aircraft and partsAircraftAircraft engines and engine partsAircraft parts and equipment, nee

Ship and boat building and repairingShip building and repairingBoat building and repairing

Railroad equipmentGuided missiles, space vehicles, and parts

Guided missiles and space vehiclesMiscellaneous transportation equipment

Travel trailers and campers

Instruments and related productsSearch and navigation equipmentMeasuring and controlling devices

Environmental controlsProcess control instrumentsInstruments to measure electricity

Medical instruments and suppliesSurgical and medical instrumentsSurgical appliances and supplies

Ophthalmic goodsPhotographic equipment and suppliesWatches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

Miscellaneous manufacturing industriesJewelry, silverware, and plated ware

Jewelry, precious metalMusical instrumentsToys and sporting goods

Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehiclesSporting and athletic goods, nee

Pens, pencils, office, and art suppliesCostume jewelry and notions

Costume jewelryMiscellaneous manufactures

Signs and advertising specialties


65




(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

Code

All employees

June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Production workers1

June1995

July May June1995 1996 1996P

July1996P

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred products

Meat productsMeat packing plantsSausages and other prepared meatsPoultry slaughtering and processing

Dairy productsCheese, natural and processedFluid milk

Preserved fruits and vegetablesCanned specialtiesCanned fruits and vegetablesFrozen fruits and vegetables

Grain mill productsFlour and other grain mill productsPrepared feeds, nee

Bakery productsBread, cake, and related productsCookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,

except breadSugar and confectionery products

Raw cane sugarCane sugar refiningBeet sugarCandy and other confectionery products

Fats and oilsBeverages

Malt beveragesBottled and canned soft drinks

Misc. food and kindred products

Tobacco productsCigarettes

Textile mill productsBroadwoven fabric mills, cottonBroadwoven fabric mills, syntheticsBroadwoven fabric mills, woolNarrow fabric millsKnitting mills

Women's hosiery, except socksHosiery, neeKnit outerwear millsKnit underwear millsWeft knit fabric mills

Textile finishing, except woolFinishing plants, cottonFinishing plants, synthetics

Carpets and rugsYarn and thread mills

Yarn spinning millsThrowing and winding mills

Miscellaneous textile goods

Apparel and other textile productsMen's and boys' suits and coatsMen's and boys' furnishings

Men's and boys' shirtsMen's and boys' trousers and slacksMen's and boys' work clothing

Women's and misses' outerwearWomen's and misses' blouses and shirtsWomen's, juniors', and misses' dressesWomen's and misses' suits and coatsWomen's and misses' outerwear, nee


2020120112013201520220222026203203220332037204204120482052051

2052,3206206120622063206420720820822086209

21211

22221222223224225225122522253225422572262261226222722822812282229

232312322321232523262332331233523372339

7,8711,690.7

470.1141.893.0

235.3151.440.166.0

245.520.373.356.0

127.619.342.5

208.4147.3

61.194.74.44.77.5

50.831.7

177.536.394.1

183.8

38.428.8

674.179.270.515.923.6

199.322.642.861.822.728.273.534.724.463.196.373.715.352.7

945.537.1

256.956.479.041.0

281.429.844.832.7

174.1

7,8071,715.8

470.8142.192.5

236.2151.740.365.9

266.920.991.958.4

127.219.342.5

208.6146.8

61.893.73.24.77.4

51.131.6

177.536.494.1

187.8

38.529.0

657.877.669.715.523.0

194.122.142.361.121.227.370.633.722.963.192.570.115.251.7

908.934.8

245.753.576.337.7

270.329.243.030.7

167.4

7,5871,627.8

461.6137.592.4

231.7147.439.164.6

213.320.060.843.8

125.818.942.3

202.4143.3

59.193.34.24.47.7

51.531.8

176.235.194.0

176.0

37.828.3

640.074.767.316.221.2

187.320.841.056.522.326.270.033.422.860.991.969.615.450.5

857.533.1

226.547.571.537.4

251.925.742.429.3

154.5

7,6341,647.0

461.7137.193.6

231.0149.540.464.1

221.519.865.045.0

127.119.142.6

203.6143.9

59.792.14.04.57.0

51.231.4

179.335.395.6

180.8

37.728.5

641.974.167.516.121.2

187.520.541.256.922.026.370.333.323.161.492.669.815.951.2

856.933.0

227.248.071.237.9

248.125.842.629.5

150.2

7,5981,678.6

5,5301,241.9

399.7119.471.9

208.498.132.736.0

203.616.559.349.189.812.526.41

139.1 i90.7!

I

37.0

631.5

833.1

48.4J72.83.43.56.3

40.120.783.124.136.9

135.0

28.321.6

569.769.859.213.519.8

171.019.637.652.719.923.759.928.519.450.785.166.013.140.7

784.830.2

220.147.968.336.0

232.523.636.425.8

146.7

5,4681,266.5

400.41119.6!71.4|

209.498.332.836.2

223.717.076.951.189.612.526.5

139.690.4

49.272.12.43.56.3

40.420.583.224.137.3

139.1

28.221.6

553.568.158.413.219.1

165.419.137.151.918.422.457.427.618.150.781.562.513.039.7

747.528.0

207.844.964.832.6

221.423.134.823.81

139.7!

5,2941,196.3

393.5114.571.9

207.196.231.735.8

175.215.748.837.688.611.926.2

136.487.8

48.672.43.23.46.6

41.021.784.423.039.0

127.9

28.020.9

541.265.856.714.017.6

161.218.236.048.520.021.556.827.118.148.981.262.113.239.0

704.626.8

191.439.861.532.3

206.420.134.222.91

129.2

5,3271,211.9

392.4114.072.5

205.998.433.135.7

183.215.552.838.889.812.026.4

137.288.4

48.871.1

3.13.45.9

40.521.785.122.939.4

133.0

28.421.1

542.8165.256.913.917.6

161.617.836.149.219.821.756.826.818.449.481.962.313.639.5

702.626.9

192.140.361.432.8

202.120.334.422.9

124.5

5,2911,242.9

27.1

531.9

679.5

66





(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

Code

234234123422362361238239239123922396

26262263265265326562657267267226732677

272712722732731273227427527522759276278279

28281281928228212824283283428428412842,3284428528628652869287289

29291295

303013023053052306308

June1995

48.837.111.743.917.637.6

219.720.055.759.8

698.6166.051.7

221.0130.8

19.048.4

247.348.739.123.6

1,547.0448.5130.9124.085.538.584.5

561.4366.5174.145.170.855.3

1,041.3119.674.2

158.876.048.5

259.7209.5152.842.641.468.857.4

146.926.1

118.153.592.6

147.7105.128.9

981.680.28.7

68.627.4

112.0712.1

Al

July1995

47.535.911.642.816.935.3

212.819.454.157.7

696.2165.752.0

219.9130.0

19.048.0

245.848.839.223.3

1,542.0447.3130.7124.585.938.684.2

558.8365.6172.544.870.155.1

1,038.5117.972.5

158.176.047.8

258.8208.5153.642.441.769.557.4

148.325.8

119.853.191.3

147.3104.429.1

962.180.27.5

68.427.3

109.3696.7

employees

May1996

41.230.111.136.613.935.7

213.419.154.857.4

675.9159.350.4

216.8130.6

18.345.9

237.047.437.923.6

1,524.4439.0129.5123.484.738.785.3

559.1363.1175.643.566.952.7

1,020.5116.470.7

153.975.145.3

254.7204.9148.841.839.867.256.4

146.125.9

117.653.390.9

140.198.228.1

966.478.15.8

67.727.1

109.2705.6

June1996P

41.430.311.138.014.535.8

214.319.054.658.0

681.8162.251.3

218.3131.418.646.4

237.947.638.223.2

1,527.5442.2129.8122.083.838.285.1

558.6363.5175.043.967.452.9

1,026.8116.470.3

154.675.945.4

255.7205.4151.342.239.769.457.0

147.226.1

118.552.991.7

142.799.029.7

974.577.86.0

68.127.2

109.9712.7

July1996P

_-_-____-

678.1-_-_--

-_-

1,523.9-

_-___-

_--

1,024.4_________---

_-_-

142.4_-

957.6-____-

June1995

40.532.28.3

36.814.830.5

178.116.047.048.1

529.8128.039.8

172.998.716.739.4

179.425.529.518.3

849.1155.041.766.635.631.040.2

405.0263.5124.831.854.939.4

581.854.135.6

106.348.135.7

127.2108.094.424.024.346.130.283.115.266.031.355.2

96.767.322.1

763.958.37.1

52.621.386.7

559.2

Production workers

July1995

39.131.08.1

35.714.328.4

171.315.545.845.1

529.0127.739.8

171.397.916.738.9

180.325.429.818.0

844.1154.142.066.435.231.239.6

402.1261.6123.731.654.139.2

580.753.935.4

105.748.235.2

127.0107.694.823.424.646.830.383.815.166.830.954.3

96.066.622.0

745.258.55.8

52.321.284.0

544.6

May1996

33.425.6

7.830.311.829.3

171.915.346.546.0

511.2122.838.4

168.197.716.137.3

172.322.929.418.2

832.7149.641.666.635.631.041.2

399.7259.0124.930.051.736.9

566.553.034.7

100.845.834.6

121.7100.991.023.322.745.029.984.015.566.631.554.6

90.862.321.2

747.856.94.7

51.320.983.7

551.2

June1996P

33.525.7

7.831.412.329.1

172.615.046.246.6

515.9125.339.0

169.498.216.537.7

172.923.129.318.0

832.5149.941.564.433.930.541.5

399.0259.0124.530.252.337.1

568.553.034.6

101.546.634.8

120.299.393.023.422.547.130.384.315.766.631.155.1

93.363.222.6

756.256.64.9

52.121.284.2

558.4

July1996P

--_-___--

514.2-_______--

828.8_-_-__

____-

564.2_-_____-__-_____-

93.2_-

740.2__

-

Nondurable goods—ContinuedApparel and other textile products—Continued

Women's and children's undergarmentsWomen's and children's underwearBrassieres, girdles, and allied garments

Girls' and children's outerwearGirls' and children's dresses and blouses

Misc. apparel and accessoriesMisc. fabricated textile products

Curtains and draperiesHouse furnishings, neeAutomotive and apparel trimmings

Paper and allied productsPaper millsPaperboard millsPaperboard containers and boxes

Corrugated and solid fiber boxesSanitary food containersFolding paperboard boxes

Misc. converted paper productsPaper, coated and laminated, neeBags: plastics, laminated, and coatedEnvelopes

Printing and publishingNewspapersPeriodicalsBooks

Book publishingBook printing

Miscellaneous publishingCommercial printing

Commercial printing, lithographicCommercial printing, nee

Manifold business formsBlankbooks and bookbindingPrinting trade services

Chemicals and allied productsIndustrial inorganic chemicals

Industrial inorganic chemicals, neePlastics materials and synthetics

Plastics materials and resinsOrganic fibers, noncellulosic

DrugsPharmaceutical preparations

Soap, cleaners, and toilet goodsSoap and other detergentsPolishing, sanitation, and finishing preparationsToilet preparations

Paints and allied productsIndustrial organic chemicals

Cyclic crudes and intermediatesIndustrial organic chemicals, nee

Agricultural chemicalsMiscellaneous chemical products

Petroleum and coal productsPetroleum refiningAsphalt paving and roofing materials

Rubber and misc. plastics productsTires and inner tubesRubber and plastics footwearHose, belting, gaskets, and packing

Rubber and plastics hose and beltingFabricated rubber products, neeMiscellaneous plastics products, nee


67




(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

Code

All employees

June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Production workers1

June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedLeather and leather products

Leather tanning and finishingFootwear, except rubber

Men's footwear, except athleticWomen's footwear, except athletic

LuggageHandbags and personal leather goods


Transportation

Railroad transportationClass I railroads plus Amtrak2

Local and interurban passenger transitLocal and suburban transportationTaxicabsIntercity and rural bus transportationSchool buses

Trucking and warehousingTrucking and courier services, except air ...Public warehousing and storage

Water transportationWater transportation of freight, neeWater transportation services

Transportation by airAir transportation, scheduled

Air transportation, scheduledAirports, flying fields, and services

Pipelines, except natural gas

Transportation servicesPassenger transportation arrangement

Travel agenciesFreight transportation arrangement

Communications and public utilities

CommunicationsTelephone communications

Telephone communications, except radioRadio and television broadcasting

Radio broadcasting stationsTelevision broadcasting stations

Cable and other pay television services

Electric, gas, and sanitary servicesElectric servicesGas production and distributionCombination utility servicesSanitary services

Wholesale trade

Durable goodsMotor vehicles, parts, and supplies

Automobiles and other motor vehiclesMotor vehicle supplies and new parts

Furniture and home furnishingsFurnitureHome furnishings


3131131431433144316317

404011

41411412413415

42421422

44444449

454514512458

46

474724724473

48481481348348324833484

49491492493495

505015012501350250215023

106.5;13.853.825.918.210.311.7

6,193]i

3,939 j

100.012.849.924.716.59.7

11.1

6,156

3,894

i 240.9! 239.4I 214.3! 213.0

419.4i204.2 i

31.123.6I

128.3i

96.713.146.524.214.210.610.5

6,314

4,039

233.6207.3

466.0215.1

34.423.61 25.778.1 155.9

368.2204.831.3

i1,884.3 i 1,886.9 1,874.91,740.41 1,742.8

139.8! 140.0

i

97.312.947.024.414.510.610.7

6,366

4,071

232.2206.3

452.6216.833.926.5

140.3)

1,905.8

91.8

1,724.4146.0

! 179.21I

! 12.8!i 121.01! !I 786.4I 633.3

487.6109.8

15.2

413.1205.4163.4164.1

2,254

1,331.8915.2814.2235.6113.8121.8155.7

921.8408.2155.1168.0157.7

7 i

181.71 173.312.8 13.7

123.2 120.1

790.3635.1488.9

839.1670.1506.7

110.81 118.1i

15.0 14.0

412.4205.0162.8165.6

2,262

1,339.9922.5819.3235.0113.0122.0157.6

922.5407.8154.8167.3159.6

6,457 6,470

3,760497.2130.0291.6148.468.280.2 i

3,766498.7130.2292.7149.669.580.1

438.3210.9166.9179.7

1,752.3149.0

177.213.8

122.7

846.8675.8510.8118.8

14.4

442.1211.9167.3180.4

2,275 2,295

1,377.7939.6822.2242.3115.6126.7173.5

897.6387.1147.7163.3166.2

6,577

3,856502.8134.5292.3157.773.784.0

1,392.4950.8831.4243.5116.0127.5175.5

903.0388.3149.5163.7167.6

6,623

3,882507.2135.3295.8157.073.383.7

6,329

4,029

233.4

391.4

1,908.9

83.611.543.920.315.07.87.7

5,188

77.510.740.219.213.47.17.3

5,153

385.5186.0

21.4

1,640.2

335.0186.4

21.5

1,644.7

75.010.737.519.011.68.06.5

5,313

428.9196.0

23.2

1,633.3

75.110.737.518.811.77.96.6

5,359

69.4

5,317

415.2197.7

24.0

182.9

854.5

14.4

443.6

2,300

1,398.9

1,519.7116.8

107.8

1,524.4116.6

110.1

1,507.8121.5

106.4

1,662.71,534.4

124.2

108.7

12.3

330.4167.5132.8

12.0

329.0167.0132.1

127.0j 127.7

901.1

6,633

3,885

1,027.1684.0608.9198.0

131.7

727.8318.1121.1128.2135.3

5,240

3,029405.3

119.4

1,031.6688.8611.8197.2

132.7

730.2318.1120.6128.3137.8

5,251

3,034406.0

120.0

11.3

352.2174.0137.7139.0

1,081.3719.8627.4202.7

146.6

708.2304.7115.1125.8136.5

5,316

3,085410.7

125.6

11.6

355.4175.2138.2139.1

1,092.5728.3634.9203.5

148.4

714.4306.2116.9126.3138.4

5,358

3,107415.2

5,359

125.6

68





(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

PnrloOOuc

503503150395045044504550475055065063506450655075072507450850825083508450855095093

51511511251251351451415147514851551651751715172518518151825195191

52521523525526

53531533539

54541542545546

55551

June1995

245.0124.739.0

809.2189.2303.4175.7143.2495.1212.2

50.0232.9290.0102.8115.3795.382.0

122.7322.3149.9337.0130.3

2,697253.6142.2199.5224.2903.3280.461.8

110.7110.5148.8160.665.794.9

154.4100.953.5

542.1168.7

21,369

910.0531.968.1

166.6106.7

2,620.12,294.5

133.4192.2

3,385.03,003.1

47.014.6

186.4

2,206.0995.1

All

July1995

245.1124.439.1

810.8190.5303.5174.7143.5494.8212.449.5

232.9290.4102.6115.3797.382.1

122.4323.0150.6335.9130.2

2,704256.1144.5199.1225.6906.7281.162.1

109.9110.9148.5160.865.994.9

156.0101.654.4

540.2167.4

21,314

900.2531.468.5

164.898.4

2,628.32,304.4

133.5190.4

3,387.63,008.0

46.414.4

183.2

2,214.1997.7

employees

May1996

247.9125.139.5

863.8205.7319.2189.3146.9502.7216.648.9

237.2288.6101.5114.5806.5

84.9122.6325.7153.0339.1133.2

2,721266.0152.0204.2224.1901.2277.561.1

112.9107.0145.3162.065.596.5

154.3100.753.6

556.9175.2

21,528

941.0545.968.2

166.0121.6

2,626.02,314.9

125.6185.5

3,407.33,008.5

47.29.9

196.4

2,267.01,027.3

June1996P

250.7125.840.2

866.8206.0319.7189.9148.7505.1218.3

48.6238.2291.2102.9114.4812.585.8

123.6328.4153.0342.4134.3

2,741268.9154.9205.6229.5907.5278.661.6

113.4107.0146.6162.965.897.1

157.2103.154.1

555.7173.5

21,785

960.2565.269.8

168.1116.6

2,662.22,351.8

125.4185.0

3,443.43,030.7

49.110.6

198.6

2,294.41,033.3

July1996P

-_--_

_-____________-

2,748--___________-_---

21,797

953.6_

_-

2,674.42,365.5

--

3,454.0-__-

2,312?1,039.8

June1995

202.3-_

653.4-_

143.9115.3389.8

___

234.7_-

633.0_-_-

275.5- '

2,211208.7

_165.0176.7758.0

___89.8

113.3132.5

__

125.6__

441.4-

18,809

765.4454.9

53.2137.689.7

2,438.42,154.6

116.8167.0

3,081.12,753.9

__

164.0

1,839.6831.1

Production workers1

July1995

202.9__

653.0-_

143.6116.0390.6

___

235.2_-

635.3___

274.6-

2,217211.3

_164.6178.1761.0

___90.1

112.6133.3

__

127.3__

438.2-

18,757

755.9454.2

53.7136.081.5

2,445.72,163.8

116.9165.0

3,082.02,756.8

_161.3

1,846.9833.5

May1996

204.4-_

685.9-_

155.9118.9386.4

___

232.6__

643.9____

276.1-

2,231220.4

-170.3178.6758.8

--_86.6

107.3133.6

_-

125.0__

449.9-

18,933

787.6463.1

52.7136.8103.3

2,442.72,174.4

108.3160.0

3,091.82,750.7

__

172.8

1,893.4859.0

June1996P

206.9-

688.0-_

156.0120.4387.3

___

235.1__

648.9____

279.1-

2,251224.1

_171.3183.7764.7

___86.5

108.1134.8

--

127.5__

450.1-

19,170

805.1480.6

54.3138.898.6

2,476.72,209.3

107.9159.5

3,122.12,768.2

__

174.8

1,918.3864.2

July1996P

__

-

_

_

-________-

_-____________-

--

19,166

_-__-

_-_-

____-

-

Wholesale trade—ContinuedDurable goods—Continued

Lumber and other construction materialsLumber, plywood, and millworkConstruction materials, nee

Professional and commercial equipmentOffice equipmentComputers, peripherals and softwareMedical and hospital equipment

Metals and minerals, except petroleumElectrical goods

Electrical apparatus and equipmentElectrical appliances, television and radio setsElectronic parts and equipment

Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipmentHardwarePlumbing and hydronic heating supplies

Machinery, equipment, and suppliesConstruction and mining machineryFarm and garden machineryIndustrial machinery and equipmentIndustrial supplies

Misc. wholesale trade durable goodsScrap and waste materials

Nondurable goodsPaper and paper products

Stationery and office suppliesDrugs, proprietaries, and sundriesApparel, piece goods, and notionsGroceries and related products

Groceries, general lineMeats and meat productsFresh fruits and vegetables

Farm-product raw materialsChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and petroleum products

Petroleum bulk stations and terminalsPetroleum products, nee

Beer, wine, and distilled beveragesBeer and aleWine and distilled beverages

Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goodsFarm supplies

Retail trade

Building materials and garden suppliesLumber and other building materialsPaint, glass, and wallpaper storesHardware storesRetail nurseries and garden stores

General merchandise storesDepartment storesVariety storesMiscellaneous general merchandise stores

Food storesGrocery storesMeat and fish marketsDairy products storesRetail bakeries

Automotive dealers and service stationsNew and used car dealers


69




(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

Code

All employees

June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Production workers1

June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Retail trade—ContinuedAutomotive dealers and service stations—Continued

Auto and home supply storesGasoline service stationsAutomotive dealers, nee

Apparel and accessory storesMen's and boys' clothing storesWomen's clothing storesFamily clothing storesShoe stores

Furniture and home furnishings storesFurniture and home furnishings stores

Furniture storesHousehold appliance storesRadio, television, and computer stores ,

Radio, television, and electronic storesRecord and prerecorded tape stores

Eating and drinking places

Miscellaneous retail establishmentsDrug stores and proprietary storesLiquor storesUsed merchandise storesMiscellaneous shopping goods stores

Sporting goods and bicycle shopsBook storesStationery storesJewelry storesGift, novelty, and souvenir shopsSewing, needlework, and piece goods

Nonstore retailersCatalog and mail-order housesMerchandising machine operators

Fuel dealersRetail stores, nee

Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstandsOptical goods storesMiscellaneous retail stores, nee

Finance, insurance, and real estate3

Finance

Depository institutionsCommercial banks

State commercial banksNational and commercial banks, nee

Savings institutionsFederal savings institutionsSavings institutions, except federal

Credit unions

Nondepository institutionsPersonal credit institutionsBusiness credit institutionsMortgage bankers and brokers

Security and commodity brokersSecurity brokers and dealersCommodity contracts brokers, dealers, and

exchangesSecurity and commodity services

Holding and other investment officesHolding offices


553554559

56561562565566

57571571257257357315735

58

59591592593594594159425943594459475949596596159625985995992,3,459955999

6060260226021,960360356036606

61614615616

62621

622,3628

67671

376.9651.9

8.8

1,118.984.0

336.7315.2201.4

934.4488.7291.1

77.9367.8161.379.4

7,580.9

2,614.0603.7110.9100.3907.5178.9108.179.4

133.4216.1

55.0311.9186.969.998.2

481.5143.166.1

272.3

6,877

3,242

2,034.31,474.5

594.3880.2275.4148.5126.9156.4

457.9141.492.7

201.7

523.6398.7

24.1100.8

226.6103.4

379.4654.9

8.8

1,117.482.5

336.3312.1203.5

932.6488.4291.0

77.6366.6160.579.3

7,525.5

2,607.8601.5112.0100.1906.0179.5107.979.9

131.3218.6

52.6315.5190.069.397.9

474.8137.865.6

271.4

6,904

3,254

2,038.81,479.1

594.8884.3274.5148.1126.4157.0

461.7142.092.9

204.9

524.3399.3

24.0101.0

229.0105.1

391.4659.8

9.0

1,078.179.5

327.0294.4200.7

954.2502.8301.6

73.8377.6167.975.8

7,606.6

2,647.5607.2112.8106.9908.5174.2116.385.1

130.1210.0

53.0315.9192.468.899.0

497.2163.866.4

267.0

6,959

3,309

2,021.91,464.1

594.4869.7266.4145.1121.3161.8

507.5152.6101.8229.7

535.8407.9

24.6103.3

243.6111.4

397.0671.8

9.3

1,092.179.2

325.3303.1202.4

964.0511.5305.6

74.7377.8168.276.0

7,727.9

2,640.5608.8113.4107.6905.8176.3109.085.2

130.0215.0

52.5314.7191.768.199.3

490.9148.566.7

275.7

7,034

3,340

2,041.31,479.1

601.7877.4269.0147.0122.0162.8

511.5153.3102.7231.7

543.7414.5

25.3103.9

243.8111.8

1,094.8

971.1

7,698.3

2,638.5

299.8562.1

7.4

909.767.3

271.0269.5156.9

752.1395.4

63.0293.7132.557.0

6,850.4

2,172.2503.2

84.1752.0

7,074

3,360

2,049.51,486.2

268.4

514.9

233.0

548.7

246.7

264.5

80.5397.2

53.6220.5

5,033

1,466.81,049.0

429.0620.0

124.7

331.6104.0

66.8

302.9564.1

7.4

909.666.2

271.0266.7158.4

750.7394.6

62.9293.2132.257.0

6,800.0

2,166.2500.7

84.4750.7

266.8

80.2391.4

53.4220.0

5,055

1,471.01,053.2

429.4623.8

125.1

334.6104.0

66.7

313.2569.4

7.4

881.663.3

268.3252.5155.3

770.4404.3

59.8306.3138.558.2

6,863.5

2,202.1504.4

89.2754.3

266.9

81.9413.5

54.5216.3

5,080

1,455.61,039.8

425.7614.1

128.5

369.5109.2

67.6

318.1581.0

7.7

895.263.0

266.9262.0156.4

781.7412.4

60.5308.8139.159.0

6,978.8

2,191.7504.7

89.6749.9

265.7

82.0407.5

54.5224.5

5,151

1,473.11,053.7

432.1621.6

129.3

371.1109.3

~ I

68.6

5,190

70





(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

Code

All employees

June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Production workers1

June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Finance, insurance, and real estate—ContinuedInsurance

Insurance carriersLife insuranceMedical service and health insurance

Hospital and medical service plansFire, marine, and casualty insuranceTitle insurance

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

Real estateReal estate operators and lessorsReal estate agents and managersSubdividers and developers

Services

Agricultural servicesVeterinary servicesLandscape and horticultural services

Hotels and other lodging placesHotels and motels

Personal servicesLaundry, cleaning, and garment servicesPhotographic studios, portraitBeauty shopsFuneral service and crematoriesMiscellaneous personal services

Business servicesAdvertising

Advertising agenciesCredit reporting and collectionMailing, reproduction, and stenographic services

Photocopying and duplicating servicesServices to buildings

Disinfecting and pest control servicesBuilding maintenance services, nee

Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasingMedical equipment rentalHeavy construction equipment rentalEquipment rental and leasing, nee

Personnel supply servicesEmployment agenciesHelp supply services

Computer and data processing servicesComputer programming servicesPrepackaged softwareComputer integrated systems designData processing and preparationInformation retrieval servicesComputer maintenance and repair

Miscellaneous business servicesDetective and armored car servicesSecurity systems servicesPhotofinishing laboratories

Auto repair, services, and parkingAutomotive rentals, without drivers

Passenger car rentalAutomobile parkingAutomotive repair shops

Automotive and tire repair shopsGeneral automotive repair shops


63,64

636316326324633636

64

65651653655

07074078

70701

72721722723726729

73731731173273373347347342734973573527353735973673617363737737173727373737473757378738738173827384

7575175147527537532,47538

2,244

1,544.0576.9305.0244.2535.063.9

700.0

1,391584.9654.7121.6

33,365

642.8167.2426.9

1,762.71,691.5

1,138.4436.3

73.3391.2

92.5127.8

6,779.5235.9159.2119.5277.1

70.4889.283.9

805.3229.5

37.042.0

150.52,452.2

284.52,167.71,076.3

244.9181.6128.3222.6

55.447.2

1,499.8530.748.372.8

1,025.5185.3116.965.8

568.1199.1235.3

2,247

1,548.4578.4307.1246.2535.164.5

698.9

1,403589.3662.5121.5

33,420

641.7168.4424.5

1,796.91,714.7

1,126.9436.0

72.4388.0

92.2121.4

6,785.5237.4160.3120.1275.4

70.0885.183.8

801.3230.738.142.0

150.62,450.1

284.22,165.91,085.0

246.7184.4128.7224.0

56.247.7

1,501.7535.848.672.6

1,028.8186.7118.064.8

570.3199.1236.4

2,259

1,550.3558.7324.0262.5531.4

71.2

708.4

1,391581.2658.3120.4

34,370

658.8169.8442.4

1,694.11,634.9

2,265

1,555.2556.1326.8264.8534.8

71.7

710.1

1,429598.4676.3121.6

34,671

686.7173.5464.5

1,796.91,709.5

1,159.7437.8

75.9393.9

93.6141.5

7,099.6252.3171.1121.3301.8

75.5902.886.8

816.0233.7

39.243.6

150.92,582.2

298.92,283.31,180.3

266.5201.8136.3240.365.351.5

1,525.2549.548.573.1

1,081.1197.0126.164.8

603.5214.6247.3

1,145.4439.5

76.5394.2

95.0123.4

7,200.1255.1173.2122.2306.0

111903.0

87.3815.7239.439.944.7

154.82,638.0

298.42,339.61,193.1

268.7204.5138.4240.766.551.9

1,543.3553.849.072.8

1,095.6201.7129.465.2

613.6217.5251.8

2,270

1,558.5

711.2

1,444

34,723

686.4

1,829.8

1,133.7

7,243.8

902.5

2,679.6

2,380.51,202.6

1,104.2

1,104.9386.9250.6203.7364.1

29,210

545.9140.5365.6

1,493.8

385.6

350.9

107.1

6,039.1172.3

57.5797.267.1

730.1186.229.336.1

120.8

2,104.8866.5205.9

96.2

42.539.0

1,317.2493.441.1

848.0152.998.258.5

460.1164.7189.0

1,109.1389.0252.8205.6363.5

29,246

544.5141.5363.0

1,513.6

385.5

347.2

101.5

6,038.9173.7

57.4793.066.9

726.1186.530.336.1

120.1

2,101.9874.6207.8

96.4

42.939.4

1,315.6498.540.9

850.2153.999.057.6

461.9164.4189.8

1,106.8370.2266.1218.2360.2

30,065

558.7142.1378.6

1,437.6

385.5

351.3

118.3

6,316.3185.0

63.1810.0

69.3740.7189.131.237.2

120.7

2,221.2944.8223.7

98.9

49.139.2

1,333.7510.740.7

890.7162.0105.957.0

487.6177.2199.2

1,112.7369.6268.4220.2363.9

30,337

585.1145.4399.9

1,508.4

387.5

351.5

103.0

6,406.6188.3

64.9809.1

69.6739.5194.431.738.4

124.3

2,275.7952.8225.8

99.2

50.438.9

1,350.4513.241.3

903.0166.5108.757.5

495.4179.0202.5

30,374

71




(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

Code

All employees

June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Production workers1

June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Services—ContinuedAuto repair, services, and parking—Continued

Automotive services, except repairCarwashes

Miscellaneous repair servicesElectrical repair shops

Motion picturesMotion picture production and servicesMotion picture theatersVideo tape rental

Amusement and recreation servicesBowling centersMisc. amusement and recreation services

Physical fitness facilitiesMembership sports and recreation clubs

Health servicesOffices and clinics of medical doctorsOffices and clinics of dentistsOffices and clinics of other health practitionersOffices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists

Nursing and personal care facilitiesSkilled nursing care facilitiesIntermediate care facilitiesNursing and personal care, nee

HospitalsGeneral medical and surgical hospitalsPsychiatric hospitalsSpecialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric

Medical and dental laboratoriesHome health care services

Legal services

Educational servicesElementary and secondary schoolsColleges and universitiesVocational schools

Social servicesIndividual and family servicesJob training and related servicesChild day care servicesResidential careSocial services, nee

Museums and botanical and zoological gardens

Membership organizationsBusiness associationsProfessional organizationsLabor organizationsCivic and social associations

Engineering and management servicesEngineering and architectural services

Engineering servicesArchitecturaf servicesSurveying services

Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping


7547542

76762

78781783784

7979379979917997

808018028048041,2805805180528059806806280638069807808

81

82821822824

83832833835836839

84

86861862863864

87871871187128713872

206.3115.5

357.5109.3

485.9191.3128.7144.9

1,647.571.2

1,263.3151.7395.0

9,264.81,607.4

599.2407.3160.6

1,692.81,251.1

213.6228.1

3,787.53,487.6

92.0207.9192.0626.3

937.4

1,784.9554.9994.376.4

2,332.1630.0311.3552.1646.6192.1

86.9

207.0114.6

360.1110.2

498.1197.2133.7146.0

1,689.469.5

1,304.8

215.8120.7

365.6112.8

526.9234.9120.2150.4

1,586.878.3

1,179.7

215.1120.2

369.1114.5

533.9233.8128.2150.5

1,739.571.1

1,328.6

371.0

536.6

1,776.5

176.5101.7

291.5

405.0159.7

118.3

1,462.662.5

1,122.3

176.8100.6

293.9

417.1165.3

119.5

1,501.860.9

1,163.5

184.1105.9

298.4

439.7196.9

121.9

1,394.469.9

1,040.1150.1408.8

9,290.91,612.2

600.7409.1161.7

1,698.4

167.5372.1

9,532.01,662.7

621.2444.2172.3

1,732.5

168.5434.8

9,584.51,677.8

623.6448.0173.5

1,745.4

9,598.11,683.6

1,751.8

135.1351.1

8,212.61,313.4

522.7337.1

1,528.3

133.5364.1

8,232.01,317.7

524.1338.1

1,532.9

149.8327.3

8,448.91,361.4

546.2368.2

1,560.31,255.9

213.5229.0

3,796.3

1,280.7219.4232.4

3,843.2

1,290.6220.5234.3

3,857.5 3,859.4

192.5

3,465.6

192.0

3,471.4

197.8

3,516.9

2,167.2107.556.9

143.1454.7

2,759.7823.7639.8130.453.5

539.5

3,496.791.2

208.4193.4629.6

935.3

1,708.5524.3945.6

75.6

2,301.9633.1314.3513.6647.9193.0

88.3

2,199.1

3,541.390.4

211.5206.6658.7

923.3

2,025.0590.8

1,186.785.0

2,416.3646.5309.3590.3662.7207.5

87.6

107.756.8

134.5489.6

2,777.0827.5641.1132.154.3

542.2

2,143.3106.157.8

138.7432.9

2,876.8837.9650.0133.054.9

565.8

3,555.490.4

211.7209.2659.9

943.8

1,813.9562.0

1,004.882.5

2,387.4646.1317.1556.2671.0197.0

91.7

2,182.9106.758.1

138.1468.9

2,906.2857.3662.4137.357.6

563.1

183.6105.6

301.8

446.9195.5

122.0

1,539.962.7

1,183.7150.2388.2

8,498.01,374.4

547.4370.6

1,572.0

198.9

3,534.7

654.7

947.0

1,724.8

2,359.5

512.1675.4

93.4

2,211.8

2,913.2860.7

579.9

750.7

2,019.4547.3265.4486.3563.3157.1

40.3

2,124.2680.6534.4101.844.4

391.7

582.7

748.8

609.5

737.3

1,995.9549.9268.3450.5563.3163.9

40.4

2,136.8684.7536.1103.445.2

390.7

2,093.8561.2264.6521.8574.4171.8

41.2

2,210.6690.0540.5104.145.4

405.1

610.3

755.9

2,069.6560.6272.1490.6581.6164.7

41.3

2,237.1707.7552.0107.947.8

402.8

72





(In thousands)

Industry1987SIC

Code

All employees

June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Production workers1

June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Services—ContinuedEngineering and management services—Continued

Research and testing servicesCommercial physical researchCommercial nonphysical researchNoncommercial research organizations

Management and public relationsManagement servicesManagement consulting servicesPublic relations services

Services, nee

Government

Federal Government4

Executive, by agency4

Department of DefensePostal Service5

Other executive agenciesLegislativeJudicial

Federal Government, except Postal Service

Federal Government, by industry:Manufacturing activities

Ship building and repairingTransportation and public utilities, except Postal

ServiceServices

Hospitals

State governmentHospitalsEducationGeneral administration, including executive, legislative,

and judicial functionsState government, except education

Local governmentTransportation and public utilitiesHospitalsEducationGeneral administration, including executive, legislative,

and judicial functionsLocal government, except education

873873187328733874874187428743

89

3731

806

80682

80682

576.1224.0121.7139.0820.4286.8280.334.7

44.6

19,381

2,855

2,791.5789.2839.4

1,162.934.828.2

2,015.1

67.434.8

20.7384.8234.2

4,499396.8

1,750.5

1,842.22,748.2

12,027462.0679.8

6,614.4

3,804.75,412.3

574.8223.6118.8140.8832.5290.3284.734.6

44.5

18,257

2,851

2,787.6786.9838.9

1,161.834.728.3

2,011.7

66.233.8

20.7387.8236.4

4,398395.5

1,645.3

1,849.1

575.2220.7124.0135.2897.9320.8307.935.3

45.5

19,861

2,773

2,712.1749.3852.5

1,110.332.428.7

1,920.7

56.025.6

19.9374.5228.6

4,712384.7

2,022.0

1,815.62,753.1

11,008462.3681.9

5,473.2

3,893.25,535.2

2,689.5

12,376451.1688.8

7,082.3

3,701.15,293.4

580.5222.2125.3136.6905.3323.2312.535.7

46.1

19,513

2,782

1,930.7

55.324.8

20.0375.5228.3

4,500384.3

1,778.5

1,840.32,721.9

12,231455.2692.1

6,760.9

3,835.95,469.7

911.3

46.1

18,398

2J77

445.0163.599.2

108.5606.9203.3211.1

23.1

35.6

444.2163.796.2

110.3617.2206.1214.922.8

35.3

444.3158.4102.2105.3671.2234.0231.2

22.8

36.3

448.6159.3103.6106.6678.0237.0234.6

23.1

37.0

1,926.5

4,401

1,671.1

2,729.9

11,220

5,619.3

5,601.1


2 Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7million or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.

3 Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.4 Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to

civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and

the National Security Agency.5 Includes rural mail carriers.- Data not available.p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from

March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 forward are subject torevision.

73


ESTABLISHMENT DATAWOMEN EMPLOYEESNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group

(In thousands)

Industry Apr.1995

May1995

Mar.1996

Apr.1996

May1996

Total

Total private

Goods-producing

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing



Service-producing


Wholesale trade

Retail trade


Services

GovernmentFederalStateLocal

56,474

. 45,644

6,641

81

561

5,999

2,810127160104100317444675365343174

3,18952912

3197211666933302433660

49,833

1,808

1,946

10,939

4,282

20,028

10,8301,1822,4077,241

56,730

45,902

6,649

81

567

6,001

2,812128159104101317444677364343174

3,18953311

3177201656933302533659

50,081

1,818

1,957

11,100

4,292

20,086

10,8281,1882,3737,267

57,330

46,340

6,518

78

585

5,855

2,797127156100100316452684349342172

3,05852612

2996441616873242332754

50,812

1,888

2,007

10,948

4,357

20,622

10,9901,1642,4177,409

57,575

46,598

6,515

78

592

5,845

57,986

46,966

6,546

78

600

5,868

2,802128155101100316451683355341171

3,043519122986411616863242332754

51,060

1,892

2,008

11,076

4,366

20,741

10,9771,1662,4197,392

2,814130156102101318451684357343172

3,054526113006411626873222432953

51,440

1,906

2,021

11,282

4,389

20,822

11,0201,1682,3787,474

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected fromMarch 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are

introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 forward are subject torevision.

74


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT


B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

(In thousands)

State and area

Total

June1995

1,812.9443.8166.3211.8151.472.3

276.5124.4

1,757.41,198.7

293.8

1,074.2131.192.9

292.935.3

12,493.1176.2267.9

3,770.8124.1900.3

1,156.1776.6591.9109.6985.8918.2834.7146.4152.1160.1143.9240.3

1,849.1146.5199.0990.8

1,577.3180.583.9

587.8241.4134.0193.283.6

369.451.8

282.1

648.92,435.9

6,003.8145.5581.8144.1105.9484.3162.1168.9929.4718.0145.7207.6142.3997.3393.8

May1996

1,819.5447.3165.9217.9152.474.2

267.0121.8

1,858.31,275.6

310.4

1,086.1133.992.3

296.835.3

12,714.9175.3265.1

3,841.8125.5909.8

1,175.0795.7601.9111.6991.6920.2864.1147.9154.9161.9143.6243.6

1,897.3151.2209.0

1,014.8

1,582.0180.582.4

590.1241.8133.9195.284.8

379.352.9

290.4

631.92,428.6

6,171.8147.1606.4150.5109.8493.3164.7168.9949.9729.3149.7217.2148.2

1,025.2405.6

June1996P

1,820.6446.9165.9219.2153.273.0

279.7125.4

1,835.41,261.4

303.4

1,091.0134.292.2

297.735.3

12,780.8175.9266.3

3,849.1127.0913.3

1,181.0794.3606.3112.9996.5926.6868.6147.7155.3162.5145.2243.1

1,905.7151.6211.6

1,019.5

1,592.1181.282.7

590.2242.7136.4197.785.8

382.653.6

291.9

633.92,445.7

6,163.6147.7606.2149.4107.5492.3164.0169.1948.4734.9150.2216.3146.5

1,021.9404.2

Mining

June1995

11.13.3

(1)(1)(1)

2.6

10.22.7

12.45.22.3

3.6(1)

.7V)(1)

30.311.0

.66.0

(2)2.3

.91.2.3.1.3.6.1

1.3.5.1.4

2.0

14.9O(1)

7.4

.8(2)(1)(1)OO(1)(2)

.1(2)

.2

.1

.8

6.9(2)

.2(2)(2)(2)

3.5(2)

.3(2)(2)(2)(2)

.4(2)

May1996

11.23.5

(1)(1)(1)

2.6

9.92.8

12.45.12.3

3.3(1)

.80(1)

29.010.7

.55.7

(2)2.31.01.1.3.1.3.6.1

1.2.4.1.4

1.7

13.8V)0)

7.2

.8(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)O(2)

.1(2)

.2

.1

.9

7.2(2)

.2(2)(2)(2)

3.8(2)

.3(2)(2)(2)(2)

.5(2)

June1996^

11.43.5

(1)(1)(1)

2.6

10.32.8

12.55.12.4

3.4

n .8(1)(1)

29.110.8

.55.9

(2)2.31.01.1.3.1.3.6.1

1.1.4.1.4

1.6

14.0(1)O

7.2

.8(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(2)

.1(2)

.2

.1

.9

7.2(2)

.2(2)(2)(2)

3.9(2)

.3(2)(2)(2)(2)

.5(2)

June1995

87.223.1

5.814.97.94.6

15.17.5

116.981.419.7

45.45.63.5

13.9.8

496.58.5

13.9112.3

6.242.950.744.128.7

4.043.627.828.4

5.47.76.78.6

11.4

105.55.9

10.654.1

53.65.73.1

21.28.23.95.23.0

19.42.5

14.7

9.3116.9

306.07.5

32.710.84.1

25.48.08.4

36.836.9

9.59.95.2

44.623.4

Construction

May1996

88.323.9

5.415.88.24.7

13.56.4

122.387.220.0

46.55.73.6

14.0.7

504.38.7

13.0120.4

6.243.650.545.128.3

4.043.228.530.0

5.28.37.08.9

11.2

111.86.3

12.857.2

54.96.03.0

20.99.14.85.22.8

20.72.5

14.7

9.2113.5

310.56.7

33.111.33.7

26.17.88.9

37.737.69.9

10.75.3

45.423.3

June1996P

90.024.1

5.516.38.44.7

15.67.4

123.988.020.3

48.15.83.6

14.3.7

518.58.7

13.6121.9

6.445.451.546.229.84.0

43.729.330.6

5.48.67.39.2

11.5

117.36.7

13.759.7

57.86.43.1

21.89.34.95.53.0

21.02.5

15.1

9.1115.6

312.16.9

33.511.23.8

26.27.78.9

37.837.610.010.85.5

45.723.9

AlabamaBirminghamHuntsvilleMobileMontgomeryTuscaloosa

AlaskaAnchorage

ArizonaPhoenix-MesaTucson

ArkansasFayetteville-Springdale-RogersFort SmithLittle Rock-North Little RockPine Bluff

CaliforniaBakersfieldFresnoLos Angeles-Long BeachModestoOaklandOrange CountyRiverside-San BernardinoSacramentoSalinasSan DiegoSan FranciscoSan JoseSanta Barbara-Santa Maria-LompocSanta RosaStockton-LodiVallejo-Fairfield-NapaVentura

ColoradoBoulder-LongmontColorado SpringsDenver

ConnecticutBridgeportDanburyHartfordNew Haven-MeridenNew London-NorwichStamford-NorwalkWaterbury

DelawareDoverWilmington-Newark

District of ColumbiaWashington PMSA

FloridaDaytona BeachFort LauderdaleFort Myers-Cape CoralGainesvilleJacksonvilleLakeland-Winter HavenMelbourne-Titusville-Palm BayMiamiOrlandoPensacolaSarasota-BradentonTallahasseeTampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater ....West Palm Beach-Boca Raton


75


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENTNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued

(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

June1995

394.154.237.827.218.410.8

19.62.4

193.3148.827.6

260.334.728.435.6

7.8

1,793.49.5

29.4639.1

24.0106.6206.1

94.240.0

8.9114.472.2

229.416.521.222.815.630.3

191.829.824.387.6

282.442.019.691.440.828.228.318.7

59.76.4

43.2

13.193.6

484.113.740.9

6.25.6

35.320.927.377.651.211.220.2

4.986.728.9

May1996

379.352.138.226.817.410.5

15.82.1

197.8154.627.7

253.633.827.334.4

7.9

1,807.19.3

28.5636.6

25.0108.9205.3

95.241.5

9.2113.172.9

242.117.021.421.215.930.9

193.929.325.089.4

276.840.519.489.640.026.126.618.5

61.16.5

44.3

12.893.3

479.213.941.3

6.35.6

35.420.626.075.350.811.120.9

5.085.228.4

June1996P

380.052.138.226.817.510.6

19.22.3

199.0155.927.8

255.533.927.634.5

8.0

1,817.49.3

28.5636.5

25.7109.3205.5

96.741.8

9.4113.373.8

243.617.121.821.816.030.9

195.329.624.790.0

278.440.419.290.240.026.326.718.6

61.66.5

44.9

13.193.6

479.813.941.56.35.4

35.620.126.275.951.011.220.9

5.185.228.3

Transportation andpublic utilities

June1995

90.130.3

3.613.16.62.4

24.512.2

86.360.513.4

63.59.35.9

20.01.9

630.69.4

13.2204.5

5.258.542.541.125.0

4.837.073.524.0

5.25.7

11.25.6

10.7

118.13.0

10.084.3

72.77.43.0

25.216.66.48.83.4

16.11.7

14.1

20.3113.6

303.93.8

28.96.42.1

34.48.54.5

77.338.2

6.75.23.6

44.114.4

May1996

88.529.2

3.513.36.52.3

23.211.6

87.761.213.5

65.19.46.1

20.71.9

633.69.1

12.8204.7

5.459.043.641.125.4

4.737.673.124.3

5.35.5

12.05.8

10.8

120.53.2

10.684.6

71.87.23.2

25.316.46.38.93.5

16.61.8

14.3

19.6116.3

310.23.8

29.26.42.3

34.98.44.5

79.637.56.65.33.6

44.214.5

June1996^

89.329.0

3.613.66.72.3

24.612.1

89.062.513.5

65.49.46.1

20.51.9

638.59.4

12.9205.8

5.459.543.741.425.8

4.937.873.424.5

5.35.6

12.45.9

10.6

120.83.2

10.584.9

72.67.33.2

25.516.66.58.93.6

16.61.8

14.4

19.8117.5

311.33.9

29.36.42.3

35.08.44.5

79.437.8

6.85.33.7

43.814.7


June1995

412.7108.832.456.835.317.0

58.030.6

445.3305.268.1

244.536.019.467.9

7.6

2,924.341.466.2

843.431.9

204.9291.3205.5131.029.2

230.4199.5167.535.239.238.737.257.8

457.632.844.9

. 245.4

344.540.122.1

123.850.428.243.416.4

85.013.559.5

54.1470.0

1,538.041.4

162.739.722.9

118.044.339.3

239.0177.335.052.630.8

244.9103.2

May1996

419.7109.533.658.935.716.8

55.529.9

461.4320.9

70.2

249.736.619.170.0

7.5

2,976.442.364.3

862.832.2

207.6295.2208.3131.929.2

231.8199.3172.735.840.039.237.658.9

472.133.447.9

252.4

345.340.220.8

122.350.428.341.915.7

85.513.759.6

52.6469.5

1,582.742.3

170.943.024.0

119.945.740.0

243.5179.535.554.132.4

252.1106.3

June1996?

423.1110.433.959.735.917.0

58.931.0

459.7319.869.4

251.637.419.070.8

7.5

2,996.242.564.5

867.932.3

209.5297.6209.7133.129.6

232.8200.4173.435.840.139.437.958.6

467.433.848.0

248.6

348.940.320.9

122.651.429.442.315.9

87.214.059.9

52.8474.3

1,576.042.5

170.342.424.0

120.345.739.7

242.2179.935.853.232.5

251.0105.6


AlaskaAnchorage








FloridaDaytona BeachFort LauderdaleFort Myers-Cape CoralGainesvilleJacksonvilleLakeland-Winter HavenMelbourne-Titusville-Palm BayMiamiOrlandoPensacolaSarasota-BradentonTallahasseeTampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater ...West Palm Beach-Boca Raton


76




B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued

(In thousands)

State and area


June1995

77.830.74.69.18.52.1

12.07.3

106.786.811.6

42.24.43.0

16.71.4

740.26.2

13.9225.4

4.653.985.629.139.6

6.455.796.129.0

7.39.78.35.6

12.0

113.75.39.9

75.9

133.310.13.7

73.714.13.5

21.94.1

41.21.7

36.3

30.4134.7

376.86.7

41.68.24.5

48.47.85.7

66.241.6

5.610.65.3

66.726.4

May1996

78.331.44.59.38.52.2

11.67.1

108.488.911.9

42.34.53.0

16.91.3

735.86.0

13.4224.2

4.452.784.629.341.6

6.655.394.728.3

7.29.48.25.4

12.2

115.75.59.9

78.3

132.49.83.5

72.514.13.6

22.64.1

42.81.6

38.2

29.6131.9

384.06.7

43.48.44.6

47.77.55.7

68.242.1

5.410.65.4

69.426.1

June1996P

78.831.5

4.69.48.52.2

11.97.2

108.989.411.9

42.84.53.0

17.01.3

737.56.0

13.4224.7

4.552.984.829.241.4

6.555.594.928.3

7.19.38.35.5

12.2

116.95.4

10.078.8

133.29.93.6

72.314.23.7

23.24.1

42.91.7

38.3

29.7132.7

385.16.7

43.58.34.6

47.87.65.6

68.242.2

5.310.65.5

69.726.3

June1995

396.6125.142.956.537.912.6

64.533.5

519.6361.5

91.9

238.724.423.182.5

8.1

3,737.740.566.9

1,197.029.1

258.8348.9201.9160.430.3

314.9321.3268.6

44.842.338.537.171.8

544.344.466.2

295.7

471.455.123.3

160.681.033.668.125.8

97.511.378.5

266.7890.7

2,065.449.4

193.449.330.4

158.643.658.5

298.3293.249.583.736.7

379.5146.8

Services

May1996

406.7127.942.059.340.013.4

62.733.4

545.6385.593.6

243.425.822.483.08.2

3,884.340.566.9

1,251.528.7

266.9362.0206.4164.431.3

320.1324.0279.0

45.343.940.138.273.2

554.645.968.7

303.1

475.556.523.0

161.781.332.972.327.7

101.111.982.4

265.2899.6

2,141.750.2

203.751.431.0

162.545.258.9

310.2299.7

52.489.537.8

394.6155.0

June1996P

408.2128.542.060.139.913.5

66.234.4

548.6386.0

93.0

246.225.622.983.8

8.3

3,901.840.967.6

1,248.929.3

267.7365.1205.5165.431.8

322.7326.2280.9

45.344.439.738.773.7

565.746.670.6

308.4

479.056.423.2

161.680.833.673.528.2

102.312.083.0

265.7909.7

2,148.750.2

203.851.130.9

163.544.759.3

310.6305.6

52.689.438.3

393.3154.2

June1995

343.368.339.234.236.820.2

72.628.2

276.9149.359.2

176.016.78.9

56.37.7

2,140.149.763.8

543.123.1

172.4130.1159.5166.925.9

189.5127.287.730.725.833.833.844.3

303.225.333.1

140.4

218.620.1

9.191.930.330.217.512.2

50.414.735.6

254.9615.6

922.723.081.423.436.363.825.525.2

133.979.228.025.355.6

130.450.7

Governmen

May1996

347.569.838.734.536.121.7

74.828.5

322.7172.271.2

182.218.110.057.8

7.8

2,144.448.765.7

535.923.6

168.8132.8169.2168.526.5

190.2127.187.630.926.034.131.444.7

314.927.634.1

142.6

224.520.3

9.597.830.531.917.712.5

51.414.936.7

242.8603.6

956.323.584.623.638.666.425.724.9

135.181.728.526.058.5

133.852.0

June1996P

339.867.838.133.336.320.1

73.028.2

293.8154.765.1

178.017.69.2

56.87.6

2,141.848.365.3

537.523.4

166.7131.8164.5168.726.6

190.4128.087.230.625.133.531.644.0

308.326.334.1

141.9

221.420.5

9.596.230.432.017.612.4

50.915.136.1

243.6601.4

943.423.684.123.636.563.525.924.9

134.080.428.326.055.7

132.751.2


AlaskaAnchorage








FloridaDaytona BeachFort LauderdaleFort Myers-Cape CoralGainesvilleJacksonvilleLakeland-Winter HavenMelboume-Titusville-Palm BayMiamiOrlandoPensacolaSarasota-BradentonTallahasseeTampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater ....West Palm Beach-Boca Raton


77




(In thousands)

State and area

Total

June1995

3,426.856.969.0

1,824.1192.2108.5142.0127.6

536.7411.7

483.0181.2

5,649.475.192.0

3,949.1173.855.242.9

160.0174.5111.7

2,789.257.8

117.1149.5261.3255.9798.4

52.481.958.5

132.868.6

1,378.3108.3265.9

51.363.563.967.4

1,210.040.8

100.7258.2

1,661.0251.6533.042.2

1,783.253.5

269.965.8

147.179.166.2

602.4165.2

553.641.5

133.4

May1996

3,537.458.872.4

1,904.4190.8113.4144.1131.2

532.0408.0

498.9189.1

5,700.776.295.7

3,970.3172.256.543.0

166.3174.7111.0

2,817.159.9

119.9149.2262.8259.6807.2

55.388.261.9

129.670.2

1,390.1108.8266.3

49.565.964.569.6

1,234.544.799.7

263.0

1,674.9263.8540.243.5

1,803.453.7

275.968.1

150.482.267.0

599.1166.1

543.840.0

133.8

June1996p

3,564.158.872.7

1,922.7191.1113.5144.1130.9

530.4406.5

506.8191.0

5,731.674.092.2

4,001.2173.556.743.0

165.8175.8111.7

2,809.060.6

119.7149.4262.7262.4808.5

54.984.557.9

129.268.4

1,399.5109.3266.749.265.064.367.7

1,236.842.0

100.7262.8

1,684.7261.2544.043.4

1,805.053.6

277.868.7

149.681.266.9

596.9166.5

554.240.4

134.6

Mining

June1995

7.9(2)(1)

1.6.5

(1)1.2

(1)

(1)(1)

2.8(1)

14.1

1.900(1)

V)

(1)

6.700

1.2( i )

(1 )

.8(1)00

Cvl

2.3(1)

(1)

(1 )

0(1)

V)

8.1(1)

(1 )1.4

25.1

CVI

.6

.4

45.7.1.8

5.311.7

1.5.2

13.82.4

.1(2)

( 2 )

May1996

7.6(2)(1)

1.6.6

0)1.2

(1)

(1)(1)

3.0(1)

13.2(1)

( 1 )

1.8(1)(1)(1)

9

6.5(1)

(1 )

1.20

.8(1)

0)V)

.2

2.20

(1)(1)(1)

V)

7.9(1)(1)

1.4

24.2.2.5.4

47.4.1.8

5.612.2

1.5

CVI

13.92.5

.1

June1996P

7.6(2)(1)

1.6.6

(1)

1.2(1)

(1)(1)

3.0(1)

13.5(1)

( 1 )

1.8(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

0

6.6(1)

(1 )

1.2(1)

(1)

.8(1)

( 1 )

V)V)

.2

2.3(1)

( 1 )

( 1 )

(1 )(1)

( 1 )

8.1(1)

(1 )1.4

24.6

CVI

.6

.4

47.3.1.8

5.612.2

1.5

CVI

14.02.4

.1<2\

Construction

June1995

153.83.42.6

83.310.14.85.76.8

26.520.4

31.813.5

230.42.73.2

155.08.93.92.87.87.04.9

139.43.04.89.2

12.917.843.7

1.53.92.67.33.6

60.15.8

11.92.22.53.12.8

53.41.94.2

12.5

77.211.626.9

3.1

104.03.3

26.72.97.98.53.4

26.98.3

23.21.95.9

May1996

163.14.03.0

89.110.25.16.47.1

24.118.3

34.914.0

215.12.52.9

146.27.93.72.87.36.54.6

132.43.34.89.4

13.117.642.4

1.53.72.56.92.7

57.45.8

11.81.92.03.42.9

56.82.04.3

13.2

74.612.526.2

3.1

111.93.5

29.03.17.98.83.5

27.98.3

22.31.66.2

June1996P

165.04.03.0

90.010.44.96.27.4

23.917.9

36.814.5

229.12.73.2

155.18.73.82.97.86.85.0

140.63.54.89.5

14.018.844.5

1.63.92.67.42.9

62.36.0

12.52.02.13.63.1

59.52.24.5

13.8

77.012.627.0

3.2

112.73.5

29.93.18.18.63.5

28.08.4

23.11.86.3

GeorgiaAlbanyAthensAtlantaAugusta-AikenColumbusMaconSavannah

HawaiiHonolulu

IdahoBoise City

IllinoisBloomington-NormalChampaign-UrbanaChicagoDavenport-Moline-Rock IslandDecaturKankakeePeoria-PekinRockfordSpringfield

IndianaBloomingtonElkhart-GoshenEvansville-HendersonFort WayneGaryIndianapolisKokomoLafayetteMuncieSouth BendTerre Haute

IowaCedar RapidsDes MoinesDubuqueIowa CitySioux CityWaterloo-Cedar Falls

KansasLawrenceTopekaWichita

KentuckyLexingtonLouisvilleOwensboro

LouisianaAlexandriaBaton RougeHoumaLafayetteLake CharlesMonroeNew OrleansShreveport-Bossier City

MaineLewiston-AuburnPortland


78





(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

June1995

590.78.3

11.4213.3

43.421.320.017.0

17.013.0

70.831.5

971.78.4

11.5658.3

30.011.47.5

25.953.94.4

688.49.9

58.932.175.452.9

126.820.821.611.223.712.9

252.721.625.913.44.6

12.914.6

193.45.1

10.657.9

316.143.290.7

7.0

189.83.4

23.55.8

16.211.28.3

47.220.2

92.58.6

13.6

May1996

586.28.5

11.8214.8

41.822.219.716.7

16.412.7

72.434.1

978.08.5

11.7660.7

30.112.97.5

31.554.94.5

679.310.658.531.572.951.8

125.822.721.611.022.712.0

248.220.824.711.15.4

12.714.7

195.35.1

10.560.2

312.344.089.7

7.0

190.03.3

24.25.8

16.011.58.3

46.520.8

88.27.6

12.9

June1996P

587.68.5

11.9214.9

41.621.919.716.7

16.712.7

74.534.4

981.98.5

11.5663.4

30.013.07.4

31.455.04.4

682.410.958.531.673.251.9

126.222.722.011.122.712.1

250.521.124.711.25.2

12.514.7

196.55.1

10.360.9

313.943.889.5

7.1

190.53.3

24.26.1

16.011.58.5

46.821.0

89.57.6

12.9

Transportation and

June1995

214.83.11.9

149.36.03.75.49.7

41.233.6

22.68.5

322.12.82.6

235.18.85.22.09.38.55.6

142.31.83.57.2

13.416.147.9

1.32.16.35.73.7

61.57.5

12.72.12.03.92.0

67.71.16.1

10.1

91.510.336.9

2.2

108.02.8

12.96.68.74.23.8

42.68.1

22.81.86.3

public utilities

May1996

222.83.11.9

155.35.83.75.39.5

40.533.0

23.48.7

328.02.92.6

237.98.85.22.09.48.85.8

139.41.93.47.2

12.915.248.1

1.12.14.85.84.3

62.57.1

12.92.02.04.01.9

69.71.16.29.9

93.010.337.8

2.1

107.53.0

12.76.98.94.33.8

42.08.0

22.01.86.2

June1996?

224.03.01.9

155.55.83.75.39.3

40.733.2

23.38.6

328.02.92.6

238.58.75.32.09.38.85.8

141.11.93.47.2

12.815.348.0

1.12.14.65.74.4

62.77.1

12.72.01.93.92.0

69.81.16.29.9

93.910.538.0

2.3

108.52.9

12.87.08.94.33.8

42.48.1

22.61.86.3


June1995

861.713.616.4

487.141.724.433.332.8

135.8101.3

123.343.6

1,325.517.220.6

919.447.812.711.040.335.923.5

675.314.322.637.662.662.5

208.911.617.614.034.720.2

344.425.171.112.312.216.116.6

297.010.622.161.8

399.657.8

132.910.7

418.911.863.117.038.317.516.6

149.238.6

143.210.439.7

May1996

901.613.816.9

514.041.225.033.233.7

134.1100.5

125.044.5

1,337.817.420.9

933.347.912.711.040.435.823.3

684.514.323.137.362.063.8

209.411.617.613.433.620.5

347.124.970.412.612.616.116.9

305.611.021.963.1

403.458.7

134.110.6

425.411.964.617.638.718.217.1

148.738.4

140.210.041.6

June1996P

911.413.816.9

520.641.325.333.234.0

134.8101.0

126.844.9

1,348.717.420.7

940.048.112.711.040.436.023.5

689.014.323.337.162.464.3

210.111.517.513.333.820.5

349.125.070.712.612.816.216.7

307.210.922.362.9

407.759.1

135.310.8

428.111.965.217.539.018.317.0

148.538.4

146.410.242.4

GeorgiaAlbanyAthensAtlantaAugusta-AikenColumbusMacon :Savannah

HawaiiHonolulu

IdahoBoise City







MaineLewiston-AubumPortland


79




(In thousands)

State and area


June1995

174.62.12.1

117.26.77.48.44.3

37.130.5

24.411.6

387.614.03.2

304.47.92.91.67.97.07.9

133.42.42.87.1

13.79.2

57.91.53.81.86.42.3

77.75.7

36.31.71.72.72.9

58.01.86.4

11.2

65.29.5

28.31.8

81.02.2

15.52.25.72.64.6

30.46.4

26.81.8

12.1

May1996

175.72.22.0

118.66.87.48.44.5

36.930.4

23.811.6

385.213.63.2

303.27.92.91.77.87.07.8

134.12.32.87.2

14.19.4

58.91.43.71.76.22.3

77.85.6

37.11.61.72.73.0

58.61.96.5

11.1

66.09.7

28.61.8

80.52.2

15.62.15.82.74.6

30.36.4

26.01.9

12.0

June1996P

175.92.22.0

118.86.97.58.44.5

36.830.3

24.111.7

389.213.63.2

305.27.83.01.77.87.07.8

136.02.42.87.2

14.59.6

59.91.53.81.86.32.3

78.65.7

37.21.61.72.73.0

59.41.96.5

11.1

66.69.7

29.01.8

80.92.2

15.72.15.82.74.5

30.56.4

26.42.0

12.0

June1995

843.814.012.5

522.744.226.832.136.0

165.1120.9

110.843.8

1,597.017.519.9

1,181.443.913.311.051.444.931.9

635.511.617.440.661.462.0

207.09.2

16.614.542.216.3

343.831.073.315.813.518.017.4

292.89.3

25.970.2

399.266.2

149.011.6

477.916.070.313.636.120.416.5

189.349.4

150.912.338.8

Services

May1996

888.414.413.3

551.844.529.333.838.1

165.5120.6

117.347.1

1,618.017.419.8

1,195.243.313.111.151.144.631.1

641.911.619.940.760.964.5

209.19.7

16.414.741.416.7

357.632.175.116.614.018.416.9

294.810.126.070.3

406.869.7

154.812.0

480.415.970.113.837.522.216.5

187.549.4

150.512.437.4

June1996P

900.114.513.6

562.844.729.534.037.7

165.4120.8

119.747.8

1,633.117.520.0

1,204.944.013.211.251.445.031.7

638.111.620.041.161.166.5

210.49.8

16.514.340.316.5

358.232.075.116.014.118.016.9

296.29.8

26.270.1

412.870.0

156.512.2

478.415.870.614.136.621.316.6

185.149.5

153.712.337.9

June1995

579.512.422.1

249.639.620.135.921.0

114.092.0

96.528.7

801.012.531.0

493.626.5

5.87.0

17.417.333.5

368.214.87.1

14.521.935.4

105.46.5

16.38.1

12.89.4

235.811.634.7

3.827.0

7.211.1

239.611.025.433.1

287.152.867.7

5.4

357.913.957.112.422.513.212.8

103.031.8

94.14.7

17.0

Government

May1996

592.012.823.5

259.239.920.736.121.6

114.592.5

99.129.1

825.413.934.6

492.026.36.06.9

18.817.133.9

399.015.97.4

14.726.937.3

112.77.3

23.113.813.011.5

237.312.534.3

3.728.2

7.213.3

245.813.524.333.8

294.658.768.5

6.5

360.313.858.913.223.413.013.0

102.332.3

94.54.7

17.5

June1996P

592.512.823.4

258.539.820.736.121.3

112.190.6

98.629.1

808.111.431.0

492.326.2

5.76.8

17.717.233.5

375.216.06.9

14.524.736.0

108.66.7

18.710.213.09.5

235.812.433.8

3.827.2

7.411.3

240.111.024.732.7

288.255.368.1

5.6

358.613.958.613.223.013.012.8

101.632.3

92.44.7

16.8

GeorgiaAlbanyAthensAtlantaAugusta-AikenColumbusMaconSavannah

HawaiiHonolulu

IdahoBoise City









80





(In thousands)

State and area

Total

June1995

2,213.11,143.2

410.5813.2

3,008.759.6

1,832.990.651.3

143.3106.863.242.0

244.4215.0

4,273.2252.7

71.42,009.9

182.9518.6

59.0204.1222.2174.2

2,407.9108.3

1,562.569.581.3

1,079.4211.0

2,539.2871.1

1,251.1149.7

357.8

823.7138.2376.7

787.1544.0166.6

547.192.485.3

111.2

3,655.2185.8624.3454.7238.0572.8362.6937.0197.858.8

693.3325.147.472.7

7,947.1433.8112.3

May1996

2,203.61,139.4

408.3807.5

3,027.455.1

1,837.291.251.8

147.3108.163.941.3

248.5217.2

4,351.2255.3

71.82,064.3

182.0529.0

59.6203.8230.4176.4

2,436.5107.2

1,571.969.884.5

1,083.8212.2

2,580.0889.8

1,266.0153.2

359.7

834.9140.0378.4

840.9587.4173.4

548.892.785.7

109.7

3,646.2177.9622.8456.2238.7579.1357.9933.1197.659.1

718.3336.152.171.6

7,969.1432.4111.2

June1996P

2,223.21,142.6

408.0814.3

3,055.860.6

1,854.691.052.3

148.8108.664.642.5

248.6218.6

4,367.8255.0

71.62,080.7

182.1529.5

59.8203.7224.2177.3

2,459.1108.3

1,578.371.182.8

1,082.1213.4

2,571.9897.7

1,258.5152.7

365.0

833.3138.2379.9

846.9590.2174.2

555.392.386.9

110.8

3,695.0188.6629.2460.2240.0583.6370.3941.9197.559.6

723.4338.1

51.072.6

8,028.0432.9110.7

Mining

June1995

1.1.2

(1)(1)

1.4(1)

.5(2)(2)(2)(1)(2)

.1

.1

.2

8.80)(1)

.7(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

8.55.2

(2)(1)(1)

4.9(2)

5.1(1)(1)(1)

5.5

1.3(1)O

13.42.0

.7

.5(1)(1)(1)

2.1(1)(1)O(1)

.6(1)

.8V)

.3

16.2(1)(1)0

5.3.5

(1)

May1996

1.2.2

(1)0

1.4

O.5

(2)(2)(2)(1)(2)(2)

.1

.2

8.0(1)V)

.7O(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

8.15.0

(2)(1)(1)

4.7(2)

5.0(1)(1)(')

5.3

1.3OV)

13.92.0

.6

.5(1)(1)(1)

2.0(1)(1)(1)(1)

.5(1)

.8(1)

.2

16.1(1)(')(1)

4.7.5

(1)

June1996P

1.2.2

(1)(1)

1.5(1)

.5(2)(2)(2)(1)(2)(2)

.1

.2

8.2(1)(1)

.7(1)(1)(1)(f)(1)(1)

8.35.2

(2)(1)(1)

4.8(2)

5.2V)(1)V)

5.4

1.3(1)(1)

14.32.1

.6

.5(1)(1)(f)

2.1(1)(1)V)(1)

.5(1)

.8(1)

.2

16.4(1)(f)(1)

4.8.6

(1)

June1995

130.862.211.954.9

95.92.5

53.63.21.65.65.02.31.57.66.6

164.28.42.1

70.06.2

23.82.17.77.29.0

92.04.2

57.72.63.9

46.810.1

116.742.363.56.8

17.8

36.05.9

16.8

62.547.910.6

20.84.02.83.5

128.66.5

22.620.3

3.819.217.132.04.42.0

47.323.8

3.34.0

263.716.04.5

Construction

May1996

128.360.711.655.0

93.62.5

51.73.11.55.74.72.41.47.47.1

170.48.42.2

73.86.2

24.42.27.67.28.7

85.13.5

57.72.43.7

50.710.6

112.843.961.56.5

16.4

35.75.6

16.5

72.056.910.6

19.94.13.23.1

125.86.8

22.419.63.7

19.418.028.64.41.9

50.525.1

3.93.7

257.514.84.1

June1996P

131.562.311.955.7

98.22.6

54.33.21.66.04.92.61.58.17.2

179.58.72.3

75.96.5

25.92.38.07.59.1

93.43.8

61.82.64.0

52.911.3

115.045.963.1

6.7

17.7

37.45.9

17.4

74.158.111.0

21.14.33.43.2

128.86.6

23.120.13.8

19.918.629.64.52.0

51.425.3

3.93.8

268.115.94.3

MarylandBaltimore PMSABaltimore CitySuburban Maryland-D.C

MassachusettsBarnstable-YarmouthBostonBrocktonFitchburg-LeominsterLawrenceLowellNew BedfordPittsfieldSpringfieldWorcester

MichiganAnn ArborBenton HarborDetroitFlintGrand Rapids-Muskegon-HollandJacksonKalamazoo-Battle CreekLansing-East LansingSaginaw-Bay City-Midland

MinnesotaDuluth-SuperiorMinneapolis-St. PaulRochesterSt. Cloud

Jackson

MissouriKansas CitySt. LouisSpringfield

Montana

NebraskaLincolnOmaha

NevadaLas VegasReno

New HampshireManchesterNashuaPortsmouth-Rochester

New JerseyAtlantic-Cape MayBergen-PassaicCamdenJersey CityMiddlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..Monmouth-OceanNewarkTrentonVineland-Millville-Bridgeton

New MexicoAlbuquerqueLas CrucesSanta Fe

New YorkAlbany-Schenectady-TroyBinghamton


81




(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

June1995

176.8103.333.135.7

446.72.4

223.910.813.935.027.214.37.7

40.040.7

978.354.121.5

446.049.5

152.313.151.231.341.1

429.88.4

276.710.215.4

260.122.0

424.1107.9202.0

23.5

23.9

112.417.237.6

36.720.212.3

102.812.326.919.6

504.26.7

110.857.131.093.522.0

141.423.314.0

45.629.8

2.52.0

951.741.525.3

May1996

174.4101.331.636.0

444.12.3

220.910.313.435.528.114.17.7

39.740.6

963.352.921.2

445.546.6

151.113.049.530.740.0

424.88.0

273.99.9

15.4

244.720.4

420.5108.3199.223.9

23.0

112.716.837.6

38.721.312.8

102.012.826.819.3

490.66.2

106.055.929.592.321.8

139.720.713.7

46.330.4

2.62.1

936.639.724.4

June1996?

175.2101.531.936.4

447.42.3

221.910.413.735.828.314.17.7

39.941.0

971.653.421.2

448.646.6

152.612.949.830.840.8

431.38.0

276.59.9

15.6

244.920.5

416.5109.3193.324.1

23.9

113.316.937.7

39.121.512.9

102.712.927.218.9

492.56.0

106.655.929.793.121.8

140.021.013.8

46.630.7

2.72.1

944.240.224.3


June1995

106.557.519.834.8

129.22.8

81.25.11.94.85.62.51.29.79.4

167.15.53.0

91.15.3

18.63.76.76.17.2

117.06.7

84.52.12.7

50.514.5

158.467.678.6

9.0

21.0

49.67.7

25.9

40.528.111.0

19.95.82.33.8

253.57.6

29.422.129.347.720.483.2

7.42.8

30.413.7

1.61.2

407.816.34.5

May1996

105.756.019.334.9

128.62.6

80.24.91.94.65.62.41.19.79.3

169.65.62.8

92.15.2

18.73.66.76.17.2

120.05.8

85.52.12.8

48.414.0

164.169.181.1

9.4

21.1

49.77.4

26.2

42.429.311.5

20.76.42.24.2

250.47.1

29.722.629.547.219.880.4

7.33.0

31.614.3

1.81.2

407.416.24.5

June1996P

106.456.519.335.2

129.32.8

80.55.11.94.65.72.41.29.89.2

170.85.62.9

92.45.3

19.03.66.86.27.2

120.25.9

84.62.12.8

49.114.1

165.069.481.4

9.3

21.1

49.97.4

26.3

42.829.611.6

21.16.52.34.2

251.17.2

30.122.830.047.720.480.1

7.33.1

31.414.11.71.2

410.716.34.5


June1995

539.4269.169.1

197.2

700.821.6

403.330.712.334.623.015.910.556.449.0

1,008.950.116.1

473.844.4

127.214.944.949.845.0

583.728.6

372.314.625.2

231.250.5

609.1213.7300.7

44.3

98.8

205.529.292.7

157.4110.537.0

144.623.621.429.4

862.941.7

174.4122.257.7

135.199.3

186.231.511.3

165.878.210.615.8

1,633.091.923.8

May1996

534.8267.8

67.9194.4

697.518.9

402.430.812.735.522.816.110.757.849.0

1,025.550.516.0

489.744.9

130.914.944.949.846.2

590.628.3

368.115.025.5

229.349.7

611.7216.4299.8

43.7

98.3

207.329.694.0

168.8119.439.1

143.923.321.528.1

856.136.7

174.6122.957.5

134.296.2

187.331.711.4

171.380.711.116.0

1,633.791.423.2

June1996P

543.0270.068.7

195.7

711.422.0

408.831.012.635.723.216.511.058.149.2

1,037.850.516.3

496.045.1

131.715.245.149.646.6

596.228.8

371.115.125.5

230.649.7

612.9217.6303.2

43.8

100.6

207.629.593.9

170.1120.339.3

146.923.021.829.8

873.442.3

175.5123.657.7

134.6101.2188.732.111.5

173.581.311.216.4

1,659.692.423.3





MississippiJackson


Montana


NevadaLas VegasReno


New JerseyAtlantic-Cape MayBergen-PassaicCamdenJersey CityMiddlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .Monmouth-OceanNewarkTrentonVineland-Millville-Bridgeton




82





(In thousands)

State and area


June1995

129.572.035.548.7

206.83.3

151.22.91.54.93.82.02.0

13.415.0

198.39.72.6

108.46.2

21.11.9

10.712.76.5

139.23.3

110.32.22.6

40.314.9

146.662.876.36.3

15.9

52.88.8

33.0

35.726.8

7.5

29.57.83.26.2

229.76.3

34.922.622.743.017.867.710.63.4

30.216.2

1.93.2

729.226.24.0

May1996

127.169.434.147.3

203.63.2

148.32.91.44.83.91.91.9

13.215.6

196.59.72.6

110.86.1

21.61.8

10.712.86.4

141.23.4

111.42.12.6

39.714.9

149.463.277.26.7

15.7

52.29.1

32.2

38.028.3

8.0

29.67.23.46.1

229.46.1

34.722.323.042.917.967.710.53.4

30.415.6

1.93.2

720.526.1

3.9

June1996P

128.169.934.247.2

206.13.4

150.02.91.44.93.91.92.0

13.315.7

199.99.82.6

112.36.1

21.81.8

10.612.96.4

142.43.4

111.82.12.6

39.914.9

151.363.577.86.8

16.1

52.19.2

32.4

38.328.5

8.1

29.97.03.56.2

232.66.3

35.122.723.243.618.268.210.63.5

30.815.8

1.93.3

728.426.44.0

June1995

704.4368.2149.3267.7

1,026.619.2

697.422.312.940.828.116.414.173.062.3

1,122.659.417.4

594.647.5

125.2•13.750.753.643.7

649.429.3

440.830.519.5

232.954.9

696.0245.9383.242.7

99.1

213.334.5

119.8

347.2254.065.8

154.428.721.028.5

1,097.287.5

180.0132.653.5

157.3119.9281.667.311.9

195.6103.510.121.8

2,548.9131.628.9

Services

May1996

701.6371.7153.1264.8

1,055.918.2

714.423.513.643.428.117.013.675.663.4

1,166.159.617.7

622.947.8

127.913.851.554.244.9

668.029.4

450.531.121.2

241.056.2

705.3254.9391.443.7

100.7

218.235.1

120.6

365.4268.7

68.0

155.428.420.828.2

1,118.886.3

184.1135.155.0

164.0120.1286.9

70.012.3

203.6108.0

11.121.4

2,610.2134.328.8

June1996?

710.0373.3151.3269.5

1,060.219.8

718.122.813.744.228.017.214.275.163.8

1,176.360.117.3

632.748.1

127.514.051.554.544.9

671.530.0

452.831.820.2

241.556.8

712.0259.1393.143.7

104.0

219.835.1

121.6

371.2272.868.8

157.927.821.028.6

1,137.090.1

186.0136.954.9

165.8124.2290.769.112.3

207.4108.9

11.022.0

2,620.9133.329.0

June1995

424.6210.7

91.8174.2

401.37.8

221.815.67.2

17.614.19.84.9

44.231.8

625.165.6

8.7225.323.950.39.7

32.261.621.8

388.322.6

219.67.3

12.0

212.743.5

383.2130.9146.8

17.1

75.8

152.834.950.9

93.754.521.7

74.610.27.7

20.2

577.029.572.277.840.076.466.1

144.153.313.1

162.259.917.424.7

1,407.6109.821.3

Government

May1996

430.5212.3

90.7175.1

402.77.4

218.815.77.3

17.814.910.04.9

45.032.0

651.868.7

9.4228.9

25.254.510.332.869.622.9

398.723.8

224.17.2

13.3

225.345.8

411.2134.0155.8

19.3

79.2

157.836.451.3

101.761.522.8

76.810.57.8

20.7

573.128.771.377.840.578.664.1

141.753.013.2

168.562.019.724.0

1,398.5109.422.2

June1996p

427.8208.9

90.7174.6

401.77.7

220.515.67.4

17.614.69.94.9

44.232.3

623.766.9

8.9222.2

24.451.1

9.931.962.722.2

395.823.2

219.17.5

12.1

218.445.5

394.0132.9146.618.3

76.2

151.934.250.6

97.057.321.9

75.210.87.7

19.9

577.530.172.878.240.778.465.9

143.852.913.2

165.962.018.623.8

1,391.4107.821.2





MississippiJackson


Montana


NevadaLas VegasReno


New JerseyAtlantic-Cape MayBergen-PassaicCamdenJersey CityMiddlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..Monmouth-OceanNewarkTrentonVineland-Millville-Bridgeton







(In thousands)

State and area

Total

June1995

544.6104.241.753.6

1,112.23,834.53,328.0

119.2530.4100.8334.8130.6385.9

3,484.0100.9716.1609.7558.7

304.847.289.047.0

5,292.8311.2177.1813.9

1,122.5792.2468.5110.377.379.951.4

311.2246.2

1,319.423.536.8

476.1352.4

1,428.6131.463.4

842.4124.9

5,291.8259.9

57.6128.5338.1

88.0205.3

2,195.1674.0

1,065.3159.4274.545.961.852.6

160.3

May1996

542.3105.842.151.0

1,112.63,848.93,347.6

117.4531.7100.3333.6128.6381.3

3,519.2102.8725.5609.9567.3

312.048.092.549.0

5,342.6316.5177.2820.5

1,122.2797.9468.1113.477.679.651.8

312.1247.0

1,353.324.038.2

491.8360.0

1,467.6133.264.8

869.7126.6

5,306.7262.2

57.3128.4345.0

87.9208.2

2,187.3671.6

1,062.6161.6277.146.464.952.7

161.1

June1996P

543.7106.442.553.9

1,127.73,867.33,359.2

119.1535.3101.8335.2129.4386.4

3,533.7103.4726.4610.7569.8

311.548.091.947.9

5,366.6311.5178.1823.6

1,132.0802.3469.9111.978.079.952.0

311.4248.1

1,354.924.238.1

493.0363.4

1,484.9133.565.2

877.9127.7

5,317.0263.8

57.9128.2346.2

88.5209.5

2,196.3671.4

1,067.8162.9277.0

46.162.553.0

161.2

Mining

June1995

(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

0.3(1)

.8(1)(1)(1)(1)

3.7(1)(1)0)(1)

4.0(1)O(1)

14.0.4.6.7

1.0.7.5

(1)O(1)

.4

.2

.6

32.11.0.1

6.87.8

1.8.2.1

1.0.2

20.0(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

.4(1)(1)

3.8(1)

.7(1)(1)(1)

.4

May1996

(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

0.30

.6(1)(1)(1)(1)

3.8(1)(1)(1)(1)

4.0(1)(1)(1)

14.1.3.6.7

1.1.8.4

(1)O(1)

.5

.2

.6

31.61.2.1

6.57.4

1.9.2.1

1.1.2

19.1(1)V)(1)(1)(1)

.4(1)(1)

3.7(1)

.6O(1)(1)

.5

June1996P

(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)O

0.3(1)

.6(1)(1)00

3.8(1)(1)0(1)

4.2(1)(1)V)

14.1.3.6.7

1.1.8.4

(')(1)(1)

.5

.2

.6

31.81.2.1

6.67.5

1.9.2.1

1.2.2

19.3(1)(1)(1)(1)(')

.4(1)(1)

3.7(1)

.6(1)(1)(1)

.5

Construction

June1995

21.64.31.52.4

45.7113.490.84.4

17.63.3

14.03.6

17.5

177.65.6

39.127.329.1

15.42.85.52.6

219.212.58.7

37.443.732.817.26.23.62.71.7

13.310.1

49.2.9

1.318.314.0

68.76.12.7

44.36.3

210.310.32.84.5

13.35.0

11.680.510.750.16.8

11.31.52.62.38.0

May1996

20.33.81.32.2

44.7112.990.8

3.716.43.0

13.13.6

17.1

179.75.5

39.827.728.6

15.83.05.42.2

215.412.28.5

36.644.432.617.45.83.52.61.5

13.310.0

49.4.8

1.318.913.6

72.75.82.7

50.36.4

201.210.42.84.3

13.44.6

12.076.210.348.6

6.211.8

1.52.52.21.1

June1996P

21.34.11.52.4

46.0115.492.8

3.917.73.1

14.03.8

17.4

184.05.6

40.327.828.9

16.72.86.32.6

224.712.88.9

37.146.434.118.06.13.72.61.5

13.710.4

50.4.8

1.419.514.1

75.96.22.8

53.76.6

211.410.93.04.6

14.15.0

12.279.310.949.9

6.512.6

1.62.52.37.9

New York-ContinuedBuffalo-Niagara FallsDutchess CountyElmiraGlens FallsNassau-SuffolkNew York PMSANew York CityNewburghRochesterRockland CountySyracuseUtica-RomeWestchester County

North CarolinaAshevilleCharlotte-Gastonia-Rock HillGreensboro—Winston-Salem—High PointRaleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

North DakotaBismarckFargo-MoorheadGrand Forks

OhioAkronCanton-MassillonCincinnatiCleveland-Lorain-ElyriaColumbusDayton-SpringfieldHamilton-MiddletownLimaMansfieldSteubenville-WeirtonToledoYoungstown-Warren

OklahomaEnidLawtonOklahoma CityTulsa

OregonEugene-SpringfieldMedford-AshlandPortland-VancouverSalem

PennsylvaniaAllentown-Bethlehem-EastonAltoonaErieHarrisburg-Lebanon-CarlisleJohnstownLancasterPhiladelphia PMSAPhiladelphia CityPittsburghReadingScranton—Wilkes-Barre—HazletonSharonState CollegeWilliamsportYork


84





(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

June1995

91.716.79.29.2

115.1332.9277.0

12.8128.712.649.921.441.5

862.419.9

152.2168.885.0

21.52.67.33.3

1,111.766.147.4

141.4229.493.9

103.321.521.022.614.360.660.1

170.81.93.6

51.953.8

229.619.49.1

136.717.4

947.559.910.235.347.113.457.5

309.961.3

132.843.957.311.38.6

13.347.4

May1996

91.117.79.28.8

110.9323.5269.6

12.4126.8

12.249.920.040.1

842.120.1

147.9164.686.8

21.42.67.44.0

1,092.064.146.5

140.9228.0

91.299.121.420.322.314.260.158.8

171.62.03.6

53.154.8

226.719.59.0

137.416.6

925.056.610.034.346.113.055.5

302.058.9

132.643.657.111.08.8

12.448.0

June1996P

91.417.89.28.9

111.5327.0272.7

12.5128.2

12.250.220.140.4

843.220.1

147.5164.887.4

21.52.67.43.5

1,098.064.146.2

140.9228.8

91.4100.221.520.522.314.360.959.5

173.52.03.6

53.755.7

232.519.59.0

139.317.8

933.857.410.234.546.712.956.2

304.059.7

133.744.457.611.18.7

12.547.7

Transportation and

June1995

27.04.11.51.5

51.0231.3204.6

6.617.06.0

19.34.2

19.9

163.94.6

54.831.623.3

18.33.35.42.2

230.214.65.7

42.745.034.718.94.52.94.22.9

14.69.7

73.82.21.9

21.327.3

71.44.73.1

47.73.5

273.814.34.34.5

21.95.17.7

105.433.567.4

7.115.12.02.01.98.0

public utilities

May1996

26.14.21.41.3

51.4231.6205.4

6.717.26.1

18.34.3

19.4

164.14.8

53.132.123.0

18.43.25.52.6

230.314.05.7

43.844.534.617.84.42.94.12.8

14.49.7

76.02.12.0

21.828.8

72.84.83.2

48.03.6

271.214.54.24.4

23.45.07.3

103.032.566.4

7.215.22.02.01.97.5

June1996P

26.24.31.51.5

51.9233.1206.8

6.717.36.1

18.64.3

19.4

165.54.8

53.232.223.3

18.23.35.52.4

231.814.15.7

44.045.134.817.94.42.94.12.8

14.39.8

76.52.22.0

21.929.2

73.44.83.2

48.33.6

271.714.74.24.5

23.64.97.5

103.932.866.0

7.215.22.02.12.07.4


June1995

132.021.210.312.2

289.0672.4558.4

32.1112.122.779.528.287.0

805.724.9

175.3139.2117.3

79.811.926.113.2

1,289.577.743.7

213.2265.1210.7109.630.218.118.010.977.563.8

315.16.18.8

115.784.2

359.933.718.3

213.127.6

1,208.853.715.129.074.920.951.4

489.9115.0262.6

37.566.812.111.812.440.0

May1996

131.220.810.811.1

290.0678.5564.731.9

112.423.278.826.786.4

813.424.6

176.5139.4117.9

81.412.026.813.5

1,307.478.443.6

213.7266.3211.8110.431.118.318.010.776.063.7

321.96.39.0

118.885.6

367.834.219.1

218.127.8

1,221.654.315.229.376.120.652.3

493.7115.4265.2

38.066.612.111.712.740.2

June1996P

132.621.011.112.2

297.6685.6569.732.2

113.823.779.627.288.0

815.624.6

176.5139.5118.2

81.712.126.713.4

1,316.778.644.4

214.1268.5212.7111.631.118.218.211.076.764.7

324.26.39.0

119.786.3

374.534.819.0

221.328.0

1,228.754.815.329.476.621.052.7

493.0115.7265.9

38.367.012.111.813.040.8









85




(In thousands)

State and area


June1995

28.34.21.42.0

80.2508.5476.0

5.623.9

5.018.57.8

26.3

146.13.0

46.129.826.4

13.72.25.21.5

271.712.35.4

50.869.464.716.84.42.12.91.6

10.59.5

65.81.11.8

26.619.9

87.66.83.0

61.96.7

305.613.7

1.85.8

23.44.38.9

155.656.160.6

9.013.6

1.51.82.35.0

May1996

27.84.11.31.9

79.1502.3470.5

5.523.2

5.018.47.8

25.7

150.93.0

47.330.926.5

14.02.25.41.5

276.212.25.2

52.170.066.916.84.12.22.81.6

10.79.5

66.51.01.9

27.220.5

89.77.02.9

64.96.4

308.513.7

1.85.6

24.94.49.3

155.255.559.99.2

14.11.61.62.34.8

June1996"

28.04.21.31.9

79.9506.9474.5

5.723.7

5.218.57.8

26.0

153.63.0

47.731.126.9

14.12.35.41.5

279.012.35.2

52.670.767.316.84.22.22.81.7

10.89.6

67.41.01.9

27.320.8

90.87.02.9

65.56.5

313.013.8

1.85.7

25.14.59.5

157.655.760.8

9.214.5

1.61.62.34.9

June1995

156.131.010.316.5

346.61,351.21,181.4

30.6151.030.292.935.6

133.6

768.928.1

167.9147.8162.7

81.814.326.113.2

1,407.487.247.2

226.5323.1218.0129.826.219.319.113.290.162.6

346.16.17.7

135.0104.6

362.834.916.5

226.128.9

1,605.677.715.334.986.525.150.2

744.8267.5361.7

36.875.512.113.513.037.0

Services

May1996

157.432.010.415.7

353.21,384.31,214.5

30.2154.830.393.836.4

133.5

784.029.2

172.6149.3165.5

84.614.827.413.4

1,432.886.047.7

228.0323.9224.0132.526.320.019.213.989.362.7

360.76.37.9

142.4107.3

391.435.716.9

244.630.8

1,620.481.615.334.889.226.052.3

749.6271.8360.7

38.076.512.713.214.036.4

June1996P

157.031.910.317.1

356.51,386.51,214.4

30.7154.630.693.436.7

135.3

790.929.8

173.8149.2166.6

85.615.027.113.9

1,447.188.048.0

231.5325.8225.3133.026.620.219.313.790.363.1

364.36.48.1

144.1108.9

393.435.417.3

244.230.3

1,614.380.815.335.189.225.752.7

750.9269.1361.9

38.674.712.213.613.936.0

June1995

88.022.8

7.79.9

184.6624.9539.627.179.220.960.629.760.0

555.714.880.765.2

114.9

70.310.113.411.0

749.140.418.4

101.2145.8136.772.417.310.310.46.4

44.429.8

266.54.2

11.6100.540.8

246.825.610.6

111.634.3

720.230.3

8.114.571.014.217.6

309.0129.9126.3

18.334.2

5.421.5

7.414.5

Government

May1996

88.423.1

7.69.9

183.4615.8531.827.080.220.561.329.759.1

581.215.688.365.9

119.0

72.410.214.611.8

774.449.319.4

104.7144.0136.073.720.310.410.66.6

48.132.0

275.64.3

12.4103.142.0

244.626.010.9

105.334.8

739.731.1

8.015.771.914.319.1

307.6127.2125.5

19.435.2

5.525.1

7.216.0

June1996P

87.223.1

7.610.0

184.3613.0527.927.279.420.860.929.459.8

577.115.587.466.1

118.5

69.59.9

13.510.6

755.241.319.1

102.7145.6135.972.018.010.310.66.5

44.530.4

266.84.3

12.0100.240.9

242.525.610.9

104.434.7

724.831.4

8.114.470.914.518.3

307.6127.5125.9

18.734.8

5.522.2

7.016.0









86





(In thousands)

State and area

Total

June1995

445.6498.2

1,670.5212.4265.3444.3

353.347.098.6

2,506.7215.4194.3317.9531.6601.8

8,041.451.990.7

514.5151.571.692.061.6

147.21,605.7

235.5659.2

87.71,772.4

92.455.684.1

106.6122.097.140.7

623.640.349.072.433.091.857.0

911.5119.6615.2

269.929.894.8

3,107.037.676.044.696.9

642.4939.5506.8139.2

2,383.11,191.5

181.2219.2

May1996

446.4500.2

1,683.5213.9272.1452.2

356.945.598.3

2,564.2216.6193.9312.0539.6611.0

8,259.552.793.7

542.4153.372.595.565.5

148.81,653.1

233.6679.0

87.51,803.4

97.054.984.7

110.7128.198.041.6

643.441.250.371.933.893.858.8

953.4125.4642.7

270.829.596.7

3,117.737.475.644.497.1

634.9952.1509.3138.4

2,400.91,218.5

181.2221.3

June1996P

450.8502.8

1,694.1214.6272.4455.0

362.447.0

100.4

2,563.4217.1192.7313.1539.8610.0

8,286.452.393.7

541.8152.372.495.260.7

149.81,663.7

234.7682.1

88.11,813.9

97.054.884.7

110.5127.198.641.0

642.341.149.972.333.193.858.4

966.5126.5649.9

274.230.397.0

3,143.137.277.744.697.3

638.7963.0512.0140.0

2,428.11,230.7

181.7222.7

Mining

June1995

0.2.2

1.9

(1)(1)

O

2.4

(1)(1)

4.6

(1)(1)

.5

(1)(1)

157.11.3

.81.0

.81.5

(1).7

2.512.4

(1)4.4

.965.0

(1)2.53.3

.21.0

12.2.5

1.9

O(1)

1.31.3

(1)1.3

8.3

(1)3.1

.8

(1)(1)

11.6(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

.6

.8

(1)

3.4.7

0.2

May1996

0.2.2

1.9

(1)(1)

V)

2.4

(1)(1)

4.6

(1)(1)

.5

(1)(1)

153.01.3.8

1.0.8

1.4

(1).6

2.511.7

(1)4.4

.964.7

(1)2.83.3

.21.1

11.8.4

1.9

(1)(1)

1.31.4

(1)1.3

7.8

(1)3.2

.5

(1)(1)

10.4(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

.5

.8

(1)

3.2.7

(1).2

June1996P

0.2.2

1.9

(1)(1)

(')

2.4

V)(1)

4.7

(1)(1)

.5(!)(1)

154.01.4

.71.0

.81.4

(1).6

2.511.6

O4.4

.965.0

2.73.3

.21.1

11.8.4

1.9

(1)(1)

1.31.3

(1)1.3

8.0

(1)3.2

.7

(1)(1)

10.5(1)V)(1)(1)(1)

.6

.8(1)

3.3.7

0.2

June1995

14.415.9

88.012.913.327.2

16.13.25.3

112.48.69.8

18.022.928.3

413.92.24.5

25.213.2

8.42.92.5

11.467.410.728.8

5.0119.7

4.22.33.74.45.95.41.8

30.91.82.32.52.34.42.3

55.48.3

36.1

12.61.44.5

172.41.44.22.36.1

37.051.529.9

7.7

126.659.510.312.4

Construction

May1996

13.816.5

88.613.213.727.3

15.02.94.7

116.38.89.5

17.422.728.5

427.82.14.6

26.814.5

8.73.12.7

11.372.910.231.3

5.1121.6

4.22.03.84.46.25.11.8

33.11.82.42.42.34.32.1

62.09.4

39.0

12.71.04.6

172.61.54.22.25.9

38.149.930.2

7.7

123.459.7

9.612.2

June1996P

15.518.4

90.213.414.127.5

16.33.15.3

120.99.09.6

17.823.629.3

434.92.24.8

27.214.19.03.12.7

11.574.710.331.7

5.0123.7

4.32.03.84.66.25.21.8

33.51.92.42.42.34.42.2

65.09.9

40.5

13.81.24.8

176.81.64.32.36.0

38.551.130.8

7.9

128.163.410.412.3

Rhode IslandProvidence-Fall River-Warwick

South CarolinaCharleston-North CharlestonColumbiaGreenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

South DakotaRapid CitySioux Falls

TennesseeChattanoogaJohnson City-Kingsport-BristolKnoxvilleMemphisNashville

TexasAbileneAmarilloAustin-San MarcosBeaumont-Port ArthurBrazoriaBrownsville-Harlingen-San BenitoBryan-College StationCorpus ChristiDallasEl PasoFt. Worth-ArlingtonGalveston-Texas CityHoustonKilleen-TempleLaredoLongview-MarshallLubbockMcAllen-Edinburg-MissionOdessa-MidlandSan AngeloSan AntonioSherman-DenisonTexarkanaTylerVictoriaWacoWichita Falls

UtahProvo-OremSalt Lake City-Ogden

VermontBarre-MontpelierBurlington

VirginiaBristolCharlottesvilleDanvilleLynchburgNorfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport NewsNorthern VirginiaRichmond-PetersburgRoanoke

WashingtonSeattle-Bellevue-EverettSpokaneTacoma


87




(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

June1995

85.4107.3

379.520.626.7

128.5

46.84.3

13.1

546.445.355.949.764.9

101.6

1,033.43.49.3

68.424.316.613.33.7

13.9230.8

46.9106.1

8.1188.1

10.11.6

18.07.8

13.36.75.3

49.010.15.8

12.83.0

16.97.9

123.917.578.0

45.63.6

17.4

404.410.87.8

16.026.267.639.660.719.5

339.3191.822.022.3

May1996

82.4103.6

369.120.925.9

126.3

48.14.0

12.9

532.044.254.448.863.4

100.6

1,039.03.19.5

72.123.716.413.73.9

13.5234.1

46.0106.2

7.8191.5

10.41.5

17.97.4

12.96.95.3

49.510.45.7

11.03.1

16.98.3

129.218.181.1

46.03.6

17.9

394.210.27.5

15.625.865.038.860.119.4

333.9190.522.222.7

June1996P

82.9103.9

369.020.926.0

126.8

48.74.1

13.0

530.744.354.148.563.3

100.4

1,045.83.19.6

72.723.816.313.73.9

13.6234.546.2

106.57.8

193.810.5

1.518.07.5

13.06.95.2

50.110.55.7

11.23.0

16.88.2

130.118.281.3

46.23.8

18.0

394.910.07.7

15.625.864.839.060.519.4

338.5193.122.222.9


June1995

14.917.0

72.611.012.018.2

16.02.06.1

138.08.07.4

13.257.632.1

475.02.76.0

15.88.93.04.01.46.7

103.212.662.6

4.2124.4

3.28.33.95.54.44.12.5

28.91.72.23.21.43.72.9

51.62.2

40.0

12.21.04.9

156.61.22.31.03.6

29.956.725.6

8.5

121.272.78.39.9

May1996

15.217.4

72.211.412.118.7

16.32.16.1

137.37.97.2

13.058.831.8

486.42.75.9

16.88.53.14.11.46.7

108.312.463.9

4.3124.6

3.47.84.06.04.94.22.5

29.21.52.13.41.43.72.9

53.02.3

41.0

12.11.04.5

160.51.32.31.13.6

30.558.126.0

8.3

121.673.5

8.210.4

June1996*

15.417.5

73.411.412.118.8

16.32.26.0

138.07.97.1

13.258.931.7

489.12.76.0

17.28.33.24.11.46.7

109.512.564.4

4.2125.9

3.47.93.96.04.74.22.5

29.61.52.13.31.43.82.8

53.52.3

41.3

12.31.05.0

161.71.32.31.13.6

31.058.725.9

8.3

123.074.9

8.210.4


June1995

99.8115.6

393.354.661.0

107.8

89.714.525.9

590.650.644.082.5

138.0145.1

1,949.513.925.5

109.635.413.923.713.935.0

405.456.6

168.019.4

415.521.816.021.030.834.125.510.0

154.59.5

12.817.99.0

20.913.4

220.427.4

150.9

63.95.9

21.9

706.79.9

15.29.2

21.6153.0210.0120.236.1

589.1288.2

46.156.3

May1996

96.7115.4

400.755.562.5

110.8

90.513.526.2

606.950.342.581.2

139.3147.7

1,991.014.226.1

117.135.613.724.713.535.4

417.654.5

172.819.4

422.423.715.421.331.836.126.210.0

157.89.2

13.118.28.9

22.313.8

227.929.1

157.7

63.56.6

22.3

713.110.015.99.5

21.4152.0209.7121.736.1

588.4295.8

47.156.6

June1996^

101.0118.4

406.456.062.7

111.1

92.414.326.4

612.950.542.781.5

140.4148.1

2,004.814.326.5

118.635.713.824.813.535.8

422.054.8

174.419.7

427.223.715.421.532.335.426.310.0

159.09.3

13.118.38.8

22.313.9

231.829.6

159.6

65.06.6

22.5

719.310.116.09.5

21.7152.9212.3122.536.7

597.2296.5

47.657.5








VirginiaBristolCharlottesvilleDanvilleLynchburgNorfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport NewsNorthern VirginiaRichmond-PetersburgRoanoke



88





(In thousands)

State and area


June1995

24.726.8

69.98.3

19.215.1

19.01.69.9

111.313.35.7

11.626.834.2

440.02.04.5

28.14.61.83.62.66.5

130.28.7

29.15.4

95.83.82.12.94.84.33.61.8

43.12.01.83.71.65.62.2

47.43.2

39.3

12.42.64.4

162.61.24.01.44.1

28.654.442.8

9.6

122.473.410.410.9

May1996

24.626.0

71.08.3

19.715.5

19.71.6

10.3

112.813.85.9

11.526.935.2

443.72.04.7

28.84.81.83.62.56.4

130.68.8

30.15.3

94.63.92.02.95.04.53.41.7

43.92.01.83.71.65.72.2

50.53.4

41.6

12.12.44.5

161.61.24.01.44.4

28.753.842.2

9.6

123.874.310.211.2

June1996P

24.626.1

72.08.4

19.815.6

20.01.7

10.5

114.113.95.9

11.827.435.6

447.21.94.7

29.04.91.83.72.56.6

131.38.8

30.45.4

95.13.92.12.85.14.63.51.7

44.22.01.83.71.65.82.2

51.23.4

42.0

12.32.54.5

163.51.24.11.54.5

29.254.342.5

9.7

125.175.010.111.3

June1995

145.5152.1

370.955.762.692.2

90.414.028.2

642.355.042.487.3

144.1184.8

2,143.917.023.1

140.039.913.423.312.840.3

466.051.0

173.218.3

523.423.610.020.030.726.122.510.9

186.410.013.320.2

8.625.314.8

238.344.7

159.4

77.57.9

27.4

890.77.5

18.78.6

22.9188.1348.3127.840.3

625.7328.8

53.059.4

Services

May1996

151.3155.4

383.156.965.695.9

91.613.728.4

658.756.042.884.0

146.8188.8

2,227.017.425.3

146.239.813.524.313.341.5

483.151.2

179.417.7

534.724.6

9.820.031.227.422.811.5

193.511.013.320.68.9

25.715.5

251.045.3

168.6

77.17.7

27.4

902.97.6

18.88.5

23.3183.7364.2130.539.5

648.8344.8

53.160.7

June1996P

150.7154.3

387.357.166.397.4

94.114.229.1

663.256.042.484.5

147.0189.8

2,255.617.125.8

147.539.913.624.313.341.9

489.251.5

181.018.2

541.324.6

9.919.931.627.823.511.4

193.610.613.420.98.9

25.915.4

257.046.4

172.3

79.1" 7.9

27.4

919.57.5

19.38.6

22.9186.2370.2132.040.2

654.4348.3

52.560.6

June1995

60.763.3

294.449.370.555.3

72.97.4

10.1

361.134.629.155.177.375.7

1,428.69.4

17.0126.424.413.021.224.030.9

190.349.087.026.4

240.525.712.811.322.432.917.17.9

128.95.2

10.810.85.8

15.012.2

166.216.3

108.4

44.97.4

14.3

602.05.6

23.86.1

12.4138.2178.499.017.5

455.4176.431.147.8

Governmen

May1996

62.265.7

296.947.772.657.7

73.37.79.7

395.635.631.655.681.778.4

1,491.69.9

16.8133.625.613.922.027.631.5

194.850.590.927.0

249.326.813.611.524.735.017.68.4

134.55.3

11.911.36.2

15.212.7

172.017.8

110.5

46.87.2

15.5

602.45.6

22.96.1

12.7136.9177.197.817.8

457.8179.230.847.3

June1996P

60.564.0

293.947.471.457.8

72.27.4

10.1

378.935.530.955.379.275.1

1,455.09.6

15.6128.624.813.321.522.831.2

190.950.689.326.9

241.926.613.311.523.234.317.28.0

130.45.3

11.411.25.8

14.812.4

169.916.7

109.7

44.87.3

14.8

596.95.5

24.06.0

12.8136.1176.897.017.8

458.5178.830.747.5








VirginiaBristolCharlottesvilleDanvilleLynchburgNorfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News ..Northern VirginiaRichmond-PetersburgRoanoke



89




(In thousands)

State and area

Total

June1995

692.3126.9118.767.363.4

2,595.9188.365.8

130.370.048.266.3

256.9814.1

80.560.061.9

231.330.3

919.159.167.872.4

574.6

43.0

May1996

714.8128.0121.169.264.3

2,591.3189.867.9

131.771.049.366.3

262.8806.8

81.560.762.5

223.429.9

930.062.470.073.0

582.3

40.5

June1996*

705.7128.4121.269.363.4

2,621.1192.666.7

132.971.748.967.2

262.9816.1

82.362.563.5

234.030.5

937.262.771.374.3

586.6

40.6

Mining

June1995

27.11.71.4.4

1.3

2.7V)V)OO(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)o(1)

17.22.0

1.00)0O

.5

(1)

May1996

25.71.81.6

.31.5

2.5O(1)(1)(1)(1)OO(1)(1)0(1)

16.51.7

1.1O(1)o .5

o

June1996P

25.91.91.6

.31.5

2.6(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)000)V)0(1)

16.91.8

1.0O0o .5

(1)

Constructior

June1995

34.57.15.83.92.3

108.310.23.07.23.22.22.7

12.129.5

3.02.32.5

16.11.9

47.22.43.24.1

33.8

1.3

May1996

34.97.76.64.82.2

107.310.02.97.13.42.32.7

12.528.1

3.02.42.4

14.51.6

49.63.04.13.9

36.2

1.7

June1996P

35.48.16.95.02.5

113.711.03.17.63.72.43.0

13.329.4

3.12.52.5

16.31.7

49.73.04.24.1

35.9

1.7

West VirginiaCharlestonHuntington-AshlandParkersburg-MariettaWheeling

WisconsinAppleton-Oshkosh-Neenah .Eau ClaireGreen BayJanesville-BeloitKenoshaLa CrosseMadisonMilwaukee-WaukeshaRacineSheboyganWausau

WyomingCasper

Puerto RicoCaguasMayaguezPonceSan Juan-Bayamon

Virgin Islands


90





(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

June1995

82.810.018.513.06.6

607.659.611.228.221.510.911.128.6

177.925.425.317.7

9.61.6

153.314.919.311.669.8

2.4

May1996

81.79.7

18.113.16.4

597.158.711.427.921.811.111.127.7

175.724.825.417.9

9.51.7

151.215.119.711.068.5

2.3

June1996?

81.99.7

18.213.26.3

606.559.811.628.522.011.111.228.3

176.825.026.118.3

9.81.7

149.815.219.310.767.7

2.4

Transportation andf

June1995

40.69.37.22.93.4

121.57.33.69.02.31.93.28.3

39.13.01.93.6

14.01.6

23.0.8.7

2.117.4

2.6

Dublic utilities

May1996

39.89.17.03.13.1

120.77.73.59.22.51.73.08.5

38.63.21.93.6

13.51.4

22.1.7.6

1.817.5

2.4

June1996?

40.09.27.03.23.0

120.57.83.59.32.51.83.18.4

38.23.31.93.6

14.21.5

22.1.7.6

1.717.8

2.3


June1995

160.031.630.817.115.8

597.639.717.930.316.714.019.657.5

178.016.511.115.1

54.48.5

182.613.211.213.7

119.6

10.4

May1996

163.131.531.417.015.6

594.640.518.631.016.913.820.058.2

177.117.210.815.3

53.18.6

183.214.311.413.9

118.2

9.0

June1996p

164.931.531.517.215.6

603.340.618.131.217.214.119.858.9

179.117.310.915.6

56.08.6

182.114.111.513.9

117.2

9.0


WisconsinAppieton-Oshkosh-Neenah .Eau ClaireGreen BayJanesville-BeloitKenoshaLa CrosseMadisonMilwaukee-WaukeshaRacineSheboyganWausau

WyomingCasper


Virgin Islands


91


ESTABLISHMENT DATA

STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT



(In thousands)

State and area


June1995

May1996

June1996P

Services

June1995

May1996

June1996P

Government

June1995

May1996

June1996p


WisconsinAppleton-Oshkosh-NeenahEau ClaireGreen BayJanesville-BeloitKenoshaLa CrosseMadisonMilwaukee-WaukeshaRacineSheboyganWausau

WyomingCasper


Virgin Islands

1 Combined with construction.2 Not available.p = preliminary.

27.16.93.82.52.9

137.59.42.49.41.91.62.4

21.056.72.32.04.5

8.01.1

43.11.72.22.1

33.5

1.9

27.77.23.62.52.9

136.99.72.59.82.01.52.4

21.156.72.21.94.5

8.01.2

43.41.62.32.2

33.7

1.7

28.07.33.62.52.9

138.19.72.59.82.01.52.3

21.357.52.21.84.5

8.21.2

43.41.62.42.2

33.9

1.7

183.837.131.017.020.6

639.441.116.730.015.910.718.361.4

240.520.810.911.9

52.48.0

166.710.010.814.2

115.1

10.8

190.237.031.717.222.0

645.141.116.530.715.711.317.862.9

241.421.511.911.5

48.28.0

173.310.911.114.9

120.7

9.3

191.137.532.217.321.7

655.341.816.730.415.610.618.063.1

243.521.612.711.7

53.48.3

169.810.610.714.7

119.3

9.4

136.423.220.210.510.5

381.421.011.016.28.46.99.1

67.992.5

9.56.46.5

59.65.6

302.216.120.424.6

184.9

13.6

151.724.021.111.210.6

387.222.112.516.18.67.69.4

71.989.3

9.76.47.3

60.15.7

306.116.820.825.3

187.0

14.1

138.523.220.210.69.9

381.221.911.316.28.77.59.8

69.691.6

9.86.57.3

59.25.7

319.317.522.627.0

194.3

14.1

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1995 benchmarks.

92


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURS AND EARNINGSNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailedindustry

Industry1987SIC

Code

Average weekly hours

June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Average overtime hours

June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Total private

Goods-producing

Mining




Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

Crushed and broken stone

Construction






Sawmills and planing mills, generalHardwood dimension and flooring mills ...








10101102

12122

13131138

14142

15152153154

16161162

17171172173174175176

242412422421242624324312434243524362442452451249

252512511251225142515252253254259

34.6

41.2

45.0

43.542.146.1

44.845.0

44.341.945.8

47.849.2

39.6

38.537.138.940.0

43.845.543.0

38.940.136.840.136.336.236.0

41.642.440.841.641.842.339.940.439.939.440.943.138.640.941.240.2

39.538.038.836.637.838.741.142.541.839.4

34.8

40.7

44.5

44.241.844.9

41.842.0

44.342.945.2

48.049.6

40.0

38.737.139.040.3

44.646.743.5

39.340.537.340.436.636.736.6

40.841.440.041.140.441.038.039.539.238.537.942.738.241.341.339.2

38.837.337.336.638.138.739.642.241.539.5

34.3

41.0

45.2

43.243.944.6

45.645.8

44.741.046.8

47.048.1

38.8

38.236.841.439.5

42.243.141.8

38.239.836.239.735.535.933.8

41.642.441.241.742.042.440.841.241.339.342.243.739.140.440.640.6

39.137.938.336.441.937.340.042.041.837.9

34.9

41.4

46.0

43.944.245.4

46.746.8

45.242.646.7

48.249.5

39.6

38.537.240.939.8

43.845.642.9

38.940.236.940.136.335.635.8

41.942.741.742.942.643.240.641.741.540.342.544.139.140.039.941.2

39.538.038.236.742.038.241.242.842.238.5

34.6

40.9

44.9

39.8

41.141.740.8

39.1

4.34.64.16.14.65.03.23.62.73.34.15.33.13.94.03.1

2.82.12.11.71.82.93.44.24.52.7

4.14.24.06.34.44.92.53.62.82.73.76.03.04.04.13.1

2.82.01.71.81.73.53.24.54.62.7

4.34.74.35.54.95.33.34.33.73.65.16.33.43.43.53.3

2.72.12.11.54.72.13.04.04.03.1

4.64.94.66.05.45.83.64.53.74.25.06.23.73.12.83.5

3.02.12.21.44.02.53.46.04.43.0

4.34.4

94


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURS AND EARNINGS


B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailedindustry—Continued

Industry1987SIC

Code


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Total private

Goods-producing

Mining




Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

Crushed and broken stone

Construction






Sawmills and planing mills, generalHardwood dimension and flooring mills ..








10101102

12122

13131138

14142

15152153154

16161162

17171172173174175176

242412422421242624324312434243524362442452451249

252512511251225142515252253254259

$11.34

13.02

15.23

16.4517.8214.69

18.3518.60

14.5318.7712.14

13.4212.87

15.03

14.1413.0113.7715.18

14.7515.0114.61

15.4115.6914.0116.8215.3614.9213.35

12.3212.8910.1111.7710.2610.598.90

10.1010.309.488.86

12.167.67

10.1510.269.54

9.789.278.78

10.028.979.76

10.409.98

10.869.93

$11.39

13.14

15.34

16.7218.1814.73

18.3618.64

14.7618.9712.33

13.4712.82

15.14

14.2513.1013.5915.29

14.8815.2414.70

15.5015.8414.0816.8715.4114.9613.47

12.3912.9310.2111.9010.3810.728.94

10.2110.489.439.01

12.387.65

10.1410.319.70

9.839.308.829.988.959.97

10.469.92

10.969.90

$11.73

13.38

15.44

17.3218.6015.54

18.5718.83

14.5919.0912.28

13.7613.14

15.27

14.5913.3813.9115.71

14.9015.0914.81

15.6015.9814.2116.9315.6515.3213.19

12.7113.2710.3411.6810.4910.869.05

10.4210.689.939.12

12.467.97

10.5010.669.81

10.089.549.13

10.239.25

10.0410.9310.6711.0810.11

$11.75

13.45

15.57

17.2618.4315.41

18.6418.92

14.7719.2812.41

13.8913.25

15.33

14.4813.1713.8815.69

15.2015.5715.01

15.6416.0214.1517.0815.6315.3713.33

12.7613.3210.4611.9010.6511.029.16

10.4710.679.999.12

12.647.99

10.6510.849.86

10.119.539.13

10.219.21

10.0910.8110.9411.1210.14

$11.74

13.58

15.61

15.51

12.8313.3910.47

10.13

$392.36

536.42

685.35

715.58750.22677.21

822.08837.00

643.68786.46556.01

641.48633.20

595.19

544.39482.67535.65607.20

646.05682.96628.23

599.45629.17515.57674.48557.57540.10480.60

512.51546.54412.49489.63428.87447.96355.11408.04410.97373.51362.37524.10296.06415.14422.71383.51

386.31352.26340.66366.73339.07377.71427.44424.15453.95391.24

$396.37

534.80

682.63

739.02759.92661.38

767.45782.88

653.87813.81557.3,

646.56635.87

605.60

551.48486.01530.01616.19

663.65711.71639.45

609.15641.52525.18681.55564.01549.03493.00

505.51535.30408.40489.09419.35439.52339.72403.30410.82363.06341.48528.63292.23418.78425.80380.24

381.40346.89328.99365.27341.00385.84414.22418.62454.84391.05

$402.34

548.58

697.89

748.22816.54693.08

846.79862.41

652.17782.69574.70

646.72632.03

592.48

557.34492.38575.87620.55

628.78650.38619.06

595.92636.00514.40672.12555.58549.99445.82

528.74562.65426.01487.06440.58460.46369.24429.30441.08390.25384.86544.50311.63424.20432.80398.29

394.13361.57349.68372.37387.58374.49437.20448.14463.14383.17

$410.08

556.83

716.22

757.71814.61699.61

870.49885.46

667.60821.33579.55

669.50655.88

607.07

557.48489.9;567.69624.46

665.76709.99643.93

608.40644.00522.14684.91567.37547.17477.21

534.64568.76436.18510.51453.69476.06371.90436.60442.81402.60387.60557.42312.41426.00432.52406.23

399.35362.14348.77374.71386.82385.44445.37468.23469.26390.39

$406.20

555.42

700.89

617.30

527.31558.36427.18

396.08

95




Industry1987SIC

Code


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Durable goods—ContinuedStone, clay, and glass products

Flat glassGlass and glassware, pressed or blown




Misc. nonmetallic mineral productsAbrasive productsAsbestos products
















Misc. fabricated metal productsValves and pipe fittings, neeMisc. fabricated wire products


323213223221322932332432532632732713272327332932913292

333313312331733233213322332533333343353351335333573363365

3434134113423423,5342934334323433344344134423443344434463453451345234634623465346934734713479348348334934943496

43.645.143.444.242.741.443.042.140.545.747.143.946.542.441.941.6

44.044.044.244.045.245.946.343.942.442.244.845.446.944.241.842.1

42.342.742.542.142.341.841.739.742.642.143.240.943.241.241.643.242.444.143.642.644.742.040.940.641.441.741.842.041.940.7

43.243.243.144.342.139.243.441.439.446.146.644.346.942.141.441.1

42.843.644.441.342.843.042.442.143.342.543.745.644.942.938.839.8

41.242.041.840.441.739.439.840.939.441.743.340.442.640.841.441.540.842.241.642.441.840.540.039.540.840.840.741.042.040.0

43.646.643.244.542.241.744.341.441.345.347.243.645.742.341.744.6

44.144.344.643.044.545.247.442.943.643.744.744.647.043.742.742.9

42.341.942.242.742.742.440.740.740.342.142.641.942.741.441.943.042.144.043.942.945.741.541.140.641.841.241.841.841.840.7

44.146.742.844.341.642.044.941.640.946.548.744.447.242.942.346.2

44.444.644.843.745.246.148.943.442.742.644.944.946.643.943.043.4

42.743.043.442.942.742.841.642.040.342.643.142.143.541.841.643.442.344.644.043.145.541.941.741.142.741.842.542.041.941.1

43.4

43.444.0

41.5

5.86.84.45.63.53.84.24.43.98.38.56.69.24.52.94.1

6.16.26.65.97.18.08.35.25.45.36.57.47.36.14.14.6

4.55.95.63.93.83.93.62.24.04.75.53.25.54.04.65.15.15.15.04.75.63.94.23.75.03.53.14.14.23.1

5.96.24.86.03.73.04.74.23.78.58.46.89.64.32.43.2

5.66.26.65.45.66.06.04.95.75.56.17.46.55.53.33.8

4.15.85.63.23.43.13.53.03.14.65.83.55.13.84.24.44.24.54.04.93.93.53.83.44.53.42.83.94.63.0

5.98.44.55.53.73.94.94.44.27.98.76.28.84.83.85.0

6.16.16.45.46.26.97.34.85.65.47.07.47.76.54.85.2

4.65.65.63.93.54.13.22.72.84.55.13.94.94.04.04.94.45.65.84.87.34.04.33.94.93.02.94.03.83.4

6.38.74.55.53.84.25.04.54.28.79.16.89.75.03.75.2

6.36.46.76.16.57.27.85.65.35.37.27.58.06.64.95.8

4.96.56.54.43.94.64.43.93.45.05.74.35.64.34.25.24.56.05.95.07.04.24.64.35.23.23.24.14.03.9

96





Industry1987SIC

Code


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Durable goods—ContinuedStone, clay, and glass products

Flat glassGlass and glassware, pressed or blown




Misc. nonmetallic mineral productsAbrasive productsAsbestos products
















Misc. fabricated metal productsValves and pipe fittings, neeMisc. fabricated wire products


323213223221322932332432532632732713272327332932913292

333313312331733233213322332533333343353351335333573363365

3434134113423423,5342934334323433344344134423443344434463453451345234634623465346934734713479348348334934943496

$12.3617.7514.0714.4913.7110.9116.0010.8910.6211.9611.2810.7712.6512.6810.8115.58

14.6117.3418.7213.7213.4314.2216.1312.0415.8615.8613.6513.4315.6413.8511.4410.88

12.0415.6916.7812.2011.3412.3310.669.80

10.9011.2911.299.60

12.5911.5310.6011.8511.3412.4314.0713.6015.9411.3810.1410.0010.3613.7614.5211.3611.6610.19

$12.4617.7114.1814.5913.8110.7315.9910.9010.5812.1211.2910.8612.8712.9111.0415.36

14.7017.4118.8013.5713.4114.1216.0712.1915.8015.6013.6413.5615.3313.8711.4610.90

12.1015.7916.8712.1211.3212.2010.7810.1411.0411.3611.329.69

12.5811.7110.6611.9611.3912.5914.1913.6816.2611.4010.2310.0810.4713.9214.7711.4511.8010.27

$12.7417.9314.3315.1213.6911.2916.8011.4410.8412.2611.7610.9312.9613.3011.7615.69

14.8317.57

13.7613.5214.3416.2412.3215.8215.5613.9314.1315.7514.1311.8311.18

12.4216.0516.9812.3211.5312.3611.1110.5911.1311.6011.719.87

12.8611.8210.9312.3211.7412.9714.6213.8316.7011.7310.4910.3810.6714.3015.4811.8112.0010.40

$12.8118.4714.4015.0913.8311.1816.5811.5110.9512.3911.7510.9613.1713.3511.7215.84

14.9217.6619.0913.9613.6014.4215.8712.3915.9715.7514.0314.2215.6414.3911.9011.31

12.4916.1917.0712.3811.5912.4211.3610.8011.3511.6811.739.86

13.1111.8911.0312.4611.8313.1514.7113.8616.8611.8110.4410.3210.6414.2515.4611.8612.1310.51

$12.94

15.0417.86

12.53

$538.90800.53610.64640.46585.42451.67688.00458.47430.11546.57531.29472.80588.23537.63452.94648.13

642.84762.96827.42603.68607.04652.70746.82528.56672.46669.29611.52609.72733.52612.17478.19458.05

509.29669.96713.15513.62479.68515.39444.52389.06464.34475.31487.73392.64543.89475.04440.96511.92480.82548.16613.45579.36712.52477.96414.73406.00428.90573.79606.94477.12488.55414.73

$538.27765.07611.16646.34581.40420.62693.97451.26416.85558.73526.11481.10603.60543.51457.06631.30

629.16759.08834.72560.44573.95607.16681.37513.20684.14663.00596.07618.34688.32595.02444.65433.82

498.52663.18705.17489.65472.04480.68429.04414.73434.98473.71490.16391.48535.91477.77441.32496.34464.71531.30590.30580.03679.67461.70409.20398.16427.18567.94601.14469.45495.60410.80

$555.46835.54619.06672.84577.72470.79744.24473.62447.69555.38555.07476.55592.27562.59490.39699.77

654.00778.35846.95591.68601.64648.17769.78528.53689.75679.97622.67630.20740.25617.48505.14479.62

525.37672.50716.56526.06492.33524.06452.18431.01448.54488.36498.85413.55549.12489.35457.97529.76494.25570.68641.82593.31763.19486.80431.14421.43446.01589.16647.06493.66501.60423.28

$564.92862.55616.32668.49575.33469.56744.44478.82447.86576.14572.23486.62621.62572.72495.76731.81

662.45787.64855.23610.05614.72664.76776.04537.73681.92670.95629.95638.48728.82631.72511.70

. 490.85

533.32696.17740.84531.10494.89531.58472.58453.60457.41497.57505.56415.11570.29497.00458.85540.76500.41586.49647.24597.37767.13494.84435.35424.15454.33595.65657.05498.12508.25431.96

$561.60

652.74785.84

520.00

97




Industry1987SIC

Code


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May1996

June July1996P 1996P

Durable goods—ContinuedIndustrial machinery and equipment

Engines and turbinesTurbines and turbine generator setsInternal combustion engines, nee




















3535135113519352352335335313532353335353537354354135423544354535463553552355535563563561356235633564356635683573571

3575,8,9358358535935923596,9

36361361236133623621362536336323633363436436413643364436453653651366366136736713674367936936913694

43.342.839.944.040.841.643.842.842.746.043.943.344.146.044.943.844.042.043.442.442.043.843.543.045.046.142.943.442.843.044.6

41.842.943.543.144.643.0

41.541.541.741.242.042.940.339.839.839.239.641.444.839.641.440.741.241.643.046.241.240.240.641.242.342.942.5

42.442.738.244.440.040.843.241.742.146.843.542.042.843.343.943.142.241.142.141.641.842.042.542.542.944.542.142.642.443.144.7

41.641.742.142.142.342.0

40.640.440.340.540.840.939.838.439.836.439.240.043.939.440.538.239.338.942.146.141.037.941.240.540.842.340.1

43.041.840.542.342.042.443.943.941.148.042.641.443.344.443.543.443.140.442.641.242.342.042.542.043.743.142.043.342.342.042.7

40.744.645.742.742.342.7

41.140.841.040.641.641.840.741.541.339.241.041.343.340.541.838.140.040.342.142.640.539.739.641.442.041.642.9

43.342.041.242.342.443.044.343.842.049.242.841.143.444.543.043.343.341.342.841.642.842.743.242.644.243.844.343.741.542.743.4

41.944.745.543.043.442.9

41.641.541.741.442.342.940.941.239.938.342.041.743.240.842.340.040.441.742.643.740.938.739.841.742.742.543.7

42.5

40.7

5.04.03.04.42.93.35.44.84.36.76.14.76.06.66.26.35.44.45.44.95.05.45.04.76.64.74.26.25.03.63.8

3.94.75.25.35.75.4

3.93.53.13.93.84.13.32.22.12.72.23.44.72.72.22.25.24.13.14.24.54.85.24.04.14.54.2

4.74.02.64.62.42.95.24.14.77.36.54.25.85.86.46.24.74.24.83.95.04.94.74.85.64.64.06.24.53.53.9

3.24.44.65.04.85.1

3.63.33.33.33.53.43.52.22.21.92.52.94.02.72.21.74.23.03.04.24.44.35.34.03.85.03.4

4.63.83.33.93.74.05.05.03.37.54.73.45.45.65.65.84.73.14.63.44.24.54.34.25.64.82.95.04.72.1

.6

3.85.76.65.15.45.1

3.63.33.13.63.53.53.32.82.21.92.53.63.73.03.02.43.83.33.23.13.73.74.33.54.84.05.9

4.84.34.34.33.54.05.14.84.18.04.92.95.55.45.36.04.73.94.63.34.35.04.84.96.34.84.15.34.62.91.9

4.65.76.45.15.75.1

4.04.03.54.54.24.53.72.71.31.92.84.03.43.34.02.93.73.53.63.94.03.94.73.85.04.26.2

98





Industry1987SIC

Code


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Durable goods—ContinuedIndustrial machinery and equipment

Engines and turbinesTurbines and turbine generator setsInternal combustion engines, nee




















3535135113519352352335335313532353335353537354354135423544354535463553552355535563563561356235633564356635683573571

3575,8,9358358535935923596,9

36361361236133623621362536336323633363436436413643364436453653651366366136736713674367936936913694

$13.17

()$15.26

12.7813.5912.8513.3613.7012.2212.3912.0013.8914.2214.2014.4412.2611.6713.5511.8515.2313.2212.8713.5714.0412.8810.8613.9412.5213.6914.98

13.5511.8812.0612.7214.0212.43

11.6211.4810.7512.2511.0010.3912.37

$13.729.02

11.5312.1611.3910.748.49

10.8611.2311.9513.2511.4613.3514.709.79

13.2113.9513.98

$13.23

$15.5712.9913.7412.9013.3914.0412.3112.5411.8613.9614.1914.1014.5712.2111.7613.6511.8015.4013.3812.8913.7813.9313.1310.8214.1012.4513.5914.90

13.4311.7911.9712.8313.8512.56

11.7211.4710.7212.2711.0410.3512.50

()$13.62

9.4011.5812.4911.5610.798.72

10.7911.1612.0213.2511.6813.7114.949.89

13.2013.9513.96

$13.45

$15.6413.1914.2013.0013.5313.9012.5712.7612.0214.1714.2514.7314.7112.5311.9713.9312.0615.4113.6513.1714.0714.1013.7510.8214.3712.8313.8415.38

13.6212.2912.5313.0614.0412.82

12.0711.7510.9712.5611.4110.8112.65

$13.699.54

12.2613.9812.1511.208.82

10.5610.9012.5713.8311.9813.5315.569.98

13.3614.4313.98

$13.51

)$15.83

13.4;14.3713.0013.5013.7912.7012.8312.0314.2114.1914.6314.8212.5412.0314.0612.1115.6113.7313.2614.1014.3113.6711.0014.3912.9514.0415.63

13.5712.3212.5713.0213.9312.76

12.1611.9311.1812.7011.4510.8412.61

$13.809.49

12.3813.9712.2311.458.90

10.7410.9412.8014.3111.9913.7715.5210.0013.6114.5114.30

$13.54

12.35

$570.26

$671.44521.42565.34562.83571.81584.99562.1;543.9;519.60612.55654.12637.58632.47539.44490.14588.07502.44639.66579.04559.85583.51631.80593.77465.89605.00535.86588.67668.11

566.39509.65524.61548.23625.29534.49

482.23476.42448.28504.70462.00445.73498.51

$537.82357.19477.34544.77451.04444.64345.54447.43467.17513.85612.15472.15536.67596.82403.35558.78598.46594.15

$560.9

$691.31519.60560.59557.28558.36591.08576.11545.49498.1597.49614.43618.99627.97515.26483.34574.67490.88643.7;561.96547.83585.65597.60584.29455.52600.66527.88585.73666.03

558.69491.64503.94540.14585.86527.52

475.83463.39432.02496.94450.43423.32497.50

$495.77368.48463.20548.31455.46437.00333.10424.05434.12506.04610.83478.88519.61615.53400.55538.56590.09559.80

$578.35

$661.57553.98602.08570.70593.97571.29603.36543.58497.63613.56632.70640.76638.41540.04483.59593.42496.87651.84573.30559.73590.94616.17592.63454.44622.22542.71581.28656.73

554.33548.13572.62557.66593.89547.41

496.08479.40449.77509.94474.66451.86514.86

$536.65391.14506.34605.33492.08468.16336.04422.40439.27529.20589.16485.19537.14616.18413.17561.12600.29599.74

$584.98

$669.61569.01617.91575.90591.30579.18624.84549.1494.43616.71631.46629.09641.71542.98496.84601.77503.78668.11586.27572.83600.66632.50598.75487.30628.84537.43599.51678.34

568.58550.70571.94559.86604.56547.40

505.86495.10466.21525.78484.34465.04515.75

$528.54398.58516.25603.50498.98484.34356.00433.90456.20545.28625.35490.39532.90617.70417.00581.15616.68624.91

$575.45

502.65

99




Industry1987SIC

Code


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May | June I July1996 1996P j 1996P

Durable goods—ContinuedTransportation equipment 37

Motor vehicles and equipment 371Motor vehicles and car bodies 3711Truck and bus bodies 3713Motor vehicle parts and accessories 3714Truck trailers 3715

Aircraft and parts 372Aircraft 3721Aircraft engines and engine parts 3724Aircraft parts and equipment, nee 3728

Ship and boat building and repairing 373Ship building and repairing 3731Boat building and repairing (3732

Railroad equipment i37437637613793792

Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .Guided missiles and space vehicles .

Misc. transportation equipmentTravel trailers and campers

Instruments and related products 38Search and navigation equipment 381Measuring and controlling devices J382

Environmental controls 3822Process control instruments 3823Instruments to measure electricity I3825

Medical instruments and supplies |384Surgical and medical instruments J3841Surgical appliances and supplies J3842

Ophthalmic goods J385386387

Photographic equipment and suppliesWatches, clocks, watchcases, and parts .

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ;39Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware J391

Jewelry, precious metal |3911Musical instruments |393Toys and sporting goods |394

Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles j3942,4Sporting and athletic goods, nee |3949

Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies |395Costume jewelry and notions |396

Costume jewelry J3961Miscellaneous manufactures I399

Signs and advertising specialties J3993

Nondurable goods .

43.9 i44.9 i45.4 !46.3;44.7 j44.0 I42.7 i41.4 ;

44.1 i43.6;41.7 i42.8 i39.8 l

44.0 !43.1 !

43.8 !39.1 I3 7 . 8 i

41.3 :41.141.7 '40.6 !42.7 !41.6 j41.0 i41.7 !39.9 i39.1 i43.0 !

40.3 ;

40.0 !38.7 ,38.3 I42.0 \39.9 I37.6 •41.1 '40.4 !

39.9 I40.7 i40.3 !41.7 j

| 40.5

Food and kindred products '20Meat products J201

Meat packing plants |2011Sausages and other prepared meats 12013Poultry slaughtering and processing i2015

Dairy products J202Cheese, natural and processed J2022Fluid milk 2026

Preserved fruits and vegetables 203Canned specialties 2032Canned fruits and vegetables 2033Frozen fruits and vegetables 2037

Grain mill products 204Flour and other grain mill products 2041Prepared feeds, nee |2048

41.241.143.241.839.742.941.342.539.743.837.940.144.945.044.3

42.142.644.643.741.441.041.740.743.7 |41.6 i41.4 i43.0 !38.5 '43.543.344.437.936.5

40.940.941.239.242.141.440.441.139.239.042.838.5

!39.0 i37.837.6 !38.0 j39.2 i36.9 I40.4 |40.3 !36.435.139.340.8

40.1

41.240.9 |42.5 |41.8 I39.6 I43.3 !43.1 |42.6 !39.3 j40.639.539.745.044.044.9

44.545.946.544.546.240.642.540.944.343.442.143.140.644.542.442.938.737.2

41.542.041.741.442.041.341.041.340.140.043.140.2

39.638.1 !37.1 '40.640.138.241.139.038.237.639.940.2

40.4

40.7 |39.741.741.437.942.340.641.940.042.239.939.144.544.443.6

44.545.845.945.646.340.943.141.744.643.942.243.739.944.641.241.039.037.7

42.042.742.341.542.742.841.641.341.139.743.040.7

39.738.837.541.739.637.840.639.839.238.439.940.5

40.8

41.040.041.641.338.642.240.642.240.743.039.838.244.644.544.0

42.643.3

41.0

38.5

40.3

41.2

5.76.56.96.56.74.44.74.05.75.14.04.63.14.44.24.52.01.6

3.32.93.02.92.92.83.13.52.72.26.31.5

2.82.02.23.03.22.03.82.71.91.32.93.7

3.9

4.84.95.75.44.25.54.74.84.04.33.74.86.76.56.8

4.54.85.55.24.44.74.64.05.64.83.94.72.54.34.65.21.81.3

3.22.82.92.72.92.52.92.92.91.96.51.5

2.61.92.03.02.81.93.22.71.2.9

2.93.5

4.0

5.14.75.35.64.15.65.25.14.83.45.84.97.36.87.0

I6.37.47.86.37.63.25.03.95.85.94.35.13.15.03.74.22.61.6

3.53.23.13.13.42.3 i2 .9;3.3 i2.8 |2.7 j8.31.9

2.82.01.72.72.91.83.52.32.01.73.33.4

3.8

4.43.84.75.22.75.34.64.63.63.93.33.06.66.06.4

6.2 |7.2 j7.0 i6.8 |7.7 '3.05.44.56.26.04.25.03.05.03.23.42.52.0

3.6 |3.3 i3.3 j3.7 |2.7 |3.3 !3.2 ,3.52.4 !8.12.2

2.82.22.0 |2.6 !2.6 |1.7 i3.1 |2.7 !2.42.03.33.5

4.1 >

4.74.15.15.03.2 j5.3 |4.34.84.43.44.63.17.06.36.5

4.1


100





Industry

Durable goods—ContinuedTransportation equipment

Motor vehicles and equipmentMotor vehicles and car bodiesTruck and bus bodiesMotor vehicle parts and accessoriesTruck trailers

Aircraft and partsAircraftAircraft engines and engine partsAircraft parts and equipment, nee

Ship and boat building and repairingShip building and repairingBoat building and repairing

Railroad equipmentGuided missiles, space vehicles, and parts ..

Guided missiles and space vehiclesMisc. transportation equipment

Travel trailers and campers

Instruments and related productsSearch and navigation equipmentMeasuring and controlling devices

Environmental controlsProcess control instrumentsInstruments to measure electricity

Medical instruments and suppliesSurgical and medical instrumentsSurgical appliances and supplies

Ophthalmic goodsPhotographic equipment and suppliesWatches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

Miscellaneous manufacturing industriesJewelry, silverware, and plated ware

Jewelry, precious metalMusical instrumentsToys and sporting goods

Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehiclesSporting and athletic goods, nee

Pens, pencils, office, and art suppliesCostume jewelry and notions

Costume jewelryMiscellaneous manufactures

Signs and advertising specialties

Nondurable goods

Food and kindred productsMeat products

Meat packing plantsSausages and other prepared meatsPoultry slaughtering and processing

Dairy productsCheese, natural and processedFluid milk

Preserved fruits and vegetablesCanned specialtiesCanned fruits and vegetablesFrozen fruits and vegetables

Grain mill productsFlour and other grain mill productsPrepared feeds, nee


1987SIC

Code

3737137113713371437153723721372437283733731373237437637613793792

3838138238223823382538438413842385386387

3939139113933943942,4394939539639613993993

202012011201320152022022202620320322033203720420412048


June July May1995 1995 I 1996

$16.7217.2920.4314.1316.1910.43

$15.9812.6314.0310.0214.9717.82J(3) !

$10.91 j10.56!

$16.73!17.3020.5613.8915.9910.65

$17.2317.9221.13

June1996P

$17.2717.9321.11

14.57 14.9216.581 16.6311.02 10.94

i

(2) (2)$15.97j $16.31

12.78) 12.6114.10| 14.0010.11 j 10.3414.97J 16.08

()$16.32

12.8014.1910.4616.25

12.6716.3112.5411.4111.9014.0111.5111.03

12.7616.4812.6111.3911.9714.2111.6111.08

17.641 18.351 18.29

$10.87J $11.36 $11.3410.55; 11.34! 11.35

10.86|9.74!

15.42 j8.811

9.99110.2210.2110.119.419.089.55

11.1218.527.13

10.3810.73

10.928.969.57

10.398.07

12.1911.0812.9310.4314.2511.28.19.28

13.6711.5411.01

10.959.58

15.478.84

10.0710.2210.1710.449.448.95!9.66J

11.14j9.0217.95

10.4010.72

13.0416.7713.0011.8112.6014.7011.9311.4710.989.72

15.589.52

10.3610.6710.7610.4819.849.25!

10.111110.97j9.0617.94 j

10.7510.97

i10.93!8.98!9.64 i

10.408.061

12.281j

13.00J10.45i13.85111.031

9.51 i13.79111.78!10.97)

11.209.049.68

10.438.13

12.7011.5113.3510.7214.0811.459.97

13.72

11.061

13.0816.7513.0411.8912.5814.7911.9511.4910.979.77

15.8019.47|

10.35!

July1996P

10.7310.8510.419.82 j9.31

10.0610.949.057.91

10.7211.05

11.53! 11.66! 11.89; 11.94

11.259.109.76

10.438.20

12.7511.47|13.4410.5914.0811.299.971

13.88;11.87J10.90!

$17.4518.21


June1995

$734.01776.32927.52654.22723.69458.92

July1995

$704.33736.98916.98606.99661.99436.65

I$696.73526.67600.48398.80658.68768.04

$664.35529.09606.30389.24651.20763.81

13.22

$426.58 $411.97399.17 385.08

523.27670.34522.92463.25508.13582.82471.91459.95433.31380.83663.06355.04

I10.421 399.60

395.51391.04424.62375.46341.41392.51449.25339.95290.19418.31447.44

12.03

11.25

466.97

449.90368.26413.42434.30320.38522.95457.60549.53414.07624.15427.51372.13613.78519.30487.74

521.88674.03519.53446.49503.94588.29469.04455.39429.24373.62662.12340.34

392.73386.32382.39396.72370.05330.26390.26448.94328.33279.05408.72437.38

467.57

450.32367.28409.70434.72319.18531.72480.57553.80410.69562.31435.69377.55620.55518.32492.55

May1996

$766.74822.53982.55648.37766.00447.41

$707.85530.88603.40419.80715.56778.04

$439.63421.85

541.16704.34542.10488.93529.20607.11489.13473.71440.30388.80671.50382.70

410.26406.53399.20425.49394.58353.35415.52427.83346.09298.54428.93440.99

480.36

455.84358.89403.66431.80308.13537.21467.31559.37428.80594.18456.86389.83610.54523.03482.22

June1996P

$768.52821.19968.95680.35769.97447.45

$716.45540.16620.10417.35724.75753.55

$442.26427.90

549.36715.23551.59493.44537.17633.01497.12474.54450.87387.87679.40385.43

410.90416.32406.88434.10388.87351.92408.44435.41354.76303.74427.73447.53

487.15

461.25364.00406.02430.76316.52538.05465.68567.17431.01605.44449.34380.85619.05528.22479.60

July1996P

$743.37788.49

542.02

401.17

484.81

463.50

101




Industry1987SIC

Code


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedFood and kindred products—Continued





















Paper and allied productsPaper millsPaperboard mills


2052051

2052,3206206120622063206420720820822086209

21211

22221222223224225225122522253225422572262261226222122822812282229

232312322321232523262332331233523372339234234123422362361238239239123922396

26262263

39.840.3

39.040.340.744.540.439.744.242.946.941.940.3

41.642.7

40.842.140.642.539.839.840.037.740.538.940.941.542.339.841.440.340.438.642.2

37.237.037.036.737.436.535.935.435.836.036.037.037.037.237.936.837.338.938.238.040.5

42.945.144.8

40.140.3

39.740.439.746.640.939.744.843.747.242.940.8

39.340.1

39.841.239.240.738.839.138.837.440.337.039.440.041.337.941.839.139.137.640.5

36.537.236.136.037.035.135.535.535.336.235.536.837.036.036.936.436.837.835.138.138.4

42.845.445.3

40.140.6

39.339.640.846.839.538.644.843.447.342.840.0

40.040.6

40.642.040.740.939.438.837.736.740.535.341.142.643.840.541.340.841.737.941.3

37.336.836.935.536.737.335.834.937.335.135.636.936.637.836.735.237.639.638.238.641.2

43.045.743.6

40.840.8

40.639.638.646.440.438.544.743.948.143.039.7

41.142.1

41.342.841.339.640.439.939.437.841.037.441.543.343.942.242.141.742.139.341.5

38.037.337.536.737.437.536.436.537.035.936.237.337.038.338.837.838.240.339.039.442.0

43.545.345.1

38.1

40.3

36.7

43.2

4.34.8

3.33.53.25.71.83.67.15.68.35.44.5

7.28.8

4.25.73.95.73.53.53.53.03.32.64.34.44.73.84.64.04.22.74.8

1.81.31.41.41.41.31.61.12.01.61.61.41.31.72.31.81.62.71.92.53.2

4.96.07.1

4.64.9

3.93.74.07.62.03.77.25.78.55.75.9

6.37.7

4.05.73.54.73.23.23.32.73.52.14.03.94.43.25.33.73.83.03.9

1.61.21.2.71.51.01.61.01.62.01.61.41.12.61.61.71.22.31.12.82.0

5.36.67.9 I

4.85.4

3.83.13.810.71.62.76.75.97.65.84.4

2.01.1 |1.41.31.11.11.7.9

2.31.51.71.51.32.32.22.01.43.41.8 |3.0 |4.0

5.16.46.7

5.05.6

3.93.33.511.41.62.96.56.48.85.94.4

5.16.3

4.15.84.34.62.43.02.22.63.11.74.85.05.24.34.54.14.62.83.8

5.66.8

4 .5 !6.44.54.33.23.53.02.73.42.55.35.65.45.55.24.64.83.84.2

2.31.21.61.61.61.21.81.41.91.81.81.71.42.63.12.91.63.91.83.54.7

5.46.17.1

102





Industry1987SIC

Code


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedFood and kindred products—Continued





















Paper and allied productsPaper millsPaperboard mills


2052051

2052,3206206120622063206420720820822086209

21211

22221222223224225225122522253225422572262261226222722822812282229

232312322321232523262332331233523372339234234123422362361238239239123922396

26262263

$11.8912.01

11.6712.1311.4016.2813.2711.0511.6315.4721.2212.619.83

21.9325.32

9.379.81

10.2710.048.738.628.128.308.058.899.749.529.299.929.299.179.129.48

10.70

7.618.017.187.047.147.087.296.507.847.857.187.247.018.136.796.497.068.767.578.06

10.92

14.1417.6817.63

$11.9612.04

11.8212.1311.4716.7013.4611.0411.7415.3521.0012.439.64

21.7425.00

9.399.85

10.349.918.848.568.038.297.978.909.649.549.359.849.409.239.159.70

10.70

7.648.237.196.977.097.307.306.567.987.917.147.407.108.566.746.477.118.767.528.22

10.88

14.4118.2718.06

$12.2112.47

11.7312.3811.6017.8113.1911.3112.1115.56

• 20.9712.9310.26

21.1924.72

9.619.99

10.639.868.968.818.178.738.218.699.669.799.68

10.239.679.439.429.75

10.85

7.938.187.347.177.387.327.486.468.357.947.317.477.298.067.117.077.399.267.608.39

11.95

14.5918.2818.32

$12.4312.78

11.8112.6911.9118.2413.5811.7112.1315.5821.3612.8210.20

21.5225.14

9.6710.0510.699.999.028.838.378.688.228.739.70

10.019.75

10.769.789.409.399.65

10.95

7.998.177.387.197.437.357.576.528.407.897.447.467.327.917.117.027.309.377.648.45

12.28

14.6418.3618.39

$21.97

9.64

7.99

14.82

$473.22484.00

455.13488.84463.98724.46536.11438.69514.05663.66995.22528.36396.15

912.291,081.16

382.30413.00416.96426.70347.45343.08324.80312.91326.03345.82398.37395.08392.97394.82384.61369.55368.45365.93451.54

283.09296.37265.66258.37267.04258.42261.71230.10280.67282.60258.48267.88259.37302.44257.34238.83263.34340.76289.17306.28442.26

606.61797.37789.82

$479.60485.21

469.25490.05455.36778.22550.51438.29525.95670.80991.20533.25393.31

854.381,002.50

373.72405.82405.33403.34342.99334.70311.56310.05321.19329.30379.82381.60386.16372.94392.92360.89357.77364.72433.35

278.86306.16259.56250.92262.33256.23259.15232.88281.69286.34253.47272.32262.70308.16248.71235.51261.65331.13263.95313.18417.79

616.75829.46818.12

$489.62506.28

460.99490.25473.28833.51521.01436.57542.53675.30991.88553.40410.40

847.601,003.63

390.17419.58432.64403.27353.02341.83308.01320.39332.51306.76397.03417.05423.98414.32399.37384.74392.81369.53448.11

295.79301.02270.85254.54270.85273.04267.78225.45311.46278.69260.24275.64266.81304.67260.94248.86277.86366.70290.32323.85492.34

627.37835.40798.75

$507.14521.42

479.49502.52459.73846.34548.63450.84542.21683.96

1,027.42551.26404.94

884.471,058.39

399.37430.14441.50395.60364.41352.32329.78328.10337.02326.50402.55433.43428.03454.07AM.74391.98395.32379.25454.43

303.62304.74276.75263.87277.88275.63275.55237.98310.80283.25269.33278.26270.84302.95275.87265.36278.86377.61297.96332.93515.76

636.84831.71829.39

$837.06

388.49

293.23

640.22

103




Industry1987SIC

Code


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedPaper and allied products—Continued

Paperboard containers and boxesCorrugated and solid fiber boxesSanitary food containersFolding paperboard boxes


















Leather and leather productsLeather tanning and finishingFootwear, except rubber



Service-producing



265265326562657267267226732677

272712722732731273227427527522759276278279

28281281928228212824283283428428412842,3284428528628652869287289

29291295

303013023053052306308

3131131431433144316317

42.242.441.342.341.541.841.540.5

37.932.836.639.338.939.736.239.439.140.141.738.738.9

43.345.545.444.244.745.142.242.240.841.539.940.943.044.845.544.644.643.5

43.743.345.7

41.644.839.942.643.741.441.3

38.742.238.137.640.238.837.4

32.8

39.6

41.942.040.442.841.242.240.839.8

37.932.536.639.538.840.335.639.439.339.742.238.838.5

42.845.145.543.744.544.241.140.840.641.840.040.342.344.745.544.544.743.0

44.143.646.6

40.342.640.340.942.339.540.1

36.739.636.234.639.135.936.8

33.2

40.1

42.743.042.842.741.242.141.740.8

38.033.036.139.839.140.735.739.439.040.141.139.438.9

43.046.045.943.644.444.741.340.940.341.740.539.442.445.146.444.845.742.9

42.641.745.3

41.642.738.942.543.441.441.4

38.242.036.935.938.436.838.8

32.5

39.3

43.544.043.043.341.742.841.841.3

38.032.937.238.737.739.835.539.439.040.141.739.639.0

43.546.246.444.245.045.641.541.141.242.640.340.943.145.646.945.346.243.2

44.744.446.3

41.842.239.242.443.442.041.8

39.142.938.137.540.038.138.2

33.2

40.1

37.9

43.1

44.4

40.8

37.6

4.54.74.54.53.93.34.42.7

2.71.21.92.91.93.91.53.33.23.43.92.33.6

4.95.25.36.06.36.04.44.33.13.33.42.83.86.17.65.85.84.7

5.84.99.1

4.06.11.84.14.53.63.9

2.15.21.61.61.92.71.3

33.0

39.6

4.85.14.55.14.24.04.33.1

2.91.12.43.62.54.71.43.63.63.73.82.53.7 |

4.75.55.85.86.25.93.73.53.13.43.32.93.86.17.25.95.94.5

6.15.0

10.2

3.85.71.74.14.83.03.7

1.74.41.3.9

1.81.71.1

4.85.14.94.83.93.34.73.3

2.71.31.93.32.93.81.9 I3.3 i3.23.53.32.53.7

4.75.55.65.55.85.24.03.82.83.62.82.44.16.26.56.16.74.5

5.64.69.1

4.25.31.54.54.63.54.2

1.75.41.0.9.6

1.11.1

5.45.85.45.24.43.64.93.6

2.71.21.92.31.03.71.83.23.03.64.12.54.0

5.05.75.95.85.95.94.03.73.34.13.23.04.86.37.56.06.74.8

6.14.8

10.3

4.44.32.04.44.74.24.5

2.15.71.31.21.02.41.4

104





Industry1987SIC

Code


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedPaper and allied products—Continued

Paperboard containers and boxesCorrugated and solid fiber boxesSanitary food containersFolding paperboard boxes


















Leather and leather productsLeather tanning and finishingFootwear, except rubber



Service-producing



265265326562657267267226732677

272712722732731273227427527522759276278279

28281281928228212824283283428428412842,3284428528628652869287289

29291295

303013023053052306308

3131131431433144316317

$12.0412.0312.1112.7712.2914.1011.2811.43

12.2512.1013.5411.7010.8112.7011.5712.4112.5112.0413.069.63

15.12

15.5017.0117.2815.9417.7014.0115.1314.9412.7115.6711.9311.5512.9318.9718.8519.1315.5214.42

19.1521.2714.73

10.9017.658.42

10.9811.2810.4410.23

8.0910.797.648.277.008.157.43

10.76

14.11

$12.1312.1712.2012.8012.4114.3111.3911.74

12.3312.2413.5011.4611.1211.8311.4512.5612.6512.2413.019.68

15.28

15.6817.2317.5816.0617.8714.1615.2915.0812.7215.7712.2011.4112.9219.3919.1619.5715.7614.62

19.2521.3414.83

11.0117.858.34

11.1711.5210.4710.32

8.0110.657.508.186.868.237.50

10.81

14.25

$12.3312.2512.3713.1212.7714.9711.6411.88

12.5312.4013.6611.7511.2412.3012.1512.7312.8712.2713.409.84

15.49

16.0717.7718.0616.7418.4314.4615.6515.4413.0316.1712.1211.7713.4819.4919.3419.6315.8014.77

18.9721.1814.57

11.1917.919.08

11.4011.4910.6910.55

8.4311.357.918.717.008.527.51

11.17

14.43

$12.3912.3312.3813.1212.8015.2311.5911.85

12.5412.4413.6611.8811.3412.4511.9612.7012.8712.2113.479.86

15.62

16.1417.8318.1916.8418.4114.6515.9815.8312.8416.1012.5011.3213.5519.4819.6319.5515.9614.85

18.7820.7914.77

11.2017.999.11

11.3611.5210.7310.57

8.4611.647.838.646.878.687.56

11.18

14.44

$12.67

16.24

18.97

11.31

8.43

$11.12

14.47

$508.09510.07500.14540.17510.04589.38468.12462.92

464.28396.88495.56459.81420.51504.19418.83488.95489.14482.80544.60372.68588.17

671.15773.96784.51704.55791.19631.85638.49630.47518.57650.31476.01472.40555.99849.86857.68853.20692.19627.27

836.86920.99673.16

453.44790.72335.96467.75492.94432.22422.50

313.08455.34291.08310.95281.40316.22277.88

352.93

558.76

$508.25511.14492.88547.84511.29603.88464.71467.25

467.31397.80494.10452.67431.46476.75407.62494.86497.15485.93549.02375.58588.28

671.10777.07799.89701.82795.22625.87628.42615.26516.43659.19488.00459.82546.52866.73871.78870.87704.47628.66

848.93930.42691.08

443.70760.41336.10456.85487.30413.57413.83

293.97421.74271.50283.03268.23295.46276.00

358.89

571.43

$526.49526.75529.44560.22526.12630.24485.39484.70

476.14409.20493.13467.65439.48500.61433.76501.56501.93492.03550.74387.70602.56

691.01817.42828.95729.86818.29646.36646.35631.50525.11674.29490.86463.74571.55879.00897.38879.42722.06633.63

808.12883.21660.02

465.50764.76353.21484.50498.67442.57436.77

322.03476.70291.88312.69268.80313.54291.39

363.03

567.10

$538.97542.52532.34568.10533.76651.84484.46489.41

476.52409.28508.15459.76427.52495.51424.58500.38501.93489.62561.70390.46609.18

702.09823.75844.02744.33828.45668.04663.17650.61529.01685.86503.75462.99584.01888.29920.65885.62737.35641.52

839.47923.08683.85

468.16759.18357.11481.66499.97450.66441.83

330.79499.36298.32324.00274.80330.71288.79

371.18

579.04

$480.19

699.94

842.27

461.45

316.97

$366.96

573.01

105




Industry1987SIC

Code


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Transportation and public utilities—ContinuedRailroad transportation:

Class I railroads plus Amtrak4

Local and interurban passenger transitLocal and suburban transportationIntercity and rural bus transportation

Trucking and warehousingTrucking and courier services, except airPublic warehousing and storage

Water transportation:Water transportation services





Telephone communications, except radioRadio and television broadcastingCable and other pay television services


Wholesale trade

Durable goodsMotor vehicles, parts, and suppliesFurniture and home furnishingsLumber and other construction materialsProfessional and commercial equipment ...:

Medical and hospital equipmentMetals and minerals, except petroleumElectrical goodsHardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...Machinery, equipment, and suppliesMisc. wholesale trade durable goods

Nondurable goodsPaper and paper productsDrugs, proprietaries, and sundriesApparel, piece goods, and notionsGroceries and related productsFarm-product raw materialsChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and petroleum productsBeer, wine, and distilled beverages ,Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

Retail trade



4011

41411413

42421422

449

46

474724724473

484814813483484

49491492493495

505015025035045047505506507508509

51511512513514515516517518519

52521523525526

46.0

34.238.538.1

39.439.439.7

36.4

42.6

37.736.836.738.7

39.641.341.334.539.0

42.242.341.842.242.6

38.3

38.938.237.640.238.938.040.738.539.039.338.2

37.636.537.237.438.435.939.237.837.436.9

29.1

36.337.936.932.533.5

47.4

35.238.738.3

39.139.140.0

37.3

44.0

38.637.837.939.7

40.442.041.835.640.0

42.643.042.142.242.6

38.5

39.038.237.640.339.438.540.438.738.939.637.9

37.736.837.137.038.735.139.738.237.736.6

29.7

36.538.137.133.033.2

47.0

34.638.638.3

38.938.938.9

37.5

44.1

37.637.236.938.2

40.241.942.434.839.4

41.941.741.842.042.6

38.2

38.938.137.440.338.838.541.238.938.839.238.2

37.336.936.036.638.135.339.637.137.436.9

28.7

35.637.236.531.733.5

48.0

34.338.938.5

39.639.639.3

38.1

45.1

38.737.837.540.0

41.443.443.835.639.8

42.242.142.341.943.2

38.8

39.538.337.840.839.939.441.739.439.339.838.3

37.837.336.736.738.636.040.238.237.937.0

29.4

36.037.536.532.733.6

38.3

29.6

- I" i

_ I

106





Industry1987SIC

Code


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Transportation and public utilities—ContinuedRailroad transportation:

Class I railroads plus Amtrak4

Local and interurban passenger transitLocal and suburban transportationIntercity and rural bus transportation

Trucking and warehousingTrucking and courier services, except airPublic warehousing and storage

Water transportation:Water transportation services





Telephone communications, except radioRadio and television broadcastingCable and other pay television services


Wholesale trade

Durable goodsMotor vehicles, parts, and suppliesFurniture and home furnishingsLumber and other construction materialsProfessional and commercial equipment

Medical and hospital equipmentMetals and minerals, except petroleumElectrical goodsHardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...Machinery, equipment, and suppliesMisc. wholesale trade durable goods

Nondurable goodsPaper and paper productsDrugs, proprietaries, and sundriesApparel, piece goods, and notionsGroceries and related productsFarm-product raw materialsChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and petroleum productsBeer, wine, and distilled beveragesMisc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

Retail trade



4011

41411413

42421422

449

46

474724724473

484814813483484

49491492493495

505015025035045047505506507508509

51511512513514515516517518519

52521523525526

$17.31

10.5511.1812.23

12.8012.9810.38

17.81

20.09

12.3612.0212.3513.21

15.4016.0616.4615.0711.95

17.4618.4017.0421.1712.68

12.34

12.8011.2611.1511.7315.3713.4812.6413.3312.1112.8810.12

11.6812.1214.6911.4512.028.92

13.3111.0813.339.66

7.65

8.979.279.727.708.01

$17.52

10.6111.2012.25

12.7912.9710.49

18.02

20.15

12.5812.3412.7213.30

15.5216.1516.5515.3511.99

17.7218.6117.2421.6213.01

12.45

12.9211.3111.2611.7915.5113.5412.7413.5512.2512.9910.10

11.7912.1715.0011.4612.108.91

13.3811.1513.499.76

7.66

9.069.389.767.718.11

$17.52

10.5611.3212.66

13.0913.2810.59

17.14

20.11

12.9213.0113.4213.30

15.8916.5516.8615.6512.51

18.0519.2417.4721.4513.42

12.72

13.2611.5911.7711.9615.9014.5012.9414.0312.4913.2910.35

11.9612.2415.3511.8512.309.13

13.4211.1013.769.91

7.92

9.319.809.897.898.02

$17.49

10.7011.2812.92

13.0213.2110.57

17.08

20.60

12.8712.9413.3013.30

15.9516.5116.8216.0612.63

17.9319.1017.4821.4313.21

12.85

13.3911.6611.8712.0716.0614.5712.9814.2712.6713.4010.40

12.0612.3315.8011.8812.359.16

13.5911.1713.889.97

7.95

9.339.779.967.898.06

$12.77

7.92

$796.26

360.81430.43465.96

504.32511.41412.09

648.28

855.83

465.97442.34453.25511.23

609.84663.28679.80519.92466.05

736.81778.32712.27893.37540.17

472.62

497.92430.13419.24471.55597.89512.24514.45513.21472.29506.18386.58

439.17442.38546.47428.23461.57320.23521.75418.82498.54356.45

222.62

325.61351.33358.67250.25268.34

$830.45

373.47433.44469.18

500.09507.13419.60

672.15

886.60

485.59466.45482.09528.01

627.01678.30691.79546.46479.60

754.87800.23725.80912.36554.23

479.33

503.88432.04423.38475.14611.09521.29514.70524.39476.53514.40382.79

444.48447.86556.50424.02468.27312.74531.19425.93508.57357.22

227.50

330.69357.38362.10254.43269.25

$823.44

365.38436.95484.88

509.20516.59411.95

642.75

886.85

485.79483.97495.20508.06

638.78693.45714.86544.62492.89

756.30802.31730.25900.90571.69

485.90

515.81441.58440.20481.99616.92558.25533.13545.77484.61520.97395.37

446.11451.66552.60433.71468.63322.29531.43411.81514.62365.68

227.30

331.44364.56360.99250.11268.67

$839.52

367.01438.79497.42

515.59523.12415.40

650.75

929.06

498.07489.13498.75532.00

660.33716.53736.72571.74502.67

756.65804.11739.40897.92570.67

498.58

528.91446.58448.69492.46640.79574.06541.27562.24497.93533.32398.32

455.87459.91579.86436.00476.71329.76546.32426.69526.05368.89

233.73

335.88366.38363.54258.00270.82

$489.09

234.43

107




Industry1987SIC

Code


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Retail trade—ContinuedGeneral merchandise stores

Department storesVariety storesMisc. general merchandise stores

Food storesGrocery storesRetail bakeries

Automotive dealers and service stations ...New and used car dealersAuto and home supply storesGasoline service stationsAutomotive dealers, nee


Furniture and home furnishings storesFurniture and home furnishings stores ...Household appliance storesRadio, television, and computer stores ...

Radio, television, and electronic storesRecord and prerecorded tape stores ...

Eating and drinking places5

Miscellaneous retail establishmentsDrug stores and proprietary storesUsed merchandise storesMiscellaneous shopping goods stores ....Nonstore retailersFuel dealersRetail stores, nee

Optical goods storesMiscellaneous retail stores, nee



State commercial banksNational and commercial banks, nee ...

Credit unions

Nondepository institutionsPersonal credit institutions

Security and commodity brokers:Security and commodity services


Hospital and medical service plansFire, marine, and casualty insurance

Services

Agricultural services


53531533539

54541546

55551553554559

56561562565566

5757157257357315735

58

5959159359459659859959955999

6060260226021,9606

61614

628

636316326324633

07

30.230.427.929.6

30.230.428.2

35.737.137.632.635.0

26.229.523.727.326.4

32.933.135.032.232.126.4

25.4

30.028.831.328.333.337.231.732.532.5

35.6

35.335.135.534.835.9

37.638.2

35.9

37.837.438.338.138.0

32.5

35.7

30.430.628.530.2

30.830.928.8

36.037.138.133.334.9

26.829.824.128.127.2

33.533.435.633.032.827.8

26.1

30.529.331.929.133.537.431.932.733.0

36.3

36.236.236.536.036.3

38.738.6

36.8

38.238.238.137.938.1

32.8

35.5

29.129.227.129.4

29.429.627.5

35.336.937.531.735.1

26.228.624.726.726.2

32.533.133.331.631.625.4

25.2

29.928.530.827.933.337.132.233.831.8

35.6

34.834.534.734.335.6

37.738.3

36.6

38.037.638.939.138.2

32.2

35.3

29.930.027.430.2

30.330.628.0

36.037.538.532.634.8

27.029.825.228.126.9

33.433.833.632.832.426.7

25.9

30.329.131.129.133.437.431.434.332.0

36.5

36.236.236.635.936.6

38.838.9

37.5

38.538.339.039.038.4

32.8

36.2

35.5

32.5

108





Industry1987SIC

Code


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Retail trade—ContinuedGeneral merchandise stores

Department storesVariety storesMisc. general merchandise stores

Food storesGrocery storesRetail bakeries

Automotive dealers and service stations ...New and used car dealersAuto and home supply storesGasoline service stationsAutomotive dealers, nee


Furniture and home furnishings storesFurniture and home furnishings stores ...Household appliance storesRadio, television, and computer stores...

Radio, television, and electronic storesRecord and prerecorded tape stores ...

Eating and drinking places5

Miscellaneous retail establishmentsDrug stores and proprietary storesUsed merchandise storesMiscellaneous shopping goods stores ....Nonstore retailersFuel dealersRetail stores, nee

Optical goods storesMiscellaneous retail stores, nee



State commercial banksNational and commercial banks, nee ...

Credit unions

Nondepository institutionsPersonal credit institutions

Security and commodity brokers:Security and commodity services


Hospital and medical service plansFire, marine, and casualty insurance

Services

Agricultural services


53531533539

54541546

55551553554559

56561562565566

5757157257357315735

58

5959159359459659859959955999

6060260226021,£606

61614

628

636316326324633

07

$7.517.527.357.48

8.078.157.37

10.4613.238.736.9211.35

7.498.956.997.477.57

10.119.7610.0610.6110.656.33

5.56

8.478.887.037.769.1111.448.6810.758.99

12.19

9.549.088.929.199.49

12.4210.16

17.38

14.6614.0113.7614.0315.85

11.22

8.75

$7.537.557.337.45

8.108.197.35

10.5313.448.776.9311.17

7.448.987.017.447.40

10.189.7810.1910.7110.636.42

5.57

8.468.877.097.679.1611.458.7710.939.04

12.32

9.619.168.979.309.59

12.6810.31

17.67

14.8614.2413.9314.1916.09

11.26

8.76

$7.897.947.247.56

8.358.457.37

10.8413.638.977.0811.66

7.729.177.607.557.63

10.379.9810.1510.9510.356.51

5.72

8.689.167.287.979.3711.488.8111.059.16

12.75

9.889.419.259.539.77

12.8510.74

18.12

15.2814.6414.1714.4616.56

11.68

9.10

$7.897.947.277.53

8.288.387.49

11.1714.379.027.1111.74

7.779.377.567.677.66

10.6610.1810.6011.3410.876.61

5.70

8.719.167.238.019.3711.498.9011.069.19

12.76

9.899.459.239.609.82

12.8810.86

18.13

15.3414.5314.3714.6416.70

11.67

9.07

$12.69

11.61

$226.80228.61205.07221.41

243.71247.76207.83

373.42490.83328.25225.59397.25

196.24264.03165.66203.93199.85

332.62323.06352.10341.64341.87167.11

141.22

254.10255.74220.04219.61303.36425.57275.16349.38292.18

433.96

336.76318.71316.66319.81340.69

466.99388.11

623.94

554.15523.97527.01534.54602.30

364.65

312.38

$228.91231.03208.91224.99

249.48253.07211.68

379.08498.62334.14230.77389.83

199.39267.60168.94209.06201.28

341.03326.65362.76353.43348.66178.48

145.38

258.03259.89226.17223.20306.86428.23279.76357.41298.32

447.22

347.88331.59327.41334.80348.12

490.72397.97

650.26

567.65543.97530.73537.80613.03

369.33

310.98

$229.60231.85196.20222.26

245.49250.12202.68

382.65502.95336.38224.44409.27

202.26262.26187.72201.59199.91

337.03330.34338.00346.02327.06165.35

144.14

259.53261.06224.22222.36312.02425.91283.68373.49291.29

453.90

343.82324.65320.98326.88347.81

484.45411.34

663.19

580.64550.46551.21565.39632.59

376.10

321.23

$235.91238.20199.20227.41

250.88256.43209.72

402.12538.88347.27231.79408.55

209.79279.23190.51215.53206.05

356.04344.08356.16371.95352.19176.49

147.63

263.91266.56224.85233.09312.96429.73279.46379.36294.08

465.74

358.02342.09337.82344.64359.41

499.74422.45

679.88

590.59556.50560.43570.96641.28

382.78

328.33

$450.50

377.33

109




Industry1987SIC

Code


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Services—ContinuedAgricultural services—Continued

Veterinary servicesLandscape and horticultural services

Hotels and other lodging places:Hotels and motels5

Personal services:Laundry, cleaning, and garment servicesBeauty shops5

Miscellaneous personal services

Business servicesAdvertisingMailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:




Personnel supply services:Help supply services

Computer and data processing servicesComputer programming servicesComputer integrated systems designInformation retrieval servicesComputer maintenance and repair

Miscellaneous business servicesDetective and armored car servicesSecurity systems services





Miscellaneous repair services

Motion picturesMotion picture production and servicesVideo tape rental



Health servicesOffices and clinics of medical doctorsOffices and clinics of dentistsOffices and clinics of other health practitioners ..Nursing and personal care facilities

Intermediate care facilitiesHospitals


074078

701

721723729

73731

733473473427349735735273537359

7363737737173737375737873873817382

7575175147527537532,475387547542

76

78781784

7979379979917997

808018028048058052806

29.638.3

31.0

34.128.126.8

33.136.3

37.828.938.228.139.438.539.939.5

31.937.338.037.536.539.633.233.935.4

36.336.836.633.138.237.537.932.029.8

38.3

29.237.823.3

28.024.228.418.929.5

32.732.328.029.832.331.534.6

30.137.7

32.2

33.728.026.5

33.036.9

37.228.938.628.039.739.739.939.6

31.537.938.038.736.838.933.033.935.6

36.336.536.633.038.137.337.932.530.8

38.3

30.538.424.7

29.024.629.619.430.4

33.032.527.830.133.332.734.6

28.737.7

30.6

34.627.827.4

33.136.1

36.428.837.428.039.437.540.139.7

32.137.538.137.637.939.732.934.136.3

36.036.236.332.438.338.137.631.028.4

38.0

29.939.323.4

26.324.026.318.028.7

32.432.628.129.432.031.634.2

30.038.6

31.5

34.427.827.3

33.636.9

36.928.837.627.940.438.640.440.8

32.538.438.739.338.839.633.534.337.3

36.736.636.733.438.538.238.132.730.5

38.3

30.739.324.2

28.024.528.419.029.8

32.833.128.330.032.832.634.4

110





Industry1987SIC

Code


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Services—ContinuedAgricultural services—Continued

Veterinary servicesLandscape and horticultural services

Hotels and other lodging places:Hotels and motels5

Personal services:Laundry, cleaning, and garment servicesBeauty shops5

Miscellaneous personal services

Business servicesAdvertisingMailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:




Personnel supply services:Help supply services

Computer and data processing servicesComputer programming servicesComputer integrated systems designInformation retrieval servicesComputer maintenance and repair

Miscellaneous business servicesDetective and armored car servicesSecurity systems services





Miscellaneous repair services

Motion picturesMotion picture production and servicesVideo tape rental



Health servicesOffices and clinics of medical doctorsOffices and clinics of dentistsOffices and clinics of other health practitioners ...Nursing and personal care facilities

Intermediate care facilitiesHospitals


074078

701

721723729

73731

733473473427349735735273537359

7363737737173737375737873873817382

7575175147527537532,475387547542

76

78781784

7979379979917997

808018028048058052806

$8.698.80

7.81

7.508.618.36

10.6215.77

9.917.449.707.16

10.9810.3414.5710.05

8.7817.7420.5218.7514.4314.269.077.09

10.80

9.889.628.617.21

11.0611.5211.097.396.33

11.58

12.4818.59

5.78

8.346.987.768.128.05

12.3512.3912.3411.348.748.15

14.15

$8.738.81

7.73

7.568.688.57

10.7916.06

10.087.559.977.25

11.0510.5114.6010.11

8.8617.9420.7018.9314.6914.359.177.15

11.07

9.909.718.717.38

11.0611.5211.077.386.32

11.64

12.3118.575.77

8.176.967.648.107.96

12.4112.4312.3811.428.768.16

14.30

$9.039.17

8.09

7.738.938.87

11.0816.31

10.507.559.877.26

11.3910.5114.9210.51

9.1318.3521.0819.1914.7114.249.387.35

11.48

10.189.668.657.29

11.4111.9611.407.666.70

11.93

13.8219.005.93

8.857.028.278.048.63

12.7513.0112.7511.768.928.27

14.61

$8.959.15

8.04

7.738.978.86

11.1816.74

10.597.62

10.177.29

11.3210.4315.1410.37

9.1518.6621.5419.5114.6814.159.397.39

11.71

10.159.748.747.37

11.3611.9111.357.606.64

12.02

13.2418.635.95

8.447.167.897.938.23

12.7613.0712.8211.778.918.24

14.62

$257.22337.04

242.11

255.75241.94224.05

351.52572.45

374.60215.02370.54201.20432.61398.09581.34396.98

280.08661.70779.76703.13526.70564.70301.12240.35382.32

358.64354.02315.13238.65422.49432.00420.31236.48188.63

443.51

364.42702.70134.67

233.52168.92220.38153.47237.48

403.85400.20345.52337.93282.30256.73489.59

$262.77332.14

248.91

254.77243.04227.11

356.07592.61

374.98218.20384.84203.00438.69417.25582.54400.36

279.09679.93786.60732.59540.59558.22302.61242.39394.09

359.37354.42318.79243.54421.39429.70419.55239.85194.66

445.81

375.46713.09142.52

236.93171.22226.14157.14241.98

409.53403.98344.16343.74291.71266.83494.78

$259.16345.71

247.55

267.46248.25243.04

366.75588.79

382.20217.44369.14203.28448.77394.13598.29417.25

293.07688.13803.15721.54557.51565.33308.60250.64416.72

366.48349.69314.00236.20437.00455.68428.64237.46190.28

453.34

413.22746.70138.76

232.76168.48217.50144.72247.68

413.10424.13358.28345.74285.44261.33499.66

$268.50353.19

253.26

265.91249.37241.88

375.65617.71

390.77219.46382.39203.39457.33402.60611.66423.10

297.38716.54833.60766.74569.58560.34314.57253.48436.78

372.51356.48320.76246.16437.36454.96432.44248.52202.52

460.37

406.47732.16143.99

236.32175.42224.08150.67245.25

418.53432.62362.81353.10292.25268.62502.93

111




Industry1987SIC

Code


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Services—ContinuedHealth services—Continued

Home health care services

Legal services


Membership organizations:Professional organizations

Engineering and management servicesEngineering and architectural services ...

Engineering servicesArchitectural servicesSurveying services

Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..Research and testing services

Commercial physical researchCommercial nonphysical researchNoncommercial research organizations


Services, nee


808

81

83832833835836839

862

87871871187128713872873873187328733874874187428743

89

28.6

34.7

31.131.331.130.031.831.2

34.6

37.139.039.238.437.836.336.139.228.836.236.436.035.433.0

36.9

29.0

35.4

31.531.631.230.232.831.3

35.6

37.439.239.538.337.836.436.539.129.636.936.636.636.334.5

37.5

27.7

34.6

30.930.930.929.831.731.5

34.5

36.939.039.337.838.235.836.239.530.135.435.835.335.335.0

36.1

28.3

35.6

31.531.531.330.532.531.4

35.4

37.639.740.038.937.936.437.140.331.036.736.435.636.135.4

36.9

112





Industry1987SIC

Code


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Services—ContinuedHealth services—Continued

Home health care services

Legal services


Membership organizations:Professional organizations

Engineering and management servicesEngineering and architectural services ...

Engineering servicesArchitectural servicesSurveying services

Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..Research and testing services

Commercial physical researchCommercial nonphysical researchNoncommercial research organizations


Services, nee

808

81

83832833835836839

862

87871871187128713872873873187328733874874187428743

89

$10.85

15.97

8.278.818.076.988.479.89

15.88

15.5817.0417.7515.3412.2014.0116.2518.6711.8618.2514.3412.9316.7213.86

14.84

$10.82

16.21

8.318.898.106.868.509.92

15.90

15.7617.1717.8715.6412.1214.3316.4318.8612.0318.4514.5212.9816.8814.48

15.01

$11.13

16.45

8.478.988.187.288.64

10.13

16.40

16.1417.7818.4516.2612.9814.0616.9219.3012.7319.5615.0413.4417.2914.49

15.70

$11.07

16.77

8.529.078.237.208.64

10.53

16.62

16.3117.7818.4516.3412.9914.3217.1919.6813.3419.6315.2113.6117.5714.78

16.30

$310.31

554.16

257.20275.75250.98209.40269.35308.57

549.45

578.02664.56695.80589.06461.16508.56586.63731.86341.57660.65521.98465.48591.89457.38

547.60

$313.78

573.83

261.77280.92252.72207.17278.80310.50

566.04

589.42673.06705.87599.01458.14521.61599.70737.43356.09680.81531.43475.07612.74499.56

562.88

$308.30

569.17

261.72277.48252.76216.94273.89319.10

565.80

595.57693.42725.09614.63495.84503.35612.50762.35383.17692.42538.43474.43610.34507.15

566.77

$313.28

597.01

268.38285.71257.60219.60280.80330.64

588.35

613.26705.87738.00635.63492.32521.25637.75793.10413.54720.42553.64484.52634.28523.21

601.47


2 Publication of data for SIC'S 351, 3511, 363, 3632, 372, and 3724 hasbeen temporarily suspended, as these series are being recalculated toincorporate data inadvertently omitted from the estimates. Data fromMarch 1995 forward are being revised.

3 See table B-15a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) andguided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.

4 Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7million or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.

5 Money payments only; tips, not included.6 Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.- Data not available.p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from

March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 forward are subject torevision.

113


A Note on Average Hourly Earningsin Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missilesand Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics averagehourly earning series for production workers in aircraftmanufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and spacevehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used toescalate labor costs in contracts between aerospacecompanies and their customers. Although the Bureau'sseries by definition take account of traditional wage ratechanges, they do not capture "lump-sum payments toworkers in lieu of general wage increases" which werenegotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargain-ing agreements beginning in late 1983.

Because of special circumstances in the aerospace

industry, BLS has calculated average hourly earningsseries for SIC 3721 and SIC 3761 which include lump-sumpayments. These series, beginning in October 1983, theeffective date of the first aerospace bargaining agreementusing lump-sum payments, were published in the June1988 issue of Employment and Earnings. Current and yearearlier data are presented in table B-15a along with theaverage hourly earnings series produced as part of theCurrent Employment Statistics program. An explanationof the methodology used to derive these series appears inthe Explanatory Notes of this publication.

B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)manufacturing

Series

Average hourly earnings,excluding lump-sum payments

Average hourly earnings,including lump-sum payments

Aircraft (SIC 3721)

May1995

$19.92

19.95

June1995

$20.01

20.03

May1996

$20.30

20.58

June1996P

$20.35

20.64

Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

May1995

$18.42

18.49

June1995

$18.64

18.70

May1996

$19.12

19.13

June1996P

$19.01

19.01

= preliminary.

114


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEARNINGS


B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime,1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls

Industry June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

Manufacturing



$11.71

12.229.639.44

11.5913.6611.4312.4511.1015.7012.199.65

11.0010.3220.188.917.43

13.3711.8314.6817.9610.407.88

$11.80

12.309.729.49

11.6713.7911.5212.5311.2215.8812.289.74

11.1110.2920.128.947.47

13.5711.8714.8718.0010.527.83

$12.08

12.589.839.74

11.9313.8711.7912.7611.5616.0912.5210.01

11.3510.6219.919.157.72

13.7812.1015.2317.7910.658.24

$12.10

12.609.919.74

11.9613.9211.8112.8011.6116.1412.5210.00

11.3710.6420.159.177.76

13.7912.1215.2717.5710.648.24

$12.19

12.72

$11.44

1 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rateof time and one-half.

2 Not available.p = preliminary.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projectedfrom March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmarkdata are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 forward aresubject to revision.

115


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEARNINGSNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on privatenonfarm payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars

Industry


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P


June1995

July1995

May1996

June1996P

July1996P

$406.20

$700.89(2)

$617.30(2)

$527.31(2)

$573.01(2)

$489.09(2)

$234.43(2)

$450.50(2)

$377.33(2)

Total private:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars

Mining:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars

Construction:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars

Manufacturing:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars

Transportation and public utilities:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars

Wholesale trade:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars

Retail trade:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars

Finance, insurance, and real estate:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars

Services:Current dollarsConstant (1982) dollars

$11.347.33

15.239.84

15.039.72

12.327.96

14.119.12

12.347.98

7.654.95

12.197.88

11.227.25

$11.397.36

15.349.92

15.149.79

12.398.01

14.259.21

12.458.05

7.664.95

12.327.96

11.267.28

$11.737.38

15.449.72

15.279.61

12.718.00

14.439.08

12.728.01

7.924.98

12.758.02

11.687.35

$11.757.39

15.579.79

15.339.64

12.768.03

14.449.08

12.858.08

7.955.00

12.768.03

11.677.34

$11.74

$15.61

$15.51

$12.83

$14.47

$12.77

$7.92

$12.69

$11.61

$392.36253.63

685.35443.02

595.19384.74

512.51331.29

558.76361.19

472.62305.51

222.62143.90

433.96280.52

364.65235.71

$396.37256.22

682.63441.26

605.60391.47

505.51326.77

571.43369.38

479.33309.84

227.50147.06

447.22289.09

369.33238.74

$402.34253.20

697.89439.20

592.48372.86

528.74332.75

567.10356.89

485.90305.79

227.30143.05

453.90285.65

$410.08257.91

716.22450.45

607.07381.81

534.64336.25

579.04364.18

498.58313.57

233.73147.00

465.74292.92

376.10 382.78236.69 240.74


2 Not available.p = preliminary.

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners andClerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 forward are subject torevision.

116


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS


B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selectedareas

State and area


June1995

May1996

June1996P


June1995

May1996

June1996P


June1995

May1996

June1996P

AlabamaBirminghamMobile

Alaska

Arizona



ColoradoDenver



District of Columbia:

Washington PMSA

Florida

GeorgiaAtlantaSavannah

Hawaii

Honolulu

Idaho


IndianaBloomingtonElkhart-GoshenEvansville-Henderson


41.641.743.7

40.9

41.7

41.541.541.641.842.0

41.140.941.341.939.142.242.241.041.039.940.639.841.541.739.641.740.741.3

40.942.1

42.842.543.043.540.943.441.243.7

41.039.941.3

39.4

41.3

42.342.647.2

37.539.9

39.3

41.643.241.441.942.043.241.841.041.540.9

42.037.738.943.6

41.241.843.0

45.1

42.8

40.940.142.140.743.0

41.140.940.741.841.142.442.341.540.738.239.440.640.543.439.043.040.541.9

40.440.5

42.742.046.142.541.142.540.443.2

40.440.241.2

39.1

41.2

42.242.449.1

38.338.9

39.2

41.640.640.241.741.741.841.640.543.641.1

42.736.039.741.1

41.842.743.1

39.3

43.0

41.940.842.541.843.6

41.641.141.441.940.442.541.941.541.439.439.941.041.342.139.342.040.642.5

40.940.6

43.041.846.442.641.443.241.143.8

41.141.341.9

39.2

41.5

42.842.948.6

38.940.6

41.3

41.640.140.341.941.842.842.041.244.140.5

42.736.039.641.7

$11.0611.8812.92

12.01

11.07

10.059.609.94

10.5211.49

12.4913.2410.8111.8712.4415.2712.3711.3013.6013.2812.5213.7915.3312.1814.1812.7714.8012.02

12.5212.62

13.6314.0513.2513.8312.9414.1913.3912.76

13.7212.4616.23

13.65

10.13

10.6311.6413.96

12.9313.37

11.35

12.6217.1810.6312.5514.3914.9813.6115.3314.2611.68

13.9010.8311.5512.86

$11.5012.4413.38

11.81

11.50

10.349.83

10.2811.0711.77

12.7113.4111.0911.9012.7515.4912.8811.5213.7213.3812.7013.8415.6912.7814.5112.8414.6012.31

12.7112.71

13.8814.5214.2014.3713.1714.5314.0013.04

14.0712.9016.94

13.79

10.44

11.1011.8914.07

12.7912.95

11.89

12.9616.8210.6812.8914.9015.7714.1015.9015.2011.64

14.2210.7812.1412.79

$11.5312.6013.44

12.12

11.55

10.389.76

10.3111.1911.79

12.7813.5711.0811.9512.8415.5212.9211.5013.8113.3612.8213.9615.8212.9314.5512.9514.4512.16

12.7112.69

13.9714.6214.3714.6613.2514.6413.9713.07

14.0212.8217.05

13.73

10.45

11.1111.9913.96

12.7613.14

11.77

12.9616.9810.7912.9514.9615.8714.1915.9515.1511.79

14.1910.9412.2412.66

$460.10495.40564.60

491.21

461.62

417.08398.40413.50439.74482.58

513.34541.52446.45497.35486.40644.39522.01463.30557.60529.87508.31548.84636.20507.91561.53532.51602.36496.43

512.07531.30

583.36597.13569.75601.61529.25615.85551.67557.61

562.52497.15670.30

537.81

418.37

449.65495.86658.91

484.88533.46

446.06

524.99742.18440.08525.85604.38647.14568.90628.53591.79477.71

583.80408.29449.30560.70

$473.80519.99575.34

532.63

492.20

422.91394.18432.79450.55506.11

522.38548.47451.36497.4;524.03656.78544.8;478.08558.40511.1500.38561.90635.45554.65565.8!552.1;591.30515.79

513.48514.76

592.68

654.62610.73541.29617.53565.60563.33

568.43518.58697.93

539.19

430.13

468.42504.14690.84

489.86503.76

466.09

539.14682.89429.34537.51621.33659.19586.56643.95662.72478.40

607.19388.08481.96525.67

$481.95538.02579.26

476.32

496.65

434.92398.21438.18467.74514.04

531.65557.73458.71500.71518.74659.60541.35477.25571.73526.38511.52572.36653.37544.35571.82543.90586.67516.80

519.84515.21

600.71611.12666.77624.52548.55632.45574.17572.47

576.22529.47714.40

538.22

433.68

475.51514.37678.46

496.36533.48

486.10

539.14680.90434.84542.61625.33679.24595.98657.14668.12477.50

605.91393.84484.70527.92

117


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGSNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selectedareas—Continued

State and area


June1995

May1996

June1996?


June1995

May June1996?


June1995

May1996

June1996P

Indiana-ContinuedFort WayneGaryIndianapolisKokomoLafayetteMuncieSouth BendTerre Haute

IowaCedar RapidsDes MoinesDubuqueSioux City

KansasTopekaWichita

KentuckyLexingtonLouisville

LouisianaBaton RougeNew OrleansShreveport-Bossier City


MarylandBaltimore PMSA

MassachusettsBostonSpringfieldWorcester

MichiganAnn ArborDetroitFlintGrand Rapids-Muskegon-HollandJacksonKalamazoo-Battle CreekLansing-East LansingSaginaw-Bay City-Midland

MinnesotaDuluth-SuperiorMinneapolis-St. PaulSt. Cloud

MississippiJackson


Montana


NevadaLas Vegas



41.539.342.646.942.643.741.444.4

41.838.740.642.339.9

41.338.941.6

41.442.842.4

42.843.743.142.6

39.938.737.9

41.541.7

41.940.941.042.3

44.444.244.948.442.041.243.545.147.0

41.041.141.140.3

40.840.5

41.242.842.540.4

39.9

41.541.341.7

41.841.1

41.642.141.040.4

42.141.143.855.343.444.142.543.0

41.941.741.341.939.4

42.143.143.4

40.840.740.5

44.644.344.742.8

40.138.738.0

41.442.4

41.941.642.242.1

44.645.846.148.241.641.443.845.847.9

41.141.841.541.3

40.841.8

41.643.442.740.3

38.4

41.545.040.1

40.338.9

41.741.041.540.1

42.040.843.654.244.544.241.943.5

41.641.241.043.538.0

42.441.944.4

41.341.541.8

44.644.344.743.0

39.739.837.7

41.241.7

42.342.042.641.8

44.346.145.547.642.141.343.844.148.3

41.446.741.641.1

41.442.0

41.543.642.439.7

39.3

41.444.841.0

40.139.3

41.440.539.940.0

$14.0018.4615.3619.3914.7714.9913.5613.77

12.5616.5913.1113.1110.45

12.4314.4114.22

12.2213.3413.89

13.4116.0513.9213.98

12.3910.0511.12

13.3514.14

12.7413.5812.3212.39

16.2516.5917.4721.6313.6112.3715.2717.9518.50

12.6711.4513.5812.08

10.58

12.0513.9814.3610.17

12.80

11.1212.3911.97

12.9215.06

11.8711.9214.6011.89

$14.5217.7415.7019.5214.6514.2312.2614.06

13.0315.4613.8814.0110.60

12.7614.2014.87

12.6413.9214.04

13.6216.4614.1013.84

12.5610.9311.20

13.5614.26 j

13.0013.8712.5312.70

16.7417.5218.2821.7114.1812.4815.8518.2519.66

13.1310.9214.0211.99

10.1111.40

12.6014.1315.1210.58 |

12.62

11.4813.0812.78

13.7713.96

12.1312.6814.7811.79

$14.4018.0015.5119.9914.5714.2212.6114.37

13.0715.7013.7813.9811.06

12.8914.3514.95

12.7114.0114.26

13.4616.6513.9113.94

12.6210.5911.30

13.5714.31

12.9913.8912.4112.65

16.7617.6418.3321.6114.3012.6315.7017.91 i19.58

13.1210.9714.0311.98

10.1211.36

12.5714.4114.97 I10.74

12.78

11.9113.0012.95

13.5514.04 I

12.1212.8614.7811.73

$581.00725.48654.34909.39629.20655.06561.38611.39

525.01642.03532.27554.55416.96

513.36560.55591.55

505.91570.95588.94

573.95701.39599.95595.55

494.36388.94421.45

554.03589.64

533.81555.42505.12524.10

721.50733.28784.40

1,046.89571.62509.64664.24809.54869.50

519.47470.60558.14486.82

394.94428.49

496.46598.34610.30410.87

510.72

461.48511.71499.15

540.06618.97

493.79501.83598.60480.36

S611.29729.11687.66

1,079.46635.81627.54521.05604.58

545.96644.68573.24587.02417.64

537.20612.02645.36

515.71566.54568.62 j

607.45729.181630.27592.35

503.66422.99425.60

561.38604.62

|544.70576.99528.77534.67

746.60802.42842.71

1,046.42589.89516.67694.23835.85941.71

539.64456.46581.83495.19

412.49476.52!

524.16613.24645.62426.37

484.61

476.42588.60512.48

554.93\543.04

505.821519.88613.37472.78

$604.80734.40676.24

1,083.46648.37628.52528.36625.10

543.71646.84564.98608.13420.28

546.54601.27663.78

524.92581.42596.07

600.32737.60621.78599.42

501.01421.48426.01

559.08596.73

549.48583.38528.67528.77

742.47813.20834.01

1,028.64602.03521.62687.66789.83945.71

543.17512.30583.65492.38

418.97477.12

521.66628.28634.73426.38

502.25

493.07582.40530.95

543.36551.77

501.77520.83589.72469.20

118


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS



State and area


June1995

May1996

June19960


June1995

May1996

June1996P


June1995

May1996

June1996P

New Jersey

New MexicoAlbuquerque

New YorkAlbany-Schenectady-TroyBinghamtonBuffalo-Niagara FallsDutchess CountyElmiraNassau-SuffolkNew York PMSANew York CityNewburghRochesterRockland CountySyracuseUtica-RomeWestchester County


North DakotaFargo-Moorhead


OklahomaOklahoma CityTulsa


PennsylvaniaAllentown-Bethlehem-EastonAltoonaErieHarrisburg-Lebanon-CarlisleJohnstownLancasterPhiladelphia PMSAPittsburghReadingScranton—Wilkes-Barre—HazletonSharonState CollegeWilliamsportYork


40.040.3

41.040.941.543.640.543.139.538.438.040.842.743.043.740.840.9

40.741.340.840.241.6

41.041.5

43.342.741.243.743.842.444.444.444.343.443.543.744.2

42.142.342.0

40.140.441.140.938.4

41.240.140.542.940.240.940.341.042.541.839.941.741.941.241.8

39.840.1

41.040.341.743.738.841.739.439.138.739.843.342.143.540.442.0

40.441.240.540.042.0

43.741.2

43.442.940.842.543.142.045.746.043.143.642.644.643.4

41.840.941.2

40.240.340.840.038.9

41.340.839.643.239.539.540.340.742.241.440.441.742.341.341.1

42.0

40.340.9

41.240.641.743.539.541.839.938.838.539.343.242.444.240.041.3

40.941.440.840.342.0

43.442.1

43.542.241.242.943.542.145.545.142.643.942.646.043.5

42.743.341.8

40.941.342.341.238.1

41.641.339.243.339.940.140.740.942.942.140.642.541.141.141.6

$13.47

10.6410.96

12.4713.9110.1015.9111.1911.4911.5611.2510.9510.6314.2914.2713.3311.2212.58

10.5710.0211.2110.9811.30

10.6210.06

14.4211.8612.8513.7814.2013.2215.9416.2315.8814.9116.6216.2415.89

11.5412.6611.93

12.6412.6912.1012.6810.86

12.7412.4610.5113.0012.239.59

12.5613.9113.9413.3911.3713.6510.8810.6212.68

$13.75

11.1911.45

12.7713.9510.2216.2911.5211.8511.9011.5611.2511.6614.1014.7513.8811.5813.11

10.8610.4311.5711.1211.77

10.9911.15

14.7212.2212.9614.0414.5513.5416.1716.1715.0615.7816.9716.3616.07

11.7612.7312.64

12.9012.8312.1512.8911.71

13.1212.7911.4013.3912.569.86

12.9714.0714.3613.7611.9713.9311.3610.9813.15

$13.87

11.1511.34

12.7913.9710.1316.3811.5011.8311.8311.5411.2311.5514.2614.7913.8011.5913.07

10.8910.4711.6411.1711.76

10.8310.56

14.8012.2513.1014.1914.6413.6916.1616.2715.1615.7316.8916.4416.17

11.7013.1612.39

12.9913.1112.3713.1011.72

13.1612.7211.2813.4212.589.96

12.8514.2214.4413.8811.9413.8611.0611.0013.27

$564.39

425.60441.69

511.27568.92419.15693.68453.20495.22456.62432.00416.10433.70610.18613.61582.52457.78514.52

430.20413.83457.37441.40470.08

435.42417.49

624.39506.42529.42602.19621.96560.53707.74720.61703.48647.09722.97709.69702.34

485.83535.52501.06

506.86512.68497.31518.61417.02

524.89499.65425.66557.70491.65392.23506.17570.31592.45559.70453.66569.21455.87437.54530.02

$572.00

445.36459.15

523.57562.19426.17711.87446.98494.15468.86452.00435.38464.07610.53620.98603.78467.83550.62

438.74429.72468.59444.80494.34

480.26459.38

638.85524.24528.77596.70627.11568.68738.97743.82649.09688.01722.92729.66697.44

491.57520.66520.77

518.58517.05495.72515.60455.52

541.86521.83451.44578.45496.12389.47522.69572.65605.99569.66483.59580.88480.53453.47540.47

$582.54

449.35463.81

526.95567.18422.42712.53454.25494.49472.02447.75432.36453.92616.03627.10609.96463.60539.79

445.40433.46474.91450.15493.92

470.02444.58

643.80516.95539.72608.75636.84576.35735.28733.78645.82690.55719.51756.24703.40

499.59569.83517.90

531.29541.44523.25539.72446.53

547.46525.34442.18581.09501.94399.40523.00581.60619.48584.35484.76589.05454.57452.10552.03

119


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGSNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED


State and area


June1995

May1996

June1996P


June1995

May1996

June1996P


June1995

May1996

June1996P

Rhode Island

Providence-Fall River-Warwick .

South Carolina


TennesseeChattanoogaJohnson City-Kingsport-Bristol..KnoxvilleMemphisNashville

TexasDallasFt. Worth-ArlingtonHoustonSan Antonio

UtahSalt Lake City-Ogden

VermontBurlington

VirginiaBristolCharlottesvilleDanvilleLynchburgNorthern VirginiaRichmond-PetersburgRoanoke

Washington


WisconsinAppleton-Oshkosh-NeenahEau ClaireGreen BayJanesville-BeloitKenoshaLa CrosseMadisonMilwaukee-WaukeshaRacineSheboyganWausau

Wyoming

Puerto Rico

Virgin Islands

41.140.6

41.9

41.039.942.2

40.339.738.938.639.841.3

42.843.642.943.842.6

39.840.7

40.339.5

42.140.441.341.441.941.243.642.0

41.0

41.847.042.543.341.3

41.943.945.443.846.141.040.239.441.439.841.445.0

39.9

39.8

41.5

39.839.8

41.7

41.440.242.0

40.141.939.539.241.240.1

42.843.842.744.240.6

39.940.0

40.043.5

41.742.042.441.839.840.244.240.5

40.7

40.947.141.742.539.6

41.944.446.443.645.839.741.840.341.840.842.842.0

39.5

39.5

41.6

40.941.0

41.9

41.440.241.8

40.842.639.540.641.342.2

43.344.143.444.042.3

40.740.3

40.344.7

42.442.841.840.743.440.144.840.3

41.7

41.348.241.043.141.6

42.143.845.843.345.139.740.540.141.144.343.843.0

40.3

39.6

42.2

$10.5710.58

10.12

9.499.559.93

10.7810.5611.3510.9211.3511.37

11.4211.1012.3313.919.38

11.4511.90

12.2312.07

11.6810.0710.0111.1011.4912.2115.0212.50

13.73

12.5314.0614.1915.3416.00

12.6313.5812.9613.6516.8613.7510.7711.8713.6812.9212.4312.01

12.18

7.33

15.63

$10.9011.02

10.25

9.509.509.92

11.1910.6911.8110.7711.5211.72

11.7611.5212.2313.999.44

12.0312.16

12.3712.50

12.0310.1210.1611.2311.6412.3515.9013.27

14.51

12.8314.3114.2616.0116.34

13.0614.1513.0214.0317.0913.9611.0712.3414.1013.3613.0112.58

12.03

7.57

16.64

$10.9010.95

10.29

9.539.569.92

11.2810.8711.8710.8411.6111.79

11.7611.6212.3713.899.61

12.2112.36

12.4213.02

12.1710.1210.1111.1812.1712.3015.9513.37

14.49

13.0214.3214.3516.1616.30

13.0614.2312.9814.0917.0913.9910.8912.4214.0314.1012.8012.51

11.87

7.66

16.23

$434.43429.55

424.03

389.09381.05419.05

434.43419.23441.52421.51451.73469.58

488.78483.96528.96609.26399.59

455.71484.33

492.87476.77

491.73406.83413.41459.54481.43503.05654.87525.00

562.93

523.75660.82603.08664.22660.80

529.20596.16588.38597.87777.25563.75432.95467.68566.35514.22514.60540.45

485.98

291.73

648.65

$433.82438.60

427.43

393.30381.90416.64

448.72447.91466.50422.18474.62469.97

503.33504.58522.22618.36383.26

480.00486.40

494.80543.75

501.65425.04430.78469.41463.27496.47702.78537.44

590.56

524.75674.00594.64680.43647.06

547.21628.26604.13611.71782.72554.21462.73497.30589.38545.09556.83528.36

475.19

299.02

692.22

$445.81448.95

431.15

394.54384.31414.66

460.22463.06468.87440.10479.49497.54

509.21512.44536.86611.16406.50

496.95498.11

500.53581.99

516.01433.14422.60455.03528.18493.23714.56538.81

604.23

537.73690.22588.35696.50678.08

549.83623.27594.48610.10770.76555.40441.05498.04576.63624.63560.64537.93

478.36

303.34

684.91

1 Not available.p = preliminary.NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this

publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1995benchmarks.

120


HOUSEHOLD DATAREGIONS AND DIVISIONSSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-1. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted1


Census region anddivision

1995


1996

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June July

NORTHEAST


Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployedUnemployment rate

New England



Middle Atlantic



SOUTH



South Atlantic



East South Central



West South Central




39,57025,40023,8661,5356.0

10,2386,9326,5304035.8

29,33218,46817,3361,1326.1

69,49145,77543,2432,532

5.5

35,92023,68922,4561,2335.2

12,2607,8157,3644505.8

21,31114,27213,423

8495.9

39,57825,30723,7691,5396.1

10,2416,9026,5363675.3

29,33718,40517,2331,1726.4

69,58445,72743,1882,539

5.6

35,97023,67022,4601,2105.1

12,2767,8577,3854716.0

21,33814,20113,343

8586.0

39,58725,34523,8111,5346.1

10,2476,9306,5673635.2

29,34018,41517,2441,1716.4

69,67545,87543,2872,588

5.6

36,01723,60322,3751,2285.2

12,2917,9267,4424846.1

21,36714,34613,471

8766.1

39,59725,30123,8661,4355.7

10,2516,9546,6013535.1

29,34618,34717,2661,0825.9

69,76945,85843,2962,562

5.6

36,06723,61722,3681,2485.3

12,3077,9017,4534485.7

21,39514,34113,475

8676.0

39,60325,28623,8251,4625.8

10,2566,991

3224.6

29,34718,29517,1561,1396.2

69,85745,95943,4262,533

5.5

36,11323,60522,3621,2445.3

12,3217,9747,5334425.5

21,42314,37913,531

8485.9

39,60525,24123,7061,5356.1

10,2596,9656,6123545.1

29,34618,27617,0951,1816.5

69,93945,98043,4222,558

5.6

36,15723,60922,3501,2595.3

12,3357,9617,5194435.6

21,44714,40913,554

8565.9

39,63125,22823,7761,4525.8

10,2306,9076,5543535.1

29,40118,32117,2221,0996.0

70,10646,09743,5892,508

5.4

36,26223,64222,4351,2075.1

12,3397,9947,5684265.3

21,50614,46213,586

8766.1

39,60325,17523,7401,4355.7

10,2636,8876,5423455.0

29,34018,28817,1991,0896.0

70,08846,11643,6472,470

5.4

36,23523,67822,5051,1735.0

12,3607,9177,4504685.9

21,49414,52113,692

8295.7

39,60325,48123,8741,6076.3

10,2656,9336,5813535.1

29,33818,54817,2941,2546.8

70,16446,08243,6352,448

5.3

36,27623,70622,5121,1945.0

12,3717,9327,5144195.3

21,51714,44413,609

8355.8

39,60925,61424,1331,4815.8

10,2707,0276,6953334.7

29,34018,58717,4391,1486.2

70,25045,97043,5762,394

5.2

36,32223,76822,6231,1454.8

12,3867,8217,3804405.6

21,54314,38213,573

8095.6

39,61525,82124,2691,5516.0

10,2737,0936,7143805.4

29,34218,72717,5561,1726.3

70,33746,13943,6422,497

5.4

36,36923,99622,7621,2345.1

12,4007,7727,3484245.5

21,56914,37213,532

8405.8

39,62225,61024,2041,4065.5

10,2787,0476,6983484.9

29,34418,56417,5061,0585.7

70,42546,14343,8082,335

5.1

36,41523,97922,8231,1574.8

12,4147,8667,4873784.8

21,59614,29813,498

8005.6

39,62525,66724,2221,4455.6

10,2806,9126,6073054.4

29,34518,75517,6151,1406.1

70,51546,57644,1342,441

5.2

36,46224,14122,9051,2365.1

12,4298,0767,6534235.2

21,62414,35913,577

7825.4

121


HOUSEHOLD DATAREGIONS AND DIVISIONSSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-1. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted1—Continued


Census region anddivision

1995


1996

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June July

MIDWEST



East North Central



West North Central



WEST



Mountain



Pacific



46,55732,26630,759

1,5074.7

32,84622,36821,304

1,0644.8

13,7119,8999,455

4434.5

42,94028,92226,980

1,9426.7

11,5898,0837,661

4225.2

31,35120,83919,319

1,5207.3

46,59732,30430,849

1,4554.5

32,87122,39921,301

1,0984.9

13,7269,9059,548

3573.6

42,99628,91826,992

1,9266.7

11,6218,1087,705

4035.0

31,37520,81019,287

1,5237.3

46,63232,38630,917

1,4684.5

32,89522,35921,285

1,0744.8

13,73710,0269,632

3943.9

43,04928,93927,074

1,8656.4

11,6508,1187,722

39714.9

31,39920,82019,352

1,4687.1

46,67232,51131,035

1,4754.5

32,92122,52221,425

1,0974.9

13,7519,9899,610

3783.8

43,10528,95627,053

1,9036.6

11,6808,1307,742

3884.8

31,42520,82619,312

1,5147.3

46,70432,37330,874

1,4994.6

32,94222,39921,265

1,1355.1

13,7629,9749,609

3653.7

43,15729,07926,9902,089

7.2

11,7098,2167,833

3844.7

31,44820,86319,157

1,7068.2

46,73732,37730,872

1,5054.6

32,96322,34821,214

1,1345.1

13,77410,0299,658

3713.7

43,20328,94527,060

1,8856.5

11,7358,1697,788

3814.7

31,46820,77619,272

1,5047.2

46,60432,18730,687

1,5004.7

32,89622,28621,137

1,1495.2

13,7099,9009,550

3513.5

43,29229,13127,138

1,9936.8

11,7558,2147,781

4325.3

31,53820,91719,356

1,5617.5

46,79032,44631,030

1,4154.4

32,99822,47021,424

1,0464.7

13,7939,9769,607

3693.7

43,29129,13727,164

1,9746.8

11,7908,2517,826

4255.1

31,50220,88719,338

1,5497.4

46,81732,65531,240

1,4154.3

33,01522,61821,618

1,0004.4

13,80210,0379,622

4154.1

43,33829,20127,251

1,9516.7

11,8188,1407,747

3924.8

31,52021,06219,503

1,5587.4

46,85232,73931,290

1,4494.4

33,03922,69321,673

1,0204.5

13,81410,0469,617

4294.3

43,38928,90226,990

1,9136.6

11,8478,1057,726

3784.7

31,54220,79819,263

1,5347.4

46,88732,75331,266

1,4864.5

33,06122,68421,595

1,0894.8

13,82610,0699,671

3973.9

43,44029,16927,253

1,9166.6

11,8758,2227,763

4585.6

31,56520,94719,489

1,4587.0

46,92132,80931,302

1,5074.6

33,08422,71021,610

1,1014.8

13,83710,0999,692

4074.0

43,49129,18227,367

1,8156.2

11,9048,1817,760

4215.1

31,58721,00019,606

1,3946.6

46,95832,90631,338

1,5684.8

33,10722,73021,635

1,0944.8

13,85110,1769,703

4734.7

43,54329,12027,234

1,8866.5

11,9328,1317,680

4515.5

31,61120,98919,554

1,4356.8

' These estimates may differ from the results obtained from summing theofficial State estimates produced and published through the Local AreaUnemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.

2 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the

various census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine,Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic:New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of

Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia,and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, andTennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas;East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; WestNorth Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii,Oregon, and Washington.

122


STATE LABOR FORCE DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted


StateJune July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. i Apr. May Junep

Alabama


Alaska


Arizona


Arkansas


California


Colorado


Connecticut


Delaware


District of Columbia


Florida


See footnotes at end of taWe.

2,065.61,932.8

132.86.4

300.2278.8

21.57.1

2,122.42,012.2

110.25.2

1,220.01,162.6

57.44.7

15,405.514,200.41,205.1

7.8

2,086.81,994.6

92.14.4

1,704.91,611.7

93.35.5

379.5362.7

16.74.4

281.1255.4

25.79.1

6,819.56,444.1

375.35.5

2,068.81,931.9

136.96.6

299.0277.7

21.37.1

2,135.02,025.8

109.25.1

1,223.11,162.7

60.44.9

15,404.214,201.4

1,202.87.8

2,089.31,998.2

91.04.4

1,706.01,612.0

94.15.5

380.8364.8

16.04.2

280.5254.925.79.2

6,821.46,452.7

368.75.4

JL

2,067.11,932.9

134.26.5

300.0278.5

21.57.2

2,141.72,034.2

107.45.0

1,226.91,164.3

62.65.1

15,416.414,216.31,200.1

7.8

2,093.92,003.0

90.94.3

1,706.91,612.3

94.65.5

381.4365.2

16.34.3

279.4254.0

25.49.1

6,831.16,463.7

367.45.4

2,067.71,933.9

133.86.5

301.3279.122.1

7.3

2,146.72,041.5

105.24.9

1,227.01,166.4

60.64.9

15,438.314,234.11,204.2

7.8

2,096.62,006.7

89.94.3

1,707.11,611.7

95.45.6

381.5364.2

17.34.5

280.3254.625.89.2

6,852.76,478.7

374.05.5

2,069.41,935.6

133.96.5

302.2280.0

22.27.4

2,149.32,047.1

102.24.8

1,226.71,167.5

59.24.8

15,451.414,240.31,211.0

7.8

2,104.02,014.3

89.74.3

1,707.61,612.2

95.45.6

381.7364.0

17.74.6

281.5256.0

25.59.0

6,858.36,480.3

378.15.5

2,070.01,938.7

131.36.3

304.3281.3

23.07.6

2,155.82,055.6

100.14.6

1,228.11,169.3

58.84.8

15,465.514,232.31,233.2

8.0

2,117.22,027.9

89.34.2

1,707.01,611.1

95.85.6

382.2363.8

18.34.8

279.9255.0

24.88.9

6,868.56,495.1

373.45.4

2,070.61,939.7

130.96.3

305.4281.4

24.07.8

2,155.52,057.4

98.14.6

1,229.81,171.2

58.64.8

15,461.214,251.51,209.7

7.8

2,120.42,032.6

87.84.1

1,704.71,609.4

95.25.6

381.9363.6

18.34.8

280.2255.324.98.9

6,882.56,509.7

372.85.4

2,082.61,985.4

97.34.7

309.1285.3

23.87.7

2,150.22,046.4

103.84.8

1,238.41,177.0

61.45.0

15,488.514,307.21,181.3

7.6

2,125.72,052.6

73.13.4

1,746.11,653.2

93.05.3

383.5365.3

18.24.7

280.8257.4

23.48.3

6,999.26,604.4

394.95.6

2,071.51,968.6

102.95.0

311.0287.6

23.37.5

2,157.52,051.4

106.14.9

1,236.71,176.4

60.34.9

15,495.814,306.31,189.5

7.7

2,149.92,070.3

79.53.7

1,747.31,657.6

89.75.1

383.8368.0

15.74.1

282.4259.423.0

8.1

6,979.26,586.8

392.45.6

2,062.31,955.0

107.35.2

313.7289.0

24.77.9

2,054.61,941.8

112.85.5

I

2,047.7 . 2,050.21,933.3 | 1,954.7

114.4 95.55.6 4.7

311.8 ! 307.9 310.0289.4 286.9 : 286.7

22.4 i 21.0 23.37.2 ! 6.8 7.5

2,149.3 2,141.62,044.0 2,041.7

105.3 99.94.9 4.7

I!

2,149.5 ' 2,153.52,038.7 | 2,039.2

110.8 i 114.35.2 5.3

1,234.2 1,230.0 1,231.4 \ 1,240.31,173.2 ! 1,173.2 1,174.0 I 1,178.2

61.0 | 56.8 ; 57.3 i 62.14.9 j 4.6 i 4.7 i 5.0

15,440.7 | 15,423.614,309.6 : 14,330.21,131.1 ! 1,093.3

7.3 I 7.1

2,146.1 2,159.7 2,150.02,063.7 2,071.7 2,062.3

82.4 88.0 j 87.63.8 | 4.1 . 4.1

15,503.914,314.11,189.7

7.7

15,435.914,276.31,159.6

7.5

2,161.62,078.1

83.53.9

1,744.21,655.2

89.05.1

383.9366.5

17.44.5 j

I

277.4 I253.0 I

24.3 !8.8 i

1,748.91,662.6

86.34.9

1,742.81,658.8

84.04.8

384.9 '366.9 j

18.1 |4.7 j

380.4362.3

18.14.8

267.0 269.4244.6 245.2

22.4 i 24.28.4 j 9.0

1,739.21,656.5

82.74.8

383.0365.2

17.94.7

262.9241.821.1

8.0

6,970.76,592.6

378.25.4

6,961.26,592.0

369.35.3

I

7,017.5 i 6,950.86,646.5 ! 6,606.3

371.0 j 344.55.3 5.0

123



C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted—Continued


StateJuly Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

1996

Feb. Apr. May

Georgia


Hawaii


Idaho


Illinois


Indiana


Iowa .


Kansas


Kentucky


Louisiana


Maine



3,617.53,438.5

179.04.9

581.4547.4

34.05.9

596.8565.2

31.65.3

6,079.75,769.8

309.95.1

3,139.52,991.3

148.24.7

1,558.41,503.2

55.23.5

1,328.01,268.2

59.84.5

1,871.71,769.7

102.05.4

1,955.11,819.8

135.36.9

643.0604.9

38.15.9

3,622.43,440.5

181.85.0

580.5546.0

34.66.0

597.2564.932.2

5.4

6,085.95,772.1

313.85.2

3,123.92,976.5

147.44.7

1,547.81,495.0

52.83.4

1,329.11,269.5

59.64.5

1,867.61,762.5

105.05.6

1,952.81,820.4

132.46.8

645.6607.8

37.85.9

3,628.63,448.6

180.05.0

580.2545.0

35.16.1

598.1566.232.0

5.3

6,084.05,760.4

323.65.3

3,125.02,980.7

144.24.6

1,550.31,496.2

54.13.5

1,329.31,271.3

58.04.4

1,859.41,756.9

102.55.5

1,954.41,825.2

129.26.6

648.9611.1

37.85.8

3,633.23,452.9

180.25.0

578.8544.1

34.76.0

599.0566.832.2

5.4

3,640.93,461.9

179.04.9

579.3544.7

34.66.0

600.7568.532.2

5.4

|

6,089.45,774.0

315.45.2

6,111.05,794.1

316.95.2

!

3,138.5 | 3,144.12,995.3 I 2,998.3

143.2 I 145.84.6 | 4.6

1,557.71,503.7

54.13.5

1,568.91,514.7

54.23.5

!1,330.3 ! 1,333.01,272.8 j 1,276.3

57.5 | 56.74.3 i 4.3

1,854.6 j 1,855.91,752.3 1,753.8

102.3 j 102.15.5 ! 5.5

1,959.4 j 1,958.01,830.1 ! 1,829.8

129.4 128.26.6 6.5

651.9614.6

37.35.7

652.4616.4

36.15.5

3,646.93,469.9

177.04.9

578.6544.9

33.75.8

604.7570.634.2

5.7

6,108.55,792.2

316.45.2

3,128.92,981.0

147.94.7

1,564.31,508.9

55.43.5

1,334.51,278.5

56.14.2

1,858.31,755.4

102.95.5

1,960.21,832.8

127.46.5

653.8618.4

35.45.4

3,645.33,470.6

174.74.8

579.6545.2

34.45.9

604.7571.832.95.4

6,109.85,786.9

322.95.3

3,120.72,977.5

143.24.6

1,559.61,505.9

53.73.4

1,333.21,278.3

54.94.1

1,856.31,755.5

100.85.4

1,961.91,834.1

127.96.5

654.0619.4

34.55.3

3,722.83,540.6

182.24.9

584.9550.834.0

5.8

610.9580.4

30.65.0

6,141.85,811.4

330.45.4

3,102.52,962.7

139.84.5

1,559.01,506.3

52.73.4

1,357.71,306.4

51.33.8

1,871.71,769.2

102.55.5

1,982.81,851.9

130.96.6

648.9615.9

33.05.1

3,722.23,555.3

166.94.5

585.9551.5

34.45.9

617.2587.230.04.9

6,148.35,832.0

316.35.1

3,131.82,992.5

139.44.5

1,591.71,535.4

56.33.5

1,357.21,307.0

50.23.7

1,853.51,758.6

94.85.1

1,975.91,844.5

131.56.7

651.5618.1

33.35.1

3,728.23,558.7

169.54.5

587.1552.734.4

5.9

616.8585.431.4

5.1

6,150.95,837.8

313.05.1

3,113.92,981.5

132.44.3

1,595.21,541.8

53.43.3

1,354.11,303.3

50.83.8

1,837.81,744.0

93.85.1

1,986.91,863.1

123.86.2

656.1622.7

33.45.1

3,737.93,564.7

173.24.6

588.8554.5

34.35.8

614.4583.8

30.65.0

6,140.65,825.1

315.55.1

3,103.82,973.7

130.24.2

1,610.31,554.6

55.63.5

1,356.91,302.3

54.64.0

1,828.61,733.1

95.65.2

1,986.01,861.4

124.66.3

657.0622.6

34.45.2

3,744.53,570.9

173.64.6

590.5554.9

35.56.0

612.8582.0

30.95.0

6,149.85,828.8

321.05.2

3,092.42,964.7

127.74.1

1,623.61,566.9

56.63.5

<i ,352.31,296.6

55.74.1

1,827.71,734.0

93.85.1

1,982.41,850.3

132.26.7

655.2618.7

36.55.6

3,747.23,583.1

164.24.4

592.7556.0

36.76.2

610.2578.431.8

5.2

6,158.95,832.8

326.15.3

3,096.62,963.6

133.04.3

1,605.61,556.2

49.53.1

1,348.81,296.2

52.53.9

1,830.71,736.4

94.35.2

1,980.01,847.7

132.36.7

657.7622.1

35.75.4

124





State1995

June

2,730.32,587.6

142.75.2

3,165.22,994.4

170.85.4

4,741.04,480.6

260.45.5

2,570.92,474.4

96.43.8

1,254.11,1770

77.26.2

2,839.62,696.3

143.35.0

434.2408.4

25.85.9

895.4871.3

24.12.7

799.7756.243.5

5.4

633.3607.8

25.44.0

July

2,725.32,586.5

138.85.1

3,168.32,997.4

170.95.4

4,737.34,474.0

263.35.6

2,580.92,485.2

95.73.7

1,262.21,182.9

79.36.3

2,850.32,704.9

145.45.1

434.8409.0

25.96.0

897.8873.7

24.02.7

804.5760.743.8

5.4

635.0609.3

25.84.1

Aug.

2,729.82,588.9

140.95.2

3,168.22,998.1

170.15.4

4,722.44,472.8

249.65.3

2,592.52,498.5

94.13.6

1,262.61,182.2

80.56.4

2,850.02,708.9

141.15.0

434.9408.4

26.46.1

903.8880.2

23.72.6

806.8764.042.8

5.3

633.5607.9

25.64.0

Sept.

2,726.92,585.9

141.05.2

3,167.92,998.9

169.05.3

4,719.04,471.6

247.35.2

2,595.42,499.6

95.83.7

1,263.11,181.5

81.66.5

2,850.62,716.4

134.24.7

434.3407.9

26.46.1

901.6877.9

23.72.6

809.1766.742.4

5.2

633.6607.725.9

4.1

Oct.

2,726.82,585.6

141.25.2

3,173.73,004.9

168.85.3

4,731.44,487.7

243.75.2

2,587.42,490.4

97.03.7

1,265.41,187.5

77.86.2

2,846.22,724.5

121.74.3

435.7409.1

26.66.1

904.7880.324.4

2.7

811.7770.041.6

5.1

633.0609.1

23.93.8

Nov.

2,724.12,583.1

141.05.2

3,174.13,006.5

167.65.3

4,735.54,489.8

245.75.2

2,593.32,494.9

98.43.8

1,263.71 185 7

78.06.2

2,849.52,730.3

119.24.2

436.6409.6

27.06.2

903.3879.124.2

2.7

814.6772.442.2

5.2

632.4609.8

22.63.6

Dec.

2,719.22,580.9

138.35.1

3,170.93,004.4

166.55.2

4,746.14,503.5

242.65.1

2,598.92,499.9

99.03.8

1,258.61 182.5

76.26.1

2,855.62,736.9

118.74.2

438.8412.0

26.86.1

903.8879.1

24.72.7

815.5773.941.6

5.1

632.2610.2

22.03.5

Jan.

2,719.82,580.9

138.85.1

3,184.53,022.1

162.45.1

4,821.24,582.8

238.34.9

2,607.22,524.8

82.43.2

1,262.21,1809

81.46.4

2,798.92,701.1

97.73.5

445.8420.1

25.75.8

906.6882.9

23.72.6

827.3784.942.4

5.1

629.4608.7

20.73.3

Feb.

2,728.32,597.9

130.54.8

3,187.73,028.8

158.95.0

4,834.24,600.9

233.24.8

2,591.82,510.8

80.93.1

1,260.61,181 4

79.26.3

2,816.92,714.4

102.53.6

448.6423.2

25.35.6

905.6879.7

25.92.9

834.0792.041.9

5.0

631.0608.5

22.53.6

1996

Mar.

2,720.32,586.7

133.64.9

3,182.33,028.8

153.54.8

4,833.24,610.9

222.34.6

2,601.32,511.3

90.03.5

1,259.01 184 3

74.75.9

2,831.92,720.8

111.13.9

445.9422.6

23.35.2

900.3876.1

24.22.7

835.3796.139.24.7

631.4608.4

23.03.6

Apr.

2,710.92,575.5

135.55.0

3,186.23,028.5

157.74.9

4,807.74,585.5

222.34.6

2,624.42,527.9

96.53.7

1,274.81 194 5

80.46.3

2,833.52,711.5

122.04.3

446.6421.0

25.65.7

903.5877.7

25.82.9

835.1793.341.8

5.0

629.5607.1

22.43.6

\ May

2,744.52,607.4

137.05.0

3,189.33,033.8

155.54.9

4,812.74,587.3

225.44.7

2,620.12,529.4

90.73.5

1,273.51 193 0

80.56.3

2,850.42,728.3

122.14.3

447.6422.7

24.95.6

903.5876.5

27.03.0

838.7793.345.4

5.4

628.2603.3

24.94.0

Junep

I

2.763.62,632.8

130.84.7

3,187.13,035.6

151.54.8

4,848.84,628.9

220.04.5

2,614.82,519.9

94.93.6

1,251.21 180 1

71.05.7

2,854.52,736.2

118.34.1

449.4425.6

23.85.3

904.1877.1

26.93.0

839.1799.639.5

4.7

625.9600.2

25.74.1

Maryland

Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployedUnemployment rate .

Massachusetts

Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployedUnemployment rate ....

Michigan


Minnesota


Mississippi


Missouri


Montana


Nebraska

Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployedUnemployment rate ...

Nevada


New Hampshire



125





State

New Jersey


New Mexico


New York


North Carolina


North Dakota


Ohio

Civ i l i an l a b o r f o r c e . . . .E m p l o y e dU n e m p l o y e dU n e m p l o y m e n t r a t e

Oklahoma


Oregon


Pennsylvania


Rhode Island


1995

June

4,063.63,801.5

262.165

786.2736.949.2

6.3

8,484.97,949.7

535.263

3,633.63,475.9

157.74.3

333.5323.0

10.53.2

5,582.85,318.7

264.14.7

1,549.21,475.4

73.84.8

1,650.61,569.6

81.04.9

5,839.05,496.1

342.95.9

484.6449.9

34.77.2

July

4,067.23,805.7

261.56.4

784.3734.549.8

6.3

8,481.47,946.1

535.463

3,638.23,477.9

160.34.4

332.3322.7

9.72.9

5,586.75,315.3

271.44.9

1,550.01,477.1

72 94.7

1,650.81,570.9

79.94.8

5,840.75,497.9

342.85.9

482.3447.6

34.77.2

Aug.

4,071.83,809.1

262.765

787.5737.550.064

8,483.07,936.9

546.164

3,634.13,473.8

160.34.4

333.7323.3

10.43.1

5,606.65,325.2

281.45.0

1,548.21,476.2

72.04.6

1,650.41,569.4

81.04.9

5,840.05,496.6

343.45.9

483.8449.4

34.47.1

Sept.

4,074.13,811.8

262.264

789.1738.9

50.26.4

8,482.67,937.9

544.664

3,645.13,483.1

162.04.4

333.9323.1

10.83.2

5,608.55,331.9

276.64.9

1,546.91,475.6

71 34.6

1,649.01,567.3

81.85.0

5,838.35,493.0

345.35.9

483.6449.4

34.27.1

Oct.

4,079.43,816.8

262.66.4

792.4741.4

51.06.4

8,475.47,939.1

536.36.3

3,649.93,490.4

159.54.4

334.1323.7

10.43.1

5,613.55,337.8

275.74.9

1,547.21,477.0

70.24.5

1,650.91,567.8

83.15.0

5,842.75,499.6

343.15.9

483.2449.8

33.46.9

Nov.

4,082.63,817.2

265.36.5

795.9744.2

51.66.5

8,475.57,942.1

533.46.3

3,653.63,490.8

162.84.5

335.2324.6

10.63.2

5,639.85,348.2

291.65.2

1,549.11,479.9

69.24.5

1,653.41,570.3

83.15.0

5,852.45,498.4

354.06.0

482.8449.8

33.06.8

Dec.

4,080.43,816.7

263.86.5

798.3746.6

51.76.5

8,477.47,942.9

534.56.3

3,662.13,494.2

167.94.6

335.0324.5

10.53.1

5,638.35,354.5

283.85.0

1,548.41,481.2

67.24.3

1,656.01,575.1

80.94.9

5,843.05,495.0

348.06.0

483.1449.8

33.36.9

1996

Jan.

4,063.13,802.4

260.764

812.2759.8

52.46.5

8,542.78,013.3

529.56.2

3,691.43,507.2

184.25.0

343.2332.6

10.63.1

5,727.55,425.3

302.25.3

1,561.91,488.6

73.34.7

1,682.61,600.4

82.24.9

5,844.05,482.6

361.36.2

489.2458.3

30.96.3

Feb.

4,072.13,810.7

261.46.4

812.7759.2

53.56.6

8,530.68,022.2

508.56.0

3,706.73,542.9

163.84.4

345.0334.7

10.33.0

5,716.95,431.1

285.85.0

1,560.71,486.6

74.14.7

1,706.51,622.9

83.64.9

5,844.25,520.1

324.15.5

487.8458.9

28.85.9

Mar.

4,075.33,813.0

262.36.4

811.0756.954.16.7

8,580.28,023.7

556.56.5

3,713.03,550.2

162.94.4

343.8333.8

10.02.9

5,715.55,426.2

289.35.1

1,559.11,489.5

69.64.5

1,736.41,648.1

88.35.1

5,870.85,540.6

330.25.6

488.2463.2

25.05.1

Apr.

4,085.63,815.3

270.366

810.0755.4

54.66.7

8,577.78,030.7

547.06.4

3,717.83,553.2

164.64.4

341.2330.0

11.13.3

5,697.65,437.8

259.84.6

1,562.21,492.2

70.14.5

1,733.01,640.3

92.75.3

5,870.55,536.6

333.95.7

488.3463.1

25.15.1

May

4,075.73,826.1

249.66 1

810.4755.355.26.8

8,591.68,045.0

546.76.4

3,717.53,557.9

''59.64.3

341.7331.1

10.63.1

5,717.55,437.1

280.34.9

1,575.01,506.6

68.44.3

1,746.41,656.0

90.55.2

5,889.85,544.2

345.65.9

467.8465.2

22.64.6

Junep

4,080.73,830.3

250.46.1

816.2759.1

57.17.0

8,573.08,031.8

541.26.3

3,703.13,547.7

155.34.2

341.8331.2

10.63.1

5,726.75,445.7

281.04.9

1,591.51,524.4

67.14.2

1,726.91,639.6

87.35.1

5,896.35,594.5

301.85.1

490.8467.5

23.34.7


126





StateJune July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.

HMay

"T"

1,866.0 1,861.3 | 1,865.01,762.9 1,761.3 j 1,752.9

103.2 j 100.0 112.15.5 | 5.4 6.0

389.5 | 389.7 388.6376.9 j 378.8 377.9

12.5 | 10.9 j 10.73.2 j 2.8 j 2.8

| jI ii I

2,750.8 I 2,744.6 j 2,746.82,617.3 | 2,614.3 2,618.7

133.5 | 130.3 128.14.9 I 4.7 j 4.7

South Carolina


South Dakota


Tennessee


Texas


Utah


Vermont


Virginia


Washington

1,858.31,766.3

92.05.0

382.0371.2

10.72.8

2,707.02,565.7

141.35.2

9,566.78,982.5

584.26.1

968.9932.935.9

3.7

318.7305.2

13.44.2

3,495.53,338.1

157.44.5

Civilian labor force 2,815.8Employed I 2,634.7Unemployed j 181.2Unemployment rate 6.4

West Virginia


Wisconsin


Wyoming


790.6728.5

62.17.9

2,846.82,746.2

100.73.5

256.4244.0

12.44.8

1,862.11,767.0

95.15.1

382.6371.5

11.22.9

2,717.92,566.6

151.35.6

9,562.48,979.9

582.56.1

968.5933.5

34.93.6

319.0305.3

13.74.3

3,496.23,339.4

156.94.5

2,815.22,634.6

180.66.4

790.4726.7

63.78.1

2,847.72,747.9

99.83.5

255.7243.8

11.94.7

1,867.11,773.2

93.95.0

382.8371.7

11.12.9

2,712.32,566.6

145.85.4

9,586.39,001.9

584.46.1

970.1935.234.9

3.6

319.5305.7

13.84.3

3,504.93,344.8

160.14.6

2,821.92,637.6

184.36.5

792.8729.463.4

8.0

2,850.82,750.5

100.33.5

256.0244.1

12.04.7

1,874.31,778.4

95.85.1

383.3372.2

11.12.9

2,722.72,575.1

147.65.4

9,605.99,022.0

583.96.1

970.8936.734.2

3.5

320.3306.5

13.74.3

3,506.93,347.8

159.14.5

2,818.92,638.5

180.36.4

793.0729.563.5

8.0

2,852.22,747.8

104.53.7

256.5244.3

12.24.7

1,874.71,777.2

97.55.2

383.9372.9

11.12.9

2,728.82,578.5

150.35.5

9,632.79,042.8

589.96.1

972.0938.433.6

3.5

321.3307.7

13.74.3

3,513.43,353.4

160.04.6

2,823.72,643.4

180.36.4

794.1731.562.6

7.9

2,856.12,749.3

106.83.7

256.6244.6

12.04.7

1,872.31,773.6

98.75.3

384.7373.4

11.32.9

2,732.72,581.4

151.45.5

9,662.59,063.1

599.36.2

973.8940.9

32.93.4

322.5308.2

14.34.4

3,520.03,360.7

159.24.5

2,827.82,645.5

182.36.4

796.3731.465.0

8.2

2,858.82,750.8

108.03.8

256.6244.7

11.94.6

1,874.61,775.5

99.15.3

385.2373.9

11.32.9

2,738.32,585.5

152.85.6

9,668.39,079.6

588.86.1

975.0944.4

30.63.1

322.2308.7

13.54.2

3,517.03,362.6

154.44.4

2,823.72,647.1

176.66.3

792.8732.060.8

7.7

2,858.32,752.1

106.23.7

256.5245.2

11.24.4

1,864.61,763.3

101.25.4

387.1376.2

10.92.8

2,753.72,600.7

153.05.6

9,702.49,106.5

596.06.1

1,006.4975.3

31.13.1

325.3311.7

13.74.2

3,489.43,334.2

155.24.4

2,828.42,661.2

167.25.9

805.3737.567.8

8.4

2,873.22,761.1

112.13.9

256.1245.3

10.84.2

1,850.01,763.3

86.74.7

388.5377.3

11.22.9

2,748.22,599.3

148.85.4

9,727.09,145.2

581.86.0

1,008.0975.9

32.03.2

324.8311.6

13.24.1

3,478.83,337.1

141.74.1

2,825.12,656.7

168.46.0

802.9743.359.6

7.4

2,898.02,784.4

113.63.9

256.2245.6

10.64.1

1,849.71,759.8

89.84.9

389.6377.9

11.73.0

2,770.02,630.1

139.95.0

9,716.39,130.3

586.06.0

9,714.29,125.0

589.26.1

9,698.89,126.7

572.15.9

9,690.59,120.6

569.95.9

1,005.3973.2

32.13.2 !

326.0313.1

12.93.9

3,467.23,329.8

137.44.0

2,845.82,671.0

174.86.1

805.3740.964.48.0

2,919.32,812.3

106.93.7

257.3245.3

12.04.7

1,009.4978.4

31.13.1

323.5310.7

12.73.9

3,474.63,325.6

149.04.3

1,014.9 ! 1,014.1981.4 | 979.5

33.5 j3.3 I

i

34.73.4

323.7310.9

12.84.0

322.0308.9

13.14.1

3,485.3 3,477.83,337.2 ! 3,324.8

148.1 153.04.3 4.4

2,842.4 i 2,865.6 2,886.82,663.1 i 2,686.9 | 2,712.8

179.2 | 178.7 174.06.3 | 6.2 6.0

804.2 809.1742.5 751.261.7 ! 57.9

7.7 I 7.2

2,914.32,808.7

105.63.6

259.5246.4

13.05.0

805.9746.959.0

7.3

2,908.1 2,908.12,804.0 2,808.5

104.1 99.63.6 3.4

260.1248.3

11.84.5

257.9247.0

10.94.2

p = preliminary.NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be

revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.

127


STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATANOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas


State and area

Unemployed

June i May i1995 j 1996 '

| 2,150.3j 1,370.1

370.9

2,149.7 i1,383.4

373.3

1,242.9 !137.3 !96.5

299.6 i37.6 !

1,237.1 i138.0 I94.6 |

298.8 j36.7 i

1,263.4141.497.0 |

305.2 |37.5

15,452.8277.7 !428.3

4,381.3199.3

1.131.5 !1,323.21.287.6 ;

715.0175.5

1,232.9886.2862.1195.1 !225.4 |245.1233.3 !379.6

15,470.8278.9417.0

4,346.2197.7

1,138.51,340.31,303.7

725.7177.8

1,231.0887.0884.7193.4226.7 !243.9233.1 '382.5

2,105.2162.7 !236.1 |

1,060.6 I

2,167.9167.7 !251.3 !

1,095.7 I

1,738.9223.0107.8600.2272.0 i154.2192.2119.5

6,893.7189.2722.5168.299.6

510.8201.0203.3

1,036.9764.7169.6227.7142.8

1,097.5 !451.9 i

6,998.9188.9743.4175.6102.2516.2197.6199.6

1,050.0766.6172.3237.8146.6

1,120.5458.8

June

AlabamaBirmingham ..HuntsvilleMobileMontgomery ...Tuscaloosa

AlaskaAnchorage

ArizonaPhoenix-MesaTucson .


California .BakersfieldFresnoLos Angeles-Long Beach ..ModestoOaklandOrange CountyRiverside-San Bernardino..SacramentoSalinasSan Diego ..San FranciscoSan JoseSanta Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc .Santa RosaStockton-Lodi ....Vallejo-Fairfield-NapaVentura


ConnecticutBridgeportDanburyHartfordNew Haven-MeridenNew London-NorwichStamford-NewarkWaterbury

DelawareDover ..Wilmington-Newark

District of Columbia .Washington

FloridaDaytona BeachFort LauderdaleFort Myers-Cape CoralGainesvilleJacksonville..Lakeland-Winter HavenMelbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay ..Miami ..OrlandoPensacolaSarasota-BradentonTallahasseeTampa-St. Petersburg-ClearwaterWest Palm Beach-Boca Raton

5.63.53.75.74.54.2

7.25.2

5.73.93.8

5.12.85.53.67.4

7.212.512.68.2

15.05.14.37.96.18.15.44.33.75.04.6

11.57.16.5

4.54.15.24.2

5.06.03.55.45.24.63.35.4

4.75.05.3

9.14.2

5.34.15.33.82.93.87.35.57.53.94.03.43.33.97.2


128



C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued


State and area


June1995

3,645.754.068.6

1,887.3205.1114.0143.1127.5

585.8424.6

610.3197.9

6,173.479.790.6

4,089.0184.361.853.0

182.1196.4108.0

3,188.758.599.4

161.6272.6310.4838.9

54.984.165.0

142.276.7

1,578.3107.1252.3

50.064.165.166.4

1,357.748.190.6

266.0

1,912.1245.6544.7

50.3

2,010.960.4

285.682.8

165.985.968.9

621.8183.8

657.951.4

125.2

May1996

3,729.955.371.8

1,944.9199.5117.2145.1129.4

589.9429.5

615.3206.3

6,138.280.193.2

4,072.3181.559.452.0

182.0195.0106.2

3,113.158.597.9

155.0264.5303.4815.9

55.487.166.0

133.976.3

1,614.3109.0257.0

50.667.366.469.1

1,350.451.289.0

265.8

1,840.2240.5525.548.3

1,980.359.2

285.383.9

166.087.569.0

607.6180.8

655.050.2

126.4

June1996?

3,777.755.772.2

1,970.4202.5118.6144.8129.9

596.9433.3

623.7207.8

6,256.679.091.3

4,155.7185.661.053.0

184.6199.0108.6

3,145.259.599.1

157.4267.3309.2825.9

55.784.862.7

135.375.1

1,626.2110.1257.9

50.867.067.067.9

1,378.649.691.6

270.6

1,870.8242.8535.249.0

2,035.661.0

295.386.4

169.488.571.1

620.8186.5

673.250.9

128.1

Unemployed

Number

June1995

202.24.02.5

93.115.87.28.17.7

37.721.0

28.27.3

325.52.42.8

208.98.15.23.58.28.44.8

147.62.13.98.4

10.618.732.92.22.63.35.94.7

55.53.36.81.52.12.13.1

65.03.14.0

13.4

107.07.8

23.83.2

158.24.7

20.84.9

12.06.44.5

46.214.7

36.83.04.5

May1996

159.03.22.1

67.912.15.47.25.7

35.521.5

29.37.2

315.22.62.9

199.67.44.52.9

11.48.34.5

126.71.83.37.49.5

15.727.3

2.02.62.95.05.1

50.02.76.92.71.62.02.5

51.22.13.59.9

, 91.45.9

21.12.5

120.63.6

14.63.79.25.13.9

36.211.3

35.03.23.9

June1996P

187.43.62.3

79.215.06.47.56.8

40.424.2

28.57.5

342.12.73.0

214.17.75.33.2

12.39.25.1

132.31.83.68.09.8

16.528.4

2.02.93.15.54.9

49.72.85.42.81.82.22.8

57.82.73.9

10.8

99.26.7

22.72.8

155.04.6

19.84.3

11.56.35.1

45.714.8

34.43.23.9


June1995

5.57.43.64.97.76.35.66.0

6.44.9

4.63.7

5.33.13.15.14.48.46.64.54.34.5

4.63.63.95.23.96.03.94.13.15.14.26.1

3.53.02.72.93.23.24.7

4.86.54.45.0

5.63.24.46.4

7.97.97.35.97.27.56.67.48.0

5.65.93.6

May1996

4.35.72.93.56.14.65.04.4

6.05.0

4.83.5

5.13.33.14.94.17.65.66.34.24.3

4.13.13.44.83.65.23.33.63.04.43.76.7

3.12.52.75.32.43.03.7

3.84.23.93.7

5.02.54.05.2

6.16.15.14.55.55.85.66.06.3

5.36.53.1

June1996?

5.06.53.24.07.45.45.25.2

6.85.6

4.63.6

5.53.43.35.24.28.76.06.64.64.7

4.23.13.75.13.75.33.43.63.55.04.16.6

3.12.52.15.52.73.24.1

4.25.44.24.0

5.32.84.25.7

7.67.66.75.06.87.17.27.47.9

5.16.23.1

GeorgiaAlbanyAthensAtlantaAugusta-Aiken .ColumbusMaconSavannah

HawaiiHonolulu .

IdahoBoise City ...

IllinoisBloomington-NormalChampaign-UrbanaChicagoDavenport-Moline-Rock Island .DecaturKankakeePeoria-PekinRockfordSpringfield

IndianaBloomingtonElkhart-GoshenEvansville-Henderson .Fort WayneGaryIndianapolisKokomoLafayetteMuncieSouth BendTerre Haute

IowaCedar RapidsDes MoinesDubuqueIowa CitySioux CityWaterloo-Cedar Falls .



LouisianaAlexandriaBaton RougeHoumaLafayetteLake CharlesMonroeNew OrleansShreveport-Bossier City .

MaineLewiston-Auburn .Portland


129





State and area

MarylandBaltimore

MassachusettsBarnstable-Yarmouth ....BostonBrocktonFitchburg-Leominster ....LawrenceLowellNew BedfordPittsfieldSpringfieldWorcester

MichiganAnn ArborBenton HarborDetroitFlintGrand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland .JacksonKalamazoo-Battle-CreekLansing-East LansingSaginaw-Bay City-Midland

MinnesotaDuluth-SuperiorMinneapolis-St.Paul .RochesterSt. Cloud

Mississippi.Jackson ...

MissouriKansas CitySt. Louis LMA .Springfield

Montana ...

Nebraska.Lincoln ..Omaha ..

NevadaLas Vegas ...Reno

New HampshireManchesterNashuaPortsmouth-Rochester .

New JerseyAtlantic-Cape MayBergen-PassaicJersey CityMiddlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .Monmouth-OceanNewarkTrentonVineland-Millville-Bridgeton



June1995

2,762.31,291.6

3,211.576.7

1,765.5129.070.0

193.2154.583.741.4

282.1245.2

4,811.7274.5

83.22,147.5

207.5548.0

74.3223.5230.9195.9

2,597.9122.4

1,597.263.790.1

1,277.4219.0

2,879.1936.6

1,349.3162.8

441.5

908.0136.5371.0

806.0597.1164.4

637.399.097.1

121.3

4,121.9179.4668.7285.9603.9521.5

1,013.3171.365.7

796.7342.3

63.474.5

May1996

2,727.21,279.8

3,166.370.8

1,744.1127.769.8

194.3152.483.240.1

280.7244.4

4,843.4274.1

83.32,181.6

202.9555.0

74.5221.7237.0194.5

2,610.7121.0

1,607.564.093.5

1,270.9218.1

2,848.9936.0

1,333.4163.1

447.0

906.9137.7370.6

832.0623.0166.5

622.696.193.7

117.5

4,072.2171.0659.4284.4603.8511.1

1,000.0169.965.4

808.9351.566.173.8

June1996P

2,795.61,309.2

3,232.477.7

1,773.2129.471.1

197.6154.584.741.5

283.1247.7

4,915.1276.1

84.02,221.9

205.9562.6

75.4223.9233.5197.5

2,641.5122.8

1,620.865.492.4

1,274.3220.5

2,894.2958.7

1,351.3164.5

456.6

916.5137.4376.1

845.5633.8168.1

629.895.894.5

118.4

4,138.7180.6668.6287.2610.5530.0

1,013.2170.466.2

826.6358.166.375.2

June1995

155.479.8

176.93.5

86.38.44.5

12.69.47.72.7

17.112.7

280.110.54.9

119.615.726.1

4.710.79.5

12.7

105.77.7

52.72.13.8

97.010.5

151.244.373.06.3

25.7

26.73.5

11.5

48.536.7

8.6

25.04.14.54.0

270.014.946.428.430.529.265.9

9.76.2

58.417.36.43.3

Number

May1996

132.270.0

141.73.3

68.16.93.7

10.76.46.82.3

12.410.4

210.26.74.5

88.111.020.63.78.97.18.6

76.76.0

37.11.53.1

80.78.1

113.734.055.5

5.0

22.7

25.73.6

10.3

42.231.6

7.6

23.13.23.43.6

245.914.341.726.827.126.961.2

9.06.0

53.814.75.93.3

Unemployed

June1996p

143.576.7

157.43.3

76.08.34.3

12.37.37.12.5

13.811.6

239.97.75.1

101.013.125.34.2

10.28.69.8

104.27.0

50.92.24.5

90.89.8

126.237.962.2

5.5

23.7

29.64.0

11.9

44.635.0

7.4

25.33.54.04.0

258.114.243.528.128.428.464.1

9.46.1

66.319.56.53.7

June1995

i5 ,6.2

5.54.64.96.56.46.56.19.26.66.15.2

5.83.85.95.67.64.86.34.84.16.5

4.16.33.33.24.2

7.64.8

5.34.75.43.9

5.8

2.92.63.1

6.06.15.2

3.94.14.63.3

6.68.36.99.95.05.66.55.69.5

7.35.1

10.04.4

_ . .. .


May1996

4.85.5

4.54.63.95.45.35.54.28.15.84.44.3

4.32.55.54.05.43.75.04.03.04.4

2.95.02.32.43.3

6.43.7

4.03.64.23.0

5.1

2.82.62.8

5.15.14.6

3.73.33.73.1

6.08.46.39.44.55.36.15.39.2

6.74.29.04.4

,_. .

June1996P

5.15.9

4.94.24.36.56.16.24.78.46.04.94.7

4.92.86.14.56.44.55.64.53.74.9

3.95.73.13.34.8

7.14.5

4.44.04.63.3

5.2

3.22.93.2

5.35.54.4

4.03.74.23.4

6.27.96.59.84.75.46.35.59.2

8.05.59.95.0


130





State and area


June1995

8,570.7453.8124.1574.8115.943.565.6

1,381.33,797.83,163.9

171.6571.7365.8146.1

3,693.6105.1714.2620.6557.6

346.351.493.766.6

5,649.7352.9199.4821.8

1,105.5790.6474.1164.776.485.358.2

314.2288.2

1,559.527.441.2

507.5383.6

1,687.1157.582.7

968.2163.9

5,906.6305.262.8

141.1339.0108.2235.0

2,434.61,159.0

179.7314.4

55.260.957.6

193.1

485.1561.0

May1996

8,520.6449.3121.2568.7116.343.262.5

1,364.43,802.33,181.2

167.3568.4361.8143.4

3,708.3105.9719.6616.7560.9

343.750.795.768.1

5,722.0362.0202.8821.4

1,116.5802.5478.2170.777.285.159.0

315.4290.8

1,574.327.342.2

517.1387.1

1,741.3162.686.3

1,011.0165.4

5,864.7306.162.0

140.1341.2107.6233.4

2,420.61,140.1

179.4314.1

55.463.056.7

191.9

482.4558.4

June1996P

8,657.9455.6122.3578.2118.544.266.4

1,401.93,841.33,201.3

172.1579.2367.4146.1

3,765.1107.3728.9623.9568.1

354.552.497.268.3

5,793.7357.9204.8832.7

1,133.2811.7484.6169.678.586.860.0

317.7293.5

1,602.828.142.6

528.2397.2

1,763.6161.586.4

1,022.8171.4

5,964.2311.763.5

141.2348.9109.5239.5

2,454.71,162.3

183.4317.4

55.861.857.8

194.8

491.4566.7

Unemployed

June1995

526.621.66.5

30.25.72.13.5

69.5281.4252.5

8.724.619.87.5

173.84.0

25.922.216.3

11.81.92.62.4

271.516.29.9

37.353.825.819.87.04.25.63.6

16.317.7

74.41.02.3

19.015.8

85.08.16.1

38.27.8

349.617.43.89.4

13.28.88.7

146.869.3

9.223.42.82.04.18.6

32.540.1

Number

May1996

523.421.4

5.628.9

5.22.03.8

58.3293.8268.1

7.523.818.67.4

157.53.5

25.319.412.7

9.11.22.01.7

263.115.711.233.453.624.219.76.84.35.03.6

13.516.4

70.71.12.2

17.714.7

84.57.75.9

39.57.9

348.018.74.09.5

12.88.98.6

139.563.5

8.923.7

2.92.04.0

10.3

20.427.6

June1996P

532.121.0

5.730.3

5.12.03.5

62.0299.7271.5

8.023.518.17.7

171.23.5

29.321.713.7

11.81.52.42.3

288.116.311.737.857.926.222.4

7.34.85.73.9

15.317.3

67.81.02.0

17.314.4

91.48.16.5

43.18.5

308.416.13.68.0

12.08.27.6

129.357.5

7.621.02.41.73.59.1

21.129.0

June1995

6.14.85.35.34.94.85.45.07.48.05.14.35.45.2

4.73.83.63.62.9

3.43.62.83.6

4.84.64.94.54.93.34.24.25.56.56.25.26.1

4.83.75.63.84.1

5.05.27.34.04.8

5.95.76.06.73.98.23.76.06.05.17.45.13.37.14.5

6.77.1


May1996

6.14.84.65.14.54.66.14.37.78.44.54.25.15.2

4.23.33.53.12.3

2.72.52.02.5

4.64.35.54.14.83.04.14.05.55.96.04.35.7

4.53.95.23.43.8

4.94.76.83.94.8

5.96.16.56.73.78.33.75.85.65.07.55.13.17.15.4

4.24.9

June1996p

6.14.64.65.24.34.65.34.47.88.54.64.04.95.2

4.53.34.03.52.4

3.32.92.53.4

5.04.65.74.55.13.24.64.36.16.66.54.85.9

4.23.74.63.33.6

5.25.07.54.25.0

5.25.25.75.73.57.53.25.34.94.16.64.42.86.14.7

4.35.1

New YorkAlbany-Schenectady-TroyBinghamtonBuffalo-Niagara FallsDutchess CountyElmiraGlens FallsNassau-SuffolkNew York

New York CityNewburghRochesterSyracuseUtica-Rome

North CarolinaAshevilleCharlotte-Gastonia-Rock HillGreensboro-Winston-Salem-High PointRaleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill





PennsylvaniaAllentown-Bethlehem-EastonAltoonaErieHarrisburg-Lebanon-CarlisleJohnstownLancasterPhiladelphiaPittsburghReadingScranton-Wilkes-Barre-HazeltonSharonState CollegeWilliamsportYork



131





State and area

South CarolinaCharleston-North CharlestonColumbiaGreenville-Spartanburg-Anderson .

South Dakota .Rapid CitySioux Falls ...


TexasAbileneAmarilloAustin-San MarcosBeaumont-Port ArthurBrazoriaBrownsville-Harlingen-San Benito .Bryan-College StationCorpus ChristiDallasEl PasoFort Worth-ArlingtonGalveston-Texas CityHoustonKilleen-TempleLaredoLongview-MarshallLubbockMcAllen-Edinburg-MissionOdessa-MidlandSan AngeloSan AntonioSherman-DenisonTexarkanaTylerVictoriaWacoWichita Falls

UtahProvo-OremSalt Lake City-Odgen .

VermontBurlington .

VirginiaCharlottesvilleDanvilleLynchburgNorfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .Richmond-PetersburgRoanoke

WashingtonSpokaneTacomaSeattle-Bellevue-Everett .


Unemployed

June1995

1,893.4250.4261.2477.3

392.545.191.2

2,741.4221.0230.8347.8530.2615.2

9,713.459.6

111.9611.0187.4107.0126.067.1

181.01,733.6

289.5832.1129.7

2,014.6111.873.0

104.2121.4188.2122.250.3

729.548.157.785.642.6

100.565.8

981.8140.2632.7

321.895.1

3,549.873.261.1

107.9746.1513.2132.7

2,831.9198.1310.7

1,224.6

May1996

1,868.0245.1262.1477.0

392.244.492.7

2,721.2219.0227.5338.2528.4618.0

9,640.658.9

112.5628.1181.3104.3125.769.3

174.51,723.9

283.0829.7126.1

1,985.5114.267.0

101.4121.3191.5119.949.8

731.248.057.084.541.599.865.9

1,004.9145.8648.0

322.796.4

3,503.872.159.2

106.9727.6510.6130.7

2,864.0201.7317.1

1,268.0

June1996P

1,900.2249.6264.5484.8

399.245.793.3

2,781.5223.6230.6346.6540.1630.1

9,834.759.0

114.4636.2185.0106.4128.265.4

180.21,761.7

291.9844.9130.2

2,028.9116.168.5

103.5124.3192.5122.849.7

743.548.657.986.741.8

101.766.7

1,027.4148.6661.4

325.296.5

3,532.773.959.6

107.0734.8513.0132.0

2,903.2200.8316.7

1,265.6

Number

June1995

May1996

97.513.38.9

16.1

11.11.31.6

160.812.112.915.531.223.9

665.73.75.2 i

19.9 |21.3

9.118.52.4

19.693.032.744.811.3

133.15.9

13.59.66.4

37.48.62.3

38.42.65.15.03.05.63.5

39.5 i4.9 |

23.4 I

13.0 |2.8 |

i172.6 j

2.0 |6.0 |4.3 |

40.2 i21.4 |

4.0 |

June1996P

172.99.9 i

19.3 j65.4 !

94.811.98.8

17.2

9.81.21.6

121.78.99.7

12.521.117.4

541.33.14.2

18.316.87.0

16.01.8

14.070.733.033.510.1

106.15.38.7 |7.8 I4.8 |

32.6 |7.11.8

31.02.2 i4.05.82.14.42.9

31.33.9

18.6

12.32.3

146.71.74.53.6

34.019.03.4

171.610.0 |18.559.8

117.614.910.221.2

11.11.21.6

147.811.011.514.826.021.4

650.23.55.3

22.320.1

8.318.12.1

17.784.239.039.312.6

126.86.2

10.39.26.9

37.58.72.1

40.12.64.67.02.55.73.6

38.14.8

22.6

12.72.7

168.02.15.04.2

40.321.4

3.7

165.99.7

18.056.6


June1995

5.25.33.43.4

2.82.91.8

5.95.55.64.55.93.9

6.96.24.73.3

11.38.5

14.73.6

10.85.4

11.35.48.76.65.3

18.59.25.3

19.97.14.75.35.48.95.87.15.65.4

4.03.53.7

4.12.9

4.92.89.84.05.44.23.0

6.15.06.25.3

May1996

5.14.93.33.6

2.52.71.7

4.54.14.33.74.02.8

5.65.33.72.99.36.7

12.72.68.04.1

11.74.08.05.34.7

13.07.74.0

17.05.93.64.24.67.06.95.04.44.4

3.12.72.9

3.82.4

4.22.47.63.44.73.72.6

6.04.95.84.7

June1996P

6.26.03.94.4

2.82.61.7

5.34.95.04.34.83.4

6.65.94.63.5

10.97.8

14.13.29.84.8

13.44.69.76.35.3

15.18.95.5

19.57.14.25.45.38.08.16.05.65.4

3.73.33.4

3.92.8

4.82.98.44.05.54.22.8

5.74.85.74.5


132





State and area


Unemployed

Number

June1995

May1996

West VirginiaCharlestonHuntington-Ashland ...Parkersburg-Marietta .Wheeling

WisconsinAppleton-Oshkosh-Neenah .Eau ClaireGreen BayJanesville-BeloitKenoshaLa CrosseMadisonMilwaukee-WaukeshaRacineSheboyganWausau

Wyoming.Casper ...

800.8128.6138.176.572.0

2,919.7219.6

76.8129.782.175.170.5

251.0800.8

94.363.572.1

261.932.8

Puerto RicoCaguasMayaguezPonceSan Juan-Bayamon .

1,216.9104.0 I89.8

103.2660.5

814.6129.9137.778.473.0

2,907.2219.3

78.3130.182.276.069.4

255.2786.394.663.771.6

257.933.1

1,274.3111.194.8

109.3688.8

June1996?

816.1132.3139.679.772.9

2,983.5225.0

78.2133.384.276.571.0

258.4808.4

97.466.573.5

263.533.0

1,285.6112.694.0

111.5692.1

June1995

61.56.9

10.55.64.8

111.77.02.94.43.43.02.74.4

31.94.11.93.2

11.51.7

170.714.213.418.075.7

May1996

57.36.99.15.04.2

100.46.22.84.12.82.61.84.2

28.73.81.72.5

11.11.9

184.114.214.921.680.2

June1996P

58.46.89.55.44.4

110.36.63.24.73.22.92.04.5

32.74.72.12.8

10.01.6

201.116.415.923.387.3


June1995

7.75.47.67.36.7

3.83.23.73.44.23.93.81.74.04.43.04.5

4.45.1

14.013.615.017.511.5

May1996

7.05.36.66.45.8

3.52.83.53.13.43.52.61.63.64.02.73.5

4.35.6

14.412.815.719.711.6

June1996^

7.25.26.86.76.1

3.72.94.13.53.83.82.81.84.04.83.23.8

3.84.8

15.614.617.020.912.6

p = preliminary.NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will

be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.

133


Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Introduction

The statistics in this periodical are compiled from twomajor sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reportsfrom employers.

Data based on household interviews are obtained fromthe Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey ofthe population 16 years of age and over. The survey is con-ducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for theBureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive dataon the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, clas-sified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family rela-tionship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.The survey also provides data on the characteristics and pastwork experience of those not in the labor force. The infor-mation is collected by trained interviewers from a sample ofabout 50,000 households (beginning with January 1996 data)located in 754 sample areas. These areas are chosen to rep-resent all counties and independent cities in the U.S., withcoverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The datacollected are based on the activity or status reported for thecalendar week including the 12th of the month.

Data based on establishment records are compiled eachmonth from mail questionnaires and telephone interviewsby the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with Stateagencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) sur-vey is designed to provide industry information on non-farm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings forthe Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment,hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reports froma sample of about 390,000 establishments employing over47 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data re-late to all workers, full or part time, who receive pay duringthe payroll period which includes the 12th of the month.

RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD ANDESTABLISHMENT SERIES

The household and establishment data complement oneanother, each providing significant types of information thatthe other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,for example, are obtained only from the household survey,whereas detailed industrial classifications are much morereliably derived from establishment reports.

Data from these two sources differ from each other be-cause of variations in definitions and coverage, source of

information, methods of collection, and estimating proce-dures. Sampling variability and response errors are addi-tional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors whichhave a differential effect on the levels and trends of thetwo data series are as follows.

Employment

Coverage. The household survey definition of employmentcomprises wage and salary workers (including domesticsand other private household workers), self-employed per-sons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or moreduring the reference week in family-operated enterprises.Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural indus-tries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage andsalary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.

Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides infor-mation on the work status of the population without dupli-cation, since each person is classified as employed, unem-ployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons hold-ing more than one job are counted only once. In the figuresbased on establishment reports, persons who worked in morethan one establishment during the reporting period arecounted each time their names appear on payrolls.

Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includesamong the employed all civilians who had jobs but werenot at work during the reference week—that is, were notworking but had jobs from which they were temporarilyabsent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcareproblems, labor-management disputes, or because they weretaking time off for various other reasons, even if they werenot paid by their employers for the time off. In the figuresbased on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by thecompany are included, but those on leave without pay forthe entire payroll period are not.

Hours of workThe household survey measures hours worked for all

workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for pri-vate production and nonsupervisory workers paid for byemployers. In the household survey, all persons with a jobbut not at work are excluded from the hours distributionsand the computations of average hours at work. In the pay-

135


roll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paidvacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included andassigned the number of hours for which they were paid dur-ing the reporting period.

EarningsThe household survey measures the earnings of wage

and salary workers in all occupations and industries in boththe private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earn-ings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Datafrom the establishment survey generally refer to averageearnings of production and related workers in mining andmanufacturing, construction workers in construction, andnonsupervisory employees in private service-producing in-dustries. For a comprehensive discussion of the variousearnings series available from the household and establish-ment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLSBulletin 2239 (1986).

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA WITHOTHER SERIES

Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total fromthe household survey includes all persons who did not havea job during the reference week, were currently availablefor a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to becalled back to a job from which they had been laid off,whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insur-ance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, preparedby the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise in-eligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, per-sons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workerswho have not earned rights to unemployment insurance,and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment in-surance systems (some workers in agriculture, domesticservices, and religious organizations, and self-employed andunpaid family workers).

In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemploymentcompensation differ from the definition of unemploymentused in the household survey. For example, persons with ajob but not at work and persons working only a few hoursduring the week are sometimes eligible for unemploymentcompensation but are classified as employed rather thanunemployed in the household survey.

For an examination of the similarities and differencesbetween State insured unemployment and total unemploy-ment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemploy-

ment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of theMonthly Labor Review.

Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Departmentof Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage arethe inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricul-tural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual job-holders, who are counted more than once if they work onmore than one farm during the reporting period. There arealso wide differences in sampling techniques and data col-lecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readilymeasured in terms of their impact on differences in the lev-els and trends of the two series.

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENTDATA WITH OTHER SERIES

Statistics on manufacturers and business, Bureau of theCensus. BLS establishment statistics on employment dif-fer from employment counts derived by the Bureau of theCensus from its censuses or sample surveys of manufactur-ing and business establishments. The major reasons fornoncomparability are different treatment of business unitsconsidered parts of an establishment, such as central ad-ministrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial clas-sification of establishments; and different reporting patternsby multiunit companies. There are also differences in thescope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Busi-ness excludes professional services, public utilities, andfinancial establishments, whereas these are included in theBLS statistics.

County Business Patterns, Bureau of the Census. Data inCounty Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS estab-lishment statistics in the treatment of central administra-tive offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arisebecause of industrial classification and reporting practices.In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most ofgovernment, and coverage is incomplete for some of thenonprofit agencies.

Employment covered by State unemployment insuranceprograms. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers arecovered by the unemployment insurance programs.However, some employees, such as those working inparochial schools and churches, are not covered byunemployment insurance, whereas they are included in theBLS establishment statistics.

136


Household Data("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)

COLLECTION AND COVERAGE

Statistics on the employment status of the population andrelated data are compiled by BLS using data from the Cur-rent Population Survey (CPS). This monthly survey of house-holds is conducted for BLS by the Bureau of the Censusthrough a scientifically selected sample designed to repre-sent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondentsare interviewed to obtain information about the employmentstatus of each member of the household 16 years of age andover. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the cal-endar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference week."Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week,referred to as the "survey week."

Each month about 50,000 occupied units are eligible forinterview. Some 3,200 of these households are contacted butinterviews are not obtained because the occupants are not athome aftei repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons.This represents a noninterview rate for the survey that rangesbetween 6 and 7 percent. In addition to the 50,000 occupiedunits, there are about 9,000 sample units in an average monthwhich are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise noteligible for enumeration. Part of the sample is changed eachmonth. The rotation plan, as will be explained later, providesfor three-fourths of the sample to be common from one monthto the next, and one-half to be common with the same montha year earlier.

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

The concepts and definitions underlying labor force datahave been modified, but not substantially altered, since theinception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January1994 are as follows:

Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and theDistrict of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions (e.g.,penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and whoare not on active duty in the Armed Forces.

Employed persons. All persons who, during the referenceweek, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid em-ployees, worked in their own business, profession, or on theirown farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid work-ers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and(b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or busi-nesses from which they were temporarily absent because ofvacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, mater-

nity or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job train-ing, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not theywere paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.

Each employed person is counted only once, even if he orshe holds more than one job. For purposes of occupationand industry classification, multiple jobholders are countedin the job at which they worked the greatest number of hoursduring the reference week.

Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign coun-tries who are temporarily in the United States but not livingon the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whoseonly activity consisted of work around their own house(painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteerwork for religious, charitable, and other organizations.

Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employmentduring the reference week, were available for work, exceptfor temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to findemployment some time during the 4-week-period endingwith the reference week. Persons who were waiting to berecalled to a job from which they had been laid off need nothave been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.

Duration of unemployment. This represents the length oftime (through the current reference week) that persons clas-sified as unemployed had been looking for work. For per-sons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents thenumber of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean dura-tion is the arithmetic average computed from single weeksof unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of adistribution of weeks of unemployment.

Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also catego-rized according to the status of individuals at the time theybegan to look for work. The reasons for unemployment aredivided into five major groups: (1) Job losers, comprised of(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a dateto return to work or who expect to return within 6 months(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualifyas unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose em-ployment ended involuntarily and who began looking forwork; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise termi-nated their employment voluntarily and immediately beganlooking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporaryjobs, who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4)Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out ofthe labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5)New entrants, persons who never worked. Each of thesefive categories of the unemployed can be expressed as aproportion of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of thefour rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian


workers. (For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers"and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combinedinto a single category until seasonal adjustments can be de-veloped for the separate categories.)

Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific ef-forts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period pre-ceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on tempo-rary layoff, who although often looking for work, are notrequired to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekersare grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only activemethods—which have the potential to result in a job offerwithout further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualifyas job search. Examples include going to an employer di-rectly or to a public or private employment agency, seekingassistance from friends or relatives, placing or answeringads, or using some other active method. Examples of the"other" category include being on a union or professionalregister, obtaining assistance from a community organiza-tion, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passivemethods, which do not qualify as job search, include read-ing (as opposed to answering or placing) "help wanted" adsand taking a job training course.

Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified asemployed or unemployed in accordance with the criteriadescribed above.

Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents thenumber unemployed as a percent of the labor force.

Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the popu-lation that is in the labor force.

Employment-population ratio. This represents the propor-tion of the population that is employed.

Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all personsin the civilian noninstitutional population who are neitheremployed nor unemployed. Information is collected on theirdesire for and availability to take a job at the time of theCPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and rea-son for not looking in the 4 week period prior to the surveyweek. This group includes discouraged workers, defined aspersons not in the labor force who want and are availablefor a job and who have looked for work sometime in thepast 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they heldone within the past 12 months), but are not currently look-ing, because they believe there are no jobs available or thereare none for which they would qualify.

Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in thesample for either their fourth or eighth month are askedadditional questions relating to job history and workseekingintentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis.

Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This informationfor the employed applies to the job held in the referenceweek. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in thejob at which they worked the greatest number of hours. Theunemployed are classified according to their last job. Theoccupational and industrial classification of CPS data isbased on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.

The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to thefollowing categories: Private and government wage and sal-ary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid familyworkers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employeror from a government unit. Self-employed persons are thosewho work for profit or fees in their own business, profes-sion, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employedare included in the self-employed category in the class ofworker typology. Self-employed persons who respond thattheir businesses are incorporated are included among wageand salary workers, because technically, they are paid em-ployees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers are per-sons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on afarm or in a business operated by a member of the house-hold to whom they are related by birth or marriage.

Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, dur-ing the reference week, had either two or more jobs as awage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held awage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family workerand also held a wage and salary job. A person employedonly in private households (cleaner, gardener, babysitter, etc.)who worked for two or more employers during the refer-ence week is not counted as a multiple jobholder, since work-ing for several employers is considered an inherent charac-teristic of private household work. Also excluded are self-employed persons with multiple businesses and persons withmultiple jobs as unpaid family workers.

Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual numberof hours worked during the reference week. For example,persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off onthe Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32hours, even though they were paid for the holiday. For per-sons working in more than one job, the published figuresrelate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during theweek; all the hours are credited to the major job. Unpub-lished data are available for the hours worked in each joband for usual hours.

At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referredto as involuntary part time, this category refers to individu-als who gave an economic reason for working 1 to 34 hoursduring the reference week. Economic reasons include slackwork or unfavorable business conditions, inability to findfull-time work, and seasonal declines in demand. Those whousually work part time must also indicate that they want andare available to work full time to be classified as on parttime for economic reasons.

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At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group in-cludes those persons who usually work part time and wereat work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a non-economic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for ex-ample: Dlness or other medical limitations, child-care prob-lems or other family or personal obligations, school or train-ing, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, andbeing in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.The group also includes those who gave an economic rea-son for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do notwant to work full time or were unavailable for such work.

Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a joband therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,"with a job but not at work." These are persons who wereabsent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasonsas bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labordispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedulefrom their activity during the reference week, persons arealso classified according to their usual full- or part-time sta-tus. In this context, full-time workers are those who usuallyworked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This groupwill include some individuals who worked less than 35 hoursin the reference week for either economic or noneconomicreasons and those who are temporarily absent from work.Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work lessthan 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the num-ber of hours worked in the reference week. This may in-clude some individuals who actually worked more than 34hours in the reference week, as well as those who are tem-porarily absent from work. Thefull-time labor force includesall employed persons who usually work full time and unem-ployed persons who are either looking for full-time work orare on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time labor forceconsists of employed persons who usually work part timeand unemployed persons who are seeking or are on layofffrom part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers are calculated using the concepts of the full-and part-time labor force.

White, black, and other. These are terms used to describethe race of persons. Included in the "other" group are Ameri-can Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Island-ers. Because of the relatively small sample size, data for"other" races are not published. In the enumeration pro-cess, race is determined by the household respondent.

Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified them-selves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican,Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic ori-gin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of anyrace; thus they are included in both the white and black popu-lation groups.

Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the

Armed Forces of the United States between August 5,1964,and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in thecivilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institu-tions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons whonever served in the Armed Forces.

Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxesand other deductions, and include any overtime pay, com-missions, or tips usually received (at the main job in thecase of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basisother than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are con-verted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by therespondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,interviewers are instructed to define the term as more thanhalf the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Datarefer to wage and salary workers (excluding self-employedpersons who respond that their business's were incorporated)who usually work full time on their sole or primary job.

Median earnings. These figures indicate the value whichdivides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, onepart having values above the median and the other havingvalues below the median. The medians as shown in this pub-lication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 cen-tered interval within which each median falls. Data expressedin constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price In-dex for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).

Single, never married; married, spouse present; and othermarital status. These are the terms used to define the mari-tal status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both wereliving in the same household, even though one may be tem-porarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospi-tal, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are mar-ried, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouseabsent relates to persons who are separated due to maritalproblems, as well as husbands and wives who are living apartbecause one or the other was employed elsewhere, on dutywith the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.

Household. A household consists of all persons—relatedfamily members and all unrelated persons—who occupy ahousing unit and have no other usual address. A house, anapartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded asa housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy asseparate living quarters. A householder is the person (or oneof the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned orrented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wivesin married-couple families but relates only to persons in fami-lies maintained by either men or women without a spouse.

Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more per-sons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, oradoption; all such persons are considered as members of onefamily. Families are classified either as married-couple fami-

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lies or as families maintained by women or men withoutspouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one inwhich the householder is either single, widowed, divorced,or married, spouse absent. Data on the earnings of familiesexclude all those in which there is no wage or salary earneror in which the husband, wife, or other person maintainingthe family is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY

Changes in concepts and methodsWhile current survey concepts and methods are very simi-

lar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940,a number of changes have been made over the years to im-prove the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of themost important changes include:

• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed withthe introduction of four basic employment questions. Priorto that time, the survey did not contain specific questionwording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of ac-tivity prioritization.

• In 1953, the current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutivemonths, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return tothe sample for the same 4 months of the following year.Before this system was introduced, households were inter-viewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The newsystem provided some year-to-year overlap in the sample,thereby improving measurement over time.

• In 1955, the survey reference week was changed to thecalendar week including the 12th day of the month, forgreater consistency with the reference period used for otherlabor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week con-taining the 8th day of the month had been used as the refer-ence week.

• In 1957, the employment definition was modified slightlyas a result of a comprehensive interagency review of laborforce concepts and methods. Two relatively small groups ofpersons classified as employed, under "with a job but not atwork," were assigned to different classifications. Persons onlayoff with definite instructions to return to work within 30days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they werewaiting to start a new wage and salary job within 30 days ofinterview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the unem-ployed classification. The only exception was the small sub-group in school during the reference week but waiting to startnew jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force.

• In 1967, more substantive changes were made as a re-sult of the recommendations of the President's Committeeto Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics (the

Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were asfollows:

a) A 4-week job search period and specific questions onjobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the ques-tionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseekingand there were no specific questions concerning job-searchmethods.

b) An availability test was introduced whereby a personmust be currently available for work in order to be classi-fied as unemployed. Previously, there was no such require-ment. This revision to the concept mainly affected students,who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in thespring although they will not be available until June or July.Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployedbut since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"category.

c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were lookingfor work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.

d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employ-ment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts wasraised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most majorseries have been revised to provide consistent informationbased on the new minimum age limit.

e) New questions were added to obtain additional infor-mation on persons not in the labor force, including thosereferred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons whoindicate that they want a job but are not currently lookingbecause they believe there are no jobs available or none forwhich they would qualify.

f) New "probing" questions were added to the question-naire in order to increase the reliability of information onhours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employ-ment.

• In 1994, major changes to the Current Population Sur-vey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete re-design of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assistedinterviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there wererevisions to some of the labor force concepts and defini-tions, including the implementation of some changes rec-ommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Em-ployment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, alsoknown as the Levitan Commission). Some of the majorchanges to the survey were:

a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated ques-tionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned inorder to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant

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information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art com-puter interviewing techniques.

b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the defi-nition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classi-fied as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted ajob and be reported as not currently looking because of abelief that no jobs were available or that there were none forwhich he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, personsclassified as discouraged must also have looked for a jobwithin the past year (or since their last job, if they workedduring the year), and must have been available for workduring the reference week (a direct question on availabilitywas added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been in-ferred from responses to other questions). These changeswere made because the NCEUS and others felt that the pre-vious definition of discouraged workers was too subjective,relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job andnot on prior testing of the labor market.

c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed parttime for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours inthe reference week because of poor business conditions orbecause of an inability to find full-time work) was tightenedby adding two new criteria for persons who usually workpart time: They must want and be available for full-timework. Previously, such information was inferred. (Personswho usually work full time but worked part time for an eco-nomic reason during the reference week are assumed to meetthese criteria.)

d) Specific questions were added about the expectationof recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff. Tobe classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must expectto be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire didnot include explicit questions about the expectation of re-call.

e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start anew job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unem-ployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet thejob-search requirement in order to be included among theunemployed.

For additional information on changes in CPS conceptsand methods, see Concepts and Methods used in LaborForce Statistics Derived from the Current PopulationSurvey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhaulingthe Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary toChange?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evalu-ating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current PopulationSurvey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 is-sue of this publication.

Noncomparability of labor force levelsIn addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions, and

methods made over the years, other changes have also af-fected the comparability of the labor force data.

• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data fromthe 1950 census into the estimating procedures, populationlevels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total em-ployment, and agricultural employment were increased byabout 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals andmen; other categories were relatively unaffected.

• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaiiresulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the populationand about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this in-crease was in nonagricultural employment; other labor forcecategories were not appreciably affected.

• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 andlabor force and employment by about 200,000; unemploy-ment totals were virtually unchanged.

• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 censuswas introduced into the estimation procedures, increasingthe population by about 800,000; labor force and employ-ment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000; unem-ployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.

• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustmentbased on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment,which affected the white and black-and-other groups but hadlittle effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly300,000 in the white population and an increase of the samemagnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian laborforce and total employment figures were affected to a lesserdegree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000, andthe black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000. Un-employment levels and rates were not significantly affected.

• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepareindependent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional popu-lation was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach.This change in the derivation of the estimates had its great-est impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year old men—particu-larly those of the black-and-other population—but had littleeffect on estimates of the total population 16 years and over.Additional information on the adjustment procedure appearsin "CPS Population Controls Derived from Inflation-Defla-tion Method of Estimation," in the February 1974 issue ofthis publication.

• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow ofVietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and

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black-and-other independent population controls for per-sons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000 —(30,000 men and 46,000 women). The addition of the refu-gees increased the black-and-other population by less than1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes be-ing confined to the "other" component of the population.

• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of anexpansion in the sample and revisions in the estimationprocedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in thecivilian labor force and employment totals; unemploymentlevels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanationof the procedural changes and an indication of the differencesappear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey inJanuary 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication.

• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individualwas determined by the household respondent for theincoming rotation group households, rather than by theinterviewer as before. The purpose of this change was toprovide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample householdshad race determined by the household respondent and seven-eighths of the sample households had race determined byinterviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 thatthe entire sample had race determined by the householdrespondent. The new procedure had no significant effect onthe estimates.

• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjust-ment method was changed in the CPS estimation proce-dure. Differences between the old and new procedures ex-isted only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area esti-mates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behindthe change and an indication of the differences appear in"Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.

• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio ad-justment method was changed. The purpose of the changeand an indication of its effect on national estimates of laborforce characteristics appear in "Revisions in the CurrentPopulation Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the Feb-ruary 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, currentpopulation estimates used in the second-stage estimationprocedure were derived from information obtained from the1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This change causedsubstantial increases in the total population and in the esti-mates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for la-bor force characteristics, however, remained virtually un-changed. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted backto 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustmentprocedure used also is described in the February 1982article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smoothout the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979(described above), and data users should consider them whencomparing estimates from different periods.

• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjust-ment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980census. The purpose of the change and an indication of itseffect on national estimates of labor force characteristicsappear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Be-ginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of thispublication. There were only slight differences between theold and new procedures in estimates of levels for the vari-ous labor force characteristics and virtually no differencesin estimates of participation rates.

• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of theCPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment,the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the com-posite estimator—were revised. These procedures are de-scribed in the Estimating Methods section. A description ofthe changes and an indication of their effect on nationalestimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changesin the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Sur-vey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issueof this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slighteffect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on esti-mates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates wererevised back to January 1980.

• Beginning in January 1986, the population controls usedin the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revisedto reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumentedimmigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and an improvedestimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreign-bom residents for the same time period. As a result, thetotal civilian population and labor force estimates were raisedby nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased byabout 350,000. The Hispanic-origin population and laborforce estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,respectively, and Hispanic employment by 270,000. Over-all and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were notsignificantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the ad-justments for Hispanics, data were revised back to Janu-ary 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changesand their effect on estimates of labor force characteristicsappear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Cur-rent Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in theFebruary 1986 issue of this publication.

• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio esti-mate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance ofvery small cells occurring and to be more consistent withpublished age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually noeffect on national estimates.

• Beginning in January 1994, 1990 census-based popu-lation controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, wereintroduced into the second stage estimation procedure. Thischange resulted in substantial increases in total populationand in all major labor force categories. Effective February1996, these controls were introduced into the estimates for

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1990-93. Under the new population controls, the civiliannoninstitutional population for 1990 increased by about 1.1million, employment by about 880,000, and unemploymentby approximately 175,000. The overall unemployment raterose by about 0.1 percentage point. For further information,see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey EffectiveJanuary 1994," and "Revisions in Household Survey DataEffective February 1996" in the February 1994 and March1996 issues, respectively, of this publication.

Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,the composite estimation procedure was suspended due totechnical and logistical reasons.

Changes in the occupational and industrialclassification system

Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupationalemployment data was affected as a result of changes in theoccupational classification system for the 1970 census thatwere introduced into the CPS. Comparability was furtheraffected in December 1971, when a question relating to majoractivity or duties was added to the monthly CPS question-naire in order to determine more precisely the occupationalclassification of individuals. As a result of these changes,meaningful comparisons of occupational employment lev-els could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years norbetween those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not sig-nificantly affected. For a further explanation of the changesin the occupational classification system, see "Revisions inOccupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions inthe Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 andFebruary 1972 issues, respectively, of this publication.

Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and indus-trial classification systems used in the 1980 census wereintroduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational clas-sification system evolved from the Standard OccupationalClassification (SOC) system and was so radically differentin concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system thatcomparisons of historical data are not possible without ma-jor adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "salesoccupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors inretail trade establishments from "managers and administra-tors, except farm."

The industrial classification system used in the 1980 cen-sus was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classifica-tion (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption ofthe new system had much less of an adverse effect on his-torical comparability than did the new occupational sys-tem. The most notable changes from the 1970 system werethe transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "whole-sale" trade, postal service from "public administration" to"transportation," and some interchange between "profes-sional and related services" and "public administration."Additional information on the 1980 census occupational andindustrial classification systems appears in "Revisions in theCurrent Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in

the February 1983 issue of this publication.Beginning in January 1992, die occupational and indus-

trial classification systems used in the 1990 census were in-troduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based onthe 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems, respec-tively.) There were a few breaks in comparability betweenthe 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly withinthe "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories.The most notable changes in industry classification were theshift of several industries from "business services" to "pro-fessional services" and the splitting of some industries intosmaller, more detailed categories. A number of industry titleswere changed as well, with no change in content.

SamplingSince the inception of the survey, there have been various

changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is tra-ditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after eachdecennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and thenumber of sample persons are changed occasionally. Mostof these changes are made in order to improve the efficiencyof the sample design, increase the reliability of the sampleestimates, or control cost.

Changes in this regard since 1960 are as follows: WhenAlaska and Hawaii received statehood in 1959 and 1960,respectively, three sample areas were added to the existingsample to account for the population of these States. In Janu-ary 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, se-lected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was de-signed to provide more reliable annual average estimatesfor States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sampleof approximately 450 sample household units representing237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construc-tion housing units was added. In January 1980, anothersupplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32States and the District of Columbia was added. A samplereduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by 100households to provide additional coverage in counties addedto the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's),which were redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census infor-mation. A sample reduction of about 4,000 households wasimplemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned CPSsample based on the 1990 decennial census was selected foruse during the 1990's. Households from this new samplewere phased into the CPS between April 1994 and July 1995.The July 1995 sample was the first monthly sample basedentirely on the 1990 census. For further information on the1990 sample redesign, see "Redesign of the Sample for theCurrent Population Survey" in the May 1994 issue of thispublication.

The original 1990 census-based sample design includedabout 66,000 housing units per month located in 792 se-

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lected geographic areas called primary sampling units(PSU's). The sample was initially selected to meet specificreliability criteria for the Nation, for each of the 50 Statesand the District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas ofNew York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropoli-tan area. In 1996, the original sample design reliability cri-teria were modified to reduce costs. The current criteria,given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV)of the unemployment level, where the CV is defined as thestandard error of the estimate divided by the estimate, ex-pressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a 6-per-cent unemployment rate to establish a consistent specifica-tion of sampling error.

The current sample design, introduced in January 19%,includes about 59,000 households from 754 sample areasand maintains a 1.9-percent CV on national monthly esti-mates of unemployment level. This translates into a changeof 0.2 percentage point in the unemployment rate being sig-nificant at a 90-percent confidence level. For each of thefifty States and for the District of Columbia, the design main-tains a CV of at most 8-percent on the annual average esti-mate of unemployment level, assuming a 6-percent unem-ployment rate. Due to the national reliability criterion, esti-mates for several large States are substantially more reli-able than the State design criterion requires. Annual aver-age unemployment estimates for California, Florida, NewYork, and Texas, for example, carry a CV of less than 4percent.

In the first stage of sampling, the 754 sample areas arechosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusterscomposed of about four housing units each are selected. Eachmonth, about 59,000 housing units aie assigned for datacollection, of which about 50,000 are occupied and thus eli-gible for interview. The remainder are units found to be de-stroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containingpersons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere, or in-eligible for other reasons. Of the 50,000 housing units, about6.5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due to tem-porary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make con-tact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contactedto respond, unavailability for other reasons, and refusals tocooperate (about half of the noninterviews). Information isobtained each month for about 94,000 persons 16 years ofage or older.

Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the UnitedStates, consisting of 3,141 counties and independent cities,is divided into 2,007 sample units (PSU's). In most States, aPSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous coun-ties. In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions areused instead of counties.

Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis forforming PSU's. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties nor-mally are combined except when the geographic area of anindividual county is too large. Combining counties to formPSU's provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes

urban and rural residents of both high and low economiclevels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse oc-cupations and industries. Another important considerationis that the PSU be sufficiently compact so that, with a smallsample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassedwithout undue travel cost.

The 2,007 PSU's are grouped into strata within each State.Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the prob-ability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU.Nationally, there are a total of 428 PSU's in strata by them-selves. These strata are self-representing and are generallythe most populous PSU's in each State. The 326 remainingstrata are formed by combining PSU's that are similar insuch characteristics as unemployment, proportion of hous-ing units with three or more persons, number of persons em-ployed in various industries, and average monthly wagesfor various industries. The single PSU randomly selectedfrom each of these strata is non-self-representing because itrepresents not only itself but the entire stratum. The prob-ability of selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-represent-ing stratum is proportional to its 1990 population. For ex-ample, within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a popu-lation of 50,000 would be selected for the sample is twicethat for a PSU having a population of 25,000.

Selection of sample households. Because the sample designis State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and de-pends on State population size as well as both national andState reliability requirements. The State sampling ratiosrange roughly from 1 in every 100 households to 1 in every3,000 households. The sampling ratio occasionally is modi-fied slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively con-stant given the overall growth of the population. The sam-pling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the prob-ability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio for theState. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1 in10 and a State sampling ratio of 3,000, a within-PSU sam-pling ratio of 1 in 300 achieves the desired ratio of 1 in 3,000for the stratum.

The 1990 within-PSU sample design was developed us-ing block-level data from the 1990 census. (The 1990 cen-sus was the first decennial census that produced data at theblock level for the entire country.) Normally, census blocksare bounded by streets and other prominent physical fea-tures such as rivers or railroad tracks. County, Minor CivilDivision, and census place limits also serve as block bound-aries. In cities, blocks can be bounded by four streets and bequite small in land area. In rural areas, blocks can be severalsquare miles in size.

For the purpose of sample selection, census blocks weregrouped into three strata: Unit, group quarters,, and area.(Occasionally, units within a block were split between theunit and group quarters strata.) The unit stratum containedregular housing units with addresses that were easy to lo-cate (e.g. most single family homes, townhouses, condo-miniums, apartment units, and mobil homes). The group

144


quarters stratum contained housing units where residentsshared common facilities or received formal or authorizedcare or custody. Unit and group quarters blocks exist pri-marily in urban areas. The area stratum contains blockswith addresses that are more difficult to locate. Area blocksexist primarily in rural areas.

To reduce the variability of the survey estimates and toensure that the within-PSU sample would reflect the demo-graphic and socioeconomic characteristics of the PSU, blockswithin the unit, group quarters, and area strata were sortedusing geographic and block-level data from the census.Examples of the census variables used for sorting includeproportion of minority renter-occupied housing units, pro-portion of housing units with female householders, and pro-portion of owner-occupied housing units. The specific sort-ing variables used differed by type of PSU (urban or rural)and stratum.

Within each block, housing units were sorted geographi-cally and grouped into clusters of approximately four units.A systematic sample of these clusters was then selected in-dependently from each stratum using the appropriate within-PSU sampling ratio. The geographic clustering of the sampleunits reduces field representative travel costs. Prior to in-terviewing, special listing procedures are used to locate theparticular sample addresses in the group quarters and areablocks.

Units in the three strata described above all existed at thetime of the 1990 decennial census. Through a series of addi-tional procedures, a sample of building permits is includedin the CPS to represent housing units built after the decen-nial census. Adding these newly built units keeps the sampleup-to-date and representative of the population. It also helpsto keep the sample size stable: over the life of the sample,

the addition of newly built housing units compensates forthe loss of "old" units which may be abandoned, demol-ished, or converted to nonresidential use.

Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed eachmonth. Each monthly sample is divided into eight represen-tative subsamples or rotation groups. A given rotation groupis interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equalperiods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leavesthe sample during the following 8 months, and then returnsfor another 4 consecutive months. In each monthly sample,one of the eight rotation groups is in the first month of enu-meration, another rotation group is in the second month, andso on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample is com-mon from month to month and 50 percent from year to yearfor the same month. This procedure provides a substantialamount of month-to-month and year-to-year overlap in thesample, thus providing better estimates of change and re-ducing discontinuities in the series of data without burden-ing any specific group of households with an unduly longperiod of inquiry.

CPS sample, 1947 to present. Table 1-A provides a descrip-tion of some aspects of the CPS sample designs in use since1947. A more detailed account of the history of the CPSsample design appears in The Current Population Survey:Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureauof the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in Labor ForceStatistics Derived from the Current Population Survey, Re-port 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the1990 census-based sample design appears in "Redesign ofthe Sample for the Current Population Survey," in the May1994 issue of this publication.

Table 1-A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present

Time period

Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956May 1956 to Dec. 1959Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966Jan. 1967 to July 1971Aug. 1971 to July 1972Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981May 1981 to Dec. 1984Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989April 1989 to Oct. 1994 3Nov. 1994 to Aug. 1995*Sept. 1995 to Dec. 1995Jan. 1996 to present

Number of sampleareas

68230

13302333357449449461614629629729729729792792754

Households eligible

Interviewed

21,00021,00033,50033,50033,50048,00045,00045,00053,50062,20057,80057,00053,20057,40054,50052,90046,800

Not interviewed

500-1,000500-1,000

1,5001,5001,5002,0002,0002,0002,5002,8002,5002,5002,6002,6003,5003,4003,200

Households visitedbut not eligible

3,000-3,5003,000-3,500

6,0006,0006,0008,5008,0008,000

10,00012,00011,00011,00011,50011,80010,0009,7009,000

1 Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage ineach State and the District of Columbia.

2 Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaiiafter statehood.

3 The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, April-November 1989.

4 Includes 2,000 additional assigned housing units from Georgia and Virginiathat were gradually phased in during the 10-month period, October 1994-August 1995.

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ESTIMATING METHODS

Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of theresults for a given month become available simultaneouslyand are based on returns from the entire panel of respon-dents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the datafrom each sample person by the inverse of the probabilityof the person being in the sample. This gives a rough mea-sure of the number of actual persons that the sample personrepresents. Since 1985, most sample persons within the sameState have had the same probability of selection. Some se-lection probabilities may differ within a State due to thesample design or for operational reasons. Field subsampling,for example, which is carried out when areas selected forthe sample are found to contain many more households thanexpected, may cause probabilities of selection to differ forsome sample areas within a State. Through a series of esti-mation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilitiesare adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage;data from previous months are incorporated into the esti-mates through the composite estimation procedure.

1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewedhouseholds are adjusted to account for occupied samplehouseholds for which no information was obtained becauseof absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability ofthe respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjust-ment is made separately for clusters of similar sample areasthat are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State.Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statis-tical Area (MSA) status and size. Within each cluster, thereis a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster issplit by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Eachnon-MSA cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residencecategories. The proportion of sample households not inter-viewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending on weather,vacation, etc.

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population se-lected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, fromthat of the population as a whole in such characteristics asage, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these char-acteristics are closely correlated with labor force participa-tion and other principal measurements made from thesample, the survey estimates can be substantially improvedwhen weighted appropriately by the known distribution ofthese population characteristics. This is accomplishedthrough two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows:

a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the first-stage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to vari-ance that results from selecting a sample of PSU's ratherthan drawing sample households from every PSU in theNation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in tworace cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSU's

that are not self-representing and for those States that havea substantial number of black households. The procedurecorrects for differences that existed in each State cell at thetime of the 1990 census between 1) the race distributionof the population in sample PSU's and 2) the race distribu-tion of all PSU's (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representingPSU's).

b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure sub-stantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects,to some extent, for CPS undercoverage. The CPS sampleweights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimatesof population match independent population controls. Threesets of controls are used:

1) 51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutionalpopulation 16 years of age and older,

2) National civilian noninstitutional population controlsfor 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories,

3) National civilian noninstitutional populationcontrols for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sexcategories.

The independent population controls are prepared by pro-jecting forward the resident population as enumerated onApril 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating de-mographic census data with information from a variety ofother data sources that account for births, deaths, and netmigration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces per-sonnel and institutionalized persons reduce the residentpopulation to the civilian noninstitutional population. Esti-mates of net census undercount, determined from the PostEnumeration Survey, are added to the population projec-tions. Prior to January 1994, the projections were based onearlier censuses, and there was no correction for censusundercount. A summary of the current procedures used tomake population projections is given in "Revisions in theCurrent Population Survey Effective January 1994," appear-ing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.

3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in thepreparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a compos-ite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consistsof a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratioestimate based on the entire sample from the current monthand the composite estimate for the previous month, plus anestimate of the month-to-month change based on the sixrotation groups common to both months. In addition, a biasadjustment term is added to the weighted average toaccount for relative bias associated with month-in-sampleestimates. This month-in-sample bias is exhibited byunemployment estimates for persons in their first and fifthmonths in the CPS being generally higher than estimatesobtained for the other months.

146


The composite estimate results in a reduction in the sam-pling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stagesof ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substan-tial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in estimatesof month-to-month change, although gains are also usuallyobtained for estimates of level in a given month, change fromyear to year, and change over other intervals of time.

Rounding of estimatesThe sums of individual items may not always equal the

totals shown in the same tables because of independentrounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand.Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, areinsignificant.

Reliability of the estimatesThere are two types of errors possible in an estimate based

on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The stan-dard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude ofthe sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of somenonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do notaccount for any systematic biases in the data.

Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error isunknown, but special studies have been conducted to quan-tify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as dis-cussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should besmall on estimates of relative change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levels would be moreseverely affected by the nonsampling error.

Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to manysources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about allpersons in the sample; differences in the interpretation ofquestions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to pro-vide correct information; inability to recall information;errors made in collecting and processing the data; errorsmade in estimating values for missing data; and failure torepresent all sample households and all persons withinsample households (undercoverage).

Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase ofthe survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.This program is used to estimate various sources of error aswell as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspectedthrough reinterview at regular intervals. The results indi-cate, among other things, that the data published from theCPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A descrip-tion of the CPS reinterview program and some of the otherresults may be found in The Current Population SurveyReinterview Program, January 1961 through December1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.Department of Commerce.

The effects of some components of nonsampling error inthe CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotationplan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates

varies by rotation group. A description of these effects ap-pears in 'The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on EstimatesFrom Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailor, Journal of theAmerican Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,March 1975.

Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housingunits and missed persons within sample households. TheCPS covers about 92 percent of the decennial census popu-lation (adjusted for census undercount). It is known thatthe CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and His-panic origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for menthan for women and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and otherraces than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent age-sex-race-origin population controls, as described previously,partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage.However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent thatmissed persons in missed households or missed persons ininterviewed households have different characteristics thaninterviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group.

Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPSappears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured bythe Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Bar-bara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. De-partment of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policyand Standards; in 'The Current Population Survey: An Over-view," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals ofEconomic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; andin The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodol-ogy, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.Department of Commerce. This last document includes acomprehensive discussion of various sources of errors anddescribes attempts to measure them in the CPS.

Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire popu-lation is surveyed, estimates differ from the true populationvalues that they represent. This difference, or sampling er-ror, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by thestandard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from agiven survey design are unbiased when an average of theestimates from all possible samples would yield, hypotheti-cally, the true population value. In this case, the sampleestimate and its standard error can be used to construct ap-proximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, thatinclude the true population value with known probabilities.If the process of selecting a sample from the populationwere repeated many times and an estimate and its standarderror calculated for each sample, then:

1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one stan-dard error below the estimate to one standard error abovethe estimate would include the true population value.

2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errorsabove the estimate would include the true population value.

3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two

147


standard errors below the estimate to two standard errorsabove the estimate would include the true population value.

Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do notproduce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates arebelieved to be small enough so that these confidence inter-val statements are approximately true.

Since it would be too costly to develop standard errorsfor all CPS estimates, generalized variance function tech-niques are used to calculate sets of standard errors for vari-ous types of labor force characteristics. It is important tokeep in mind that standard errors computed from these meth-ods reflect contributions from sampling errors and somekinds of nonsampling errors and indicate the general mag-nitude of an estimate's standard error rather than its precisevalue.

The generalized variance functions and standard errorsprovided here are based on the sample design and estimationprocedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect thepopulation levels and sample size as of 1996. Standard errorsfor years prior to 1996 may be roughly approximated byadjusting, as follows, the standard errors presented here.

1. For the years 1967 through 1995, multiply the standarderrors by 0.96.

2. For the years 1956 through 1966, multiply the standarderrors by 1.17.

3. For years prior to 1956, multiply the standard errorsby 1.44.

More accurate standard error estimates for historical CPSdata may be found in previous issues of this publication.

Tables 1-B through 1-H are provided so that approximatestandard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. Thesetables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating theproper use of each table follow.

Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimatedmonthly levels and rates for selected employment statuscharacteristics; these tables also provide standard errors forconsecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. Thesestandard errors are based on levels of recent estimates andcan be determined directly by finding the characteristic ofinterest.

Tables 1-D and 1-E show standard errors for monthly lev-els and consecutive monthly changes in levels for generalemployment status characteristics. The standard errors arecalculated using linear interpolation based on the size ofthe monthly estimates.

Tables 1-F and 1-G give parameters that can be used withformulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any speci-fied level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutivemonth-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecu-tive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1-F and 1-Gare preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas pro-vide more accurate results than linear interpolation.

Table 1-B. Standard errors for major employment statuscategories(In thousands)

Category

Total, 16 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Men, 20 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Women, 20 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Black, 16 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Men, 20 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Women, 20 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Hispanic origin, 16 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Monthlylevel

293312145

19420697

21922491

979662

13814066

787143

989744

403532

13013463

Consecutive-month change

216235161

164174113

165171105

959581

10110576

697250

737451

423737

9110773

Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standarderrors of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quar-terly and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changesof monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearlyaverages.

The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 monthto the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on themonthly levels for characteristics than on the size of thechanges. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthlylevels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximatingstandard errors of change. Standard errors for estimatedchange between nonconsecutive months are not provided(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be as-sumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutivemonthly change.

148


Table 1-C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by majorcharacteristics

Characteristic

Total, 16 years and overMen, 16 years and overMen, 20 years and overWomen, 16 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 yearsWhite workersBlack workersHispanic-origin workersMarried men, spouse presentMarried women, spouse presentWomen who maintain families

Occupation

Executive, administrative, and managerialProfessional specialtyTechnicians and related supportSalesAdministrative support, including clerical..Private householdProtective serviceService, except private household and

protective servicePrecision production, craft, and repairMachine operators, assemblers, and

inspectorsTransportation and material moving ,Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,

and laborersFarming, forestry, and fishing

Industry

Nonagricultural private wage and salaryworkersGoods-producing industries



Service-producing industriesTransportation, communications, and

public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance and services

Government workersAgricultural wage and salary workers

Monthlylevel

0.11.15.14.16.16.74.11.45.50.15.18.54

.20

.20

.45

.30

.251.75.67

.38

.34

.49

.55

.73

.73

Consecutive-month change

0.13.18.17.19.19.97.13.53.59.18.22.64

.24

.23

.54

.36

.302.08

.80

.45

.40

.58

.66

.87

.87

.13

.251.39.68.26.32.42.15

.42

.27

.19

.211.18

.15

.301.65.81.31.38.50.18

.50

.32

.23

.251.40

Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These table provide a quickreference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table1-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates ofmonthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changesin levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-Cgives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthlyunemployment rates and consecutive month-to-monthchanges in unemployment rates for some demographic, in-dustrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics notgiven in tables 1-B and 1-C, refer to either tables 1-D and 1-E or tables 1-F and 1-G.

Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number ofwomen 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is esti-mated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approxi-mate standard error of 219,000 is given in table 1-B in therow, 'Total, 16 years and over: Women, 20 years and over:Civilian labor force." A 90-percent confidence interval, asshown by these data, would then be the interval from53,650,000 to 54,350,000. Concluding that the true laborforce level lies within this interval would be correct forroughly 90 percent of all possible samples.

Use of tables 1~D and 1-E. From these tables, approximatestandard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthlylevels and month-to-month changes in levels for major la-bor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. Formajor categories not shown, such as male or female, tables1-F and 1-G can be used. Standard errors for intermediatevalues not shown in the tables may be approximated by lin-ear interpolation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimatesof consecutive month-to-month change, the average of thetwo monthly levels (not the change) is used to select theappropriate row in the table.

Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive monthsthe estimated number of employed persons changed from115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this month-to-month change estimate is based on the average level ofthe estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the table1-E column titled "Labor force data other than agriculturalemployment and unemployment, Total," it is necessary tofind the standard errors corresponding to the two monthlylevel entries between which the value 116,150,000 lies. Thestandard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given as274,000, and the standard error corresponding to120,000,000 is given as 246,000. Use linear interpolationto find the approximate standard error on month-to-monthchange corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one methodof calculation is given below.

Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true month-to-month change would be approximately the interval from698,000 to 1,502,000.

Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to findapproximate standard errors for a wide range of estimatedmonthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecu-tive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,these tables provide parameters to be used with the formu-las given below that allow the user to calculate standarderrors.

149


Table 1-D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels(In thousands)

Estimatedmonthly level

Characteristic

Agriculturalemployment

Total orwhite

Black

Unemployment

Total orwhite

Black Hispanicorigin

Labor force data other than agriculturalemployment and unemployment

Total White Black

Hispanic origin

EmployedCivilian laborforce or notin labor force

501005001,000...2,000 ...4,000 ...6,000 ...8,000 ...10,000.15,000.20,000.30,000.40,000.50,000.60,000.70,000.80,000 .100,000120,000140,000160,000180,000

1218416296

157216273330

1318395576

1217385476

107131150167201228

131839547496

106108101

1319425982

113

1217395477

108131151168202229271302324340350354349322267

1217395477

108131150167201227267296315327333333313264159

1318395576

103120131137137113

1420446183

111126134135110

1420446183

111126134135110

Table 1-E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels(In thousands)

Estimatedmonthly level

501005001,000....2,000 ....4,000 ....6,000....8,000 ....10,000 ..15,000 ..20,000 ..30,000 ..40,000 ..50,000 ..60,000 ..70,000 ..80,000 ..100,000120,000140,000160,000180,000

Characteristic

Agriculturalemployment

Total orwhite

1419435978959473

Black

1217375272

Unemployment

Total orwhite

1420466489

124148166180204215

Black

1521466384

1041069247

Hispanicorigin

1622506995

127

Labor force data other than agriculturalemployment and unemployment

Total

101432456388

108123137165187221245262274281283274246188

White

101432456388

108123137165187221245262274281283274246188

Black

10153345628497

10410810058

Hispanic origin

Employed

121737517093

10511011079

Civilian laborforce or notin labor force

10143143597889949576

150


Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutivemonthly change, lists parameters for some characteristicsclassified by a measure of correlation between monthly es-timates. Estimates of the number of persons employed fulltime, for example, change relatively little from one monthto the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to behighly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of part-time employment, by contrast, have low correlation, sincethese estimates are relatively volatile.

Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly es-timates are known to have high or low correlation are indi-cated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however,are broken down into low or high correlation characteris-tics. When high or low correlation is not specified in table1-G, the parameters in table 1-G should be selected fromthe rows labeled "Most characteristics" or from rows notspecifying correlation.

Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate stan-dard error, sx, of an estimated monthly level, x, can be ob-tained using the formula below, where a and b are the pa-rameters from table 1-F associated with the particular char-acteristic. The same formula can be used to approximatethe standard error of an estimated month-to-month changein level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutivemonths and use the parameters from table 1-G.

sx = V ax2+ bx

Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an es-timated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor force(x = 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parametersfrom table 1-F ("Unemployment: Total or white"). Use theformula to compute an approximate standard error on theestimate of 6,000,000.

a = -0.000017962 b = 2957.13

Sx = V(-0.000017962X6,000,000)2 + (2957.13)(6,000,000) =131,000

Suppose that in the next month the estimated number ofunemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. Theaverage of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain theappropriate a and b parameters from table 1-G ("Unemploy-ment: Total or white, Total, men, women"). Use the formulato compute an approximate standard error on the estimatedchange of 200,000.

a = -0.000093662 b = 4191.84

Sx = 7-(0.000093662X6,100,000)2 + (4191.84 )(6,100,000) = 149,000

An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for thetrue month-to-month change would be the interval from

-38,000 to 438,000. Because this interval covers zero, onecannot assert at this level of confidence that any real changehas occurred in the unemployment level. This result canalso be expressed by saying that the apparent change of200,000 is not significant at a 90-percent confidence level.

Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Gener-ally, percentages and rates are not published unless themonthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons,or the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.

The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate dependsupon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.When the numerator and base are in different categories,use the parameters from table 1-F or 1-G relevant to thenumerator. The approximate standard error, syp, of an esti-mated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the fol-lowing formula, where y is the estimated number of per-sons in the base.

Illustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on this per-centage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b =2529.99 from table 1-F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-forcedata other than agricultural employment and unemployment:Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain:

2529.99),600,000

(32)(100-32) = 1.0 percent

Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in thissame age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the stan-dard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 per-centage points, first average the values for p and y over the2 months to get p = 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next,obtain the parameter b = 2690.59 from table 1-G ("Laborforce and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural em-ployment and unemployment: Total or white, Women: Lowcorrelation characteristics") and apply the formula as fol-lows.

=

2690.595,650,000

(33)(100-33) = 1.0 percent

It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.

151


Table 1-F. Parameters for computation of standard errorsfor estimates of monthly levels

Characteristic

Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agriculturalemployment and unemployment:

Total1

Men1

WomenBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

White1

MenWomenBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years ..

BlackMenWomenBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years ..

Hispanic origin

Not in labor force, total or white,excluding women and 16-to-19 year olds

Agricultural employment:

Total or whiteMenWomen or both sexes, 16 to

19 years

Black

Hispanic origin:Total or womenMen or both sexes, 16 to

19years

Unemployment:

Total or whiteBlackHispanic origin

1 Excludes not-in-labor-force data,

If the example had illustrated percentages of women em-ployed full time, the numerator would have been a highcorrelation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not ex-plicitly list high correlation parameters for employedwomen; thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteris-tics" would have been used.

Had the example dealt with teenage women employedpart time, either of two rows in table 1-G could have beenapplied ("Women: Low correlation characteristics" or "Bothsexes, 16 to 19 years"). In situations like this, where it isnot clear which row applies, a general rule to follow is tochoose the row with the largest b parameter. This gives amore conservative estimate of standard error

Use of table 1-H Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, or1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly

-0.000017682-.000032770-.000029553-.000171805

-.000020028-.000036840-.000033710-.000204195

-.000125300-.000302096-.000182509-.001294516

-.000206380

.000005931

.000782035.000858136

-.000024885

-.000134884

.011857446

.015736341

-.000017962-.000212109-.000101820

2985.262764.052529.992544.62

2984.722766.672526.822549.88

3139.262930.792637.412949.48

3895.71

828.79

3048.572825.09

2582.39

3154.76

2894.85

1702.50

2957.133149.773576.47

or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly oryearly averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes inmonthly estimates. Table 1-H gives factors that can be usedto convert standard errors for monthly levels into standarderrors for other time periods and changes over time. Fol-low these three basic steps:

Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterlyestimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly es-timates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes inconsecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,average the 2 months involved.

Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimateusing table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1-D or 1-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the aver-age were an estimate for a single month.

Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average oron the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2by the appropriate factor from table 1-H.

Illustration, Suppose that standard errors are desired for aquarterly average of black employment levels and for thechange in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For eachsuccessive month of the first quarter, suppose the levels areobserved to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and 11,700,000.

Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.

Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agri-cultural employment and unemployment: Black"). Use theformula for sx to compute an approximate standard errorfor a monthly estimate of 11,600,000.

a = -0.000125300 b = 3139.26

Sx = ^(-0.000125300 )(11,600,000)2 + (3139.26)(11,600,000) = 140,000

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table1-H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled"Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricul-tural employment and unemployment, Black"). This givesan approximate standard error of 122,000 on the quarterlyaverage of 11,600,000.

Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on thechange in consecutive quarterly average estimates of blackemployment. Assume that black employment estimates forthe months in the second quarter are observed to be11,100,000, 11,200,000, and 11,300,000.

Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.

152


Table 1-G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels

Characteristic

Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agriculturalemployment and unemployment:

Total or white:Most characteristicsHigh correlation characteristics1

Low correlation characteristics1

Men:Most characteristicsHigh correlation characteristicsLow correlation characteristics

Women:Most characteristicsLow correlation characteristics


Black:Most characteristicsLow correlation characteristics

Men:Most characteristicsLow correlation characteristics

Women:Most characteristicsLow correlation characteristics


Hispanic origin:Total

Civilian labor force and not in labor forceLow correlation characteristicsMen, civilian labor force and not in labor forceMen, 16 years and over; 20 years and over; and both sexes,

16 to 19 yearsWomen, 16 years and over and 20 years and over


Total or white:TotalMenWomen or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Black:Total or womenMen or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Hispanic origin:Total or womenMen or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Self-employed

Unemployment:2

Total or white:Total, men, womenBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics...

Black:Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years ,High correlation characteristics

Hispanic origin:Total, men, womenBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics....

-0.000012482-.000009288-.000016162

-.000022599-.000016814-.000058387

-.000021229-.000059785

-.000186555

-.000098960-.001928030

-.000234427-.002881467

-.000156363-.002311407

-.001288452

-.000157201-.000102898-.002624078-.000248038

-.000398909-.000338741

-.000395757-.000672985.000130289

-.000122355-.019110769

.002872129

.002884390

-.000245791

-.000093662-.000071624

-.000414217.000048170

-.000252897-.000996431

2001.121564.842550.56

1921.131500.992668.56

1689.992690.59

2616.54

2147.366513.82

2280.035829.60

1860.785420.133131.77

2774.531930.518620.432347.42

3615.622569.69

3838.043959.252367.00

2861.725876.77

4640.814028.10

2091.57

4191.845121.75

4361.163088.91

5054.257037.75

1 High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristicsinclude all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaidfamily workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.

2 High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers;manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low corre-lation characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons un-employed for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.

153


The average of the 2 quarters is 11,400,000.

Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and usethe formula for sx to compute an approximate standard er-ror for the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimatefor a single month.

Sx = ^(-0.000125300X11,400,000)2 + (3139.26X11,400,000) = 140,000

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table

1-H (column labeled "Change in quarterly averages" androw labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data otherthan agricultural employment and unemployment, Black").This gives an approximate standard error of 118,000 on theestimated change of 400,000 from one quarter to the next.

The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;therefore, one could conclude from these data that the changein quarterly averages is significant.

Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors forlevels, rates, andpercentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, andchange in yearly averages

Characteristic


Total or menWomenBoth sexes, 16 to 19 yearsPart time

Unemployment:

TotalParttime

Labor force and not-in-labor-forcedata other than agriculturalemployment and unemployment:

Total or whiteBlackHispanic originBoth sexes, 16 to 19 yearsParttime

Factor

Year-to yearchange of monthly

estimate

1.301.301.301.40

1.401.40

1.301.301.301.301.40

Quarterlyaverages

0.92.82.78.80

.74

.67

.87

.87

.87

.79

.82

Change inquarterlyaverages

0.70.84.88.80

.88

.88

.85

.84

.80

.88

.90

Yearlyaverages

0.79.57.49.59

.46

.42

.65

.65

.65

.54

.51

Change inyearly

averages

0.70.70.70.70

.65

.54

.70

.70

.70

.70

.60

154


Establishment Data("B" tables)

COLLECTION

BLS cooperates with State employment security agen-cies in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or estab-lishment survey to collect data each month on employment,hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establish-ments (including government). This sample includes about390,000 reporting units. From these data, a large numberof employment, hours, and earnings series in considerableindustry and geographic detail are prepared and publishedeach month. Historical statistics can be found in Employ-ment, Hours, and Earnings, United States, and Employ-ment, Hours, and Earnings, States and Areas. These dataare also available in machine-readable format and on theINTERNET.

Each month, the State agencies collect data on employ-ment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establish-ments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;phone collection is used to obtain higher response ratesfrom selected respondents through computer-assisted in-terviews, touch-tone self-response, and voice recognitiontechnology.

The respondents extract the requested data from theirpayroll records, which must be maintained for a variety oftax and accounting purposes. All firms with 2S0 employ-ees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as wellas a sample of smaller firms.

A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used formail respondents. It is submitted each month by the re-spondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to therespondent for use again the following month

The technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule areparticularly important in maintaining continuity and con-sistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle de-sign automatically exhibits the trends of the reported datacovered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the re-lationship of the current data to the data for the previousmonths is shown. The schedule also has operational advan-tages. For example, accuracy and economy are achievedby entering the identification codes and the address of thereporter only once a year.

All schedules are edited by the State agencies each monthto make sure that the data are correctly reported and that theyare consistent with the data reported by the establishment inearlier months and with the data reported by other establish-ments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readableform, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information pro-vided on the forms to develop State and area estimates ofemployment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are editedagain by computer to detect processing and reporting errorswhich may have been missed in the initial State editing; theedited data are used to prepare national estimates.

It should be noted that for employment, the sum of theState figures will differ from the official U.S. national to-tals because of the effects of differing industrial and geo-graphic stratification and differences in the timing of bench-mark adjustments.

CONCEPTS

Industrial classificationEstablishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classi-

fied into industries on the basis of their principal productor activity determined from information on annual salesvolume. Since January 1980, this information is collectedon a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurancetax reports filed by employers. For an establishment mak-ing more than one product or engaging in more than oneactivity, the entire employment of the establishment is in-cluded under the industry indicated by the principal prod-uct or activity.

All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Na-tion (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States andareas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified inaccordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classifica-tion Manual (SIC), Office of Management and Budget.

Industry employmentEmployment data, except those for the Federal Govern-

ment, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who re-ceived pay for any part of the pay period which includesthe 12th day of the month. For Federal Government estab-lishments, employment figures represent the number ofpersons who occupied positions on the last day of the cal-endar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they per-formed any service during the month.

The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaidvolunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domesticworkers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.Government employment covers only civilian employees;military personnel are excluded. Employees of the CentralIntelligence Agency and the National Security Agency arealso excluded.

Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sickleave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paidholiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of thepay period even though they are unemployed or on strikeduring the rest of the period are counted as employed. Notcounted as employed are persons who are on layoff, onleave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or whowere hired but have not yet reported during the period.

Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of

155


the change in employment over the specified time span.Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes arecalculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment se-ries (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll em-ployment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffu-sion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.

To derive the indexes, each component industry is as-signed a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending onwhether its employment showed a decrease, no change, oran increase, respectively, over the time span. The averagevalue (mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the dif-fusion index number.

The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,the value which indicates that the same number of compo-nent industries had increased as had decreased. Index num-bers above 50 show that more industries had increasingemployment, and values below 50 indicate that more haddecreasing employment. The margin between the percentthat increased and the percent that decreased is equal to thedifference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent meansthat 30 percent more industries had increasing employmentthan had decreasing employment (65-( 100-65) = 30). How-ever, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index num-ber from the 50-percent reference point is the most signifi-cant observation.

Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted asshowing the percent of components that increased over thetime span, it should be remembered that the index reflectshalf of the unchanged components as well. (This is the ef-fect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchangedcomponents when computing the index.)

Industry hours and earningsAverage hours and earnings data are derived from re-

ports of payrolls and hours for production and related work-ers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers inconstruction, and nonsupervisory employees in private ser-vice-producing industries.

Production and related workers. This category includesworking supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (in-cluding group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating,processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, han-dling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling,maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product de-velopment, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely as-sociated with the above production operations.

Construction workers. This group includes the followingemployees in the construction division: Working supervi-sors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, help-ers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demo-lition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at thesite of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs

(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performedby members of the construction trades.

Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not abovethe working supervisory level) such as office and clericalworkers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physi-cians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, researchaides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musi-cians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, lineinstallers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and otheremployees at similar occupational levels whose servicesare closely associated with those of the employees listed.

Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-timeproduction, construction, or nonsupervisory workers whoreceived pay for any part of the pay period which includesthe 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported beforedeductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemploy-ment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds,or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses(unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); otherpay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactivepay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or otherpayment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such ashealth and other types of insurance, contributions to retire-ment, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded.

Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay periodwhich includes the 12th of the month for production, con-struction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hourspaid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay isreceived directly from the firm.

Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production orrelated workers for which overtime premiums were paidbecause the hours were in excess of the number of hours ofeither the straight-time workday or the workweek duringthe pay period which included the 12th of the month. Week-end and holiday hours are included only if overtime premi-ums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, haz-ard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paidare excluded.

Average weekly hours. The workweek information relatesto the average hours for which pay was received and isdifferent from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors asunpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, andstoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower thanscheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group aver-ages further reflect changes in the workweek of compo-nent industries.

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggre-gate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the currentmonth's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly fig-

156


ures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregatesare the product of average weekly hours and productionworker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higherlevels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sumof the component aggregates.

Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent thatportion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regu-lar hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. Ifan employee were to work on a paid holiday at regularrates, receiving as total compensation his or her holidaypay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day, noovertime hours would be reported.

Because overtime hours are premium hours by defini-tion, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarilymove in the same direction from month to month. Suchfactors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnovermay not have the same influence on overtime hours as onaverage hours. Diverse trends at the industry group levelalso may be caused by a marked change in hours for a com-ponent industry where little or no overtime was worked inboth the previous and current months.

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a"gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourlyand incentive wage rates but also such variable factors aspremium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changesin output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They alsoreflect shifts in the number of employees between relativelyhigh-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earn-ings in individual establishments. Averages for groups anddivisions further reflect changes in average hourly earn-ings for individual industries.

Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earn-ings are the actual return to the worker for a stated periodof time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit ofwork or time. The earnings series do not measure the levelof total labor costs on the part of the employer since thefollowing are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactiveitems, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxespaid by employers, and earnings for those employees notcovered under production worker, construction worker, ornonsupervisory employee definitions.

Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage pay-ments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC 3721)and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manu-facturing. The same concepts and estimation methods ap-ply to these series as apply to the average hourly earningsseries described above; the one difference between the se-ries is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate thisseries include lump-sum payments made to productionworkers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such pay-ments are excluded from the definition of gross payrollsused to calculate the other average hourly earnings series.

For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761

covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll dataare adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sumpayment. Such payments are generally made once a yearand cover the following 12-month period. In order to spreadthe payment across this time period, a prorated portion ofthe payment is added to the payroll each month. This pro-rated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sum amount to account for persons who received the pay-ment but left before the payment allocation period expired.

Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Averagehourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are com-puted by dividing the total production worker payroll forthe industry group by the sum of total production workerhours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustmentsare made for other premium payment provisions, such asholiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other thantime and one-half.

Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I rail-roads plus Amtrak (excluding switching and terminal com-panies) are based on monthly data summarized in theM-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission andrelate to all employees except executives, officials, and staffassistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing totalcompensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hoursare obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for,reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees.Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying aver-age weekly hours by average hourly earnings.

Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived bymultiplying average weekly hours estimates by averagehourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings areaffected not only by changes in average hourly earningsbut also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthlyvariations in such factors as the proportion of part-timeworkers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover dur-ing the survey period, and absenteeism for which employ-ees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluc-tuate.

Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be af-fected by structural changes in the makeup of the workforce. For example, persistent long-term increases in theproportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many ofthe services industries have reduced average workweeks inthese industries and have affected the average weekly earn-ings series.

Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars andare calculated from the earnings averages for the currentmonth using a deflator derived from the Consumer PriceIndex for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W). The reference year for these series is 1982.

157


ESTIMATING METHODS

The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establish-ment survey estimates of employment are generated throughan annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generatedprimarily from administrative records on employees cov-ered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These an-nual benchmarks, established for March of each year, areprojected forward for each subsequent month based on thetrend of the sample employment, using an estimation pro-cedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample linkrelatives are computed for each of 1,703 basic estimationcells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CESnational estimates, and summed to create aggregate levelemployment estimates.

BenchmarksThe establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks

in order to realign the sample-based employment totals forMarch of each year with the Ul-based population countsfor March. These population counts are much less timelythan sample-based estimates; however, they provide anannual point-in-time census for employment.

Population counts are derived from the administrativefile of employees covered by UI. All employers covered byUI laws are required to report employment and wage infor-mation to the appropriate State employment security agencyfour times a year. Approximately 98 percent of in-scopeprivate employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for theremaining 2 percent is constructed from alternate sources,primarily records from the Interstate Commerce Commis-sion and the Social Security Administration. The full bench-mark developed for March replaces the March sample-basedestimate for each basic cell. The monthly sample-basedestimates for the year preceding and the year following thebenchmark are also then subject to revision.

Monthly estimates for the year preceding the Marchbenchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.The difference between the final benchmark level and thepreviously published March sample estimate is calculatedand spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedgeis linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is addedto the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January esti-mates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates whichreceive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumesthat the total estimation error since the last benchmark ac-cumulated at a steady rate throughout the current bench-mark year.

Estimates for the 11 months following the March bench-mark are also recalculated each year. These post-bench-mark estimates reflect the application of sample-basedmonthly changes to new benchmark levels for March, andthe recomputation of bias adjustment factors for each month.Bias factors are updated to take into account the most re-cent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly

sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.Following the revision of basic employment estimates,

all other derivative series (e.g., production workers, aver-age hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonaladjustment factors are calculated and all data series for theprevious 5 years are reseasonally adjusted, prior to full pub-lication of all revised data in June of each year.

Monthly estimationEstimates are derived from a sample of approximately

390,000 business establishments nationwide. A currentmonth's estimate is derived as the product of the previousmonth's estimate and a sample link relative for the currentmonth. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this re-sult primarily to help account for new business births dur-ing the month.

Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,703 basic es-timation cells for purposes of computing national employ-ment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined pri-marily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for amajority of cells. In a few industries, mostly within theconstruction division, geographic stratification is also used.Industry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Stan-dard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most estima-tion cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.

This detailed stratification pattern allows for the produc-tion and publication of estimates in considerable industrydetail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important be-cause major statistics which the survey measures, particu-larly employment change and average earnings, often varysignificantly between establishments of different size. Strati-fication reduces the variance of the published industry levelestimates.

Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the cur-rent month's employment is computed from a sample ofestablishments reporting for both months—this ratio iscalled a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link relativeis computed and applied to the previous month's employ-ment estimate to derive the current month's estimate. Thusa March benchmark is moved forward to the next Marchbenchmark through application of monthly link relatives.Basic cell estimates created through the link relative tech-nique are aggregated to form published industry level esti-mates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basicestimation and aggregation methods for the hours and earn-ings data are also shown in table 2-A.

Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed atthe 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basiccell level, as part of the standard estimation procedures.The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a pri-mary source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inabil-ity to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated bynew firm births. There is a several month lag between an

158


Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings

Employment, hours,and earnings

All employees

Production or nonsupervisory work-ers, women employees


Average weekly overtime hours



All employees, women employees,and production or nonsupervisoryworkers


Average weekly overtime hours



Basic estimating cell (industry, region,size or region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (divisionand, where stratified, industry)

Monthly data

All-employee estimate for previous month multi-plied by ratio of all employees in current monthto all employees in previous month, for sampleestablishments which reported for both months.1

All-employee estimate for current month multi-plied by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisoryworkers to all employees in sample establish-ments for current month, (2) estimated ratio ofwomen to all employees.2

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours di-vided by number of production or nonsupervisoryworkers.2

Production worker overtime hours divided bynumber of production workers.2

Total production or nonsupervisory worker pay-roll divided by total production or nonsupervisoryworker hours.2

Product of average weekly hours and averagehourly earnings.

Sum of all-employee estimates for componentcells.

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker es-timates, or estimates of women employees, forcomponent cells.

Average, weighted by production ornonsupervisory worker employment, of the av-erage weekly hours for component cells.

Average, weighted by production worker em-ployment, of the average weekly overtime hoursfor component cells.

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of theaverage hourly earnings for component cells.


Annual average data

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours (production ornonsupervisory worker employment multiplied byaverage weekly hours) divided by annual sum ofemployment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (pro-duction worker employment multiplied by aver-age weekly overtime hours) divided by annualsum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of pro-duction or nonsupervisory worker employment byweekly hours and hourly earnings) divided byannual aggregate hours.


Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours for productionor nonsupervisory workers divided by annualsum of employment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for pro-duction workers divided by annual sum of em-ployment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided byannual aggregate hours.


1 The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product bybias adjustments factors, which compensate for theunderrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sourcesof bias in the sample.

2 The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, aver-age weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earn-

ings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensatefor changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary charac-ter of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantageof continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the sametime, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latestsample average.

159


establishment opening for business and its appearing onthe UI universe frame and being available for sampling.Because new firms generate a portion of employmentgrowth each month of the year, nonsampling methods mustbe used to capture this growth, otherwise substantial underestimation of total employment levels would occur. For-mal bias adjustment procedures have been used by the es-tablishment survey since the late 1960's. Prior to the 1983benchmark, bias adjustments were derived from a simplemean error model, which averaged undercount errors forthe previous 3 years to arrive at bias projections for thecoming year. The undercount errors were measured as thedifference between sample-based estimate results andbenchmark levels.

This procedure eventually proved inadequate during pe-riods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the biasadjustment methodology was revised. Research done in theearly 1980's indicated that bias requirements were stronglycorrelated with current employment growth or decline.Based on this research, a revised method was developedwhich incorporated the sample data on employment growthover the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derivedcoefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust themean error model results. This change in methodology pro-vided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regres-sion-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,for the production of national estimates.

The current model still has limitations in its ability toreact to changing economic conditions or changing errorstructure relationships between the sample-based estimatesand the UI universe counts. A principal limitation is theinability to incorporate UI universe counts as they becomeavailable on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lagfrom the reference period. Thus, the current quarterly out-puts from the model are subject to intervention analysis,and adjustments can be made to its results, prior to the es-tablishment of final bias levels for a quarter. Review is doneprimarily in terms of detection of outlier (i.e. abnormallyhigh or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample andbias trends with the most recent quarterly observations ofUI universe counts. The BLS currently has under study im-proved bias models utilizing a Kalman filter technique,which would allow a more formal, structured incorpora-tion of each quarter's UI universe counts in the bias model-ing process.

Although the primary function of bias adjustment is toaccount for employment resulting from new business for-mations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsamplingerror in the survey, because the primary input to the model-ing procedure is total estimation error. Significant amongthese nonsampling error sources is a business death bias.When a sampled firm closes down, most often it simplydoes not respond to the survey that month, rather than re-porting zero employment. Followup with nonrespondentsmay reveal an out-of-business firm, but this information isoften received too late to incorporate into monthly esti-

mates, and the firm is simply treated as a nonrespondentfor that month.

Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the esti-mates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, anda number of other differences between the sample-basedestimates and the population counts, the monthly bias ad-justment levels have no specific economic meaning in andof themselves.

Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1985-95period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"and the average monthly "bias required" with the bench-mark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the aver-age amount of bias which was added each month over thecourse of an interbenchmark period. For example, the biasadded for 1995 is listed as 144,000; this represents the av-erage of bias adjustments made each month over the pe-riod April 1994 through March 1995. Bias required is com-puted retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a givenyear is known. Bias required figures are calculated by tak-ing the difference between a March estimate derived purelyfrom the sample (i.e. a series calculated without bias ad-justment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figureby 12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. Thebias required is thus defined as the amount of bias adjust-ment which would have achieved a zero benchmark error.The difference between the total bias required and the totalbias added is then, by definition, approximately the bench-mark revision amount, for any given year. Also provided inthe table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes.As discussed above, the over-the-year changes indicate cor-relation with the bias added and bias required figures.

THE SAMPLE

DesignThe emphasis in the establishment survey is on produc-

ing timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primarygoal of its design is to sample a sufficiently large segmentof the universe to provide reliable estimates that can bepublished both promptly and regularly. The present sampleallows BLS to produce preliminary total nonfarm employ-ment estimates for each month, including some limited in-dustry detail, within 3 weeks after the reference period,and data in considerably more detail with an additional 1-month lag.

The CES survey, which began over 50 years ago, pre-dates the introduction of probability sampling methods andhas operated as a quota sample since its inception.

The sampling plan used is a form of sampling with prob-ability proportionate to size, known as "sampling propor-tionate to average size of establishment". This is an opti-mum allocation design among strata because sampling vari-ance is proportional to the average size of establishments.The universe of establishment employment is highlyskewed, with a large percentage of total employment con-centrated in relatively few establishments. Because vari-

160


ance on a population total estimate is a function of percent-age universe coverage achieved by the sample, it is effi-cient to sample larger establishments at a higher rate thansmaller establishments, assuming the cost per sample unitis fairly constant across size classes.

Under the survey design, large establishments fall into acertainty strata for sample selection. The size of the samplefor the various industries is determined empirically on thebasis of experience and cost considerations. For example,in a manufacturing industry with a high proportion of totalemployment concentrated in a small number of establish-ments, a larger percent of total employment is included inthe sample. Consequently, the sample design for such in-dustries provides for a complete census of the large estab-lishments, with a relatively few chosen from among thesmaller establishments. For an industry in which a largeproportion of total employment is concentrated in small es-tablishments, the sample design again calls for inclusion ofall large establishments but also for a more substantial num-ber of smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and ser-vices divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample toa size which can be handled by available resources, it isnecessary to have a sample design for these industries witha smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is thecase for most manufacturing industries.

CoverageThe establishment survey is the largest monthly sam-

pling operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-Cshows the latest benchmark employment levels and theapproximate proportion of total universe employment cov-erage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division lev-els. The coverage for individual industries within the divi-sions may vary from the proportions shown.

ReliabilityThe establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is

subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling er-ror. The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directlyrelated to the size of the sample and the percentage of uni-verse coverage achieved by the sample. The establishmentsurvey sample covers over one-third of total universe em-ployment; this yields a very small variance on the total non-farm estimates. Measurements of error associated withsample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.

Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The sumof sampling and nonsampling error can be considered totalsurvey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publishsampling error as their only measure of error, the CES canderive an annual approximation of total error, on a laggedbasis, because of the availability of the independently de-rived universe data. While the benchmark error is used as ameasure of total error for the CES survey estimate, techni-cally, it actually represents the difference between two in-dependent estimates derived from separate survey processes(i.e., the CES sample process and the UI universe process)and thus reflects the errors present in each program. His-torically, the benchmark revision has been very small fortotal nonfarm employment. Over the past decade, percent-age benchmark error has averaged 0.2 percent, with a rangefrom zero to 0.7 percent. Table 2-D shows the most currentbenchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean revisionsand mean absolute revisions for major industries. Mean re-visions give an indication of bias in the estimates; unbiasedestimates have a mean revision close to zero, as over andunder estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute re-visions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy of the

Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries, March 1985-95(In thousands)

Year

19851986198719881989

199019911992199319941995

Benchmark

Employment1

79,44681,20483,17386,18089,015

90,54688,79088,34789,79092,73096,175

Revision2

-131-400

21-310

-93

-261-583-130288688511

Average monthly bias

Added3

15214998

114131

85613383

115144

Required4

1411169988

123

631222

107171187

Over-the-yearemployment

change5

3,0751,7581,9693,0072,835

1,531-1,756

-4431,4432,9403,445

1 Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annualbenchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 98 per-cent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insuranceadministrative records, and the remaining 2 percent is from alternatesources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.

2 Difference between the final March sample-based estimate andthe benchmark level for total private employment.

3 The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the

course of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior yearthrough March of the given year.

4 The difference between the March benchmark and the March es-timate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, con-verted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.

5 March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment be-

cause there is no bias adjustment for this sector.

161


estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate wasfrom the final benchmark level.

Estimated standard errors for employment, hours, and earn-ings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic esti-mating cells do not have universe data sources availableand therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions, al-though the broader groupings may be affected slightly bychanges in employment weights. Like the employment es-timates, the hours and earnings estimates are also subjectto sampling and nonsampling errors. Estimates of the sam-pling error for employment, hours, and earnings were com-puted using the method of random groups and are expressedas relative standard errors (standard error divided by theestimate). Relative standard errors for individual industrieswith the specified number of employees are presented intable 2-E and for major industries in table 2-F. Multiplyingthe relative standard error by its estimated value gives theestimate of the standard error. The errors presented hereare based on averages observed from sample data over theMarch 1994 through March 199S period.

Standard errors for differences between industries and times.The standard error of a difference is required to test forsignificant differences between estimates from two differ-ent industries. Since the estimates for the two industriesare independent, the standard error of a difference is thesquare root of the sum of the estimated variance of eachestimate, ^ 2and S2

2.

S difference

The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month tomonth, so monthly estimates are not independent. The co-variance between these estimates must be accounted forwhen testing the significance of the change in estimatesover time. The standard error of the change can be esti-mated as follows.

+ s\ - 2yas,s2S change =

If Si = S2, then:

S change =

Conservative estimates of p after one month are 0.8 foremployment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 foraverage hourly earnings.

If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used toconstruct approximate confidence intervals or range of val-ues that include the true population value. If the process ofselecting a sample from the population were repeated many

times and an estimate and its standard error calculated foreach sample, then approximately 68 percent of the inter-vals from one standard error below the estimate to one stan-dard error above the estimate would include the true popu-lation value.

Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmarkrevision at the major industry division level and below arenoneconomic code changes, which are introduced into theuniverse data in the first quarter of each calendar year.

Approximately one-third of all establishments in the uni-verse are included in the universe program's annual Stan-dard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Cor-rections to individual establishments' SIC and ownershipcodes are made through this process. The refiling cycle issuch that every third year entire division(s) are subject torefiling. The volume of these adjustments is generally quitelarge and has a substantial impact on universe employmentcounts at the industry levels, although the total nonfarmemployment level remains unaffected. For example, in ayear when the services division is refiled, a substantial

Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverageof BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1995


Industry

Total

MiningConstructionManufacturingTransportation andpublic utilities

Wholesale trade..Retail tradeFinance, insurance,and real estate...

ServicesGovernment:

FederalStateLocal

Bench-marks

115,849

5764,748

18,460

6,0666,316

20,627

6,77032,612

2,8224,777

12,075

Sample coverage1

Number ofestablish-

ments

329,162

3,60526,68059,882

217,11126,17765,892

24,69979,479

(3)6,122

19,515

Employees

Number

44,856

247950

9,261

2,4041,1445,043

2,2068,275

2,8224,0138,491

Percentof

bench-marks

39

432050

401824

3325

1008470

Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not allestablishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earn-ings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment es-timates.

2 The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete countof employment for Class I railroads plus Amtrak. A small sample isused to estimate hours and earnings data.

3 Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in nationalestimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Manage-ment. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as wellas State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on asample of 5,586 reports covering about 58 percent of employment inFederal establishments.

162


Table 2-D. Current (March 1995) and historical benchmark revisions(Numbers in thousands)

Industry

March 1995benchmark revision

Level

542

511

-19

10

-231

-75-4010

-46

55

53

69

-3-413

1511-10

39346

-7-4

2

-52

10154

-14-11

13

-3

561

-43-18

0-20-121117-2

-12-25-32

5

735518

Percent

0.5

.5

-.1

20

-1.9.9

1.0

-1.6-3.51.5

-1.6

.3

.5

.81.7-.6-.6.4.2.7

3.2-.1

02.23.51.3-.8

-1.0

(2)

-.35.01.51.6

.6-.9

-1.1.7.3

-2.8

.6

-.7-.5

0-4.7-.76.52.2

-13.3-2.9-1.1-2.4

.5

1.21.5.7

10-year averagemean percent revision1

Actual

0

0

-0.3

-1.4-2.4

-.9-1.7

-.4

-.8-.62

-1.1

-.1

0

-.2.3.1

-.40

-.1-.4-.2-.7-.51.11.6.9

-.20

-.2

-.2-.6

0-.2.1

-.5-.2-.3.2

-.7

0

-.2-.4-.7.5

-.20

-.80

-1.2.1.2

-.1

-.4-.6-.2

Absolute

0.3

.4

.8

1.82.81.92.51.6

1.42.41.91.6

.7

.7

1.71.1.8

1.01.5.9

1.22.41.11.81.11.61.31.81.5

.7

.94.7

.81.3.7.9.8

1.81.52.6

.3

.91.31.2221.54.01.94.52.9

.81.3.7

1.31.61.0

Total

Total private

Goods-producing

MiningMetal miningCoalminingOil and gas extractionNonmetallic minerals, except fuels

ConstructionGeneral building contractorsHeavy construction, except building ,Special trade contractors

Manufacturing

Durable goods

Lumber and wood productsFurniture and fixtures ,Stone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industries

Blast furnaces and basic steel products ....Fabricated metal productsIndustrial machinery and equipment

Computer and office equipmentElectronic and other electrical equipment

Electronic components and accessories ...Transportation equipment



Nondurable goods

Food and kindred productsTobacco productsTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and miscellaneous plastics productsLeather and leather products

Service-producing


Railroad transportationLocal and interurban passenger transitTrucking and warehousingWater transportationTransportation by airPipelines, except natural gasTransportation services

Communications and public utilitiesCommunicationsElectric, gas, and sanitary services



163


Table 2-D. Current (March 1995) and historical benchmark revisions—Continued(Numbers in thousands)

Industry

March 1995benchmark revision

Level

32717

120110

7-20-632-3

13341

-120-79-31-25-9

-25-25

-8-16

-54

-9-36

293-4424

1349

584928-714

-96-32-2814-1

-3713-9906142

5-272371192

3100

412220

-10-3424

Percent

1.62.04.74.9

2-.9-.6

2.9-.31.91.6

-1.8-2.4-1.5-1.7-3.2-5.5

-12.6-1.5-7.1

-.2.3

-1.3-2.7

.9-.82.6

.32.01.02.52.32.7-.7

4.0-20.0

-2.5-.3.9

-.1-1.02.1

-1.04.32.67.3

.8-2.73.41.41.41.24.7

.200.9

1.1.7

-.1-.5.5

10-year averagemean percent revision1

Actual

.4

.52.22.8-.4

-1.2-.41.1-.7.6.2

-.3-.7

-1.1-.5

-4.7.5.7.1

-1.8.4.7

-.2-.5

.12.4

.7

.5

.3

.91.41.7

-1.1-1.1-1.3-1.9

.5-.8

-1.4-.9-.71.0-.21.3-.6

-2.70

1.52.6

.5-1.02.3-.5

000.3.6.1

-.1-.2

0

Absolute

.71.62.73.5

.91.21.11.61.21.2

.9

1.11.21.5.8

6.92.05.41.34.71.21.51.81.6

.62.61.51.51.71.93.93.32.81.54.84.63.0

.92.01.1.8

2.91.43.11.95.01.72.83.21.61.93.51.4

.300.6.9.6.3.4.4

Retail tradeBuilding materials and garden suppliesGeneral merchandise stores

Department storesFood storesAutomotive dealers and service stations

New and used car dealersApparel and accessory storesFurniture and home furnishings storesEating and drinking placesMiscellaneous retail establishments


Depository institutionsCommercial banksSavings institutions3

Nondepository institutionsMortgage bankers and brokers

Security and commodity brokersHolding and other investment offices

InsuranceInsurance carriersInsurance agents, brokers, and service

Real estate

Services4



Help supply services3

Computer and data processing servicesAuto repair, services, and parkingMiscellaneous repair servicesMotion picturesAmusement and recreation servicesHealth services

Offices and clinics of medical doctorsNursing and personal care facilitiesHospitalsHome health care services3

Legal services ,Educational servicesSocial services


Museums and botanical and zoological gardensMembership organizationsEngineering and management services3

Engineering and architectural servicesManagement and public relations3

Services, nee

GovernmentFederal




1 Data relate to the 1985-94 benchmarks, as originally published,unless otherwise noted.

2 Less than 0.05 percent.

3 Data relate to 1989-95.4 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

164


Table 2-E. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,hours, and earnings(In percent)

Size of employmentestimate

50,000100,000...200,000...500,000...1,000,0002,000,000.

Employment

1.41.1.8.6.4.3

Averageweeklyhours

1.91.51.2.9.7.6

Averagehourly

earnings

3.22.62.21.71.31.1

1 Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March1994-March1995.

Table 2-F. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,hours, and earnings by industry

(In percent)

Industry

Total privateMiningConstructionManufacturing



Wholesale tradeRetail tradeFinance, insurance,and real estate

Services

Employment

0.1.8.4.1.1.1

.3

.2

.1

.2

.2

Averageweeklyhours

0.1.6.1.1.1.1

.5

.2

.1

.2

.2

Averagehourly

earnings

0.21.1

.3

.4

.5

.5

1.0.4.3

.7

.4

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March1994-March 1995.

amount of employment is usually reclassified out of ser-vices to other major divisions, thus, lowering the bench-mark level for services, and potentially causing a signifi-cant downward revision in the services employment totalspreviously published.

Revisions between preliminary and final data. First pre-liminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings,based on less than the total sample, are published immedi-ately following the reference month. Final revised sample-

based estimates are published 2 months later when nearlyall the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-Gpresents the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, andthe mean absolute percent revision that may be expectedbetween the preliminary and final employment estimates.

Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimatesare normally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weeklyhours and 1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total privatenonfarm level, and may be slightly larger for the more de-tailed industry groupings.

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS

(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)As explained earlier, State agencies in cooperation with

BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours,and earnings data. These statistics are based on the sameestablishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses thefull CES sample to produce monthly national employmentestimates, while each State agency uses its portion of thesample to independently develop a State employment esti-mate.

The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Defi-nitions for all areas are published each year in the issue ofEmployment and Earnings that contains State and area an-nual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in defini-tions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detailmay be obtained from the State agencies listed on the in-side back cover of each issue.

Caution in aggregating State data. The national estima-tion procedures used by BLS are designed to produce ac-curate national data by detailed industry; correspondinglythe State estimation procedures are designed to produceaccurate data for each individual State. State estimates arenot forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Becauseeach State series is subject to larger sampling andnonsampling errors than the national series, summing themcumulates individual State level errors and can cause dis-tortions at an aggregate level. This has been a particularproblem at turning points in the U.S. economy, when themajority of the individual State errors tend to be in thesame direction. Due to these statistical limitations, theBureau does not compile or publish a "sum-of-States" em-ployment series. Additionally, BLS cautions users that sucha series is subject to a relatively large and volatile errorstructure, particularly at turning points.

165


Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates

Industry Root-mean-square erroroff monthly level1

Mean percent revision

Actual Absolute

Total

Total private

Goods-producing

MiningMetal miningCoal miningOil and gas extractionNonmetallic minerals, except fuels

ConstructionGeneral building contractorsHeavy construction, except buildingSpecial trade contractors

Manufacturing

Durable goods

Lumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industries

Blast furnaces and basic steel products....Fabricated metal productsIndustrial machinery and equipment

Computer and office equipmentElectronic and other electrical equipment

Electronic components and accessories....Transportation equipment



Nondurable goods

Food and kindred productsTobacco productsTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and miscellaneous plastics productsLeather and leather products

Service-producing


Railroad transportationLocal and interurban passenger transitTrucking and warehousingWater transportationTransportation by airPipelines, except natural gasTransportation services

Communications and public utilitiesCommunicationsElectric, gas, and sanitary services


65,200

54,300

15,500

2,200400900

2,200400

9,6004,2003,9006,200

11,000

7,500

1,3001,3001,2001,8001,5002,1002,5001,2002,4001,3004,0003,6001,4002,0001,300

5,900

3,400400

1,3002,5001,2001,8001,7001,0001,700

700

60,400

8,9007,7002,4003,9005,2002,0002,400

2001,2004,8004,5001,900

7,4003,9005,000

0

0

-0.10

-.1-.10

.1

.1

.1

.1

.1000

-.1000.100.1000

-.100.10.1

-.1-.100

-.1-.1-.2-.1-.10

-.1-.4-.1000

.10.1

0.1.3.5.5.4.3

.2

.3

.4

.2

.1

.1

.2

.2

.2

.4

.1

.1

.3

.1

.2

.2

.3

.2

.2

.3

.2

.7

.1

.2

.1

.1

.1

.4

.1

.5

.1

.2

.7

.6

.2

.9

.3

.8

.3

.2

.2

.2

.1

.1

.1


166


Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued

Industry Root-mean-square errorof monthly level1

Mean percent revision

Actual Absolute

Retail tradeBuilding materials and garden suppliesGeneral merchandise stores

Department storesFood storesAutomotive dealers and service stations

New and used car dealersApparel and accessory storesFurniture and home furnishings storesEating and drinking placesMiscellaneous retail establishments


Depository institutionsCommercial banksSavings institutions

Nondepository institutionsMortgage bankers and brokers

Security and commodity brokersHolding and other investment offices

InsuranceInsurance carriersInsurance agents, brokers, and service

Real estate

Services2



Help supply servicesComputer and data processing services

Auto repair, services, and parkingMiscellaneous repair servicesMotion picturesAmusement and recreation servicesHealth services

Offices and clinics of medical doctorsNursing and personal care facilitiesHospitalsHome health care services

Legal servicesEducational servicesSocial services


Museums and botanical and zoological gardensMembership organizationsEngineering and management services

Engineering and architectural servicesManagement and public relations

Services, nee

GovernmentFederal




34,3002,500

16,20015,2006,3002,9001,3005,9004,000

13,0008,600

6,8004,1003,0002,5001,2001,4001,0001,0001,7003,1002,7001,0003,000

30,9003,2006,1008,700

13,0003,000

10,5009,8002,4001,9001,2005,900

12,6005,2002,9002,0003,0001,6001,100

12,5007,9004,2001,400

7003,9004,5002,3002,600

400

27,70011,60010,70012,70011,5006,000

21,20018,00013,500

.10.1.10

-.1-.1.20.1.1

00

-.1-.10000

-.100.10

0.1.1

-.1.10.2.100

-.1-.1.40.100.100.1.30.1000.1.1

.1

.1

.1000.1.10

.1

.2

.5

.5

.1

.1

.1

.4

.3

.2

.3

.1

.1

.1

.1

.2

.2

.4

.2

.5

.1

.1

.1

.2

.1

.5

.3

.5

.2

.3

.4

.4

.2

.2

.3

.9

.8

.1

.1

.1

.1

.3

.1

.6

.3

.6

.2

.7

.2

.1

.2

.3

.8

.1

.3

.4

.2

.5

.2

.1

.2

.2

1 The root-mean-square error is the square root of the meansquared error. The mean squared error is the square of the differ-ence between the final and preliminary estimates averaged acrossa series of monthly observations.

2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1991through December 1995.

167


Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data("C" tables)

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM

Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered underFederal assistance programs are developed by State employ-ment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperativeprogram. The local unemployment estimates which derivefrom standardized procedures developed by BLS are thebasis for determining eligibility of an area for benefitsunder Federal programs such as the Job Training Partner-ship Act.

Annual average data for the States and over 270 areasshown in table C-3 are published in Employment and Earn-ings (usually the May issue). For regions, States, selectedmetropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average dataclassified by selected demographic, social, and economiccharacteristics are published in the BLS bulletin, GeographicProfile of Employment and Unemployment.

Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other smallareas have been prepared for administration of various Fed-eral economic assistance programs and may be ordered fromthe Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Print-ing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemploy-ment in States and Local Areas" is published monthlythrough GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on asubscription basis.

ESTIMATING METHODS

Monthly labor force, employment, and unemploymentestimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of Co-lumbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400 LMA's,counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 or more.The estimation methods are described below for States (andthe District of Columbia) and for sub-State areas. At thesub-LMA (county and city) level, estimates are preparedusing disaggregation techniques based on decennial andannual population estimates and current unemployment in-surance data. A more detailed description of the estimationprocedure is contained in the BLS document, Manual forDeveloping Local Area Unemployment Statistics.

Estimates for States

Current monthly estimates. Effective January 1996, civil-ian labor force and unemployment estimates for all Statesand the District of Columbia are produced using modelsbased on a "signal-plus-noise" approach. The model of thesignal is a time series model of the true labor force whichconsists of three components: A variable coefficient

regression, a flexible trend, and a flexible seasonal compo-nent. The regression techniques are based on historical andcurrent relationships found within each State's economy asreflected in the different sources of data that are availablefor each State—the Current Population Survey (CPS), theCurrent Employment Statistics (CES) survey, and the un-employment insurance (UI) system. The noise componentof the models explicitly accounts for auto correlation in theCPS sampling error and changes in the average magnitudeof the error. In addition, the models can identify and re-move the effects of outliers in the historical CPS series.While all the State models have important components incommon, they differ somewhat from one another to betterreflect individual State characteristics.

Two models—one for the employment-to-population ratioand one for the unemployment rate—are used for each State.The employment-to-population ratio, rather than theemployment level, and the unemployment rate, rather thanthe unemployment level, are estimated primarily becausethese ratios are usually more meaningful for economicanalysis.

The employment-to-population ratio models use the re-lationship between the State's monthly employment fromthe CES and the CPS. The models also include trend andseasonal components to account for movements in the CPSnot captured by the CES series. The seasonal componentaccounts for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by theCES, while the trend component adjusts for long-run sys-tematic differences between the two series.

The unemployment rate models use the relationship be-tween the State's monthly unemployment insurance (UI)claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along withtrend and seasonal components.

In both the employment-to-population ratio and unem-ployment rate models, an important feature is the use of atechnique that allows the equations to adjust automaticallyto structural changes that occur. The regression portion ofthe model includes a built-in tuning mechanism, known asthe Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients whenthe new data that become available each month indicatethat changes in the data relationships have taken place. Oncethe estimates are developed from the models, levels are cal-culated for employment, unemployment, and labor force.

Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthlyestimates for all States and the District of Columbia areadjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual averageCPS estimates. The benchmarking technique employs a pro-cedure (called the Denton method) which adjusts the an-nual average of the models to equal the CPS annual aver-

168


age, while preserving, as much as possible, the originalmonthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.

Estimates for sub-State areasMonthly labor force, employment, and unemployment

estimates for two large sub-State areas —New York Cityand the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area—areobtained using the same modeling approach as for states.Estimates for the nearly 2,400 remaining LMA's, are pre-pared through indirect estimation techniques, describedbelow.

Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilianemployment estimates are based largely on CES data. These"place-of-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to placeof residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting fromplace of work to place of residence have been developed onthe basis of employment relationships at the time of the1990 decennial census. These factors are applied to the CESestimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employ-ment estimates, to which are added estimates for employ-ment not represented in the CES—agricultural employees,nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers,and private household workers.

Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,

the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the esti-mates for each of two categories: (1) Persons who were pre-viously employed in industries covered by State UI laws;and (2) those who were entering the civilian labor force forthe first time or reentering after a period of separation.

Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employ-ment and unemployment are prepared for the State and allLMA's within the State. The LMA estimates geographicallyexhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment isapplied to all sub-State preliminary LMA estimates to en-sure that they add to the independently estimated State to-tals for employment and unemployment. For California andNew York, the proportional adjustment is applied to allLMA's other than the two modeled areas, to ensure that theLMA estimates sum to an independent model-based esti-mate for the balance of State.

Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-Stateestimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changesin the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employ-ment figures, corrections in UI claims counts, and updatedhistorical relationships. The updated estimates are then re-adjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimatesof employment and unemployment.

169


Seasonal Adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's laborforce, the levels of employment and unemployment, andother measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluc-tuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,and the opening and closing of schools. Because these sea-sonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated byadjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjust-ments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other non-seasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes ina seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that sea-sonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on pastexperience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broadermargin of possible error than the original data on which theyare based, because they are subject not only to sampling andother errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of theseasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted se-ries for selected labor force and establishment-based dataare published monthly in Employment and Earnings.

Household dataSince January 1980, national labor force data have been

seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which wasdeveloped at Statistics Canada as an extension of the stan-dard X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedureappears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Methodby Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E, January 1983.

BLS uses an extension of X-ll ARIMA to allow it to ad-just more adequately for the effects of the presence or ab-sence of religious holidays in the April survey referenceperiod and of Labor Day in the September reference period.This extension was applied for the first time at the end of1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which testedas having significant and well-defined effects in their Aprildata associated with the timing of Easter.

At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonaladjustment factors are calculated for use during the Janu-ary-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculates andpublishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonaladjustment factors for use in the second half, based on theexperience through June. Revisions of historical data, usu-ally for the most recent 5 years, are made only at the begin-ning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the revi-sions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 censuspopulation counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series inearly 1982 were carried back to 1970. In 1994, data wererevised only for that year because of the major redesign and

1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for theestimated undercount, introduced into the Current Popula-tion Survey. In 1996, 1990-93 data also were revised toincorporate these 1990 census-based population controls andseasonally adjusted series were revised back to 1990.

All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as wellas the major employment and unemployment estimates, arecomputed by aggregating independently adjusted series. Forexample, for each of the three major labor force compo-nents—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employ-ment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are sepa-rately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added toderive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally ad-justed figure for the labor force is a sum of eight seasonallyadjusted civilian employment components and four season-ally adjusted unemployment components. The total for un-employment is the sum of the four unemployment compo-nents, and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing theresulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate ofthe labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjust-ment of various series, components will not necessarily addto totals.

In each January issue (March issue in 1996), Employmentand Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted data forselected labor force series based on the experience throughDecember, new seasonal adjustment factors to be used tocalculate the civilian unemployment estimate for the first 6months of the following year, and a description of the cur-rent seasonal adjustment procedure.

Establishment dataBeginning in June 1996, with the release of the March

1995 benchmark revisions, BLS utilizes X-12 ARIMA soft-ware developed by the Bureau of the Census to seasonallyadjust national establishment-based employment, hours, andearnings series. The X-12 ARIMA replaces the X-11 ARIMA,which had been used to adjust these series since the early1980's. All national establishment-based series were revisedback to 1988.

The conversion to X-12 ARIMA allows BLS to refine itsseasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey inter-val variations, sometime referred to as the 4-vs. 5-week ef-fect. While the CES survey is referenced to a consistent con-cept, the pay period including the 12th day of the month,inconsistencies arise because there are variations of 4 or 5weeks between the week of the 12th in any given pair ofmonths. In highly seasonal months and industries, this varia-tion can be an important determinant of the magnitude ofseasonal hires or layoffs that have occurred at the time the

170


survey is taken, thereby complicating seasonal adjustment.The interval effect adjustment is accomplished through theREGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) optionin the X-12 software. This process combines standard re-gression analysis, which measures correlations between twoor more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describesand predicts the behavior of a data series based on its ownpast history. In this application, the correlations of interestare those between employment levels in individual calendarmonths and the length of the survey intervals for thosemonths. The REGARIMA models estimate and remove thevariation in employment levels attributable to 11 separatesurvey intervals, one specified for each month, except March.March is excluded because there are always 4 weeksbetween the February and March surveys.

Projected seasonal factors for the establishment-basedseries are calculated and published twice a year, parallelingthe procedure used for the household series. Revisions tohistorical data are made once a year, coincident with bench-mark revisions. All series are seasonally adjusted usingmultiplicative models in X-12; additive models are not con-sidered. Seasonal adjustment factors are computed and ap-plied at component levels. For employment series, these aregenerally the 2-digit SIC levels. Seasonally adjusted totalsare arithmetic aggregations for employment series andweighted averages of the seasonally adjusted data for hoursand earnings series.

Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the prod-uct of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and sea-sonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weekly earn-ings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtainedby dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted,by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index for UrbanWage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and multiply-ing by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonallyadjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours,seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory work-ers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1982 annualaverage base. For total private, total goods-producing, totalprivate service-producing, and major industry divisions, theindexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, areobtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours, season-ally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries anddividing by the 1982 annual average base.

Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a numberof series characterized by small seasonal components rela-tive to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. Thesefailed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series, however,are used in the aggregation to broader level seasonallyadjusted series.

Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Governmentemployment are derived from unadjusted data which includeChristmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Ser-vice. The number of temporary census workers for thedecennial census, however, are removed prior to the calcu-

lation of seasonal adjustment factors.BLS also makes special adjustments for floating holidays

for the establishment-based series on average weekly hoursand manufacturing overtime hours. From 1988 forward, theseadjustments are now accomplished as part of the X-12ARIMA/REGARIMA modeling process rather than throughthe previously used moving-holiday extension of X-llARIMA. The special adjustment made in November eachyear to adjust for the effect of poll workers in the local gov-ernment employment series also is incorporated into the X-12 process from 1988 forward; this replaces the X-llARIMA-based procedure previously used to account for thiseffect.

Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-basedseries based on the experience through March 1996, newseasonal adjustment factors for March-October 1996, and adescription of the current seasonal adjustment procedureappear in the June 1996 issue of Employment and Earnings.Revised factors for the September 1996-April 1997 periodwill appear in the December issue.

Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of sea-sonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by ma-jor industry for all States and the District of Columbia (tableB-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly to theemployment estimates at the division level (component se-ries for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated to theState totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors and his-torical revisions are made coincident with the annual bench-mark adjustments. State estimation procedures are designedto produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally adjusted) datafor each individual State. BLS independently develops anational employment series; State estimates are not forcedto sum to national totals. Because each State series is sub-ject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors than the na-tional series, summing them cumulates individual State levelerrors and can cause significant distortions at an aggregatelevel. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS does not com-pile a "sum-of-States" employment series, and cautions us-ers that such a series is subject to a relatively large and vola-tile error structure.

Region and State labor force dataBeginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of sea-

sonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions anddivisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia (tablesC-l and C-2). Using the X-ll ARIMA procedure, seasonaladjustment factors are computed and applied independentlyto the component employment and unemployment levels andthen aggregated to regional or State totals. Current seasonaladjustment factors are produced for 6-month periods twicea year. Historical revisions usually are made at the begin-ning of each calendar year. Because of the separate pro-cessing procedures, totals for the Nation, as a whole, differfrom the results obtained by aggregating regional or Statedata.

171



A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age


Employment status andrace

Total

July1995

July1996

Men, 20 years andover

July1995

July1996

Women, 20 years andover

July1995

July1996

Both sexes, 16 to 19years

July1995

July1996

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population .Civilian labor force




Not in labor force

White





Not in labor force

Black





Not in labor force

198,615134,440

67.7126,548

3,810122,738

7,8925.9

64,175

166,931113,747

68.1108,096

3,508104,588

5,6515.0

53,184

23,24915,062

64.813,280

11513,1651,78211.8

8,187

200,641136,272

67.9128,579

3,862124,717

7,6935.6

64,369

168,345114,808

68.2109,338

3,651105,686

5,4704.8

53,537

23,61115,590

66.013,785

12613,6591,80511.6

8,022

87,81867,610

77.064,5332,485

62,0473,077

4.620,208

74,87957,975

77.455,7052,235

53,4702,270

3.916,903

9,2926,70772.2

6,089104

5,9856189.2

2,584

88,61468,639

77.565,618

2,52963,0903,020

4.419,975

75,45458,789

77.956,5842,366

54,2182,205

3.816,664

9,4206,876

73.06,233

1126,121

6439.3

2,544

96,26557,149

59.454,050

85553,1943,100

5.439,116

80,57447,748

59.345,506

82144,685

2,2424.7

32,826

11,6847,09960.8

6,4096

6,4036909.7

4,585

97,06457,933

59.754,880

91353,9683,052

5.339,132

81,04647,926

59.145,779

87944,900

2,1484.5

33,120

11,8357,46963.1

6,7418

6,7337279.7

4,366

14,5319,68166.6

7,965469

7,4961,71517.7

4,850

11,4798,02369.9

6,885452

6,4331,13814.2

3,455

2,2731,25555.2781

577747437.8

1,018

14,9639,701

64.88,080

4207,6601,620

16.75,262

11,8458,092

68.36,975

4066,5691,117

13.83,753

2,3571,24552.8810

680443534.9

1,112

20




(In thousands)

State1995


1996

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June"

Services







396.060.9

519.7235.2

3,722.8537.0467.3

95.2264.7

2,053.6837.7

164.7109.0

1,573.1632.7342.4289.3392.4475.9147.4691.3

1,019.11,112.8

644.1228.6686.1

96.6210.8345.2151.3

1,077.3

193.32,531.7

758.081.1

1,386.0342.9361.7

1,599.8144.2362.0

87.6635.1

2,114.5237.3

79.4871.6620.3182.3629.1

47.2

398.161.2

521.4237.3

3,736.2543.3468.0

96.4269.0

2,065.1841.3

164.4108.9

1,587.1630.4340.9288.7390.7473.2147.4694.2

1,024.11,104.8

648.0229.8688.0

96.5211.9350.3154.2

1,083.8

190.52,535.2

768.081.3

1,387.1341.9366.1

1,599.6144.9366.0

87.7637.7

2,109.8238.9

78.5871.8621.6182.8631.047.6

400.261.3

522.7238.2

3,753.8543.9469.2

97.2266.4

2,080.2849.9

164.3109.5

1,587.9634.0342.3291.0391.6475.4148.0694.8

1,027.41,113.6

649.6232.8687.1

96.9213.4353.7155.0

1,090.3

192.22,540.7

769.181.6

1,396.8345.2370.2

1,599.7145.8367.9

87.8638.4

2,126.3242.1

78.3873.8626.1183.5633.747.9

400.861.5

523.7240.2

3,781.7545.9469.5

97.4267.2

2,093.6850.6

164.2110.2

1,590.3633.9341.7291.1392.6477.5148.9694.7

1,032.41,115.8

650.4233.5688.7

97.1212.7354.4154.3

1,091.5

I

193.72,547.5

770.581.7

1,400.5346.7371.9

1,599.7146.1368.4

88.4644.5

2,137.8244.1

79.0874.8628.2183.7635.8

48.0

401.261.2

523.3240.0

3,781.3548.0469.1

96.6265.5

2,094.0855.0

165.1110.9

1,590.5637.5346.5293.0395.3477.7149.2693.9

1,035.21,126.0

649.8234.3689.8

97.6211.2354.9154.1

1,093.5

195.52,554.8

770.582.2

1,404.7350.5373.4

1,601.9146.6368.0

89.3646.4

2,150.8245.0

79.7883.5630.5185.4636.948.5

402.561.3

529.2240.8

3,795.1550.1468.7

97.3265.0

2,100.7860.5

164.9111.3

1,594.9638.2348.2294.1396.2478.3149.6693.5

1,037.31,129.3

652.9234.4692.597.7

210.9355.3155.5

1,095.7

197.32,560.1

770.882.5

1,407.9353.6374.1

1,600.7147.5370.4

89.6650.1

2,163.6245.8i

80.0!

886.6631.6185.6|638.5!

47.81

403.361.3

530.1241.9

3,803.3552.3469.198.3

265.22,111.4

864.5

164.9111.6

1,597.8637.8348.9294.9399.0476.1150.4692.1

1,040.21,134.5

652.4236.5695.4

98.0212.0355.7155.9

1,099.1

197.92,567.6

772.082.8

1,413.0356.7376.5

1,601.1148.1371.5

90.3653.0

2,177.7247.8

80.5890.0632.1187.3640.648.0

402.160.9

536.3241.7

3,819.9551.7467.5

97.7262.4

2,103.5861.2

164.1112.4

1,602.5639.7350.3292.5399.3479.6149.5690.3

1,044.01,134.7

652.6236.4690.697.5

210.7357.8153.5

1,091.3

200.62,558.2

765.982.7

1,411.8357.6386.9

1,580.5149.2372.6

90.5651.4

2,172.1248.6

81.2883.2632.5186.1641.4

48.3

403.061.0

540.7242.3

3,833.1552.4470.899.6

265.42,110.0

871.2

165.7113.1

1,605.3639.5350.3293.4401.3478.7150.3696.7

1,045.91,142.5

656.9238.5694.599.1

213.5360.2155.3

1,101.4

201.42,580.5

776.183.1

1,416.7357.9385.2

1,598.6149.8374.3

90.9650.0

2,181.8249.180.9

894.9636.5187.4641.9

48.6

405.061.5

542.1242.6

3,848.8555.6470.2

99.7265.8

2,109.2876.8

165.3114.1

1,609.3639.0353.7294.7402.2480.2150.3698.6

1,050.71,148.3

660.4241.4698.0

99.0214.3361.9154.6

1,106.7

202.02,592.6

779.883.4

1,423.4358.5387.0

1,605.6150.2375.9

91.4654.4

2,198.1248.8

80.9900.8640.8187.8643.7

48.5

404.762.0

544.6241.2

3,862.2559.1470.5

99.8265.2

2,119.5880.7

164.7116.6

1,612.0637.3352.4293.6403.0478.8149.9699.0

1,050.71,149.5

659.9240.7697.599.5

217.3364.2156.5

1,109.0

201.82,593.8

779.483.6

1,420.4357.7388.4

1,607.5149.0378.0

91.1652.6

2,210.0251.981.4

894.5643.2187.9642.148.6

406.662.1

545.6242.2

3,880.4563.0473.6100.9264.7

2,133.2888.4

165.7118.0

1,618.0639.3353.4294.1404.4478.5149.9698.4

1,053.81,160.3

664.0241.7701.1101.0217.7365.2156.7

1,113.5

203.42,599.8

781.784.8

1,424.3358.9390.6

1,610.7150.0379.3

91.5653.0

2,224.8254.380.6

897.5646.2188.3645.1

48.2

408.562.9

548.6243.5

3,897.9562.3474.8100.5266.8

2,144.4893.8

165.5118.8

1,615.3637.4358.2294.4408.7478.4150.1700.3

1,054.91,165.8

240.3704.3102.2217.6370.2156.8

1,118.6

205.12,600.1

783.184.9

1,428.5359.3393.0

1,607.9150.0381.2

91.6655.3

2,235.5257.0

81.0903.2649.9189.6645.648.2

56
