Employee Participation FIN

8/9/2019 Employee Participation FIN

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14-C, VASUNDHARA GHAZIABAD (U.P.)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certi! th"t #ro$ect tit%e& “A STUDY ON THECONCEPT OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT IN ANORGANIZATION A CASE STUDY ON….” is 'o"ie& or*c"rrie& o+t '! s Vi#r"%i R"stoi, &o r Ai% /+0"r R"stoii #"rti"% +%i%%0et o the re+ire0et or the ""r& o the

&eree o AST2R 3 BUSIN2SS ADINISTRATI3N ro0U.P.T2CHNICA5 UNIV2RSIT6,5UC/N37.

Prof. Nikhil Gr!

"DEAN #IM$


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14-C, VASUNDHARA GHAZIABAD (U.P.)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certi! th"t #ro$ect tit%e& “A STUDY ON THECONCEPT OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT IN ANORGANIZATION A CASE STUDY ON….” is 'o"ie& or*c"rrie& o+t '! s Vi#r"%i R"stoi, &o r Ai% /+0"r R"stoii #"rti"% +%i%%0et o the re+ire0et or the ""r& o the

&eree o AST2R 3 BUSIN2SS ADINISTRATI3N ro0U.P.T2CHNICA5 UNIV2RSIT6, 5UC/N37.

Prof. Alok S%&'!i

"HOD(Mrk)%i'! D)*%$


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O+#ECTIVES OF STUDY

The coce#t o or*ers8 #"rtici#"tio i 0""e0et (7P)

is " 'ro"& "& co0#%e9 oe. De#e&i o the socio-

#o%itic"% e:iro0et "& c+%t+r"% co&itios, the sco#e "&

cotets o #"rtici#"tio 0"! ch"e. I "! c"se, "

co00o thre"& r+i thro+h "%% iter#ret"tios is the i&e"

o "ssoci"ti e0#%o!ees i 0""eri"% &ecisios-0"*i.

The :ie e9#resse& '! The Iter"tio"% Istit+te or 5"' o+r

St+&ies (B+%%eti ;) is orth +oti here. 7P h"s 'ee

&eie& "s,


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• A 0e"s or "chie:i i&+stri"% #e"ce "& h"r0o!

hich %e"&s to hiher #ro&+cti:it! "& icre"se&

#ro&+ctio.

• A h+0"it"ri" "ct, e%e:"ti the st"t+s o " or*er i

the societ! @

• A i&eo%oic"% "! o &e:e%o#i se%-0""e0et

"& #ro0oti i&+stri"% &e0ocr"c!

The 0"$or o'$ecti:es o the sche0es o or*ers8

#"rtici#"tio "re?

• To i0#ro:e the +"%it! o or*i %ie '! "%%oi

the or*ers re"ter i%+ece "& i:o%:e0et ior* "& the s"tis"ctio o't"ie& ro0 or*@

• To sec+re the 0+t+"% coo#er"tio o e0#%o!ees

"& e0#%o!ers i "chie:i i&+stri"% #e"ce

@re"ter eiciec! "& #ro&+cti:it! i the iterest o

the eter#rise, the or*ers, the cos+0ers "&

"tio.


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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION


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PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT PROFI,E

The i0#ort"ce o he%#i %e"&ers e9#%ore #"rtici#"ti:e

0""e0et 'ec"0e "##"ret "s the "0o+t o co+sio

o the s+'$ect icre"se&. P"rtici#"ti:e ""e0et Proi%e

i%%s the ee& to h":e " i:etor! th"t ot o%! c%e"rs +# the

"0'i+ities '+t #ro:i&es si0#%e, str"ihtor"r& se%

"ssess0et "& ee&'"c*.

B+i%&i o the #re:io+s rese"rch, e chose to cre"te the

P"rtici#"ti:e ""e0et Proi%e (PP) "s " 0o&e%-'"se&

"ssess0et r"ther th" +se e0#iric"%%! '"se& sc"%i. I

other or&s, e '+i%t " 0o&e% '"se& o the rese"rch "&

&eter0ie& sc"%es +si the 0o&e% r"ther th" +si

st"tistic"% ""%!ses. The 0o&e% th"t PP i0#%e0ets is

or0"ti:e@ it s#eciies th"t +&er cert"i co&itios there is "

oe 'est "! &ecisio-0"*i 0o&e. The PP

icor#or"tes h"t e see "s the i:e 0"$or "s#ects o "

3#ti0i=e&, &ecisio-0"*i #rocess.

A%tho+h the istr+0et #ro:i&es " st!%e #roi%e, e 'e%ie:e

th"t st!%e is %ess i0#ort"t th" c%e"r thi*i "'o+t

&ecisios "& sesiti:it! to the ee&s o ro+# 0e0'ers.

The &"er i oc+si o st!%e is th"t the %e"&er i%% see


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hisher #roi%e "s " set o ier#rits th"t "re &iic+%t to

ch"e. 7e 'e%ie:e th"t " %e"&er c" +se "! 0etho& o

&ecisio 0"*i e%% or '"&%!, "& the &ierece co0es ro0

hisher ""%!sis o sit+"tios "& *o%e&e o #ro'"'%e

ro+# 0e0'er re"ctios. The PP e0#h"si=es

eecti:eess o:er st!%e.

DEVE,OPMENT

The &e:e%o#0et o the PP cetere& o eh"ci the

"ier (1) 0o&e% "& riti ite0s th"t i%%+str"te& the

co&itios +&er hich :"rio+s 0o&es o &ecisio 0"*i

ere i&ic"te&. 7e ic%+&e& EF co00o or* sit+"tios th"t

ere ot restricte& to '+siess or or-#roit settis - oes

ith hich 0ost res#o&ets o+%& 'e "'%e to i&eti!. The

ite0s ere ritte to the 0o&e%, i:e ite0s #er &ecisio-

0"*i 0o&e. The istr+0et "s the co0#%ete& '!

cre"ti " e"s! scori s!ste0, iter#reti:e 0"teri"%, "&

" o##ort+it! or &oi so0e "ctio #%"i.

I e"ch o the EF sit+"tios re#resete& '! the PP, there

"re c+es to hich the res#o&ets re"ct i &eci&i ho to

&eci&e. Not e:er! sit+"tio cot"is "sers to "%% i:e o the

+estios ro0 the P"rtici#"ti:e ""e0et Tree.

3:erri&i cosi&er"tios i so0e o the sit+"tios 0"*e it

+ecess"r! to ic%+&e co0#%ete ior0"tio. The ite0s

sho+%& ot 'e tho+ht o "s 0ii"t+re c"se st+&ies.


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ADMINISTRATING THE PMP

The PP is " istr+0et ite&e& or +se ith

or"i="tio"% %e"&ers "t "%% %e:e%s. The EF t!#ic"% or*

sit+"tios #ro:i&e& ch"re the %e"&er ith &eci&i ho to

&eci&e. The res#o&et i&ic"tes oe o o+r 0o&es o

&ecisio 0"*i, "& " #roi%e is costr+cte& th"t s+ests

the #ersos streths "& e"*esses i &eter0ii

hether "& ho to i:o%:e others i &ecisio 0"*i. The

istr+0et 0e"s+res the e9tet to hich " %e"&er o#ti0i=es

co00it0et to i0#%e0eti the &ecisio o the #"rt o the

or* ro+#.

The res#o&ets re"& e"ch o the EF sit+"tios "& &eci&e

hich &ecisio-0"*i 0etho& (Cos+%t"tio, Co00"&,

Coses+s, or Co:eiece) is "##ro#ri"te or th"t sit+"tio.

The! circ%e their choices o the res#ose or0 i their

'oo*%et. The PP t"*es "'o+t 1;-EF 0i+tes to co0#%ete

"& 1F 0i+tes to score.


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- Co'&)'&/& D)0i&io' Mki'! A0%i1i%i)&

Gro+# coses+s is " coce#t th"t is ote #re"che& '+t

r"re%! #r"ctice&. S*i%% B+i%&ers? 4F Coses+s Decisio

"*i Acti:ities is " i:"%+"'%e reso+rce th"t i%% he%# !o+r

te"0s t+r this coce#t ito re"%it!.

3r"i=e& "ccor&i to the Gro+# Coses+s o&e%, this

co%%ectio #ro:i&es !o+ ith the "'i%it! to se%ect the "cti:ities

th"t "re $+st riht

or !o+r ro+#s8 s#eciic tr"ii ee&s. The %e9i'%e or0"t

"%%os !o+ to?

•

Assess !o+r ro+#s8 &ecisio 0"*i"'i%ities.

• T"ret s#eciic &e:e%o#0et"% ee&s.

• Cre"te c+sto0 tr"ii "ro+& "ct+"% or*

e9#erieces.

S*i%% '+i%&ers? 4F Coses+s Decisio "*i Acti:ities is "

ic%+&es?

• Re#ro&+ci'%e #"rtici#"t h"&o+ts

• Det"i%e& #re#"r"tio, "&0iistr"tio, "&

&e'riei ior0"tio


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• Disc+ssio +estios "& s+estios or

:"r!i the "cti:ities

• 2"s!-to-o%%o "ci%it"tor +i&e%ies

• H"&! reerece t"'%e or #i#oiti the

'est "cti:ities or !o+r tr"ii ee&s

This "cti:it! co%%ectio sho+%& 'e #"rt o e:er! tr"ier8s

%i'r"r!. 7ith S*i%% '+i%&ers? 4F Coses+s Decisio "*i

Acti:ities, !o+r ro+#s i%% 'eco0e 0ore #ro&+cti:e, 0"*ehiher +"%it! &ecisios, "& re"ch the re"test #oteti"% o

their &ecisio-0"*i "'i%ities.

I +se& the "rs S+r"ce Ro:er (5e"&ershi# 2&itio) "cti:it!

ith e #roessio"%s "& +##er c%"ss st+&ets ho

s+#er:ise st+&et resi&eti"% "&:isors i the co%%ees

resi&ece h"%%s. 7here so ote these s+#er:isors see te"0

#ro'%e0s "s the "+%t o the i&i:i&+"% te"0 0e0'ers, the

"rs S+r"ce Ro:er "cti:it! o#ee& the0 +# to the

#ossi'i%it! th"t their st!%e o %e"&ershi# 0iht "%so 'e %i0iti

te"0 eecti:eess. The "cti:it! #ro:i&es e"s!-to-+&erst"&

ter0io%o! "'o+t %e"&ershi# st!%es "s e%% "s " o##ort+it!

or #"rtici#"ts to re%ect o their o st!%es i " o-

thre"tei "!.


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Mr& S/rf0) Ro1)r

"ci%it"ti:e %e"&ershi# h"s 'eco0e " i0#ort"t orce i the

0o:e to te"0-'"se& or"i="tios. B+t 'eore tr"&itio"%

%e"&ers c" ch"e, the! ee& to *o h"t "ci%it"ti:e

%e"&ershi# is "& ho it &iers ro0 h"t the! h":e 'ee

#r"ctici i the #"st. This "0e - the orii"%, ""r&-

ii "rs S+r"ce Ro:er - is " re"t tr"ii too% or

te"chi "ci%it"ti:e %e"&ershi# s*i%%s.

F0ili%%i1) ,)2)r&3

• Cocetr"te o te"chi r"ther th" &irecti others

• oc+s o he%#i others %e"r "& &e:e%o#

• Pro:i&e +i&"ce he " ro+# is str+%i or ee&s

&irectio

• 5e"& '! "s*i +estios r"ther th" i:i or&ers

• ""e iter"ctios 'etee ro+#s to #ro:i&e their

ro+# ith the 'est or* e:iro0et

,)r'i'! O/%0o4)&3

• 29#eriece the coce#t "& 'eeits o "ci%it"ti:e

%e"&ershi#


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• 5e"r ho " "ci%it"ti:e %e"&ershi# st!%e eer"tes "

te"0 "t0os#here

• Disco:er the &r"'"c*s o tr"&itio"% ("+tocr"tic) or

#"ssi:e (+i:o%:e&) st!%es o %e"&ershi#

• U&erst"& the i0#ort"t '"%"ce 'etee too 0+ch

"& too %itt%e "+thorit!

Th)or5

The he"rt o the "rs S+r"ce Ro:er 5e"&ershi# 2&itio is

o+& i its ro%es, &esie& to s#eciic"%%! &e0ostr"te the

t!#ic"% %e"&ershi# "##ro"ches. These ro%es "re '"se& o the

HRD RJD Te"0s rese"rch "& e9#eriece ith %e"&ers

tr!i to 0"*e the tr"sitio to " 0ore "ci%it"ti:e st!%e. The

"ci%it"ti:e %e"&er ro%e "%%os #"rtici#"ts to &e0ostr"te the

'eh":iors "ssoci"te& iththe #reerre& %e"&ershi# s*i%%s

hih%ihte& i B+rress Te"0 5e"&er S+r:e!. These s*i%%s

ic%+&e?

• Co00+ic"tio

• Thi*i S*i%%s

•

A&0iistr"tio• I%+ece S*i%%s

• Iter#erso"% S*i%%s

• Ch"e ""e0et


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Ho6 I% 7ork&

Three te"0s "re "ssie& the t"s* o '+i%&i " #rotot!#e

:ehic%e or err!i "stro"+ts "cross the s+r"ce o "rs.

Usi #ri:"te istr+ctios, te"0 %e"&ers %e"& their te"0s

#"ssi:e%!, tr"&itio"%%!, or "ci%it"ti:e. At the e& o the "0e,

te"0s r"ce their iishe& :ehic%es. The "stest, 0ost

eiciet%! '+i%t ro:er 0ost ote 'e%os to the te"0 ith the

"ci%it"ti:e %e"&erK

U&)& for Mr& S/rf0) Ro1)r ,)2)r&hi* E2i%io'

"rs S+r"ce Ro:er 5e"&ershi# 2&itio is eecti:e he

+se& "s " st"&-"%oe "cti:it! "s e%% "s " co0#oet o "

%"rer tr"ii #ror"0. Use "rs to?

• He%# e %e"&ers icor#or"te "ci%it"ti:e %e"&ershi#

ito their &e:e%o#i st!%e

• Re-tr"i tr"&itio"% %e"&ers

•

Assist 0""ers ho o:ersee se:er"% te"0s or coor&i"te te"0s


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7h% %o Or2)r8Pro2/0% Co'%)'%&

2"ch Co0#%ete G"0e ic%+&es 0"teri"%s to si0+%t"eo+s%!

tr"i te"0s o ; #"rtici#"ts. A%% #"rts e9ce#t or the

P"rtici#"t G+i&es "re re+s"'%e. P"rtici#"t G+i&e Rei%% ;-

P"c*s "re "%so ":"i%"'%e or i&i:i&+"% #+rch"se.

or %"rer ro+#s, or&er oe 29tr" G"0e P"c* or e"ch

"&&itio"% te"0 o ; #"rtici#"ts.

3+r C+sto0er Ser:ice Te"0 is ":"i%"'%e to "ssist !o+ ith

&eter0ii !o+r tr"ii 0"teri"% ee&s.

Co0#%ete 5e"&ershi# G"0e ic%+&es?

• 'o9es o re+s"'%e #"rts ('"tteries ic%+&e&)

• "ci%it"tor G+i&e

• 1; P"rtici#"t G+i&es

• sto#"tches

• 4 c"%c+%"tors

• 1 t"'%et o F #rice sheets

• 1 set o re+s"'%e %e"&er ro%es

•

Co:eiet tote


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29tr" G"0e P"c* (or oe te"0 o ; #"rtici#"ts)?

• 1 'o9 o re+s"'%e #"rts ('"tteries ic%+&e&)

• ; P"rtici#"t G+i&es

• Sto#"tch

• C"%c+%"tor

• 1 set o e"ch %e"&er ro%e

5e"&ershi# 2&itio "ci%it"tor G+i&e e"t+res (ic%+&e& i

the Co0#%ete Te"0 "& De%+9e G"0es)?

• A&0iistr"ti:e +i&e%ies

• Theoretic"% '"c*ro+&

• "ci%it"ti:e 5e"&ershi# o&e%

• 5e"&er Ro%es S+00"r!

• Descri#tio o "ci%it"ti:e %e"&er s*i%%s

• S+este& "ci%it"ti:e Beh":iors

• 3#tio"% tr"ii &esis

• Nor0"ti:e ior0"tio

• Asers to re+et%! "s*e& +estios

• De'riei +estios

• Re#ro&+ci'%e #"rtici#"t h"&o+ts "& tr"s#"rec!

0"sters

Co0#%ete De%+9e G"0e ic%+&es?

• 'o9es o re+s"'%e #"rts ('"tteries ic%+&e&)

• E "ci%it"tor G+i&es (oe or e"ch :ersio)

• 1; %e"&ershi# e&itio P"rtici#"t G+i&es


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• E1 te"0 e&itio P"rtici#"t G+i&es

• sto#"tches

• 4 c"%c+%"tors

• E t"'%ets o #rice sheets

• screes

• 1L re+s"'%e t"s* sheets

• Set o re+s"'%e %e"&er ro%es

Co:eiet tote De%+9e 5e"&ershi# U#r"&e /itM ic%+&es?

•

Te"0 :ersio "ci%it"tor G+i&e• E1 te"0 :ersio P"rtici#"t G+i&es

• screes

• 1L re+s"'%e t"s* sheets

• 1 t"'%et o #rice sheets


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THE COMPREHENSIVE ,EADER

Ho &o !o+ &e:e%o# %e"&ers ith :isio"r! +"%ities those

ho #ossess *o%e&e o the0se%:es, those the! %e"&,

their or"i="tios, "& the or%&O

The Co0#rehesi:e 5e"&er is " #oer+% too%, 0e"s+ri

the 'eh":iors th"t i&ic"te streth or e"*ess i those 4

*e! "re"s. Thro+h " 4F-ite0 "ssess0et, #"rtici#"ts "ie isihts ito their %e"&ershi# 'eh":ior "& their

+t"##e& #oteti"% "& %e"r ho to #+t :isio"r!

%e"&ershi# ito #r"ctice.

,)r'i'! O/%0o4)&

• 5e"r the coce#t o :isio"r! %e"&ershi#

• I&eti! streths o str"teic "& :isio"r! %e"&ershi#

• G"i isiht o ho others #ercei:e %e"&ershi#

'eh":ior


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Th)or5

The Co0#rehesi:e 5e"&er is '"se& o e9tesi:e rese"rch

o the re%e:"t %iter"t+re o %e"&ershi#. The o+&"tio o the

o&e% o Co0#rehesi:e 5e"&ershi# is "cti:e *o%e&e

*o%e&e th"t is i cost"t &e:e%o#0et "& cosistet%!

#ro:i&es the '"sis or %e"&ershi# 'eh":ior. The o&e% o

Co0#rehesi:e 5e"&ershi# c"#t+res the &i0esios o

%e"&ershi# *o%e&e ecess"r! or :isio"r! %e"&ershi#.

The %e"&ershi# &i0esios o the 0o&e% "re &e#icte& i "

series o cocetric circ%es to co:e! the &istict !et

icre"si%! e9#"si:e "t+re o e"ch ie%& o *o%e&e.

The *e! to :isio"r! %e"&ershi# rests i e9#"&i

*o%e&e i "%% &i0esios "& "cti o th"t *o%e&e.

Ho6 I% 7ork&

The "ssess0et #resets 4F st"te0ets #ert"ii to

c+rret %e"&ershi# 'eh":ior. Ater scori is co0#%ete,#"rtici#"ts cre"te " #roi%e '! #%otti their s+' scores i the

4 &i0esios o %e"&ershi# o ch"rts. ee&'"c* scores ro0

"ssoci"tes #ro:i&e " si&e-'!-si&e co0#"riso. P"rtici#"ts

the re:ie the 1; #ossi'%e %e"&ershi# #roi%es. i"%%!,


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tho+ht-#ro:o*i +estios eco+r"e i&i:i&+"%s to i&

isiht ro0 the "ssess0et res+%ts "& t"*e "ctio or

i0#ro:e0et.

U&)& for %h) Co4*r)h)'&i1) ,)2)r

A :"riet! o %e"&ers c" 'eeit ro0 the istr+0et,

ic%+&i te"0 or &e#"rt0et %e"&ers, 0i&&%e 0""ers, "&

seior-%e:e% cotri'+tors. As ith "%% HRD "ssess0ets,

The Co0#rehesi:e 5e"&er is eecti:e "s " st"&-"%oe

istr+0et or "s " co0#oet o " %"rer tr"ii iiti"ti:e

%e9i'%e eo+h to 'e +se& "t :"rio+s st"es o " %e"&ershi#

&e:e%o#0et #ror"0.

The istr+0et c" "%so 'e +se& "s " co0#%e0et to other

%e"&ershi# 0o&e%s. I&e"s or '+i%&i 'ri&es 'etee The

o&e% o Co0#rehesi:e 5e"&ershi# "& other #o#+%"r

%e"&ershi# 0o&e%s "re #resete& i the "ci%it"tor G+i&e.


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7h% %o Or2)r8Pro2/0% Co'%)'%&

3r&er oe "ci%it"tor G+i&e #er "ci%it"tor "& oe P"rtici#"t

G+i&e #er #"rtici#"t. To #ro:i&e i&i:i&+"%s ith ee&'"c*,

or&er oe ee&'"c* or0 or +# to ; o the #"rtici#"t8s

e0#%o!ees, #eers, or 0""ers.

"ci%it"tor G+i&e ic%+&es?

• A&0iistr"ti:e +i&e%ies

• The o&e% o Co0#rehesi:e 5e"&ershi#

• Descri#tio o the %e"&ershi# &i0esios

• At-"-%"ce t"'%es hih%ihti the 'eeits o e"ch

&i0esio

• S+este& tr"ii &esi

• Nor0"ti:e &"t"• Re%i"'i%it!

• S+estios or re%"ti the istr+0et to other

%e"&ershi# 0o&e%s

• 3:erhe"& tr"s#"rec! 0"sters

• Re#ro&+ci'%e #"rtici#"t h"&o+ts "& "cti:ities

P"rtici#"t G+i&e ic%+&es?

• 4F-ite0 i:etor!

• Press+re-sesiti:e res#ose or0

• The o&e% o Co0#rehesi:e 5e"&ershi#


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• Descri#tio o the %e"&ershi# &i0esios

• Di"r"0s or ch"rti scores

• Iter#reti:e ior0"tio or e"ch o the 1; #ossi'%e

%e"&ershi# #roi%es

• Re%ectio +estios

• Actio #%"i

ee&'"c* or0 ic%+&es?

4F-ite0 i:etor!.

Press+re-sesiti:e res#ose or0.

The or& #"rtici#"tio8 0e"s sh"ri the &ecisio

0"*i #oer ith the %oer r"*s o the or"i="tio

i " "##ro#ri"te 0"er.P"ritci#"tio h"s " +i+e

0oti:"tio"% #oer "& " re"t #s!cho%oic"% :"%+e. It

#ro0otes h"r0o! "& #e"ce 'etee or*ers "&

0""e0et. 7he or*ers #"rtici#"te i

or"i="tio"% &ecisios, the! "re "'%e to see " 'i

#ict+re c%e"r%! ie, ho their "ctios o+%& cotri'+te to

the o:er"%% roth o the co0#"!. The! c" oer

ee&'"c* i00e&i"te%! '"se& o their e9#erieces "&

i0#ro:e +"%it! o &ecisios siiic"t%!. Sice the!

"re i:o%:e& i &ecisios ro0 the 'eii the! te&

to :ie the &ecisios "s their o8 "& tr! to tr"s%"te


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the rhetoric ito cocrete "ctio #%"s ith the =e"% "&

eth+si"s0. P"rtici#"tio 0"*es the0 0ore

res#osi'%e. The! "re i%%i to test iiti"ti:es "&

co0e o+t ith cost-s":i s+estios "& roth

oriete& i&e"s. The ee%i o 'ei tre"te& "s e+"%s,

orces the0 to re#ose their coi&ece i 0""e0et

"& "cce#t #%"s o r"tio"%i="tio, e9#"sio, etc,

itho+t r"isi serio+s o'$ectios. Sice the! "re

tre"te& ith res#ect o, the! 'ei to :ie the $o'

"& the or"i="tio "s their o "& co00it

the0se%:es to or"i="tio"% "cti:ities ho%ehe"rte&%!.

Bi%"ter"% &ecisios he%# i 'rii o+t r"&ic"% ch"es

i or"i="tios s!ste0s, #%"s "& #roce&+res 0ore

e"si%!. 20#%o!ees &o ot ee% thre"tee& '! s+ch

0o:es, "s the! +&erst"& "& "##reci"te the re"sos

'ehi& s+ch str"teic shits8

The i0#%ic"tios o or*er8s #"rtici#"tio i 0""e0et

h":e 'ee s+00"ri=e& '! Iter"tio"% 5"' o+r

3r"i="tios th+s?

7or*ers h":e i&e"s hich c" 'e +se+%.

U#"r& co00+ic"tio "ci%it"tes so+& &ecisios

0"*i. 7or*ers 0"! "cce#t &ecisios 'etter i

the! #"rtici#"te i the0.

7or*er 0"! or* 0ore ite%%iet%! i the! "re

ior0e& "'o+t the re"sos or "& the itetio o


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&ecisios th"t "re t"*e i " #"rtici#"ti:e

"t0os#here.

7or*ers 0"! or* h"r&er i the! sh"re i &ecisios

th"t "ect the0

7or*er #"rtici#"tio 0"! oster " 0ore coo#er"ti:e

"ttit+&e "0ost or*ers "& 0""e0et th+s

r"isi the eiciec! '! i0#ro:i te"0 s#irit "&

re&+ci the %oss o eiciec! "risi ro0 i&+stri"%

&is#+tes.

7or*ers #"rtici#"tio 0"! "ct "s " s#+r to 0""eri"%eiciec!


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FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The or& #"rtici#"tio8 is " %"0oro+s ter0. 7or*ers

e%co0e it 'ec"+se it eh"ces their st"t+s i the co0#"!.

20#%o!ers +se it to e9hi'it ho #roressi:e8 the! "re.

Uios "t it 'ec"+se it 'ris "'o+t " e #oer e+"tio

'etee %"' o+r "& 0""e0et. Irres#ecti:e o these

'ei iter#ret"tios, #"rtici#"tio is e%co0e& "t "%% %e:e%s,

'ec"+se it h"s " toic eect8 o the #s!cho%o! o "

i&i:i&+"%. The ter0 or*ers8 #"rtici#"tio8 i 0""e0et,

is eer"%%! iter#rete& i o+r &ieret "!s?

i. It is " "! o sh"ri ior0"tio ith or*ers.

""e0et *ee#s the or*ers ior0e& "'o+t

h"t is oi o ithi the or"i="tio. The i"%

&ecisios "re t"*e '! the 0""e0et. 7or*ers

"re "%%oe& to e9#ress their o#iios re"r&i

:"rio+s or"i="tio"% 0"tters.

ii. It is $oit cos+%t"tio #rior to &ecisio-0"*i.

7or*ers "re t"*e ito coi&ece, i:ite& to sh"re

the ior0"tio. P"rtici#"te i &isc+ssios, s+est

"%ter"ti:es to so%:e " iss+e "& e$o! " re"ter

s"! i the &ecisio-0"*i #rocess.


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iii. ere sh"ri o ior0"tio "& i%+eci

&ecisios thro+h &isc+ssios i " %i0ite& "! i%%

ot eh"ce the st"t+s o or*ers, To 'e

0e"i+%, #"rtici#"tio sho+%& 0e" "cti:e

i:o%:e0et o or*ers, here the! "re tre"te& "s

0e0'ers o " &ecisio-0"*i here or*ers "re

or0"%%! i:o%:e& i reso%:i or* re%"te& iss+es .

i:. I the i"% ""%!sis, or*ers8#"rtici#"tio 0"!

i:o%:e or*ers i "%% str"teic #o%ic! "& o#er"tio"%

iss+es, tre"ti the0 "s "cti:e 0e0'ers or e:e

#"rters ith e+"% :oti rihts. 7or*ers8

#"rtici#"tio here i0#%ies se% 0""e0et or se%

cotro%.

hetr"s (1) hi%e re:iei the #roress o $oit

0""e0et co+ci%s o thirtee eter#rises 'e%oi to

&ieret i&+stries s#re"& o:er i eiht st"tes i&etiie&

i:e %e:e%s o #"rtici#"tio.

I'for4%i1) Pr%i0i*%io'3

It reers to sh"ri o ior0"tio ith or*ers re"r&i

ecoo0ic #ositio o the ir0s, st"te o the 0"r*et,


26/130

#ro&+ctio "& s"%es #ror"00e, or* 0etho&s, '"%"ce

sheet, e9#"sio #%"s etc.Here the or*ers h":e o

rihts to scr+tii=e the ior0"tio #ro:i&e& '!

0""e0et.

Co'&/l%%i1) Pr%i0i*%io'3

This i:o%:es " hiher &eree o sh"ri o :ies o the

or*ers "& i:i the0 " ch"ce to e9#ress their :ies

o :"rio+s iss+es coceri or*, or* #%"ce, or*i

co&itios, 0"r*et st"&i, i"ci"% st"t+s, etc. Here the

$oit co+ci% o or*ers "& 0""e0et or*s "s "

"&:isor! 'o&! o%!. ""e0et 0"! or 0"! ot "cce#t

the s+estios.

A&&o0i%i1) Pr%i0i*%io'3

Here the co+ci% is ot #+re%! "&:isor!. The 0""e0et

is +&er " 0or"% o'%i"tio to "cce#t "& i0#%e0et the

+"i0o+s &ecisios o the co+ci%.

A24i'i&%%i1) Pr%i0i*%io'3

Here there "re " re"ter &eree o sh"ri "+thorit! "&

res#osi'i%it! o 0""eri"% or* "& "%%os or*ers "

%itt%e 0ore "+too0! i e9ercisi "&0iistr"ti:e "&


27/130

s+#er:isor! #oers i res#ect o e%"re,

s"et!,'eeits,re"r&s etc.

D)0i&i1) Pr%i0i*%io'3

This is the hihest or0 o #"rtici#"tio here &ecisios

"re t"*e $oit%! o 0"tters re%"ti to #ro&+ctio, s"et!,

e%"re etc.

I :ie o these &ieret :ies it is &iic+%t to &eie the

ter0.It c" o%! 'e &escri'e& "s s!ste0 o co00+ic"tio

"& cos+%t"tio here or*ers "re *e#t ior0e& "'o+t

the ""irs o the +&ert"*i "& thro+h hich the!

e9#ress their o#iios "& cotri'+te to 0""e0et

&ecisios.


28/130

GOVERNMENT PO,ICIES9ADMINISRATION

The #"rtici#"tio o or*ers i 0""e0et i I&i" is ot

" o:e% i&e", i0#orte& ro0 o+tsi&e. "h"t0" G"&hi

"&:oc"te& th"t e0#%o!ees 0+st re"r& the0se%:es "s

tr+stees "& 0"*e %"' o+r 0"ster o the 0e"s o

#ro&+ctio.He isiste& th"t .Sice i&e#e&ece

se:er"% sche0es h":e 'ee or0+%"te& '! the

o:er0et o I&i" to #ro0ote or*er8s #"rtici#"tio i

0""e0et,hich "re &isc+sse& 'e%o.

Mill Co44i%%))&3

Ist"ces o ior0"% $oit cos+%t"tio c" 'e tr"ce& '"c*

to " seco& &ec"&e o the #reset co+tr!,i cotto

te9ti%es i&+str!.The e0#%o!ers i the te9ti%es i&+str!

st"te& $oit cos+%t"tio ith the or*ers,'! est"'%ishi

i% Co00ittees hich ere ot 0ere%! to "scert"i "&

re#reset the rie:"ces o or*ers. B+t the 0""e0et

&i& ot "cce#t the co00ittees "s s#o*es0e o 'eh"% o

the e0eri Tr"&eUio, the e9istece o the! #reerre&


29/130

to iore. Tho+h s+ch cos+%t"tio "s o r+&i0et"r!

t!#e, !et it "s siiic"t "s it "s irst o its *i& i the

co+tr!.

Ro5l Co44i&&io' o' l: o/r '2 7ork)r;&

Pr%i0i*%io' i' M'!)4)'% "$

The Go:er0et o I&i", i I&i", i 1EF costit+te& $oit

co00ittees i their #riti #resses "& r"i%"!s. D+ri

the s"0e #erio& s+ch co00ittees ere or0e& i TATA

Iro "& Stee% Co0#"!, Q"0she+r.At the ist"ce o

"h"t0" Gh"&hi, the or*ers "& e0#%o!ers o the

Te9ti%es 0i%%s i Ahe0&"'"& "ree& i 1EF or 0+t+"%

&isc+ssios "& cos+%t"tio o iss+es "i%i hich the!

ere to 'e reso%:e& '! "r'iter"tio.There "s "

#er0"et Ar'itr"tioBo"r& cosisti o " o0iee e"ch

ro0 the "ssoci"tio o %"'o+r "& e0#%o!ers. A%tho+h

the sco#e o 0+t+"% cos+%t"t"tio i o+r co+tr!.The

Ro!"% Co00issio o 5"'o+r o#ie& th"t the s!ste0 is

"&0ir"'%e i its itetio "& h"s h"& " s+'st"ti"%

0e"s+re o s+ccess.

ro0 1EE o"r&s $oit co00ittees o or*ers "&

0""e0et ere or0e& i Be"%, "&r"s "&

other st"tes. 3e o the e9"0#%es "s the or0"tio

o 7or*ers 7e%"re Co00ittees i B+c*ih"0 "&

C"r"tic i%%s, "&r"s(o i Che"i).The


30/130

co00ittee h"& the o'$ect o sec+ri c%ose cot"ct

ith the or*ers '! &isc+ssios o 0"tters re%"ti to

their or* "& e%"re "& #ro:e& +se+% i

0"it"ii so+& re%"tios 'etee 0""e0et

"& or*ers.

Assi the #eror0"ce o s+ch co00ittees,the Ro!"%

Co00issio o 5"'o+r o'ser:e& th"t so0e co00ittees

h":e 'ee s+ccess+% "& there "re #ro'"'%! e th"t

h":e 'ee &is"##oiti.The re"sos "ssie& '! the

co00issio ere %"c* o c%"rit! ith 0""e0et "&

tr"&e +ios "& the i%%iter"c! o the I&i" or*ers.Hece

,the co00issio reco00e&e& the or0"tio o the or*

co00ittees "& :iee& th"t i the! "re i:e #ro#er

eco+r"e0et "& #"st errors "re ":oi&e&, these

co00ittees "re "%so stresse& the sett%i +# o " $oit

0"chier! or the iter"% sett%e0et o &is#+tes o the

#"tter o the ior0"% cos+%t"ti:e 0"chier! o

Ahe0&"'"& Te9ti%e I&+str!.

D)1)lo*4)'%& 2/ri'!


31/130

s"0e ti0e the I&i" 5"'or Coerece "s he%& to

#ro0ote c%oser ties 'etee the to #"rties o the I&i"

5"'or Coerece i A++st, 14E. The coerece "s

0o&e%e& o the #"tter o the I&i" 5"'or Coerece

"& "s "&:isor! i "t+re.

The N"tio"% P%"i Co00ittee o the I&i" N"tio"%

Coress, "s "r '"c* "s 14F h"& reco00e&e& the

"tio"%i="tio o i&+stries %i*e eieeri "& he":!

e9#%osi:es. A%so the co00ittee h"& s+este& th"t 'oth i

the iterest o i&+str! "& co00+it! it "s &esir"'%e to

"ssoci"te or*ers #roressi:e%! ith cotro% "&

0""e0et. The I&i" e&er"tio o 5"'or "%so

e&orse& the #o%ic! o "tio"%i="tio. Si0i%"r &e0"&s

ere "%so r"ise& '! the A%% I&i" Tr"&e Uio Coress.

Ater "tt"ii I&e#e&ece, I&i" "tte0#te& to itro&+ce

or*ers8 #"rtici#"tio i 0""e0et. 3e o the e"r%iest

"tte0#ts to #ro0ote this "s the e"ct0et o the

I&+stri"% Dis#+tes Act, 14 "& the "ctories Act, 14L,

or the est"'%ish0et o 'i#"rtite co00ittees. Aother t!#e

o sche0e.


32/130

7ork& Co44i%%))& "


33/130

5ihtei

Veti%"tio

Te0#er"t+re

S"it"tio

A0eities %i*e "ter s+##%! or &ri*i #+r#oses

Pro:isio o c"tees

e&ic"% "ci%ities

S"e or*i co&itios

A&0iistr"tio o e%"re +&s

2&+c"tio"% JRecre"tio"% "cti:ities

2co+r"e0et o thrit "& s":is

It sh"%% 'e the &+t! o the or*s co00ittees to #ro0ote

0e"s+res or sec+ri "& #reser:i "0it! "& oo&

re%"tios 'etee the e0#%o!ers "& e0#%o!ees "&

to co00et +#o the 0"tters o their 0"tters o

cocer "& e&"e:o+r to recoci%e "! 0"teri"%

&ierece o o#iio i res#ect o s+ch 0"tters.

20#%o!ee #"rtici#"tio is othi e. It is "s o%& "s

the istit+tio o oers "& or*ers '+t its i0#ort"t

h"s 'ee icre"se& "& h"s 'ee 'ro+ht ito sh"r#

ito oc+s ith the i&+stri"% re:o%+tio "& the "&:et

o %"re eter#rises.

I its 'ro"& sese #"rtici#"ti:e 0""e0et reers to the

costit+tio o cos+%t"ti:e co+ci%s "& co0ities co0#risi


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re#reset"ti:es o e0#%o!ees "& e0#%o!ers, to reco00e&

ste#s or i0#ro:i #ro&+cti:it! ,0"chie +ti%i="tio, $o'

%o"&i @or eecti s":is i #oer, %iht or i&eti!i

%"=! or*ers, s"et!, so o J so orth.

I its 'ro"& sese, e0#%o!ee #"rtici#"tio 0e"s

"ssoci"ti re#reset"ti:es o the or*ers "t e:er! st"e o

&ecisio-0"*i, "s is &oe i or0er 2"st Ger0"! "&

6+os%":i". P"rtici#"ti:e 0""e0et is cosi&ere& "s "

#rocess '! hich the or*ers sh"re i &ecisio 0"*i

e9te&s 'e!o& the &ecisios th"t "re i0#%icit i the s#eciic

cotets o the $o's the! &o. This, i "ct+"% #r"ctice,

"0o+ts to the or*ers h":i " sh"re i the re"chi o

i"% 0""eri"% &ecisios i " eter#rise.

A c%e"r "& 0ore co0#rehesi:e &eiitio is?

7or*ers8 #"rtici#"tio i 0""e0et is s!o!0o+s ith

co-&eter0i"tio- " ter0 #o#+%"r%! +se& i the or0er 2"st


35/130

Ger0"! to &escri'e this #"rtici#"tio. P"rtici#"te&

0""e0et is "%so c"%%e& e0#%o!ee i:o%:e0et.

SCOPE 9 7AYS OF PARTICIPATION

There "re three "!s o 0""eri"% &ecisio hich h":e "

&irect i0#"ct o the or*er o "! i&+stri"% est"'%ish0et.

The! "re soci"%, #erso"% "& ecoo0ic &ecisios.

2coo0ic &ecisios ic%+&e i"ci"% "s#ects- the 0etho&s

o 0"+"ct+ri, "+to0"tio, sh+t-&o, %"!-os, 0erers

"& si0i%"r other +ctios. Perso"% &ecisios reer to

recr+it0et "& se%ectio, #ro0otios, &e0o%itios,

tr"sers, rie:"ce sett%e0et, or* &istri'+tio, "& so o.

Soci"% &ecisios re%"te to ho+rs o or*, e%"re 0e"s+res,

+estios "ecti or* r+%es "& the co&+ct o i&i:i&+"%

or*er8s s"et!, he"%th, s"it"tio "& oise cotro%. The

or*ers 0+st h":e " s"! i the &ecisios o the iss+es

0etioe& "'o:e.

B+t there is " &ierece o o#iio "'o+t the sco#e "& the

e9tet to hich or*ers c" #"rtici#"te i soci"%, #ersoe%

"& ecoo0ic &ecisios. I schoo% o tho+ht is o the

o#iio th"t the or*ers or the tr"&e +ios sho+%&, o #"rit!

'"sis, sit ith the 0""e0et "s e+"% #"rters "& 0"*e


36/130

$oit 0""eri"% &ecisios o "%% 0"tters. The other schoo%

#ro#o+&s the :ie th"t the or*ers sho+%& o%! 'e i:e "

o##ort+it!, thro+h their re#reset"ti:es, to i%+ece

0""eri"% &ecisios "t :"rio+s %e:e%s. The irst :ie co+%&

%e"& to the or*ers8 "ct+"% #"rtici#"tio i the &ecisio-

0"*i

#rocess o the 0""e0et, hi%e the seco& "s#ect i%%

or* o+t to 'e cos+%t"tio o or*ers i 0""eri"%

&ecisios.

• Pr%i0i*%io' % %h) +or2 l)1)l

The Bo"r& o Directors is the "#e9 'o&! i the "&0iistr"tio

o " cor#or"te est"'%ish0et. A re#reset"tio o or*ers o

the Bo"r& o+%&, it is 'e%ie:e&, +sher i i&+stri"%

&e0ocr"c!, es+re i0#ro:e& e0#%o!er-e0#%o!ee re%"tios,

"& +"r"tee 'etter #ro&+cti:it!. The or*ers8

re#reset"ti:e o the Bo"r& c" #%"! " +se+% ro%e i

s"e+"r&i the iterests o or*ers. He or she c" #re:"i%

+#o the to# 0""e0et ot to t"*e 0e"s+res th"t o+%&

'e +#o#+%"r ith the e0#%o!ees. He or she c" +i&e the

Bo"r& 0e0'ers o 0"tters o i:est0et i e0#%o!ee

'eeit sche0es %i*e ho+si "& so orth.


37/130

The Go:er0et o I&i" too* the iiti"ti:e "& itro&+ce& "

sche0e or the "##oit0et o or*ers8 re#reset"ti:es o

the Bo"r&s o ""e0et o #+'%ic sector +&ert"*is. As

" res+%t, the or*ers8 re#reset"ti:es ere "##oite& to the

Bo"r&s o Hi&+st" Ati'iotics, Pi0ri@ Hi&+st" 3r"ic

Che0ic"%s, /o%"'" "& Hi&+st" "chie Too%s,

B""%ore. 7or*ers8 re#reset"ti:es h":e "%so 'ee

"##oite& to the Bo"r&s o "tio"%i=e& '"*s. I the #ri:"te

sector, the T"t"s, DC, "& so0e others h":e or*ers8

&irectors o their Bo"r&s o Directors.

B+t the #"rtici#"tio o or*ers "t the to# %e:e% 0""e0et

is ot itho+t its #ro'%e0s.The Bo"r& o "! eter#rise is

#ri0"ri%! cocere& ith s+ch #ro'%e0s "s r"isi +&s

,the +ti%i="tio o the reso+rses o the co0#"! to

its "&:"t"e, "& es+ri the c"#it"% roth o the

eter#rise. Persoe% 0"tters (i hich the or*ers

re#reset"ti:es "re #ri0"ri%! itereste&),&o ot recei:e e+"%

"ttetio "t the 'o"r& %e:e% .Besi&es 0ost the &ecisios i

hich or*ers "re itereste& "re or0"%%! t"*e "t the %oer

%e:e%s o the 0""e0et.

I these circ+0st"ces, the "##oit0et o or*ers

re#reset"ti:es to the 'o"r& &oes ot s+'st"ti"%%! eh"ce

the ro%e o or*ers i the 0""e0et o " i&+str!.

Seco&, co00+ic"tio 'etee the or*er8s


38/130

re#reset"ti:e "& the or*ers s+ers "ter the or0er

"ss+0es &irectorshi#. His or her :ie#oit "& thi*i "re

o %oer the s"0e "& he or she 0"!, thereore, te& to

'eco0e "%ie"te& ro0 the or*ers .A& or this :er! re"so

he or she 0"! 'e %ess eecti:e ith the other 0e0'ers o

the 'o"r& i &e"%i ith e0#%o!ee 0"tters. C"+ht 'etee

"%ie"tio ro0 the or*ers "& +"cce#t"'i%it! ro0 the

'o"r&, the or*ers-&irector 0"! ot 'e "'%e to #%"! "

costr+cti:e ro%e. Thir&, tho+h the or*er-&irector 0"!

e$o! the st"t+s "& #ri:i%ees o the others 0e0'ers o the

'o"r&, his or her c+%t+re, e&+c"tio, 'eh":ior "& 0"ers

0"! 0"*e hi0 or her ee% ierior to the other 0e0'er "&

he or she 0"! ee% s+oc"te&. I s+ch s+rro+&is his or

her ro%e "s " &irector 0"! ot 'e s"tis!i or the or*ers

"& or the 0""e0et. o+rth, the o0i"tio o oe or

to or*ers re#reset"ti:e o the 'o"r& o 0""e0et

#%"ces the0 i " 0iorit! "& the &ecisio o the 'o"r& "re

"rri:e& "t o the '"sis o the 0"$orit! :ote.


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• Pr%i0i*%io' %hro/!h o6')r&hi*

7or*ers 0"! 'eco0e 0ore "& 0ore i:o%:e& i i&+stries

'! 0"*i the0 sh"reho%&ers o the co0#"!. This 0"! 'e

&oe '! i&+ci the0 to '+! e+it! sh"res. The0""e0et 0"! #ro0ote the sche0e '! "%%oi the

or*ers to 0"*e #"!0ets i ist"%%0ets. It 0"! "%so

"&:"ce %o"s or e:e i:es i"ci"% "ssist"ce to s+ch

or*ers to e"'%e the0 to '+! e+it! sh"res.

Ist"ces o or*ers ho%&i sh"res i their co0#"ies "re

0"!. Si9t!-oe #ercet o sh"res o 3tto I&i", C"%c+tt" "re

he%& '! its e0#%o!ees .ort! #ercet o the sh"res o Seh"%

S"it"r! ittis e"r Q+%%+&+r, h":e 'ee "%%otte& to

or*ers. A si0i%"r e9#eri0et h"s "%so 'ee 0"&e i the

R"$"sth" s#ii "& e":i 0i%%s. Recet%! "other

#ri:"te ir0 i Ro+r*e%" 0"+"ct+ri he":! 0"chie h"s

itro&+ce " sche0e *os "s e0#%o!ees sh"re #"rtici#"tio

%o" sche0e. H+hes Sot"re s!ste0 too h"s " stoc*

o#tio sche0e or its e0#%o!ees, c"%%e& the Ph"to0 Stoc*

A+ctio Sche0e8. The 0etho& i:o%:es oeri sh"res to its

e0#%o!ees. 2:er! !e"r, the sh"res "re re:"%+e& "& #rices


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"re "o+ce&. 20#%o!ees "re i:e " o#tio to re&ee0

their sh"res "t +ote& #rices.

P"rtici#"tio thro+h oershi# h"s the &istict "&:"t"e

o 0"*i the or*er co00itte& to the $o' "& to the

or"i="tio '+t its eect o #"rtici#"tio is %i0ite& 'ec"+se

the oershi# is &ieret ro0 0""e0et i the co0#"!

or0 o oershi#.


41/130


42/130

• Pr%i0i*%io' Thro/!h S%ff or 7ork Co/'0il

St" co+ci%s or or* co+ci%s "re 'o&ies o hich the

re#reset"tio is etire%! o the e0#%o!ees. Their 0"! 'e

oe co+ci% or the etire or"i="tio or " hier"rch! o or*co+ci%s, ro0 the sho#-%oor to the Bo"r& %e:e% .The

0e0'ers o the co+ci%s "re se%ecte& '! the e0#%o!ees o

the res#ecti:e sectios .

The Co+ci%s h":e &ieret +ctios i the 0""e0et o

" eter#rise, r"i ro0 e%iciti ior0"tio o the

0""e0et8s itetios to " +%% sh"re i &ecisio 0"*i.

The! "re " riht ste# i the &irectio o i&+stri"% &e0ocr"c!.

B+t the! "re ot s+ccess+% 'ec"+se o the e"r e9#resse&

'! tr"&e +io %e"&ers th"t, 'ei 0"i%! or*ers8 'o&ies@

st" co+ci%s 0"! ero&e their #oer "& #restie.


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• Pr%i0i*%io' %hro/!h @oi'% Co/'0il& '2

Co44i%%))&

Qoit co+ci%s "re 'o&ies co0#risi re#reset"ti:es o

the e0#%o!ers "& e0#%o!ees. The +ctios o these'o&ies 0"! r"e ro0 &ecisio-0"*i o so0e iss+es,

to 0ere%! "&:isi the 0""e0et "s cos+%t"ti:e

'o&ies.

Bei 0ost%! cos+%t"ti:e 'o&ies ,the $oit co+ci%s

i&ic"te " %oose t!#e o #"rtici#"tio 'ec"+se their

s+estios "re ot 'i&i o the 0""e0et. These

co+ci%s ser:e o +se+% #+r#ose .The! o%! #ro:i&e "

#%"tor0 to e0#%o!ers "& e0#%o!ees ro0 hich the!

0"! i:e ree :et to their co0#%"its "& rie:"ces

itho+t 0"*i "! "tte0#t to i& re0e&ies "&

so%+tios.

7or*s co00ittees h":e 'ee costit+te& i i&+stri"%

est"'%ish0ets e0#%o!i 1FF or 0ore or*ers, "&

these co0#rise re#reset"ti:es o e0#%o!ers "&

e0#%o!ees .The costit+tio o " or* co00ittee is "


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%e"% re+ire0et +&er the #ro:isios o the I&+stri"%

Dis#+tes "ct, 14. The co00ittees &isc+ss " i&e r"e

o to#ics coecte& ith the or*ers e%"re. Cert"i

:o%+t"r! co00ittees, %i*e the e%"re co00ittees, the

s"et! co00ittees, the c"tee co00ittees ,the

iceti:es co00ittee, h":e "%so 'ee costit+te& i 0ost

0"+"ct+ri est"'%ish0ets. There is o ee& or so

0"! co00ittees "& s+' co00ittees ,"& the

eecti:eess o their ro%e i #ro0oti i&+stri"%

&e0ocr"c!,icre"se& #ro&+cti:it! "& re&+ce& %"'o+r

+rest is &o+'t+%.The o#iio o 0ost o the 0""ers

"'o+t the co00ittees is th"t the! h":e o%! " +is"ce

:"%+e.


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• Pr%i0i*%io' %hro/!h 0oll)0%i1) :r!i'i'!

The #rici#%e o co%%ecti:e '"r"ii coers o the

0""e0et "& the or*ers the riht, thro+h co%%ecti:e"ree0et , to %"! &o cert"i r+%es or or0+%"tio "&

ter0i"tio o the cotr"ct o e0#%o!0et, "s e%% "s the

co&itio o ser:ice is " est"'%ish0et .s+ch "ree0et

"re or0"%%! 'i&i o #"rties "& h":e " orce o %"

.Co%%ecti:e B"r"ii c" re"%%! or* e%% i the

'"r"ii #"rties, "0e%! ,the e0#%o!ers "& the

or*ers re#reset"ti:es , 0"*e +se o the o##ort+it! o

the '"r"ii i the riht s#irit "& or " #ositi:e

#+r#ose. B+t, i #r"ctice, hee:er the #"rties et

toether or the #+r#ose o '"r"ii, e"ch tries to t"*e

"&:"t"e o other, ote +si stri*es "& %oc*o+ts "&

other stro "r0 t"ctics. Co%%ecti:e '"r"ii is o

s+'stit+te or or*ers #"rtici#"tio i 0""e0et.

P"rtici#"tio 'ris 'oth the #"rties toether "&

&e:e%o#s "##ro#ri"te 0+t+"% +&erst"&i, "& 'ri

"'o+t " 0"t+re "& res#osi'%e re%"tioshi#. Co%%ecti:e

B"r"ii , o the cot"r! ,is '"se& o the cr+&e


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coce#t o #oer "& its e9ercise or sectio"% '"r"ii

hich 0"! e& +# i 0istr+st, ithho%&i o ior0"tio

"& +se o #oer t"ctics.

• P"rtici#"tio thro+h Qo' 2%"re0et "& Qo'

2rich0et

Qo' e%"re0et 0e"s e9#"&i the $o' cotet- "&&i

t"s* e%e0ets hori=ot"%%!. Qo' erich0et 0e"s th"t

"&&itio"% 0oti:"tors "re "&&e& to the $o' so th"t it is 0orere"r&i. The #+r#ose o $o' e%"re0et "& $o'

erich0et is to re%ie:e the 'ore&o0 o the or*ers hich

%os ro0 e9cessi:e s#eci"%i="tio i 0"ss-#ro&+ctio

i&+stries so th"t the $o' itse% 0"! 'e " so+rce o se%

s"tis"ctio. Qo' e%"re0et "& Qo' erich0et &o

#ro:i&e or or*ers #"rtici#"tio 'ec"+se the! oer ree&o0

"& sco#e to the0 to the0 to +se their $+&0et.

Hoe:er, this or0 o #"rtici#"tio #ro:i&es o%! %i0ite&

ree&o0 to " or*er coceri the 0etho& o #eror0i

hisher $o'. It i%% ot i:e hi0 or her "! s"! i so0e o the

:it"% +estio he or she 0"! 'e itereste& i, s+ch "s $o'

"& ico0e sec+rit!, e%"re sche0es "& other #o%ic!

&ecisios o the co0#"! hich "ect hi0her &irect%!.


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• Pr%i0i*%io' %hro/!h &/!!)&%io' &0h)4)&

20#%o!ees8 :ies o s+ch 0"tters "s 0"chie +ti%i="tio,

"ste 0""e0et eer! coser:"tio "& s"et!

0e"s+res "re i:ite&, "& re"r& is i:e or the 'est

s+estio .This #roce&+re e"'%es the 0""e0et to"ro+se "& 0"it"i the e0#%o!ees8 iterests i the

#ro'%e0s o their cocer "& its 0""e0et.

The s+estio sche0es "re icre"si%! +se& '!

#roressi:e 0""e0et IC3, B""%ore, or ist"ce,

h"s the sche0es i o#er"tio or #"st three &ec"&e8s .The

s+estios %o ro0 :"rio+s %e:e%s, thro+h 0"i%! ro0

the o#er"tors. The i&e"s r"e ro0 ch"es i is#ectio

#roce&+res to &esi ch"es, #rocess si0#%iic"tio, #"#er-

or* re&+ctio, "& the %i*e. The co0#"! recei:es " e

h+&re& s+estios e:er! !e"r. 3 those "cce#te&, the

'eeit to the co0#"! co+%& r"e ro0 0"ri"% to

s+'st"ti"%. The re"r&s to the e0#%o!ees "re

co00es+r"te ith the 'eeits &eri:e& ro0 the

s+estios.


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• Pr%i0i*%io' %hro/!h /li%5 Cir0l)&

A +"%it! circ%e (C) cosists o se:e to te #eo#%e ro0 the

s"0e or* "re" ho 0et re+%"r%! to &eie, ""%!se, "&

so%:e +"%it! "& re%"te& #ro'%e0s i their "re". e0'ershi#

is strict%! :o%+t"r!, "& 0eetis "re +s+"%%! he%& oce "ee*, or " ho+r .D+ri the ro+#s8 iiti"% 0eetis,

0e0'ers "re tr"ie& i #ro'%e0-so%:i techi+es

'orroe& ro0 ro+# D!"0ics, i&+stri"% eieeri "&

+"%it! cotro%. These techi+es ic%+&e 'r"istor0i,

P"reto ""%!sis, c"+se "& eect ""%!sis, histor"0s,

cotro% ch"rts, str"tiic"tio "& sc"tter &i"r"0s.

+"%it! circ%es "re cre&ite& ith #ro&+ci +ic*, cocrete

"& i0#ressi:e res+%ts he correct%! i0#%e0ete&. Their

"&:"t"es ic%+&e the o%%oi@

1. 20#%o!ees "re i:o%:e& i &ecisio 0"*i. This

#ri:i%ee 0"*es the0 "c+ire co00+ic"tio "&

""%!tic"% s*i%%s "& i0#ro:e the eiciec! "t the

or*#%"ce .

E. S":i-to-the costs r"tios eer"%%! "re hih%! "re

hiher th" those "chie:e& ith other #ro&+cti:it!-

i0#ro:e0et #ror"00es.


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. Bec"+se the #ror"00e is :o%+t"r!, e0#%o!ees "&

+ios eer"%%! &o ot :ie the0 "s "other cost-

cotro% eort.

4. Circ%es 0e0'ers eh"ce their ch"ces o #ro0otio

to s+#er:isor! #ositios.

St"rte& irst i Q"#" i their e"r%! 1Fs,Cs h":e s#re"&

"%% o:er the or%& .I o+r co+tr! too, the! "re 'ei

itro&+ce& i se:er"% co0#"ies .BH25 "& B25 "re o%!

to "0es hich co0e to oes 0e0or!.S/,"hi&r" "&

"hi&r" ,A%" 5":"% "& Go&re$"& Bo!cee "re other

"0es hich h":e trie& Cs.


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• E4*o6)r)2 T)4&

7ise %e"&ers *o th"t #oer is " ++s+"% *i& o

c+rrec!. The 0ore !o+ i:e it ""!, the 0ore !o+ e& +#

h":i.

He%# %e"&ers +&erst"& this esseti"% coce#t ith the e

e&itio o the 20#oer0et Proi%e - " i-&e#th istr+0et

th"t #ro:i&es %e"&ers ith " 0e"s+re0et o the &eree to

hich the! #ercei:e the0se%:es to h":e #oer "t or*.

P"rtici#"ts cre"te to #roi%es? oe '"se& o their

"ssess0et o their o e0#oer0et, the seco& #roi%e

'"se& o scores co0#i%e& ro0 the %e"&ers e0#%o!ees

"ssess0ets o their o e0#oer0et. The 4F-ite0

"ssess0et 0e"s+res #erce#tios o e0#oer0et "%o L

&i0esios, ic%+&i "+too0!, c%i0"te, cotro%, "&

i%+ece. Toether, the to ch"rts #ro:i&e " co0#%ete %oo*

"t e0#oer0et i the %e"&ers or* e:iro0et.

The 5e"&er Versio ic%+&es the %e"&ers se%-"ssess0et

"& the #roi%es. B"c*ro+& ior0"tio "& " "ctio

#%"i sectio he%# %e"&ers +&erst"& ho to e0#oer


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the0se%:es "& their e0#%o!ees. The 20#%o!ee Versio

cot"is o%! the e0#%o!ees se%-"ssess0et. It is &esie&

to #ro:i&e %e"&ers ith &"t" o ho e0#oere& their

e0#%o!ees "ct+"%%! ee%.

20#oeri reers to #"ssi o "+thorit! "& res#osi'i%it!

e0#oer0et occ+rs he #oer oes to e0#%o!ee ho

the e9#erieces " sese o oershi# "& cotro% o:er

their $o's.

20#oere& i&i:i&+"%s *o th"t their $o's 'e%o to the0.

Gi:e " s"! o ho 0"! this "re &oe, e0#%o!ees ee%

res#osi'%e, he the! ee% 0ore res#osi'%e the! sho

0ore iiti"ti:e i their or*, et 0ore &oe, "& e$o! or*

0ore.

20#oer0et is "ci%it"te& '! the co0'i"tio o "ctors,

ic%+&i :"%+e, %e"&ershi# "ctios, Qo' str+ct+re, "&

re"r& s!ste0s.

Se% &irecte& te"0s ("other "0e or e0#oere& te"0s)

h":e the o%%oi &istict e"t+res@

The! "re e0#oere& to sh"re :"rio+s 0""e0et

"& %e"&ershi# +ctios

The! #%", cotro% "& i0#ro:e their o or*

#rocess.

The! set their o o"%s "& is#ect their o or*.


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The! ote cre"te their o sche&+%es "& re:ie their

#eror0"ce "s " ro+#.

The! 0"! #re#"re their o '+&ets "& co-or&i"te

their or* ith other &e#"rt0et

The! +s+"%%! or&er 0"teri"%s, *ee# i:etories "&

&e"% ith s+##%iers.

The! "re re+et%! res#osi'%e or "c+iri "! e

tr"ii the! 0iht ee&.

The! 0"! hire their o re#%"ce0et or "ss+0e

res#osi'i%it! or &isci#%ii their o 0e0'ers.

The!, "& ot others o+tsi&e the te"0, t"*e

res#osi'i%it! or the +"%it! o their #ro&+cts or

ser:ices.

20#oere& is c"tchi o "0o I&i" 0""ers.

Co0#"ies "s &i:erse "s Tit",Re%i"ce,ABB,T"t"

Ior0"tio s!ste0(TIS5).G2 P%"stics I&i" "& Phi%i#s "re

e0#oeri e0#%o!ees 'oth rot%ie, "s e%% "s

#ro&+ctio st". 7i#ro Cor#or"tio h"s E s+ch te"0s "&

their +0'ers is e9#ecte& to o +#to 1F.7i#ro IoTech, o

the other h"&, h"s 1F s+ch te"0s "& the #%" is to hi*e


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the0 "ro+& 4; to ;F.At Re%i"ce, &i:isio"% he"&s r+ their

&i:isios %i*e 0""i &irectors r+ their co0#"ies.

• To%l /li%5 M'!)4)'%

Tot"% +"%it! ""e0et (T) reers to the &ee#

co00it0et o " or"i="tio to +"%it!. +"%it! o the

#ro&+cts "& ser:ice is " o'sessio, "& e:er! ste# i the

co0#"!8s #rocesses is s+'$ecte& to itese "& re+%"r scr+ti! or "!s to i0#ro:e it. A%0ost e:er! iss+e is s+'$ect

to e9#%or"tio "& the #rocess is " coti+i oe.

20#%o!ees "re #ro:i&e& ith e9tesi:e tr"ii i #ro'%e0-

so%:i, ro+#-&ecisio-0"*i "& st"tistic"% 0etho&s.

T re#%"ces tr"&itio"% 'e%ies "'o+t +"%it! ith " e set

o #rici#%es. Tr"&itio"% 'e%ies hich "re &isc"r&e& ic%+&e,

Hih +"%it! costs 0ore

Deects c"ot 'e e%i0i"te& co0#%ete%!.

+"%it! c" 'e i0#ro:e& '! is#ectio

+"%it! is the $o' o the +"%it! cotro% #ersoe%.

The e #rici#%es o T "re?

eet the c+sto0er8s re+ire0et o ti0e, the irst

ti0e, "& 1FF o the ti0e.


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Stri:e to &o error ree or*

""e '! #re:etio ot '! correctio.

e"s+re the cost o +"%it!.

T is c%"ssiie& "s " #"rtici#"ti:e 0etho& 'ec"+se e:er!

e0#%o!ee i the or"i="tio is i:o%:e& "& is e9#ecte& tot"*e res#osi'i%it! or i0#ro:i +"%it! e:er! &"!. It is the

or0"% #ror"0 hich i:o%:es &irect #"rtici#"tio '! "%%

e0#%o!ees.

It is o':io+s ro0 the oreoi &isc+ssio th"t the 0etho& o

e0#%o!ees #"rtici#"tio "re :"rio+s. The! :"r! ti0e to ti0e,

co+tr! to co+tr! "& #%"t to #%"t ithi " co+tr!. The

itro&+ctio o the #"rtic+%"r 0etho& o #"rtici#"tio &e#e&s

o the o:er0et o the %"&, the i%%iess "& ch"e o

he"rt o the #"rt o the e0#%o!er to sh"re his or her #oer

ith his or her e0#%o!ee, "& the #re#"re& ess o the

e0#%o!ees to e9ce#t the sh"re o #oer oere& to the0

itho+t s+s#icio or 0istr+st.


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• Fi''0il Pr%i0i*%io'

i"ci"% P"rtici#"tio &iers ro0 other or0s o

e0#%o!ee i:o%:e0et i th"t it is %ess %i*e%! to i:o%:ee0#%o!ees i cos+%t"tio"% or &ecisio"% #rocess. The

eer"% #+r#ose o e0#%o!ee #"rtici#"tio is to eh"ce

e0#%o!ee co00it0et to the or"i="tio '! %i*i the

#eror0"ce o the ir0 to th"t o the e0#%o!ees. Th+s, it

is "r+e th"t the e0#%o!ees is 0ore %i*e%! to 'e #ositi:e%!

0oti:"te& "& i:o%:e& i he or she h"s the i"ci"% st"*e

i the co0#"! '! h":i the sh"re o #roit or '! 'ei "

sh"re-ho%&er.

There "re 0"! sche0e o i"ci"% #"rtici#"tio, '+t the

0ore #ro0iet o the0 "re the #roit %i*e& #"!, #roit

sh"ri "& e0#%o!ee stoc* o#tio sche0e. 7or*ers

coo#er"ti:es 0""e0ets '+!o+ts, #esio +&

#"rtici#"tio "& "e e"rer +&s.


56/130

Pr)Br)/i&i%)& for S/00)&&f/l Pr%i0i*%io'

To 0"*e "! o the #"rtici#"ti:e 0etho& s+ccess+% the

o%%oi co&itios h":e to 'e +%i%%e&.

The #"rtici#"ts, "0e%!, the 0""e0et "& the

o#er"ti:e, 0+st h":e c%e"r%! &eie& "&

co0#%e0et"r! o'$ecti:es "& the o'$ecti:e o oe

#"rt! sho+%& ot or* "s cross #+r#ose ith the

o'$ecti:e o the other #"rt!.

Their 0+st 'e " ree %o o ior0"tio "&

co00+ic"tio 'etee the 0""e0et "& the

or*er. I this "! &istress "& s+s#icio "re

":oi&e& "& the or*er 'eco0e res#osi'%e "&

0"t+re he the! &isc+ss their &e0"&s ith the

0""e0et.

The re#reset"ti:e o the or*er 0+st 'e &r"

ro0 the or*ers the0se%:es. The #"rtici#"tio o

the o+tsi&e tr"&e +io %e"&ers sho+%& 'e


57/130

&isco+r"e&. This is ecess"r! 'ec"+se the

#ro'%e0 "& &iic+%t! o the or*er "re 'etter

+&erstoo& '! the or*ers the0se%:es th" '!

others. The or*ers thereore the #+t "cross their

#oit o :ie to the 0""e0et o coi&ece.

Stro "& eecti:e tr"&e +iois0 is ecess"r!

or the s+ccess o #"rtici#"ti:e 0""e0et.

Po%itic"%is"tio "& 0+%ti#%icit! o tr"&e +io &ee"t

the #+r#ose o #"rtici#"tio "& 0""e0et.

7or*ers e&+c"tio "& tr"ii 0"*e " siiic"tcotri'+tio to the #+r#osi:e or*i o

#"rtici#"ti:e 0""e0et. Tr"&e +io "& the

o:er0et c" #%"! " 0"$or "& 0e"i+% ro%e

i or"i=i i co&+cti tr"ii #ror"0.

Neither #"rt! sho+%& ee% th"t its #ositio is

thre"tee& '! #"rtici#"tio. I or*ers thi* th"t

their st"t+s i%% 'e "&:erse%! "ecte&, the! i%% ot

#"rtici#"te. I 0""ers ee% th"t their "+thorit! is

thre"tee&, the! i%% re+se #"rtici#"tio "%% i%% 'e

o the &eesi:e.

Cos+%t"ti:e 'o&ies, co%%ecti:e '"r"ii "&

s+estio sche0es 0"*e " 0oc*er! o

#"rtici#"ti:e 0""e0et. To 0"*e or*ers

#"rtici#"tio 0e"i+% "& #+r#ose+%, or*er

sho+%& 'e "ssoci"te& "t "%% %e:e%s o &ecisio

0"*i.


58/130

The s+ccess o #"rtici#"tio &e#e&s o the

s+it"'%e #"rtici#"ti:e str+ct+re "& " ch"e o

he"rt o the #"rt o the e0#%o!ers "& e0#%o!ees,

hich 0"! t"*e " %o ti0e to &e:e%o#, to e9#e&ite

this &e:e%o#0et so0e sort o %eis%"ti:e "ctio is

ecess"r!.

There co+%& 'e the &"er o the 0"$or #otio o

the reso+rces o the eter#rise 'ei &i:erte& to the

or*er itho+t 0+ch cosi&er"tio or +rther

i:est0ets. It 0"! 'e &esir"'%e to reser:e "cert"i #ercet"e o the reso+rces or

rei:est0et either thro+h 0+t+"% "ree0et or

%eis%"tio.

The i"ci"% cost o #"rtici#"tio sho+%& ot

e9cee& the :"%+e ecoo0ic "& otherise th"t

co0e ro0 it. 20#%o!ees c"ot s#e& "%% their

ti0e i #"rtici#"tio to the e9c%+sio o "%% other

or*.

I4*or%'0) of *r%i0i*%io'

The re"test 'eeit o #"rtici#"ti:e 0""e0et is th"t the

e0#%o!ee i&etiies hi0se% or herse% ith the or* "& this

%e"&s to " i0#ro:e& #eror0"ce. The e0#%o!ee

#s!cho%oic"% res+%t8 is #"rtici#"tio hich, i t+r, %e"&s to


59/130

" i0#ro:e& #eror0"ce, 0"iesti itse% i " icre"se&

o+t#+t "& " i0#ro:e& +"%it!.

P"rtici#"tio te&s to i0#ro:e 0oti:"tio 'ec"+se

e0#%o!ees ee% 0ore "cce#te& i the sit+"tio. Their se%-

estee0, $o' s"tis"ctio, "& coo#er"tio ith the

0""e0et ith the 0""e0et i%% "%so i0#ro:e. The

res+%ts ote "re re&+ce& co%ict "& stress, 0ore

co00+ic"tio to o"%s, "& 'etter "cce#t"ce o " ch"e.

20#%o!ees 0"! "%so re&+ce t+ro:er "& "'seces he

the! 'ei to ee% th"t or*i co&itios "re s"tis"ctor!

"& th"t the! "re 'eco0i 0ore s+ccess+% i their $o's.

i"%%!, the "ct o #"rtici#"tio i itse% est"'%ishes 'etter

co00+ic"tio, "s #eo#%e 0+t+"%%! &isc+ss or* #ro'%e0s.

The 0""e0et te&s to #ro:i&e or*ers ith icre"se&

ior0"tio "'o+t the or"i="tio8s i"ces "& o#er"tios,

"& this he%#s e0#%o!ees to i:e 'etter +"%it! s+estios.

7h"te:er 0"! 'e the o'$ecti:e, the or0 or the %e:e% o

#"rtici#"tio, there is h"r&%! " st+&! i the etire or*

%iter"t+re hich "i%s to &e0ostr"te th"t s"tis"ctio i or*

is eh"ce&, or th"t eer"%%! "c*o%e&e& 'eeici"%

cose+eces "ccr+e ro0 " e+ie icre"se i the

or*ers8 &ecisio-0"*i #oers. It is ot t"*e re"ter #ri&e

"& #%e"s+re i their or* i the! "re "%%oe& #"rtici#"tor!

ree&o0 i sh"#i the #o%ices "& &ecisios hich "ect

their or*.


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,i4i%%io'& of *r%i0i*%io'

P"rtici#"ti:e 0""e0et s+ers ro0 0"! %i0it"tios.

These "re?

• Techo%o! "& or"i="tios to&"! "re so co0#%e9

th"t s#eci"%i=e& or*-ro%es "re re+ire&, 0"*i it

&iic+%t or #eo#%e to #"rtici#"te s+ccess+%%! i the! o

:er! "r 'e!o& their #"rtic+%"r e:iro0et. This

0e"s th"t %o-%e:e% or*ers c" #"rtici#"te

s+ccess+%%! i o#er"ti 0"tters, '+t the! +s+"%%!

h":e &iic+%t! i #"rtici#"ti i #o%ic! 0"tters.

• Aother iss+e is " e0#%o!ee8s riht-ot to #"rtici#"te.

There is o e:i&ece th"t #"rtici#"tio is oo& or

e:er!'o&!. "! #eo#%e &o ot "t to 'e 'othere&

ith #"rtici#"tio.


61/130

• Aother #ro'%e0 is th"t #"rtici#"ti:e sit+"tios c" 'e

+se& co:ert%! to 0"i#+%"te e0#%o!ees. This

0"i#+%"tio is ot ecess"ri%! &oe '! the

0""e0et. It 0"! 'e '! the +io or '! +&erco:er

c%i+es %e& '! 0e0'ers s*i%%e& i ro+# &!"0ics-the

soci"% eieers o coset.

• The e+&"%istic coce#t o the 0"ster "& ser:"t is

sti%% #re:"%et "0o i&+stri"% or*ers, es#eci"%%! iI&i". 7or*ers h":e " i"te ee%i th"t the! "re

'or to ser:e "& ot to r+%e. P"rtici#"ti:e

0""e0et, "t+r"%%!, is o %itt%e iterest to s+ch

or*ers.

• The ro%e o tr"&e +ios i #ro0oti #"rtici#"ti:e

0""e0et is "r ro0 s"tis"ctor!. ost o the

+ios i&+%e i #o%itic*i "& h":e %itt%e ti0e to thi*

"'o+t #"rtici#"tio. The "ttit+&e o i&i:i&+"% 0e0'ers,

too, is ot co&+cti:e to the #ro0otio o #"rtici#"ti:e

0""e0et. The 0oti:e or $oii " tr"&e +io is

e9#%icit%! 0ore i&i:i&+"%istic, th"t is, the 0e0'ershi#

is re"r&e& "s " *i& o is+r"ce ""ist c"%"0ities,

i the e:et o &is0iss"%s, "cci&ets or other

&iic+%ties, he the 0e0'ers co+%& e9#ect so0e he%#

ro0 tr"&e +ios. The res+%t is th"t the or*ers


62/130

#ercei:e " tr"&e +io8s ro%e "s crisis-oriete& "& ot

"s e9te&i 'e!o& cert"i i&i:i&+"% #ro'%e0s.

N"t+r"%%!, or*ers &o ot e9#ect their +ios to #%"! "

0"$or ro%e i #"rtici#"tio.

• The +i%%iess o the e0#%o!ers to sh"re #oer

ith the or*ers8 re#reset"ti:es, the &isiterest o the

or*ers, "& the #er+ctor! "ttit+&e o the

o:er0et to"r&s #"rtici#"tio "ct "s st+0'%i

'%oc*s i the "! o #ro0otio o #"rtici#"ti:e0""e0et.


63/130


64/130

RESEARCH METHODO,OGY

Rese"rch 0e"s i&i o+t the "cts re%"ti to #"rtic+%"r

#heo0eo. Rese"rch is " "c"&e0ic "cti:it! "& "s s+ch

the ter0 sho+%& 'e +se& i techic"% sese. Accor&i to

C%ior& oo&!-.


65/130

Rese"rch is, th+s, " orii"% cotri'+tio to the e9isti

stoc* o *o%e&e 0"*i or its "&:"ce0et. It is the

#+rs+it o tr+th ith the he%# o ste"&! o'ser:"tios,

co0#"risos, "& e9#eri0et. I short the se"rch or

*o%e&e, tho+h o'$ecti:e "& s!ste0"tic 0etho& o

i&i so%+tios to " #ro'%e0 is c"%%e& Rese"rch. As s+ch

the ter0 rese"rch reers to the s!ste0"tic 0etho&

co00itti o e+ci"te the #ro'%e0, or0+%"ti "

h!#othesis co%%ecti the "cts or &"t", ""%!=i the "cts

"& re"chi cert"i coc%+sios either i the or0 o

so%+tios to"r&s the cocere& #ro'%e0 or i cert"i

eer"%i="tio or so0e theoretic"% or0+%"tio.

I this #ro$ect, I h":e +se& +"%it"ti:e t!#e o rese"rch "&

the 0etho& "&o#te& "s o'ser:"tio 0etho& "&

+str+ct+re& iter:ie.

+"%it"ti:e rese"rch is cocere& ith +"%it"ti:e

#heo0eo th"t is #heo0eo re%"ti to or i:o%:i

+"%it! or *i&. 7he e "re itereste& i i:esti"ti the

re"sos or h+0" 'eh":ior (th"t is h! #eo#%e thi* or &o

cert"i this) e +ite ote t"%* o

"& i0#ort"t t!#e o +"%it"ti:e rese"rch .This t!#e o

rese"rch "i0s "t

&isco:eri the +&er%!i 0oti:es "& &esires +si i

&e#"rt0et iter:ies or the #+r#ose. Attit+&e or o#iio


66/130

rese"rch i.e., rese"rch &esi to i& o+t ho #eo#%e ee% or

h"t the! thi* "'o+t " #"rtic+%"r s+'$ect or istit+tio is "%so

" +"%it"ti:e rese"rch.

CO,,ECTION OF DATA

or this re#ort, "%% the ior0"tio +se& "%re"&! e9iste& i the

or"i="tio hich is +#&"te& "ccor&i to the ch"es i

the tre&s. Th+s the &"t" +se& "s seco&"r! &"t". This

&"t" "s i recor&s o #+'%ishe& or0. This #+'%ishe& &"t"

ic%+&es o%& #o%icies "& or0s "& histor! recor&s. The

so+rce o &"t" or ""%!ses "s 0"$or%! '"se& +#o e'

sites hich "re "%so reerre& i this cote9t.


67/130

COMPANY PROFILE


68/130

T% Gro/* *rofil)

The T"t" Gro+# co0#rises o#er"ti co0#"ies i se:e

'+siess sectors? ior0"tio s!ste0s "& co00+ic"tios@

eieeri@ 0"teri"%s@ ser:ices@ eer!@ cos+0er

#ro&+cts@ "& che0ic"%s. The Gro+# "s o+&e& '!

Q"0she&$i T"t" i the 0i& 1th cet+r!, " #erio& he I&i"

h"& $+st set o+t o the ro"& to "ii i&e#e&ece ro0

British r+%e. Cose+et%!, Q"0set$i T"t" "& those ho

o%%oe& hi0 "%ie& '+siess o##ort+ities ith the

o'$ecti:e o "tio '+i%&i. This "##ro"ch re0"is

eshrie& i the Gro+#s ethos to this &"!.

The T"t" Gro+# is oe o I&i"s %"rest "& 0ost res#ecte&

'+siess co%o0er"tes, ith re:e+es i EFF4-F; o 1.L

'i%%io (Rs ,11L 0i%%io), the e+i:"%et o "'o+t E.L #er

cet o the co+tr!s GDP.

T"t" co0#"ies toether e0#%o! so0e E1;,FFF #eo#%e. The

Gro+#s E #+'%ic%! %iste& eter#rises "0o the0

st"&o+t "0es s+ch "s T"t" Stee%, T"t" Cos+%t"c!

Ser:ices, T"t" otors "& T"t" Te" h":e " co0'ie&

http://www.tata.com/0_about_us/history/pioneers/jamsetji_tata.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_steel/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tcs/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tcs/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_motors/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_tea/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/0_about_us/history/pioneers/jamsetji_tata.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_steel/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tcs/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tcs/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_motors/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_tea/index.htm


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0"r*et c"#it"%is"tio th"t is the hihest "0o I&i"

'+siess ho+ses i the #ri:"te sector, "& " sh"reho%&er

'"se o o:er E 0i%%io. The T"t" Gro+# h"s o#er"tios i

0ore th" 4F co+tries "cross si9 cotiets, "& its

co0#"ies e9#ort #ro&+cts "& ser:ices to 14F "tios.

co0#"ies oer " i&e :"riet! o o+tst"&i #ro&+cts "&

ser:ices th"t eh"ce "& erich the %i:es "& ho0es o

cos+0ers i I&i" "& " host o other co+tries "ro+& the

or%&. These #ro&+cts "& ser:ices h":e 'ee "rr"e& i

"%#h"'etic"% or&er here, ith %i*s %e"&i to s#eciic #"es

th"t hih%iht i&i:i&+"% #ro&+cts "& ser:ices.

A!ri0/l%/rl i'*/%&

A!ro0h)4i0l& (R"%%is)

F)r%ili&)r& (T"t" Che0ic"%s)

A/%o4o%i1) 0o4*o')'%& (TAC3)

A/%o4o%i1) &)r1i0)& (TAC3, T"t" Techo%oies)

Co44)r0il 1)hi0l)& (T"t" otors)

Di)&)l )'!i')& (T"t" C+00is)

Ch)4i0l&

Ch)4i0l& (T"t" Che0ic"%s, R"%%is)

D)B&/l*h/ri&i'! 0o4*o/'2& (Q"0i#o%)

Co44/'i0%io'&

+ro2:'2 &)r1i0)& (T"t" I&ico0)

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T)l)0o44/'i0%io'& (T"t" I&ico0)

Co'&/l%'05

M'!)4)'% 0o'&/l%'05 (T"t" 2coo0ic Cos+%t"c!

Ser:ices, T"t" Str"teic ""e0et Gro+#)

C)4)'% (T"t" Che0ic"%s)

Dolo4i%) R)fr0%ori)& (T"t" Rer"ctories)

Pi! iro' (T"t" et"%i*s)

Pi!4)'%& (T"t" Pi0ets)

R)')6:l) 6oo2 (T"t" Cosoo&)

Roll 4'/f0%/r) '2 &/**l5 (T"!o Ro%%s)

S*o'!) iro' (T"t" S#oe Iro)

S%))l (T"t" Stee%)

S%))l *ro0)&&i'! '2 2i&%ri:/%io' (T"t" R!erso)

Ti'*l%) (Ti#%"te Co0#"! o I&i")

T/:)& (T"t" Stee%)

P/:li&hi'!

EBl)r'i'! (T"t" Iter"cti:e)

P/:li&hi'! (T"t" cGr"-Hi%%)

Tr2i'!

EB%r2i'! "4)%l@/'0%io' &)r1i0)&$

Tr2i'! "T% I'%)r'%io'l( T% AG( T% I'0or*or%)2(

T% ,i4i%)2$

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71/130

Pro4o%)r 0o4*'i)&

T% So'&

Subsidiaries / divisions:

T"t" 2coo0ic

Cos+%t"c! Ser:ices

T"t" i"ci"% Ser:ices

T"t" +"%it! ""e0et

Ser:ices

TC2 Cos+%ti 2ieers

THDC

T"t" Petro&!e

Ser7i=So%

T% I'2/&%ri)&

Divisions:

T"t" Iter"cti:e S!ste0s

T"t" Str"teic

""e0et Gro+#

Glo:l o*)r%io'&

T"t" AG

T"t" 2ter#rises AG

T"t" Icor#or"te&

T"t" Iter"tio"%

T"t" Iter"tio"% AG

T"t" 5i0ite&

T"t" Precisio I&+striesT"t" Te" Ic

TATA SERVICES

http://www.tata.com/tata_sons/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_econ_cons/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_econ_cons/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_fin_ser/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tqms/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tqms/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tce_cons_engg/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_hsgdevco/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_petrodyne/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/serwizsol/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_industries/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_interactive/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_strategic/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_strategic/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_ag/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_intl_ag/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tatainc/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_international/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_intl_ag/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_ltd/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_precision/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_tea_inc/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_sons/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_econ_cons/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_econ_cons/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_fin_ser/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tqms/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tqms/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tce_cons_engg/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_hsgdevco/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_petrodyne/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/serwizsol/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_industries/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_interactive/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_strategic/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_strategic/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_ag/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_intl_ag/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tatainc/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_international/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_intl_ag/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_ltd/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_precision/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_tea_inc/index.htm


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Profil)

T"t" Ser:ices "s icor#or"te& i the !e"r 1; to #ro:i&e

T"t" co0#"ies cert"i cetr"%ise& ser:ices "& to re"# the

'eeits o ecoo0ies o sc"%e, o " o-#roit o-%oss '"sis.

Over the years, several new departments and specialised functions

were added. The main divisions / departments of Tata Services are

AUTOMOTIVE

T% A/%oCo4* S5&%)4&

S/:&i2iri)& 8 &&o0i%)& 8 @oi'% 1)'%/r)&3 A+to0oti:e

Co0#osite S!ste0s Iter"tio"%, A+to0oti:e St"0#is

"& Asse0'%ies, QB S+oo, /orr-Bre0se S!ste0s or

Co00erci"% Vehic%es, TAC3 "+reci" Desi Ceter , TAC3

o'iA##s Te%e0"tics, T"t" A+toP%"stic S!ste0s, T"t"

icos", T"t" Qohso Cotro%s, T"t" Nico "steers, T"t"

To!o R"&i"tor , T"t" 6"="*i A+toCo0#, T"t" 6+t"*", TC

S#risT% Mo%or&

S/:&i2iri)& 8 &&o0i%)& 8 @oi'% 1)'%/r)&3 Cocor&e

otors, HV A9e%s, HV Tr"s0issios, Nit" Co0#"!, TA5

"+"ct+ri So%+tios, T"t" C+00is, T"t" D"eoo

Co00erci"% Vehic%es Co0#"!, T"t" 2ieeri Ser:ices,

T"t" i"ce, T"t" Ho%set, T"t" Precisio I&+stries, T"t"

Techo%oies, Te%co Costr+ctio 2+i#0et Co0#"!

ENGINEERING SERVICES

T% Pro@)0%&

TCE Co'&/l%i'! E'!i'))r&

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Vol%&

ENGINEERING PRODUCTS

TA, M'/f0%/ri'! Sol/%io'&

T)l0o Co'&%r/0%io' E/i*4)'% Co4*'5

TRF

COMPOSITES

T% A21'0)2 M%)ril&

META,S

T% S%))l

S/:&i2iri)& 8 &&o0i%)& 8 @oi'% 1)'%/r)&3 Q"0she+r

I$ectio Po&er (Q"0i#o%), 5"*" S#eci"% Stee%,

0et"%$+ctio ser:ices, N"tStee%, Si%" 2"ster Co0#"!, T"t"

et"%i*s, T"t" Pi0ets, T"t" R!erso, T"t" S#oe Iro,

T"t" Rer"ctories, T"!o Ro%%s, The I&i" Stee% "& 7ire

Pro&+cts, The Ti#%"te Co0#"! o I&i", T Iter"tio"%

5oistics, 7ires Di:isio

PO7ER

T% +P Solr I'2i

T% Po6)r S/:&i2iri)& 8 &&o0i%)& 8 @oi'% 1)'%/r)&3 T"t" Cer"0ics,

T"t" Poer Tr"&i, North De%hi Poer 5i0ite&

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HOTE,S AND REA,TY

I'2i' Ho%)l& "T@ !ro/*$

S/:&i2iri)& 8 &&o0i%)& 8 @oi'% 1)'%/r)&3 T"$ Air

THDC

FINANCIA, SERVICES

T%BAIG G)')rl I'&/r'0)

T%BAIG ,if) I'&/r'0)

T% A&&)% M'!)4)'%

T% Fi''0il S)r1i0)&

T% I'1)&%4)'% Cor*or%io'

T% Shr) R)!i&%r5

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T% /li%5 M'!)4)'% S)r1i0)&

T% S)r1i0)&

T% S%r%)!i0 M'!)4)'% Gro/*

INFORMATION SYSTEMS

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Air%ie i"ci"% S+##ort Ser:ices, A:i"tio Sot"re

De:e%o#0et Cos+%t"c!, CC, CC A0eric"s Ic,

Coscri#ti, H3TV, T"t" A0eric" Iter"tio"% Cor#or"tio,

TCS B+siess Tr"sor0"tio So%+tios, 7TI A&:"ce&

Techo%o!

T% El&i

S)r7iSolT% I'%)r0%i1) S5&%)4&

T% T)0h'olo!i)&

COMMUNICATIONS

I2) C)ll/lr

T% T)l)&)r1i0)&

http://www.tata.com/indian_hotels/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/taj_air/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_hsgdevco/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_aig_general/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_aig_life/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_assetmgt/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_fin_ser/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_investment/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_share/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_econ_cons/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tqms/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_services/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_strategic/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/nelito/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tcs/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/cmc/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_elxsi/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/serwizsol/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_interactive/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_tech/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/idea_cellular/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_teleservices/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/indian_hotels/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/taj_air/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_hsgdevco/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_aig_general/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_aig_life/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_assetmgt/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_fin_ser/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_investment/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_share/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_econ_cons/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tqms/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_services/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_strategic/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/nelito/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tcs/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/cmc/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_elxsi/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/serwizsol/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_interactive/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_tech/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/idea_cellular/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_teleservices/index.htm


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S/:&i2iri)& 8 &&o0i%)& 8 @oi'% 1)'%/r)&3 T"t"

Te%eser:ices ("h"r"shtr"), T"t" Iteret Ser:ices

VSN,

T%')%

INDUSTRIA, AUTOMATION

N)l0o

S/:&i2iri)& 8 &&o0i%)& 8 @oi'% 1)'%/r)&3 T"t"et

This sectio %ists "%% these co0#"ies +&er the sectors i

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the Gro+#. Visitors c", '! c%ic*i o the re%e:"t %i*s, et

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their #ro&+cts "& ser:ices, cot"ct &et"i%s, etc.

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o the co00+ities e ser:e. 7e &o this thro+h %e"&ershi#

i sectors o "tio"% ecoo0ic siiic"ce, to hich the

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ro "ressi:e%! i oc+se& "re"s o '+siess.

3+r herit"e o ret+ri to societ! h"t e e"r e:o*es

tr+st "0o cos+0ers, e0#%o!ees, sh"reho%&ers "& the

co00+it!. This herit"e is 'ei coti+o+s%! eriche& '!

the or0"%is"tio o the hih st"&"r&s o 'eh":io+r

e9#ecte& ro0 e0#%o!ees "& co0#"ies.

The T"t" "0e is " +i+e "sset re#reseti %e"&ershi#

ith tr+st. 5e:er"i this "sset to eh"ce Gro+# s!er!

"& 'eco0i %o'"%%! co0#etiti:e is the ro+te to s+st"ie&

roth "& %o-ter0 s+ccess.

http://www.tata.com/ttml/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/ttml/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_internet/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/vsnl/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tatanet/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/nelco/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tatanet/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/ttml/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/ttml/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tata_internet/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/vsnl/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tatanet/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/nelco/index.htmhttp://www.tata.com/tatanet/index.htm


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FIVE CORE VA,UES

The T"t" Gro+# h"s "%"!s so+ht to 'e " :"%+e-&ri:e

or"is"tio. These :"%+es coti+e to &irect the Gro+#s

roth "& '+siesses. The i:e core T"t" :"%+es

+&er#ii the "! e &o '+siess "re?

I'%)!ri%53 7e 0+st co&+ct o+r '+siess "ir%!, ith hoest!

"& tr"s#"rec!. 2:er!thi e &o 0+st st"& the test o

#+'%ic scr+ti!.

U'2)r&%'2i'!3 7e 0+st 'e c"ri, sho res#ect,

co0#"ssio "&am

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