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Keynote presentation from the CDE’s Research and Innovation in Distance Education and eLearning conference, held at Senate House London on 19 October 2012. Conducted by Steve Wheeler (Plymouth University)
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Emerging Pedagogies, Learning Spaces and CommunitiesSteve Wheeler
@timbuckteethPlymouth University
Technologies
http://scoop.intel.com/what-happens-in-an-internet-minute/
Digital Graffiti
“Delicious is like a virtual fieldtrip through a library built by the recommendations of others.”
– Chris Sessums (2010)
Social Tagging
http://www.oliverquinlan.com
Taxonomies are
defined by
the community
Folksonomies
define a
community
Disruptive Technology
M
www.cs-exhibitions.uni-klu.ac.at
Gutenberg
1439: Mass produced
movable type (Disruptive
Technology)
What disruptive technology do we see in
university today?
Clue: 99% of students own one or more
The First Mobile Phone
http://www.xianet.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/first-mobile-phone.jpg
The ‘Brick’
Neutral technologies?
http://www.oldukphotos.com
http://www.slideshare.net/courosa/why-social-networks-matter
Communities
“We are becoming distributed beings. Mobile makes the trend more explicit.” - Mark Curtis (2005)
Digital Cultural Capital
“Where digital communication has fractured the tyranny of distance and computers have become pervasive and ubiquitous, identification through digital mediation has become the new cultural capital”.
- Wheeler (2009) Digital Tribes
Image Source: http://www.coreideas.com.au/
(Membership of the Tribe)
Digital Totems
For digital tribes ... their totems are their social networking tools within the World Wide Web.
http://www.faqs.org
Source: Wheeler (2009) Digital Tribes
Digital Totems
• Gathering place• Rituals and rules• Celebration and fun• Transmission of customs,
social mores and values (storytelling)
• = Tribal identity• = Social networks
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jcbwalsh/3412625028/
Source: Wheeler (2009) Digital Tribes
Flickrites and Facebookers
http://www.travel-images.com http://www.coal-is-dirty.com
Wikipedians
(Deletionism + Exclusionism) /Inclusionism= “What I Know Is..”
Connected
cc S
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Image source: http://i.imwx.com
The Future...?
• 1990: ‘The future is multi-media’• 2000: ‘The future is the Web’• 2010: ‘The future is smart mobile’
Multimedia brought the world into the classroom...
Smart technologies will take the classroom into the world.
www.canada.com
Web 3.0Semantic Web
Web 1.0The Web
Web x.0Meta Web
Web 2.0Social Web
Degree of Social Connectivity
Deg
ree
of In
form
ation
Con
necti
vity
Adapted from : Nova Spivak
Web 3.0Semantic Web
Web 1.0The Web
Web x.0Meta Web
Web 2.0Social Web
Degree of Social Connectivity
Deg
ree
of In
form
ation
Con
necti
vity
Connects information Connects people
Connects knowledge Connects intelligence
The (Smart) eXtended Web
We are already seeing early evidence of the Smart eXtended Web
http://chemistscorner.com
Intelligent Filtering Recommender Systems
http://abdtechnology.com/tag/google-glass/
Personal Devices
Enhanced Vision
Ubiquitous connection
Theories
Technological Pedagogical Symbiosis*
Source: http://www.learnerosity.com/?p=890
TI PI*
Transformation?
(McRae, 2012)
http://schipul.com/photos/3659/in/122/
Flipping the classroom?
TED
Flip the roles, not the classroom
http://campussolutionsinc.com/tag/reach-college-students/
We learn by teaching
Bearpit Pedagogy
http://open.salon.com
TD Effects (Close TD)
ST
Dialogue
++
Structure
- -
Source: Moore (1989) Transactional Distance
TD Effects
ST
Dialogue
+Structure
+
Source: Moore (1989) Transactional Distance
TD Effects (Remote TD)
T S
Structure
++
Dialogue
- -
Source: Moore (1989) Transactional Distance
Cognition
Communication
Cooperation
3 key human interaction characteristics...
Cooperation
Communication
Cognition
Blog
Social Network
... and web tools that facilitate them
Wiki
“We are seeing peer-based learning networks where students are learning as much from each other as they are from their mentors and tutors.” – John Seely-Brown
Image source: http://businessinnovationfactory.com
http://www.flickr.com/photos/luc/
Paragogy
Source: George Siemens www.connectivism.ca/http://www.sciencedaily.com
Connectivism
We live in a techno-social world
Learning occurs inside and outside of people – we store our knowledge in
computers and in other people – George Siemens
Making connections
In connectivism, learning involves creating connections and developing a network. It is
a theory for the digital age drawing upon chaos, emergent properties, and self
organised learning.
(It’s not what you know but who you know)
Source: Wikipediahttp://www.pestproducts.com
Since we cannot experience everything, other people’s experiences, and hence other people,
become the surrogate for knowledge.
http://bradley.chattablogs.com
‘I store my knowledge in my friends’ is an axiom for collecting knowledge through collecting people. - Karen Stephenson
RhizomesDeleuze & Guattari
Anarchy of the Web
“...multiple, non-hierarchical entry and exit points in data representation and
interpretation.”
Rhizomatic learning
http://archbold-station.org
Rhizomatic learning
“A rhizomatic plant has no centre and no defined
boundary; rather, it is made up of a number of semi-
independent nodes, each of which is capable of growing
and spreading on its own, bounded only by the limits
of its habitat.”
© S
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Source: Cormier, D. (2008) http://davecormier.com/edblog/
“In the rhizomatic view, knowledge can only be negotiated, [and is] a personal knowledge-creation process with mutable goals and constantly negotiated premises.”
Source: Cormier, D. (2008) http://davecormier.com/edblog/
© S
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Rhizomatic learning
If ... information is recognized as useful to the community ... it can be counted as knowledge. The community, then, has the power to create knowledge within a given context and leave that knowledge as a new node connected to the rest of the network’.
– Dave Cormier (2008)
Open Networks
http://inperspire.blogspot.com
Community as curriculum
Our Students
Three kinds of learner support
Social support
Academicsupport
Technicalsupport
Source: Carnwell (2000)
Traditionally the domain of the teacher/tutor
These are usually provided by peers
Digital Natives?
The Net
Generation?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/56155476@N08/5667863948/
Homo
Zappiens?
Millennials?
Power users 14%
Ordinary users 27%
Irregular users 14%
Basic users 45%
Source: Kennedy et al (2010) Beyond Digital Natives and Immigrants: Exploring types of net generation students, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 26 (5).
n = 2096, mean age range 17-23 years
http://truedantalion.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/silver-surfers.html
Digital Residents or Visitors?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/will-lion/3601144842/sizes/l/in/photostream/
25 million views 46 million views
447 million views51 million views
Viral Video
“Lee Harvey and the Wailers”(Lee Harvey did not jam alone)
http://www.myspace.com/hsu/photos/6850630
“60% of all Internet pages contain
misleading information.”
- Thomas Edison
Learners need ‘digital wisdom’
“Knowledge that is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind.”
- SocratesPlato
http://www.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-713124904
Darwikianism
Wikipedia is crowdsourcing
evaluation
MOOC
“How can technology make a person better? Only in this way: by providing each person with chances.”
- Kevin Kelly
http:
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W: steve-wheeler.netE: [email protected]: steve-wheeler.blogspot.comT: @timbuckteeth
