Emerging Markets for Nano-Enabled Biomaterials · Page 3. Emerging Markets for Nano-Enabled Biomaterials. Wednesday, June 24. th, 2009. Xerox Research Centre of Canada. Global Mission:

Emerging Markets for Nano-Enabled Biomaterials

Dr. Hadi MahabadiVice-President and DirectorXerox Research Centre of Canada

2009 International Conference on Nanotechnology Information

Westin Edmonton Edmonton, Canada

June 24th, 2009

Wednesday, June 24th, 2009Emerging Markets for Nano-Enabled BiomaterialsPage 2

Outline

Introduction

Materials R&T Trends

Nanotechnology and Application at XRCC

Requirements for applications of nano enabled biomaterials and

Cellulose Nanowhiskers

Summary


Xerox Research Centre of CanadaGlobal Mission:Provide imaging materials and consumables

technology options for Xerox’s current and future businesses, in partnership with our value chain partners

Disciplines:Chemistry, chemical engineering, physics

Competencies:Chemistry / Materials Design, Chemical Engineering / Process Design and Materials Characterization & Evaluation

Marking Materials

Materials for Key Components

Specialty Materials

Materials for Digital Document•

Printed Organic Electronics

Key Outputs:

Enabling materials

Scalable mfg processes

IP

Gender / Minority

(Canadian Employment Equity)

40% Female, 27% MinorityEducational Breakdown

(Technical Staff)39% PhD, 20% M. Sc, 26% B. Sc, 15% CC

39 different countries of origin

Future direction ?


Materials R&T Trends

Industry Trends for Chemistry and Materials Science& EngineeringS&T Trends

1.

Nanotechnology2.

Smart Materials3.

Greener chemistry & Engineering( bio materials)

Top 10 Mega Trends

1.

Ageing -

More off-

shoring & outsourcing and different perception of immigration

2.

Globalization –

expanded flows of people, capital, goods& services, information, technology and culture. We will have a world of Nations and Regions

3.

Technology development –

in 2020, computers will be ~ 200X faster and have 1000X more memories Nanotechnology will will be the general term of technology.

4.

Prosperity –

larger groups in formerly developing countries growing more prosperous. Middle class will grow in Russia, China, Brazil by 85%,40% and 50% in the next 10 years.

5.

Individualization –

customers are increasing their demand for individual and personalized products, more employee turnover & demand for employee individual attention.

6.

Commercialization –

shorter time to market and faster growth for new products

7.

Health and environment –

growing sector, more resource will be allocated to it

8.

Acceleration-

it is not enough to be change ready. Change oriented will be the norm. Speed & flexibility are other demands.

9.

Network organizing –

challenges the way of thinking and traditional instaurations

10.

Urbanization-

3.9B new people will living in urban areas


Small size powerful properties

High surface to volume ratio more powerful catalysts and more sensitive sensors

Quantum effects Quantum dots

Smaller size devices molecular electronics

Controlled assembly of materials/devices/systems:

Imparts new properties/functions

Enables versatility of design and performance

–

Light-weight materials that are stronger than steel

–

Carbon-based materials that are more conductive than copper

Why Nanotechnology


Nanotechnology at XRCC

Market needs:

Environmentally friendly toner technology that enables high quality document with less toner

The Solution:

Bottom-up assembly process to make toner particles

“EA Technology”

–Precision particle design with control of morphology & structure–Toner particles of smaller size, tunable shape, and narrow size

distribution–Enviro-friendly toner (less toner per printed page) and toner

manufacturing

Precision Designed Toner at Particle

Level

Building up from Individual Atoms/Molecules

Controlled Controlled GrowthGrowth

Monomer . ......

.2-10 A

Latex Polymer

40 – 200 nm

Emulsion PolymerizationEmulsion Polymerization

Pigment

Wax

CoalescenceCoalescence

3-7 microns

Toner Particle

Heating

AggregationAggregation

Mixing/

Heating

Shell Latex

EA Toner Technology Current Line of BusinessEA Toner Technology Current Line of Business


Materials that are from renewable resources

Bio polymer

Bio monomer and other organic compounds

To replace fossil fuel materials:

Higher cost of raw materials derived from oil as the demand for this materials exceed supply

Higher cost of energy used to make materials

Sustainability issues related to use of oil based materials as non value add products

Some example of bio materials application:

Bio-fuel

Bio-degradable bags

Bio-

materials for packaging

Why Biomaterials


Physical & Performance Properties of Cellulose Nanowhiskers

•

Crystalline, fiber-like nanomaterials

•

High tensile strength and modulus (10 GPa, similar to

Kevlar)

•

Robust, reinforcing nanofillers

as composite blends (plastics)

•

Low density

•

Polar, hydrophilic materials

•

Chemically modifiable structure

•

Various morphologies with different aspect ratios

•

Forms colloidal particles in water

CelluloseCellulose


• Renewable material resource

• Sustainable, agricultural economy

• Lower cost

• Low energy consumption (by combustion, near 230oC )

• Wide variety of fibrous fillers available

• Easy processability, chemically modifiable structure

CelluloseCellulose

Advantages of Cellulose of Cellulose NanowhiskersNanowhiskers


Opportunities for new applicationsOpportunities for new applications

Potential applications

•

Water-based coatings/paints for robust (abrasion-resistant) and texturized

surfaces•

Wear-resistance textiles (e.g. impenetrable fibers for police/military applications)•

Engineered nano-plastics /fillers for engineering plastics

Modification for expanded applications

•

Encapsulation of cellulosic nanofibers with compatible polymer matrix •

Surface modification

Challenges of modification

•

High surface area•

Potential impact of surface modification of properties. •

Impact on sustainability, greenness and cost.


Summary

World changing in significant ways for the next 20 years

Nanotechnology and Greener materials/processes( bio materials) offers significant future opportunities

Xerox Research Centre of Canada has been applying nanotechnology and Green chemistry to advance Xerox core business and to create new businesses

Nanotechnology enabled toner materials have been developed and successfully introduced to market

Greener chemistry and bio materials are important areas of R&D for many companies like Xerox


Thank you


What are Cellulose Fibers ? What are Cellulose Fibers ?

• natural fibers obtained from grasses, reeds, wood fibers an cotton• a composite material that includes cellulose microfibrils

(crystalline polysaccharide) sometimes embedded in a matrix of lignin (a natural polyphenol)

• insoluble crystalline material due to extensive network of inter-/intra-molecular hydrogen-bonding (e.g. MCC = microcrystalline cellulose)

Cellulose polymer structureCrystalline linear polymer of β-(14)-D-glucopyranose units

Lignin polymer structureOften covalently linked to amorphous cellulose (hemi-cellulose)


Applications of Cellulose Fibers Applications of Cellulose Fibers COMMERCIAL USES TODAY

•

Paper and cardboard products

•

Textiles (linens, cotton)

•

Food packaging (Cellophane®

sheeting = regenerated “viscose”, or, cellulose xanthate)

•

Filtration aids, absorbant

cloths (sponges)

•

“Green”

insulation material in building construction (roofing)

CHALLENGES WITH USING CELLULOSE FIBERS

•

High moisture absorption causes swelling of fibers, which reduces their mechanical strength

•

Difficult to disperse/compound fibers in common polymer matrices

•

Low degradation temperature (about 230oC) limits use mainly as filler for commodity thermoplastics (PVC, polystyrene, PE)

•

Hydrolyzable

in acids or alkaline matrices.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cellofan.jpg

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Emerging Markets for Nano-Enabled Biomaterials · Page 3. Emerging Markets for Nano-Enabled Biomaterials. Wednesday, June 24. th, 2009. Xerox Research Centre of Canada. Global Mission: