emergencyresponseplanningandimplementation-120408130918-phpapp02

8/17/2019 emergencyresponseplanningandimplementation-120408130918-phpapp02

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Emergency ResponsePlanning and

ImplementationDr Nik Nor Ronaidi bin Nik

Mahdi


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Content

• Introduction

• Emergency management process

•

Legislation• Emergency response planning

• Steps for Emergency response

planning• Important elements of ERP


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Introduction


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Emergency

• Life threatening condition hich re!uiresthe administration of life"sa#ing measures

$%erman Red Cross&

• 'hen there is an une(pected conditionre!uiring speci)c action plans tonormalise $i*e* )re+ e(plosion+ leak ofproducts or gas+ loss of containment orthreats&

Introduction


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Disaster

•

, disaster is an occurrence disrupting the normal conditionsof e(istence and causing a le#el of su-ering that e(ceedsthe capacity of ad.ustment of the a-ected community*

$'/0&

• 1Disaster2 is de)ned as an incident hich occurs

une(pectedly+ hich is comple( in nature+ causes loss oflife+ destruction to properties or en#ironment and grinddon the acti#ity of the community

$Emergency and Disaster Planning Manual+ Laura %* 3aplan+ 4*S*E*E*+ Mc%ra"

/ill+ 5667&* • Disaster 8 9ncompensated Incident 8 catastrophe 8 ma.or

incident

• ,n uncompensated incident occurs hen the resources

a#ailable are inade!uate to deal ith the situation: loade(ceed capacity

Introduction


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IntroductionDisasters

• International – 4hopal

– Chernobyl

–

Piper ,lpha• Local

– 4right Sparklers+ Sg* 4uloh $5665&

–

%as Processing Plant ;ire+ 3ertih $


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'hat is a orkplace emergency?

• It is an unforeseen situation thatthreatens employees+ customers+ or thepublic: disrupts or shut don company@s

operations: or causes physical oren#ironmental damage*

• Ahis can pose actual or potential haBard

to life+ en#ironment+ facility+ production+and company@s image

• Emergencies may be natural or

manmade*

Introduction


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'hat is an emergency response plan?

• It is an action plan to organiBe andemployee actions during orkplaceemergencies*

• 'ell de#eloped emergency plans andproper employee training ill result infeer in.uries and less structural damage

to the facility during emergencies*

Introduction


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Emergency management process


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Preparedness Phase• Consists of acti#ities carry out in ad#ance

before an emergency strike to impro#eresponse to emergency

• E*g* haBard or risk analyses+ training+drills and e(ercises+ emergency plans andprocedures+ emergency communications+

.oint cooperation consensus+ arningsystems procedures and responseplanning*



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Response Phase

• Consists of the immediate response to emergencyby the ERA

• It is aim at containing the disaster so as to minimiBeloss of life and destruction to property*

• Includes measures such as – noti)cation+

– implementation of emergency plans+

– acti#ation of emergency operation centers+

– mobiliBation of resources+

– issuance of arnings and directions+

– pro#isions of medical and social ser#ices assistance+

– announcement of emergencies or disasters by themanagement*



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Recovery Phase

• It refers to those measures undertakenfolloing a disaster that ill return allsystems to normal le#els of ser#ice*

• includes measures such as – physical restoration and reconstruction:

– cleaning up contaminated areas:

– eliminating andor reducing any knonhaBards

– restoring businesses*



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Mitigation Phase

• It is the continuous ongoing endea#or toa#ert or reduce the impact that a haBardousmaterials incident ill ha#e on people+

property+ and the en#ironment• E(amples of mitigation acti#ities ould

include the folloing –

/aBard Identi)cation – Risk ,nalysis

– E#aluation

– Research

– Education *



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Legislation


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Legislation• Ahe Malaysia go#ernment has recogniBed the need to regulate

acti#ities ith potential to cause ma.or haBards*

•

0ccupational Safety and /ealth $Control of Industrial Ma.or,ccident /aBards& Regulations 5667* – It states the need for certain industries to create their on emergency

response programmes*

• Ahe National Security Council Directi#e No


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• Regulations apply to all industrial

acti#ities e(cept – Nuclear installation:

– Installation under the armed forces:

– Gehicle or #essel use in transportation: – Industrial acti#ity hich in#ol#es less than 5=

percent of the threshold !uantity set out inSchedule < of the Regulations

CIM,/


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• Industrial activity -

an operation carried out in an industrialinstallation referred to in Schedule 4involving one or more hazardous

substances, and includes on-site storageand on-site transport which areassociated with the operation

CIM,/


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• )very manufacturer needs to identify anindustrial activity within his control tothe *irector +eneral – he authority will determine whether it is a

maor hazard installation or not

• aor /azard Installation - an industrial

activity which produces, processes,handles, uses, disposes of or stores,permanently or temporarily, one or more

hazardous substances eual of e!ceedthe threshold uantity0


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Schedule <LIST OF SUBSTANCES AND

QUANTITIES

he uantities set out below relate to each installation

or group of installations belonging to the samemanufacturer where the distance between theinstallations is not su;icient to avoid, in foreseeablecircumstances, any aggravation of maor accident

hazards. he uantities apply in each case to eachgroup of installations belonging to the samemanufacturer where the distance between theinstallations is less than 566 meters0


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amed Substances

?here a substance or group of substances listed in =art %also falls within a category of =art 2 the uantities set out in=art % shall be used.

Substance Threshold Quantity

+roup % - o!ic Substances #uantity≤ % tonne$

(ldicarb %66 'ilograms

4-(minodiphenyl % 'ilogram

(miton % 'ilogram

(nabasine %66 'ilograms

(rsenic pento!ide, arsenic #1$ acid and salts 566'ilograms

(rsenic trio!ide, arsenious #III$ acid and salts %66

'ilograms

Schedule <


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Ma.or /aBard Installation

• Prepare and submit Industrial ,cti#ity Report at least months

before commencing the acti#ity:• Not make any modi)cations in that is not consistent ith the

Industrial ,cti#ity Report until he consult a Competent person andresubmit a further report:

• Report to be updated e#ery years:

• Prepare and submit on"site emergency plan months beforecommencement of industrial acti#ity:

• Emergency plan to be prepared in consultation ith a Competentperson

• Emergency plan to be updated once e#ery years:

• Prepare information on industrial acti#ity and inform localauthorities or port authority for them to prepare o-"siteemergency response plan:

• Pro#ide information on haBards of the industrial acti#ities to

personspublic ho may likely be a-ected by a ma.or accidentaround the site:


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NSD


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NSD


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Emergency ResponsePlanning

mergency esponse


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mergency esponsePlanning

• Planning is a crucial component in any safety and

health program including emergency action*• Planning is prevention and preparedness!

• , comprehensi#e emergency responseprogramme ould co#er not only on"siteincidents but also o-"site incidents+ hich mayoccur during the transportation of products*

• Important elements in a programme are the

o#erall plans and the resources re!uired toe(ecute the plans*

• Ahe emergency action plan should addressemergencies that the employer may reasonably

e(pect in the orkplace*


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Emergency Response Planning

E R Pl i


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E R Pl i


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• Policy and procedures to be de#eloped should

consider – /aBards at site and orse case scenarios

– E(isting standards $guidelines& and legalre!uirements

– 3noledge of the company operationsbackground as ell as internal resources a#ailablesuch )nances+ manpoer and e!uipment

– Information on e(ternal resources such as• distance from nearest )re brigade and their incident

management capability

• distance from nearest medical ser#ice+ specialty ser#iceo-ered and their ability to manage mass casualties



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Steps for emergency response planning



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• Step 1: Form a Health and SafetyCommittee

• Establish a team to coordinateemergency planning and preparednessacti#ities

• ,n e(isting health and safety committeecan take on this responsibility*

• Ahe committee may also ant to considerincluding outside organiBations* Ahesemight include the Local EmergencyPlanning Committee $LEPC&+ emergency

medical ser#ices $EMS&+ )re department+



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Step 2: evelop !or "pdate# andimplementing emergency response plans$

• ,n emergency response plan is a detailedritten document that e(plains hatemergencies an organiBation is likely to face+

and '/0 ill do '/,A during a particularsituation*

• , chain of command should be established

• 'riting the plan begins ith assessing hat

measures are already in place and determiningade!uacy of current resources and proceduresby re#ieing documents and seeing hat hasbeen put into operation*




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• Check a#ailable resources to re#ie the strengthsof the facility@s internal and e(ternal resources*

– Internal resources include• ;irst aidCPR supplies and trained personnel

• )re e(tinguishers and other )re)ghting e!uipment

• hea#y e!uipment a#ailable on"site

• a#ailable sheltersability to shelter in"place

• transportation e!uipment

• in"house emergency response teams

• sprinkler and alarm systems and

• security systems and personnel*

–E(ternal resources include• )re department

• police department

• emergency medical ser#ices $EMS&

• emergency response teams $ERAs& or haBardous materials

$/aBMat& response teams




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•Research hat las apply to the facility*

•Re#ie any e(isting documents related to the facility@spreparedness –alarms and )re suppression systems

–building diagrams and plans

–e#acuation routes

–roles of key personnel

–

housekeeping practices –a list of haBardous materials used andor stored in the orkplace and

–information on haBardous chemicals $material safety data sheets+ orMSDSs&*

•'alk through the facility to see hat preparations ha#e

actually been put in place*•,ny di-erences beteen hat is in ritten documents andhat is actually occurring in the orkplace should be noted*




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Step %: &rain 'll Sta(

• E#ery employee needs to kno details of the

emergency action plan+ including e#acuationplans+ alarm systems+ reporting procedures forpersonnel+ shutdon procedures+ and types of

potential emergencies*• ,dditional training is needed

– hen ne e!uipment+ materials or processes areintroduced+

– hen the layout or design of the facility changes+ – hen procedures ha#e been updated or re#ised+ or

– hen e(ercises sho that employee performanceis inade!uate*




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• ,t a minimum+ the training should include – an o#er#ie of the emergency action plan

– re#ie of the e#acuation procedures and routes foreach section of the orkplace

– practice drills of emergency e#acuation and

– basic )rst aid*

• Drills should be held at random inter#als+ atleast annually+ and should include outside policeand )re authorities* – Drills ill lessen confusion and panic should an

emergency situation take place*

– Ahe drills should reect the actions taken for di-erenttypes of emergencies $e*g*+ )re+ tornado+ earth!uake+depending on the #ulnerability analysis&*




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Step ): 'ddress *eeds Follo+ing an ,mergency

• Physical and psychological e-ects

– Ahe plan must specify hat steps ill be taken to ensure that all

in.ured sta- recei#e immediate )rst aid and follo"up medical careincluding any physical rehabilitation that might be necessary as theresult of in.uries*

– Counseling ser#ices are essential parts of responding to o#ercomese#ere emotional and psychological e-ects on #ictims*

• ;inancial support and ser#ices – Ahe plan should identify resources that are a#ailable to a-ected

orkers such as

– continuation of health care and other bene)ts

– orkers compensation

– social ser#ices that can pro#ide food+ shelter or other needs+ – federal aid if the area is declared a national disaster area*

• 'orkplace operations

– process for reco#ery so that operations can continue*

– E*g* Contingency plans should be de#eloped for ha#ing backup systems

to protect documents+ computer )les and other critical data*




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Step -: ,val.ate and Modify the Plan

• Ahe committee should re#ie the plan on a

periodic basis and after practice drills to makesure it reects the current ork situation*

• Names and numbers as ell as emergency

contacts need to be kept current*• ,ny reno#ations or changes in oor plans

must be re#ieed to see ho they ill impactthe emergency action and e#acuation plans*

• Periodic drills gi#e sta- a chance to practicehat to do in an emergency and pro#ide#aluable information on changes that need to

be made*



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ERP

5* Gulnerability assessments

* Emergency medical facility

Important elements for ERP


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/.lnera0ility assessments

•

Ahe )rst step is to )nd hich haBards pose a threatto any speci)c enterprise $list of haBards&

• E*g* emergency planners need to determine ifother nearby facilities may pose a haBard or any

to(ic materials that may cause unsafe conditions*• Important sources of information

– records of past incidents

– occupational e(perience

– knoledge of both technological $chemical or physical&and natural haBards by consulting ith e(ternalorganiBations such as )re departments+ engineeringconsultants+ and go#ernment departments*




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Chain of command

• Ahe employer should designate an emergency responsecoordinator and a backup coordinator*

• Ahe coordinator should be dran from management ranks+possibly the engineering manager+ safety manager oren#ironmental compliance manager*

• Employees should kno ho the designated coordinatoris*

• Duties of the coordinator and employer include – Determining hat emergencies may occur and seeing that

emergency procedures are de#eloped to address each situation* – Directing all emergency acti#ities including e#acuation of

personnel*

– Ensuring that outside emergency ser#ices are noti)ed hennecessary*

– Directing the shutdon of plant operations hen necessary




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,mergency respond teams !,R

• ERA are the )rst lines of defense in emergencies*

• ERA members should be thoroughly trained for potentialcrises and physically capable of carrying out their duties

• Aeam members need to kno about to(ic haBards in theorkplace and be able to .udge hen to e#acuatepersonnel or hen to rely on outside help

• 0ne or more teams must be trained in – 9se of #arious types of )re e(tinguishers*

– ;irst aid+ including cardiopulmonary resuscitation $CPR&

– blood borne pathogens risk*

– Shutdon procedures*

– Chemical spill control procedures*

– Search and emergency rescue procedures*

– /aBardous materials emergency response*




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'larms and comm.nication systems

• In a situation re!uiring e#acuation+ the)rst step is to let all occupants kno theymust lea#e the building*

•Describe to the orkers the alarm systemused O 0ccupants must kno hichalarm means to e#acuate*

•

,larms must be both seen and heard* Ahere must also be an e-ecti#e means tonotify indi#iduals ith disabilities*




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S.ppression Systems

• Suppression systems are designed to putout )res*

• Ahere are many types of suppression

systems+ and not all are suited for e#erysituation*

• Most common are automatic ater"based

sprinkler systems $there are manydi-erent kinds& and dry chemical $carbondio(ide& systems*

•

Ahese may be connected to a




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,vac.ation planning

•

,t the time of an emergency+ employees should knohat type of e#acuation is necessary and hat theirrole is in carrying out the plan $partial or completee#acuation&*

• Ahe goal is to e#acuate people and mo#e resources$e!uipment+ supplies+ in#entory& out of threatenedareas*

• Ahe designation of refuge or safe areas for e#acuationshould be determined and identi)ed in the plan*

• Should establish methods of arning employees andcustomers

• Maps indicating e#acuation routes from buildings and

the facility site is important*




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,vac.ation planning$$ !cont#

• Escape routes must meet the folloing criteria – Ahere are enough e(its* – E(its are not blocked*

– E(its are clearly marked* $Many emergency situations in#ol#e smoke and)re that make it diKcult to see*&

– Ahe routes to the e(its must be ide enough to accommodate the

number of occupants normally in the building* – E(its lead to a public thoroughfare $not to a closed area+ like a

courtyard&*

– Escape routes do not lead through any area that may cause more dangerto the e#acuees $such as an area here haBardous materials are stored&*

– Secondary routes are a#ailable in case the primary route is blocked

• ,ssuring that all personnel kno the e#acuation routes+ routines+and check"in procedures for both area and site e#acuations

• ,n organiBed head count to ensure that all facility occupants ha#ee(ited O establish a system for identifying missing persons




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Resc.e and emergency medical facility

• Ahe employer should )nd out hich medical facilitiesare closest to them*

• Ahe committee should take a look at the orkplace tomake sure that it is accessible to emergency ser#ices*

•

In certain cases it may be necessary to ha#eemergency medical and rescue ser#ices on site+ fore(ample – employers in remote areas

– high security situations or

– employers ith high haBard operations*

• It may help to coordinate an emergency action planith the outsider responders such as the )redepartment+ hospital emergency room+ and EMS

pro#iders*



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