39
תתתתת תתתתתת תתתתתת תתתתתת תתתתת תתתתתElena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College Advanced Laboratory for Characterization of Semiconductor Devices (31820)

Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

מתקדמת מעבדההתקנים לאפיון

הבאים .ברוכיםElena Smith Vladislav Shteeman

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT

Braude College

Advanced Laboratory for Characterization of Semiconductor Devices (31820)

Page 2: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

: המעבדה שעות 3+1 משך

: קדם למחצה קורס 31350מוליכים: המעבדה '2.5 משקל נק

: הציון הרכבמעבדה – • 100%דוחות

: הקורס למעבר תנאים

ב – • לפחות פגישות 11השתתפות•) מסכמים ) + מכינים הדוחות כל הגשת

Page 3: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

למעבדה עזר חומרספרותB. V. Zeghbroeck, “Principles of semiconductor

devices” (http://ecee.colorado.edu/~bart/book/)

: הקורס של האינטרנט אתרכל את נמצאים הקורס באתר , שאלות למעבדות המדריכיםהדוחות, לכתיבת הנחיות הכנה

וכו'. www.devices-lab.ee-

braude.com

Page 4: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

: הניסויים רשימת ' מס ).1מעבדה פאסיביים ( R-C-Lרכיבים) אחת) פגישה ' מס (.2מעבדה פגישות ) שתי דיודה ' מס (.3מעבדה ( - אחת פגישה וולטאי פוטו תא ' מס (MOSקבל .4מעבדה אחת ) פגישה ' מס MOS( 2)טרנזיסטור .5מעבדה פגישות

Page 5: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

הערותהיא • הדוחות וכתיבת במעבדה עבודה

. בלבד בזוגותלהעדרות • מוצדקת סיבה ויש במידה

עם – המעבדה את להשלים ניתן מהשיעור. האחרון בשיעור או השנייה הקבוצה

Page 6: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

מכינים דוחותכתוב" • יוגש ח בלבד הדו יד אין .בכתב

" מודפס ח דו .להגיש• . " לחוד חו הדו את יגיש סטודנט אין כל

. בזוגות הגשה• . ההכנה שעלות כל על לענות חובה

מהמעבדות אחת לכל הכנה שאלותמדריכי של האחרון בעמוד נמצאות

האינטרנט ) באתר הנמצאות מעבדות) הקורס של

Page 7: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

מסכמים דוחות• " ל" לדוא אלקטרונית בהגשה יוגש ח הדו

[email protected]הדו"ח יוגש לא יאוחר משבועיים מעת ביצוע •

הניסוי פגישות )דהיינו, 2דוחות עבור הניסויים שעורכים •

( יוגשו עד שבועיים MOSדיודה וטונזיסטור לאחר הפגישה השנייה )שני חלקי הניסוי ביחד(

Page 8: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

בלבד" • בזוגות יוגש ח הדו• . " דף על אחראי סטודנט יהיה ח דו כל על

על אחראי הוא המגישים בין מי יצויין שער . ח" הדו

•: מעבדה דוחות על האחראיות חלוקתקבל + + RCL – 1סטודנט – סולארי תא

MOSטרנזיסטור – + 2סטודנט – MOSדיודה

מסכמים (דוחות המשך)

Page 9: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

• " " בצורה להיות ח דו עם ל הדוא של הנושא עלהבאה:

DevicesLab-Report#−Lab Name−STUDENT

NAMES . רווחים ללאלדוגמה:

DevicesLab-Report1−RCL−Cohen-LeviDevicesLab-Report2−Diode−Cohen-LeviDevicesLab-Report3−SolarCell−Cohen-LeviDevicesLab-Report4−MOSCAP−Cohen-LeviDevicesLab-Report5−MOSFET−Cohen-Levi

מסכמים (דוחות המשך)

Page 10: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

קובץ • של השם בצורה WORDעל להיותהבאה:

Lab Name−STUDENT NAMES . רווחים ללא

לדוגמה:RCL−Cohen-Levi.docxDiode−Cohen-Levi.docxSolarCell−Cohen-Levi.docxMOSCAP−Cohen-Levi.docxMOSFET−Cohen-Levi.docx

מסכמים (דוחות המשך)

Page 11: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

מסכמים (דוחות המשך)• " באתר נמצאית טוב מסכם ח לדו דוגמה

הקורס

החומר • העברת עם יופסלו זהים דוחות. משמעת לוועדת

הקודמות" • משנים הנתונים עם חות דולוועדת החומר העברת עם יופסלו

משמעת.

Page 12: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Foxit PDF Document

בטיחות הוראות

כלליים הוראותFoxit PDF Document – הוראות

מעבדה לאפיון Foxit PDFהתקנים

Document בטיחות טופס

Page 13: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College
Page 14: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

למעבדה להביא אסורושתיה אוכל

Page 15: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

פסיביים רכיביםR-C-L

Page 16: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Ideal resistor is a two-terminal electronic component that produces across its terminals a voltage which is proportional to the electric current passing through the component in accordance with the Ohm's law: U = IR.

It is assumed that ideal resistor has frequency-independent purely real impedance: ZR)f( = R .

Model of ideal Resistor

Page 17: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Ideal capacitor is a two-terminal electronic component that characterized by a single constant value, capacitance, which is measured in farads. This is the ratio of the electric charge on each conductor plate to the potential difference between them: C = q/U.

It is assumed that capacitor is a circuit opening for DC and has purely imaginary frequency-dependent impedance ZC)f( = -i/)2πfC( .

Model of ideal Capacitor

Page 18: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Ideal inductor (coil) is a two-terminal electronic component that can store energy in a magnetic field created by the electric current passing through it. A coil's ability to store magnetic energy is measured by its inductance (in units of Henries). Typically, an inductor is a conducting wire shaped as a coil, the loops helping to create a strong magnetic field inside the coil due to Faraday's Law of Induction: |ε|=N•|dФB/dt| (where |ε| is the magnitude of the electromotive force (in volts), N is the number of turns of wire and ФB is the magnetic flux (in Webers) through a single loop).

It is assumed that coil is a short circuit for DC and has purely imaginary frequency-dependent impedance : ZL)f( = i2πfL .

Model of ideal Coil

Page 19: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

In sum up, for ideal components, Z)f( is purely real for R, and purely imaginary for C and L. For L, the phase of Z)f( is rotated by angle π/2 , while for C, it is rotated by angle - π/2.

Page 20: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Nevertheless, in any real passive component always present some physical factors (i.e. input-output contacts, interface contacts of different chemical materials inside the component etc), preventing it from functioning as an ideal one. In order to account for these factors and accurately predict the performances of the component under different operation conditions, the concept of equivalent circuits, representing a single real passive element as an array of different ideal passive elements was introduced. Thus, each true passive component has a complex impedance function, Z)f(, which can be decomposed onto the real and imaginary parts (active Re(Z)f(), and reactive Im(Z)f() parts).

Page 21: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Note that the same element can be represented by a number of equivalent circuits. Different equivalent circles reflect correctly different operation modes of the same component.

Page 22: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Equivalent circle of Resistor

Page 23: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

It can be shown that for the equivalent circle of resistor, the real part of the impedance, Re(Z)f(), has a form:

Page 24: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Impedance Z)f( characteristics of resistor )R = 150 kΩ, frequency range - 100Hz – 1MHz(. As one can see, the higher the frequency )even though 1MHz,the highest frequency applied, is NOT a high frequency(, the stronger the influence of the CR shunt and the lower the impedance, Z)f(.

Example of Z(f) characteristics

Page 25: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Different types of resistors

chip network resistor

chip variable resistor

square plate chip resistor

Page 26: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Classification of resistorsby material used

Fixed resistors Variable resistors

Page 27: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Other classifications of resistors

Destinationgeneral purposes

specialpurposes

• high – voltage (U ~10 kV)• high – resistance (R 10 MΩ – 1 TΩ, U 100 – 400 V)• high – frequency (working frequency up to 1kHz)• precise (accuracy up to 0.001 %)

Page 28: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Equivalent circle of Capacitor

Page 29: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Impedance Z)f( characteristics of capacitor )C = 140 µF, frequency range - 100Hz – 1MHz(. The higher the frequency, the stronger the influence of C shunt and the lower the impedance, Z)f(.

Example of Z(f) characteristics

Page 30: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Classification of capacitorsCapacitor ↔ 2 conducting plates + dielectric media between them

Classification according to the dielectric type:vacuumgaseous

dielectricliquid

dielectricsolid

inorganic dielectric

solid organic

dielectric

electrolytic &

oxide – semi-

conductor dielectric• glass

• ceramics• inorganic films

• paper • metallized paper• organic films

Page 31: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Capacitors comparison chart

Page 32: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Different types of capacitorsWound capacitor

Page 33: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Different types of capacitorsMultilayer Interleaf

technology

The aims of the Interleaf technology

Page 34: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Equivalent circle of Coil

Page 35: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Impedance Z)f( characteristics of coil )L = 56 mH, frequency range of 100Hz – 10KHz(. The higher the frequency, the stronger the influence of the CL and the higher the impedance, Z)f(.

Example of Z(f) characteristics

Page 36: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

Classification of coilsCoil ↔ coil of conducting material, )typically copper wire(, wrapped around a core )either of air or of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material(

Classification according to the core type:Air core coil

Radio frequency inductors

Ferromagnetic

core coil

Ferrite-core

inductor

Toroidal core coils

Laminated core coil

use a magnetic core made of a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material such as iron or ferrite to increase the inductance.

stacks of thin steel sheets or laminations oriented parallel to the field, with an insulating coating on the surface (low-frequency coils)

ceramic ferrimagnetic material that is nonconductive (figh-frequency coils).

toroidal ferrite core

Page 37: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College

1. Resistor – wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor

2. Capacitor – wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor

3. Inductor (coil) – wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductor

4. “Electronic materials” (online postgraduate course – University of Bolton).

Coils Electrolytic Capacitors Ceramic resistors and capacitors

5. Circuit book (resistors). 6. К. С. Петров. «ПАССИВНЫЕ КОМПОНЕНТЫ РАДИОЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ АППАРАТУРЫ» (Учебное пособие). Резисторы Конденсаторы Катушки индуктивности

References

Dr. Radu Florescu Dr. Vladislav Shteeman

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude

College

Advanced Laboratory for Characterization of Semiconductor Devices (31820)

Page 38: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College
Page 39: Elena Smith Vladislav Shteeman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ORT Braude College