ELEMENTS & SYMBOLS - Wikispaces Web viewThe filament in light bulbs is made of tungsten. 10. ... are sometimes used to build aircraft. N4/5: REACTION OF METALS WITH OXYGEN; N4/5; Copy

National 4 & 5 Chemistry Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples

NATIONAL 4 AND NATIONAL 5 CHEMISTRY

Unit 3: Chemistry in Society

METAL CHEMISTRY & ELECTROCHEMISTRY

PRACTICE EXAMPLES BOOKLET

N4/5 METAL REACTIVITY AND DATE OF DISCOVERY N4/5

Q1) Using the N5 Chemistry Data Booklet; complete the REACTIVITY SERIES OF METALS with the Date of Discovery.

document.docx Page 1 of 18 5-May-23


REACTIVITY SERIES OF METALS

METAL DATE OF DISCOVERY

potassium (K)

sodium (Na)

lithium (Li)

calcium (Ca)

magnesium (Mg)

aluminium (Al)

zinc (Zn)

iron (Fe)

tin (Sn)

lead (Pb)

copper (Cu)

mercury (Hg)

silver (Ag)

gold (Au)

Q2) What conclusion can be drawn from the metals reactivity and the date it was discovered.

N4/5 METALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES N4/5

1. Match the following terms to their definitions

electrical conductor lustrous malleablesonorous flexible ductile thermal conductor

All metals are shiny when polished or freshly cut



Metals do not break – they bend

Metals can be drawn into wires

Metals can be hammered into sheets

Metals ring like a bell when hit - they do not make a dull thud

All metals conduct electricity

Metals allow energy to flow through them, causing heating

2. Which of the following are NOT properties of most metals?

strong magnetic high melting pointbrittle hard

3. Metal application is based on the properties that the metal or alloy will have. Identify the properties of the metals which are important for the following uses.


1. Saucepans are made of copper, iron, steel or aluminium

5. Bells are made of bronze (an alloy of copper and tin) or brass (an alloy of copper and zinc)

3. Springs are usually made of steel (an alloy of iron)

2. Electrical wires are made of copper

4. A lot of jewellery is made of gold 6. The framework of

skyscrapers is made of iron or steel girders



































































4. A lot of jewellery is made of gold












































6. The framework of skyscrapers is made of iron or steel girders























N4/5 REACTION OF METALS WITH OXYGEN N4/5

1. Copy and complete the following word and formula equations.(N5 students should balance the formula equations.)

(a) metal + oxygen ?

(b) aluminium + oxygen ?+ O2 ?

(c) ? + ? ?

Mg + O2 ?


10. The casing on compasses is made of brass or aluminium

11. Most airplanes today are made out of aluminium. Other metals, such as steel and titanium, are sometimes used to build aircraft

12. Fishing weights marketed in the past were made of lead but those marketed today are Tungsten, brass and steel. 10. The casing on compasses is

made of brass or aluminium10. The casing on compasses is





















made of brass or aluminium


(d) ? + ? ?

Li + O2 ?

(e) ? + ? Copper(ii) Oxide

? + O2 ?

2. Write balanced ionic equations for the above reactions with state symbols.

N4/5 REACTION OF METALS WITH WATER N4/5


(a) metal + water ? + ?

(b) calcium + water ? + ?+ H2O ? + ?

(c) ? + ? ? + ?

Na + H2O ? + ?

(d) ? + ? ? + ?

Li + H2O ? + ?document.docx Page 5 of 18 5-May-23


(e) ? + ? Potassium hydroxide

+ ?

? + H2O ? + ?


N4/5 REACTION OF METALS WITH ACID N4/5


(a) metal + acid ? + ?

(b) lead + Hydrochloric acid

? + ?

? + ? ? + ?

(c) ? + ? ? + ?

Mg + HNO3 ? + ?

(d) ? + ? ? + ?

Ca + H2SO4 ? + ?

(e) Zinc + ? Zinc nitrate + ?

? + ? ? + ?document.docx Page 6 of 18 5-May-23



N4/5 EXTRACTING METALS FROM ORES N4/5

1. Describe briefly the three methods that are used to extract metals from their ores.

2. Which metals occur naturally?

3. Which metals are extracted using carbon?

4. Which metals have to be extracted by electrolysis of their molten ore?

5. Zinc is extracted from zinc(ii) oxide by heating with carbon. The ionic equation for this reaction is shown below.

zinc (ii) oxide + carbon zinc+ carbon dioxide Zn2+O2- (s) + C (s) 2Zn (s) + CO2 (g)

6. In question 5:

a) Which element is reduced?

b) Which element is oxidised?

7. Electrolysis is the decomposition of an electrolyte (a molten or aqueous compound that conducts electricity) using electricity. Complete the following table:

Electrolyte Product at anode Product at cathodedocument.docx Page 7 of 18 5-May-23


(+) (-)Molten sodium chlorideAqueus sodium chlorideMolten aluminum oxideAqueous potassium bromide

8. Look at this diagram for the electrolysis of aluminium oxide and answer the questions that follow:

a) What is the product at the anode?

b) What is the product at the cathode?

c) The anode is made of carbon and burns away (needing to be constantly replaced). What is the product of this burning?

9. Here is a diagram to show the metallic structure of aluminium:

a) Define what a metallic bond is.

b) Explain in terms of structure and bonding why a metal like aluminium has:document.docx Page 8 of 18 5-May-23


i) a high melting point

ii) is relatively strong in tension

iii) is a good conductor of electricity

iv) is malleable (easily shaped)

N4/5 PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION N4/5Find the percent compositions of all of the elements in the following compounds:

1) CuBr2Cu: ___________

Br: ___________

2) NaOHNa: ___________

O: ___________

H: ___________

3) (NH4)2SN: ___________

H: ___________

S: ___________

4) N2S2N: ___________

S: ___________

5) KMnO4K: ___________

Mn: ___________document.docx Page 9 of 18 5-May-23


O: ___________

6) HClH: ___________

Cl: ___________

7) Mg(NO3)2Mg: ___________

N: ___________

O: ___________

8) (NH4)3PO4N: ___________

H: ___________

O: ___________

P: ___________

9) Al2(SO4)3Al: ___________

S: ___________

O: ___________



N5 OXIDATION & REDUCTION N5

1. Copy and complete the following ion-electron equations. Decide if each shows oxidation or reduction reaction and complete.

EXAMPLE:

2. Copy the following redox reactions. Name the reactant that is oxidised and reduced.

EXAMPLE:

Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) + SO4

2-Zn2+(aq) + SO4

2-+ Cu(s)


Mg Mg2+ + 2e- oxidation

(a) Cu2+ + 2e- Cu(b) Br2 + 2e- 2 Br-

(c) Al Al3+ + 3e-

(d) Fe2+ Fe3+ + e-

(e) Cu2+ + e- Cu+

(f) 2 H2O + O2 + 4e-

4OH-

(g) SO32- + H2O SO4

2- + 2H+

+ 2 e-


(aq) (aq)

Zn is oxidised and Cu2+ is reduced.

(a) Ca(s) + Ni2+(aq) + 2 Cl-(aq)

Ca2+(aq) +2 Cl-(aq) + Ni(s)

(b) Cl2(g) + 2 K+(aq) + 2 Br-(aq)

2 K+(aq) +2 Cl-(aq) + Br2(l)

(c) Zn(s) + 2 H+(aq) + SO4

2-(aq)Zn2+(aq) +SO4

2-(aq) + H2(g)

(d) 4 Al(s) + 3 O2(g) 2 (Al3+)2(O2-)3(s)

(e) 3 Mg(s) + (Fe3+)2(O2-)3(s) 3 Mg2+O2-(s) + 2 Fe(l)

(f) Identify any spectator ions in the reactions (a) – (e) and circle them.



N5 ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES RULE 1 N5

1. Here is a list of metals:

copper; potassium; lead; tin; magnesium; sodium; aluminium; nickel; gold; iron.

Place the metals in order of the ability to lose electrons. Place the best at losing electrons first.

2. A pupil set up the following experiment with different pairs of metals.

(a) Place the pairs of metals in order of the size of voltage that would be measured on the voltmeter – largest voltage first.

(b) Which pair of metals would give a reading of 0 V?

(c) Platinum is poorer than gold at giving away electrons. If metal B was platinum:

(i) which metal from the metal A list would give the largest voltage?

(ii) which metal from the metal A list would give the smallestvoltage?


voltmeter

METAL B

Filter paper soaked in salt solution.

METAL A

METAL A METAL Bzinc tin

nickel iron

calcium silver

copper copper

gold silver


N4 ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES RULE 2 DISPLACEMENT N4

1. Use the electrochemical series to predict if a displacement reaction will take place.

Metal Solution Displacement(yes / no) Products of Reaction

(a) zinc nickel(II) chloride

(b) calcium copper(II) sulfate

(c) zinc magnesium sulfate

(d) lead mercury(II) nitrate

(e) magnesium tin(II) chloride

(f) copper copper(II) iodide

(g) gold silver nitrate

(h) magnesium sulfuric acid

(i) aluminium hydrochloric acid

(j) gold nitric acid

2. Write the word equations and underneath the formula equations for the displacement reactions in question 1.(N5 students should balance the formula equations.)



N5 WRITING REDOX EQUATIONS N5

Combine the oxidation and reduction reactions below to write the redox reaction.

1. Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 e- oxidation

Pb2+(aq) + 2 e- Pb(s) reduction

2. Fe(s) Fe2+(aq) + 2 e- oxidation

Ag+(aq) + e- Ag(s) reduction

3. Li(s) Li+(aq) + e- oxidation

Al3+(aq) + 3 e- Al(s) reduction

4. Al(s) Al3+(aq) + 3 e- oxidation

2 H+(aq) + 2 e- H2(g) reduction

5. Mg(s) Mg2+(aq) + 2 e- oxidation

Fe3+(aq) + 3 e- Fe(s) reduction

6. Cu(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2 e- oxidation

Au+(aq) + e- Au(s) reduction

7. Na(s) Na+(aq) + e- oxidation

Br2(l) + 2 e- 2 Br-(aq) reduction

8. Al(s) Al3+(aq) + 3 e- oxidation

I2(s) + 2 e- 2 I-(aq) reduction



N5 ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES RULE 3 N5

Here is an electrochemical cell:

The table below shows various pairs of metals, which were used to make the electrochemical cell:

METAL A METAL B DIRECTION OF THE ELECTRON FLOW

magnesium tin From magnesium to tin

lead aluminium

copper gold

nickel magnesium

tin copper

silver lead

gold iron

calcium zinc

1. Use the Electrochemical Series to predict the direction of electron flow of each pair of metals. The first pair has been done for you.

2. Using the Electrochemical Series and the “Z” to write the ion-electron equations for the reactions taking place in each cell. For each cell state which substance is oxidised and which substance which is reduced.

Here is the first one done for you.

Mg(s) Mg2+(aq) + 2e- Mg is oxidised.

Sn2+(aq) + 2e- Sn(s) Sn2+ is reduced.

N5 RESEARCH & RESPORT [2.1 AND 2.2] N5


Solution containing ions of metal A.

Solution containing ions of metal B.Ion

Bridge

METAL A METAL BV


Assessment Activity 2In activity 2, candidates will produce a short report, of 50–100 words or equivalent, which covers both Assessment Standards 2.2 and 2.3. The candidate should, with guidance from the assessor, select an application of chemistry from a key area of this Unit, which they will investigate. The candidate should describe the use of the application and consider the effect of this application on the environment/society. This should be done individually by the pupil and conducted under supervised conditions.

Research Task Focus of Research task Success Criteria2.2

Describing anapplication

By using the chemistry knowledge you have learned in this sub-topic describe an application in everyday life/society. This means use your unit 2 learning intentions to explain a situation where the chemistry knowledge you have learned has been used and put into operation in a real life situation.

Evidence must demonstrate that the candidate has a clear understanding of the chemistry related to the application and its effect on the environment/society.

The candidate’s report should make statements that are relevant to the application and to the issue, which demonstrate understanding of the underlying chemistry.These should use terms and ideas that are correct and at a depth appropriate to National 5 Chemistry. [key mandatory areas]

2.3Describing a

chemical issue interms of the effect

on theenvironment/

society

When chemistry is used in a real life situation it can be a benefit to society but sometimes can cause unwanted problems for society and has an impact on the environment. Highlight if possible a chemical issue that comes from a particular application of chemistry learned in this topic. It can be a chemical issue related or unrelated to the environment for example health etc.

RESEARCH & REPORT [2.2 & 2.3] CHEMISTRY N5

FUEL CELLdocument.docx Page 17 of 18 5-May-23


INTRODUCTIONFor the past few years, the forklift trucks used in all Walmart and Pepsi warehouses have been powered by fuel cells.

Use the internet to research and write a short report, balanced article for a scientific magazine on the applications of modern hydrogen fuel cells and their impact on society and the environment.

Make sure you include details of some of the chemistry involved (including at least one method of obtaining the hydrogen) and at the end of the piece, list all the websites and other sources you have looked at during your research, even if you have not quoted from them directly.


Documents

ELEMENTS & SYMBOLS - Wikispaces Web viewThe filament in light bulbs is made of tungsten. 10. ... are sometimes used to build aircraft. N4/5: REACTION OF METALS WITH OXYGEN; N4/5; Copy