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settingThe time, place, and
atmosphere of a story including…
geographical location (London, Texas, the Caribbean, etc.)
time period (1904, WWII, the 60’s, etc.)
setting
The socio-economic characteristics of the location (wealthy suburbs, dustbowl, etc.)
He specific location building, room, vehicle…(school, kitchen, bus, military bus, etc.)
setting
can also be used to tell the reader about the character, atmosphere, and to “set up” the the story
charactersThe people, animals, things,
force, etc., appearing in a literary work…
protagonist – main characterantagonist - the character
or force in conflict with the protagonist
charactersround character – shows
many different traits, good and bad
dynamic character – develops and grows during the course of a story
characters
flat character – shows very few character traits
static character – changes little, if at all, during a story
Gustav Freytag, a 19th century German novelist, saw common patterns in the plots of stories and created Freytag’s Pyramid which consists of five main elements
plot
plotexposition – introduces the
characters, setting, and the basic situation
rising action – all the events leading up to the climax
climax – the high point of interest or suspense
plot
falling action – follows the climax and leads up to the resolution
resolution – the end of the central conflict
plot
inciting incident – introduces the central conflict; occurs after the exposition and before the rising action
point of viewThe perspective from which
a story is told
1st person narrator – a character tells the story; can be main or minor character
point of view
omniscient 3rd person narrator – a person outside the story narrates the story and can tell what all characters think and feel
point of viewlimited third-person narrator
– a person outside the story narrates the story and can see the world through one character’s eyes and reveals only that character’s thoughts and feelings***
point of view
*** with 3rd-person limited, other characters thoughts and feelings are revealed through their dialogue and actions
themeThe central message or
insight to life revealed through a literary work
may be stated directly or implied by the events and actions in the story
symbol
Anything that stands for something else
A lion can be a symbol for courage.
A heart can be a symbol of love.
imageryDescriptive or figurative
language used to create word pictures for the reader; will appeal to any or all of the five senses (sight, sound, taste, touch, & smell)
tone
The writer’s attitude toward his audience and/or subject
can usually be described by a single adjective