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ECE 231 Area 3 Introduction to Electronics . "

Electronics - exams.skule.ca · -Operational Amplifier Circuits Circuit Model for Amplifier Lecture 3: 1/9/2020 Lecture I: 1/6/2020- Frequdncy 1soor=AmI# loaded Response of Amplifier

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Page 1: Electronics - exams.skule.ca · -Operational Amplifier Circuits Circuit Model for Amplifier Lecture 3: 1/9/2020 Lecture I: 1/6/2020- Frequdncy 1soor=AmI# loaded Response of Amplifier

ECE231 Area3

Introduction to

Electronics

.

"

Page 2: Electronics - exams.skule.ca · -Operational Amplifier Circuits Circuit Model for Amplifier Lecture 3: 1/9/2020 Lecture I: 1/6/2020- Frequdncy 1soor=AmI# loaded Response of Amplifier

Operational Amplifier Circuits

-Circuit Model for Amplifier Lecture 3: 1/9/2020Lecture I : 1/6/2020 -1soor=AmI#loaded

FrequdncyResponse of AmplifierAmplifier source amp-

-Load

Amplifier as blackfoot q¥÷./ VI¥" AF Etanfidea"↳ Manipulates electric signal In general Creal amplifier) → Transfer function

Ideal Amplifier-

input a Amp output Vo=AvoVir¥ Iink ) Au=T(w)=V÷ f Amplitude ITCH=AuVs¥kin¥i- very low Rooted Phase LTCW)voltagecurrentpower - -

Becomes I Becomes I

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signalsVoHageGainCAtorn , 20dB ④ An. → open circuit voltage gain ↳w- IOVN-720dB → Measure open circuit

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an independent source into zero LOW Passf High Pass Filters- Auto Auto Afl y

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Page 3: Electronics - exams.skule.ca · -Operational Amplifier Circuits Circuit Model for Amplifier Lecture 3: 1/9/2020 Lecture I: 1/6/2020- Frequdncy 1soor=AmI# loaded Response of Amplifier

Lecture 4 : 1/13/2020 Lecture 5 : 1/1412020 EC 313en Transconductance amplifier

⇒ Ideal Ricer? rs0 Difference Amplifier

u Howdowegetvo?" Integrator of Differentiator

MaximizeVi⇒Ri=O¥fTgk¥oT§r÷Igr. FRY ⇒ superposition :

Invertingcircuit

A"%Igtr9es⇒Ro=o L # u¥fFT→V°①Vz=o⇒vo=-Renu , v. -EtfIou. VE- ET Vimy, .cienvoltagega.in Vow vz TER,

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Get input resistance

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Ideal op-amp circuits- ET.fi"

↳ Any DC component at the input causes Vo to

Vj, VEACH -V- I 0 Instrumentation amplifier saturate ! ! climitvo)

Ideal op-amp when Again) -700 ↳ Non - inverting configuration- voltage source connected to ⇒ Add

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positive terminal-0, Vi . -

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Positive vs Negative feedback0 Differentiate

olnverting Configuration with general impedance-

oOpen Loop Amplifier VI-F.IE#.IoVoVoz=-SRC÷÷i÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷.ru#*uo=acu-nvo*....ic*dt097¥!"

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inert!!.fr?y;.gmg!!!IYo=-riE-ratEsthEt ↳ No feedback 0dB ⇒ Not really useful

IT.IE#FR3tETRT/---RrfVI-Rff.EiE-RrfH ↳ Very difficult to design an amplifier Gharpsoundchighfreqlis amplified)

↳No Vo= - Rep,v±cµr*+q÷, with a desired gainet] Order the circuits from high-low input resistance

• High Rin ⇒ High RI . High gain ⇒ High Rz&R4 .Make Rs small enoughy.it#-ww-1.fmw-.2oNon-inverting amplifier

0 Negative feedback circuit I÷E¥I¥I.!¥ie¥¥!nee.¥I¥¥÷okey I /

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0 Usefulness of Unity -gain buffer ↳creates' unstable

'

system and What if op-amp terminals are reversed? ?

Ri=5kR Rz -40kt Vcc HOV

votoofoorowrmspspea.ee. = output tends to reach extremegoer iokr

mpinornoeoo.IE#IoEI9d8Eaker' 'I'IYf7fm

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vonysaturated hY-¥→vo iTovoIii vo-o.lvrmspspeaieer-co.io#=Ixio-3w RI THY) Vad .

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Csatorated)

Page 4: Electronics - exams.skule.ca · -Operational Amplifier Circuits Circuit Model for Amplifier Lecture 3: 1/9/2020 Lecture I: 1/6/2020- Frequdncy 1soor=AmI# loaded Response of Amplifier

Lecture 7: 1/20/2020 Lecture 8-9 : 1/21423/2020 ex) Inters 'd

HA2540.EC314

ex) Miller Integrator IKOMA, Io#0nA. GBP-400MHz RTL

DC imperfections ftp.y-itatz#--tIBz-Iml . Bandwidth in time domain- a) Rz to compensate

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-need To solve finna! v±o-%i¥Iov. YEE - RE,⇒⇐

Vos#± ③ compensate Lecture 9 - 10 : 1/23427/2020W Vos IDC offset voltage ↳ Ideal op-amp A too

IB= Biased current . Real op-amp

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: A constant Limitations of op-amp → understand those

① Model real op-amp having a constant A- andtaoothem !

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-1① Output voltage saturation → upperflower limit of Vat

① IBI

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① Vos Cotfset DC voltage) KEY -11%7=0 Vo=ACVt -VII - AV- ②Output current saturation → Limit into continual

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or -am

SR=dd¥/ma, ⇒ Cannot make rate of

Fs ⇒ Same am plication a' any ,Ao⇒osaoodB, * w⇒xf Change faster than

signal . Faff' 041 's SR=tHMs) slew rate.

OWAYS to compensate

lminim'Re Vos AtoseorRea¥a* -V y:%h%ge ex) Unity gain buffer,ACW)=µA 741 OP amp ff÷Bpe, ! ⇒ Distorted W-E2-kxlooradb.SE#V/MS

I. Trimming I ttdodcbfopffcifgr Wb A- "Tisdale't ¥%qm% Find the largest step CVII

Signal CAC coupling) ACWeft-II.gg/nEfbCbreakfreaffeconitygaintrea, possible without slew rate limiting↳ fgraemauejfcayrswhergrop ↳ tremens where #

1-1W-EW3dB

,as it is unity gain .

.

CRI Mt)v.fi#-VoVo=VICl-e--v-YqffaYigaendsVIo-ltnfov-fyzL-ovoW-Fto'Wb LAdd¥=V e-tr=VI' Wears

°- " I * In high-frequency, -45,! ⑨ to

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I l I Vee '

op-amp shows low-pass Ideal ,

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M¥4,40Wend)vogC%¥o=µ, transfer function -900 . -- - --

--- . -

- --! F-wtf VI -- 0.159 V .

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The effect of Vos is R2 4Max. frequency sine wave an op-amp can produceNULL"

reduced funny,÷¥¥Iw.

v¥=CH4rKt¥#) at maximum amplitude without slew rate limiting

② Biasing current ftp.E/4tcH#*Oo+;*w.TlqYeIIerrigqb..:u..aamp,

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Vo=R2IBl wzdpj-W-t~CHRTCHCHEK.FI! > f¥=2IfVomaxC0SC2TLfH

.EEL HIT xCHE.tl#ww..y I¥Imax= 5kNoft.TK#yQIBilE-X Gain Bandwidth ProductCGBP) Utama= #OVO- ex)Op-amp 741 ,

Vcc=Vomax=IIOYSR=IlWMsecEf¥±.non. " Its '⇒. FIE".fireal:*:*. weather.tw..'It'÷÷:÷EY÷i÷÷

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very small I -45.9kHzWbW'3dB We

> WNote Thereis a tradeoff IAINo Ways to compensate IB .

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=Ios ' Rz (HART) XFSDBXZTEIMHZXZTL = 625MHz @ so .lv =HMH2⑤2Vpp

Page 5: Electronics - exams.skule.ca · -Operational Amplifier Circuits Circuit Model for Amplifier Lecture 3: 1/9/2020 Lecture I: 1/6/2020- Frequdncy 1soor=AmI# loaded Response of Amplifier

DIODES Lecture 12 : 1/30/2020 maltase ECEZ315Diode Models In many situations , we want to analyze

Instantvoltage behaviour of circuit subject to small variations

Lecture It: 1/28/2020 Ideal drop CAD) Exponentialaround normal operating point

--in in

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Diodes Ttt 89rerenwta.fi?wsEoIErren-i Flo t.o.am7¥:&:;;÷¥ ex) Assume supply voltage varies 5VIO.su .

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Page 6: Electronics - exams.skule.ca · -Operational Amplifier Circuits Circuit Model for Amplifier Lecture 3: 1/9/2020 Lecture I: 1/6/2020- Frequdncy 1soor=AmI# loaded Response of Amplifier

extend I that TO Lecture 16 : 2/10/2020 Voltage doubler ECEBIGproduce -450 phase -

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.GE#terwardsoFEEtga..pa:YgeIYaYpoageg.

⇒ Vrippie=fq T ' ''tithers"

"I. Assumef

Diode idealo Full - wave capacitor is

empty initially-

¥¥ -vsquite ① Dior-w⇒oi⇐¥o¥o¥%ain¥¥v.¥47!

" v.no?5itIItovnou.A#ovoTakes 1/2 of = I

Vripple =VPk_ time for ⇒ Ripple voltageZFRC discharging Chippie) halves

I f- It

Page 7: Electronics - exams.skule.ca · -Operational Amplifier Circuits Circuit Model for Amplifier Lecture 3: 1/9/2020 Lecture I: 1/6/2020- Frequdncy 1soor=AmI# loaded Response of Amplifier

Semiconductor Physics ECE231701-Lecture 19 : 2/24/2020Semiconductor-

↳ Halfway between insulator andconductor

↳Conductivity can be controlledelectronically

.

Intrinsic C.Pure) Silicon-

④ fcgvoalnegt → At room temperature ,I some e

-

escapes the⑧-④t⑤ bond and being1 available for conduction⑤ ⑦ Free electron (negative carrier

④ hole (absence of e: positive carrier)

II:÷÷¥¥E¥⇒ota÷÷⇒ very few carriers at room temperature

Extrinsic (Doped) Silicon Ph- junction--

÷÷÷÷:÷÷:i÷÷÷÷÷÷:÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷i÷÷:i÷÷÷÷÷:::i÷÷÷:÷÷i'i: I-- Electric Field CEI

¥o¥¥÷÷it÷÷!i⇒¥I¥I¥E son:*:*...→¥ ions in depletion

:*:#If Deme; onn i'Ee regio

↳ Lack of conductingcarriers

.

Lecture 20 : 2/25/2020

i.n

o

Electricfield CE't

- Created by positive negative ions in depletion region- Stops diffusion of majority carriers

CIDIFF - flow of majority charge carriers )- Swept minority carriers across boundary

CI drift C Is ) - Flow of minority Charge carriers )

② Drift current [holes ④ : n - type → p - type

,I drift

s,¥o¥Ego¥¥I¥ofelectrons -0 : p - type -2 n - type

-7 IDIFF

Diode behaviour from Pn junction-

- Not

① Equilibrium open circuit )o -

P n- o

IDIFFI I drift ) IDFdrift hepepietion

Region

or:÷÷÷÷÷*÷¥i÷:¥¥¥¥

⇒ I net= - Is Gato ration -

current ) Wider depletion region

③ Forward Bias

IDIFF→① '# o

← Idris ¥n

Ip µµn

-1E- Is @VNT- I ) -0 to

use" "

Forward

µ⇒Idris tchwinan.ee?aeE!entionegregign

Equilibrium Iot = I drift

÷,F¥¥ ,Reverse

IDIFFSI drift