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inductive effect
In strict definition, an experimentally observable effect (on
rates of reaction,etc.) of the transmission of charge through a
chain of atoms by electrostaticinduction. A theoretical distinction
may be made between the field effect , andthe inductive effect as
models for the Coulomb interaction between a given sitewithin a
molecular entity and a remote unipole or dipole within the same
entity.The experimental distinction between the two effects has
proved difficult, exceptfor molecules of peculiar geometry, which
may exhibit 'reversed field effects'.Ordinarily the inductive
effect and the field effect are influenced in the samedirection by
structural changes in the molecule and the distinction betweenthem
is not clear. This situation has led many authors to include the
fieldeffect in the term 'inductive effect'. Thus the separation of
values into inductiveand resonance components does not imply the
exclusive operation of athrough-bonds route for the transmission of
the non-conjugative part of the
substituent effect. To indicate the all-inclusive use of the
term inductive, thephrase 'so-called inductive effect' is sometimes
used. Certain moderntheoretical approaches suggest that the
'so-called inductive effect' reflectsa field effect rather than
through-bonds transmission .See also: mesomeric effect , polar
effectSource:
PAC, 1994, 66 , 1077 (Glossary of terms used in physical organic
chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)) on page 1124
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Cite as:IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the
"Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson.
Blackwell ScientificPublications, Oxford (1997). XML on-line
corrected version: http://goldbook.iupac.org (2006-) created by M.
Nic, J. Jirat, B. Kosata; updates compiled by
A. Jenkins. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8. doi:10.1351/goldbook .Last
update: 2010-12-22 ; version: 2.2 .
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