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Electron energy filtering: photovoltaics between electronics
and thermoelectricity
François GIBELLI
IRDEP
Contents
• The hot carrier solar cell concept
• Optical measurement of the carrier temperature
• Energy selective contacts for hot carrier solar cells
• Energy selective electron devices
• Perspectives
2
THE HOT CARRIER SOLAR
CELL CONCEPT
3
1
4
The classical PV cell
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The classical PV cell
6
The classical PV cell
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The classical PV cell
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The classical PV cell
Shockley W., Queisser H.J, Journal of Applied Physics, 1961
About 30% losses by thermalisation 33% max efficiency
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Improving the efficiency
10
Improving the efficiency
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Improving the efficiency
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Improving the efficiency
Ross R.T., Nozik A.J., Journal Applied Physics, 1982
AM 1.5, 300K, 65.72% max
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Improving the efficiency
Dm
How ‘hot’ are the carriers?
OPTICAL MEASUREMENT OF
THE CARRIER TEMPERATURE
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2
15
Hyperspectral Imaging setup
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Generalized Planck’s law
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Generalized Planck’s law
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Carrier temperature
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Quasi Fermi-level splitting
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Energy selective contacts
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Energy selective contacts
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Energy selective contacts
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Energy selective contacts
H
eh
H
H
CH
H
Cext
SST
T
T
T
TE
μ)(qV
μ1qV
D
D
ENERGY SELECTIVE
CONTACTS FOR HOT
CARRIER SOLAR CELLS
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3
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The energy selective contacts
Würfel P., Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 1997
Conibeer G., 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 2003
Aliberti P., Applied Physics Letters, 2011
Le Bris A., PhD Dissertation IRDEP 2011
Feng Y., Applied Physics Letters, 2012
-Introduced by P. Würfel 1997 -Different technical solutions proposed: QD, QW, degenerate p-n junction, impurities
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Energy selective contacts experiments König D., Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 2013
Shrestha S.K., Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 2010
Aliberti P., Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 2010
-SiO2 QD:
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Energy selective contacts experiments
- QW / Wide gap semiconductor Dimmock J.A.R., Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 2014
ENERGY SELECTIVE
ELECTRON DEVICES
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4
• Energy selective electron device study:
•Effect of the electron energy spectrum: kx and kr filtering devices
Gaussian and half Gaussian transmission function
Delta transmission is the most appropriate
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Theoretical work
Humphrey T.E., Physical Review Letters, 2002
Humphrey T.E., Physical Review Letters, 2005
O’Dwyer, IEEE Proceedings, 2005
O’Dwyer, IEEE Proceedings, 2005
• Room temperature electrons behave as cold ones:
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Experimental work
Bhadrachalam P., Nature Communications, 2014
• Computational modeling: Charge transport
Thermoelectric characteristics
DOS and energy levels
Coupling with voltage
• Experimental work III-V substrate
New architectures
Characterisation techniques
31
Perspectives
• Jean Rodière
• Jean-François Guillemoles
• Laurent Lombez
• FOTON-INSA Rennes
• RCAST-Tokyo
• ILV- UVSQ Versailles
• PERCEVAL Project
32
Aknowledgements
33
