11th European Symposium on Electrochemical Engineering 1

11th European Symposium onElectrochemical Engineering

Prague, Czech Republic, 6th June 2017

Electrochemical energy storage for renewable energy integration: zinc-air flow batteries

Belén AmunáteguiTÉCNICAS REUNIDAS

11th European Symposium on Electrochemical Engineering 2

Demonstration of a low cost and environmentally

friendly Zinc Air Energy Storage System for renewable

energy integration

LIFE13ENV/ES/001159

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1. Objectives

2. Partners

3. Renewable energy integration

4. ZAESS technology

5. ZAESS project results

6. Environmental impacts of ZAESS technology

7. Achievements and challenges

Contents

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Objectives

Scalability

PerformanceCost estimates

Environmentalimpact

Legal &Regulatory Dissemination

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Objectives

Scalability

PerformanceCost estimates

Environmentalimpact

Legal &Regulatory Dissemination

1kW

1MW

Benefits for thereduction of CO2

emissions

Constructionand operation

Largescale

facilities

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Objectives

ScalabilityPerformance

Costestimates

Environmentalimpact

Legal &

RegulatoryDissemination

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EPCGeneral contractor

Oil&Gas

Power Environment &

Civil Eng.

Proprietary

Technologies

8,000Employees

3.150 million € sales

95%Non-domestic

market

50countries

7ºOil&Gas

7ºLatin America

3ºMiddle East

Técnicas Reunidas

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Técnicas Reunidas

PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT DIVISION

EnergyStorage

Biorefineries

Environment

Hydrometallurgy

5.000 m2, 60 employees Pilot Plants

Workshop Chemical Analysis

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� National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)

� Founded in 2002, 100 M€ total investment in research facilities

� 2015: Budget 19 m€ (60% self-financing), 190 employees

CENER

Biomass

Energy

WindEnergy

Solar PV

Energy

Solar ThermalEnergy

RenewableEnergy

Integration

Energy inBuildings

Wind Turbine Laboratory(Sangüesa)

2G BiofuelsLaboratory

(Aoiz)

Headquarters(Sarriguren)

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Renewable energy integration I

WHY?

� The consumption of electricity has to be perfectlymatched with the generation of electricity. Energystorage can help deal with fluctuations in demandand generation .

� Energy storage can contribute to better use ofrenewable energy in the electricity system since it canstore energy produced when the conditions forrenewable energy are good but demand may be low (othe other way round).

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Renewable energy integration III

HOW?

http://ease-storage.eu/energy-storage/technologies/

Source: EuropeanAssociation for Storage of Energy:

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Renewable energy integration III

HOW?

ZAESS

technology

http://ease-storage.eu/energy-storage/technologies/

Source: EuropeanAssociation for Storage of Energy:

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ZINC-AIR FLOW BATTERY• Safe• Low cost• Environmentally friendly

ZAESS technology I

Negative

Positive

Cell E0 = 1,6 V

CHARGE

Zinc electrodeposition

Oxygen evolution4��� ⇄ �� � 2��� � 4�

���� ����2� ⇄ � � 4���

2������ �⇄ 2� � �� � 2��� � 4���

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ZINC-AIR FLOW BATTERY• Safe• Low cost• Environmentally friendly

ZAESS technology I

Negative

Positive

Cell E0 = 1,6 V

DISCHARGE

Zinc dissolution

Oxygen reduction�� � 2��� � 4� ⇄ 4���

� � 4��� ⇄ ���� ����2�

2� � �� � 2��� � 4��� ⇄ 2������ �

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ZAESS technology II

(-) Nickel sheet

(+) Nickel mesh

(+) Gas diffusion electrode

Non-optimal, adds mechanical complexity and cost

Robust solution to evaluate system performance (Baseline)

3-electrode solution:

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ZAESS technology III

Power 1 kW

Energy 4 kWh

Voltage 20 V

Current 50 A

Capacity 200Ah

Electrolyte 1.000 L

DoD 20-40%

3 stacks x 20 cells x 500 cm2

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ZAESS technology IV

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ZAESS project results I

� Maximum power: 0,82 kW at 65 A (43 mA/cm2)

� Maximum energy stored: 3,13 kWh at 15 A (10 mA/cm2)

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ZAESS project results II

� Solar (FP5 project, ENK6-CT-2001-80576) - test

Capacity -Ah (orange), current -A(blue)

Solar generation, Spain, 27/5/2017

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ZAESS project results III

� Solar (FP5 project, ENK6-CT-2001-80576) - results

Capacity 52 Ah

Energy 1,14 kWh

Average discharge

voltage

22 V

Average discharge

current

20,4 A

Efficiency 35%

Capacity -Ah (yellow), current -A(green)

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ZAESS project results IV

� Wind (FP5 project, ENK6-CT-2001-80576) - test

Capacity -Ah (orange), current -A(blue)

Wind generation, Spain, 27/5/2017

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ZAESS project results V

� Wind (FP5 project, ENK6-CT-2001-80576) - results

Capacity -Ah (yellow), current -A(green)

Capacity 150 Ah

Energy 2,82

kWh

Average

discharge voltage

18,8 V

Average

discharge current

20,1 A

Efficiency 40%

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ZAESS project results VI

� Durability

Cycles 2000

Time 750 h

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ZAESS project results VI

� Durability

BoT effiency

Coulombic 82%

Voltage 48%

Roundtrip 34%

EoT efficiency

Coulombic 68%

Voltage 34%

Roundtrip 24%

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Achievements and challenges

� Technical viability

� Security

BUT

� Efficiency

� Durability

� Bifunctional air electrode

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Environmental impacts of ZAESS technology I

� Life cycle assesment (LCA)

LCA is a tool that reviews and evaluates the environmental impacts of aproduct or service throughout all stages of life, i.e. extraction,production, distribution, use and recycling or disposal.

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Environmental impacts of ZAESS technology II

� 1MW-4hours battery carbon footprint

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Renewableenergy

Energy mix

Anode

Cathode

Separator

Cell frames

Electrolyte

Electrolyte tank

Piping

BMS

Transport

Use

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

G C

O2E

Q/K

WH

DE

LIV

ER

ED

EXTRACTION AND MANUFACTURING EXTRACTION, MANUFACTURING, TRANSPORT AND USE

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Questions

Project founded by the European Commission under the LIFE+ program. Project LIFE13 ENV/ES/001159

http://www.zaess.eu/info@zaess.eu

http://ddtp.tecnicasreunidas.es/

TÉCNICAS REUNIDAS – Proprietary Technology Developmen t Division