ELECTRIFYINGTRANSPORTATIONWALT EAGER

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe bottom line is that anyone who drives 12,000 miles per year will save from $500 to $1300 each year by driving an electric vehicle, charged at home, rather than a comparable internal combustion engine vehicle. When nearly all Americans have eliminated their dependence on foreign oil at the current cost of $360 billion per year, our economy will improve, our income taxes & national debt will fall because we will no longer be engaged in resource wars. Our health will improve and healthcare costs will decrease because there will be less atmospheric pollution.

PRESENTATION SCOPE

WHO?WHY?WHAT?HOW?WHEN?

OUR BUSINESSES OUR GOVERNMENTWE, THE PEOPLEWHO?

WHO KILLED THE ELECTRIC TRAM?

In 1949, Firestone Tire, Standard oil of California, Phillips Petroleum, General Motors and Mack Trucks were convicted of conspiring to monopolize the sale of buses and related products to local transit companies controlled by National City Lines and other companies;The verdicts were upheld on appeal in 1951.[n 9] The corporations involved were fined only $5000.

Clearly, the profits from their violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act greatly exceeded their fines. Therefore, our government representatives failed to represent us! Such corrupt behavior has been repeated many times. Malfeasance caused the recent financial crisis that nearly became a depression.

During the Academy for Lifelong Learnings Fall term Cliff Trow showed & led the discussion of the DVD, Howard Zinn You Cant Be Neutral on a Moving Train. We learned that we, the people, are responsible for whether our businesses & our government representatives perform in our interests or only their own.

OUR BUSINESSES OUR GOVERNMENTWE, THE PEOPLE

So it is essential that we do the following to get our government and major corporations back on a democratic track:As symbolized above, we are the foundation of our democracy. If we continue to rest on our oars, special interests will take precedence to our detriment.

BUSINESSES & WE, THE PEOPLERecognize businesses constraints.Understand our consumer responsibility.Acquire knowledge from reliable sources. 4. Deduce your plan for consumer action.Execute that plan before distraction.Educate others to do the same.

GOVERNMENTS & WE, THE PEOPLERecognize representatives constraints.Understand citizenship responsibilities.Acquire knowledge from reliable sources. 4. Deduce your plan for citizen action.Execute that plan before distraction.Educate others to do the same.

PRESENTATION TERMSICEV = Internal Combustion Engine VehicleEV = Electric Vehicle = Plug-in EV & Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)

TERMS (CONTINUED)HEV = Hybrid Electric Vehicle. A fossil fuel engine charges a battery. Battery power drives a motor to provide initial vehicle motion. Then the engine takes over to provide motion at higher speeds. PHEV = Plug-in Hybrid EV. Utility power charges the battery. The battery drives a motor until it approaches a discharged state. Then an engine takes over to provide motion and/or recharge the battery.

WHY?PleasantSafeEconomic Geopolitical Value HumanitarianEcological

Personal autosFarm machineryCommercial vehiclesMass transit vehiclesClean power plantsWHAT?

HOW?Identify the threatsPlan strategies Take consumer actionTake citizen actionEducate by example

WHEN?NOW

Improvement Participation vs Time

WHY? - PLEASANTPROS: VEHICLE RESPONSE MINIMUM NOISE NO OFFENSIVE ODORS

VEHICLE RESPONSE

Con: Range limitMitigation: Battery size: vol., wt. & $ Technology improvement Charging infrastructure Exchange infrastructure

RANGE LIMITVaries: 25 300 miles between chargesVaries with: vehicle & battery type, size, etc. road & weather conditions driver skill & discipline.But: daily travel distance is less than 40 milesFor: 75% of drivers so problem is limited & mitigated by battery quick charge & exchange.

RANGE DEPENDS ON ENERGY STORAGE

ICEV: size of fuel tank (gallons) x fuel energy density (kwh/gallon)Tacoma ICEV example: 500 kwh (375 miles)

EV: cell capacity (Ah) x cell # x volts/cellTacoma conversion example: 23 kwh (65 MILES)

Stored Energy Ratio = 22 but Range Ratio = 6 because EV efficiency is 4 times higher.EPA: 1 gallon = 33.7 kwh

RANGE DEPENDS ON VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS Inertial resistance = maAerodynamic Resistance{CAVsquared}Rolling resistance {cW}Climbing resistance = WG

Overcoming Aerodynamic Resistance

COEFFICIENT OF DRAG

Rolling Resistance & Horsepower

Horsepower to overcome rolling resistance, multiply eq 2.6 by speed

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OTHER EV CHARACTERISTICSRegenerative braking recovers energy No energy expenditure while stopped Excellent information & control system Prompts: How to maximize range When and where to recharge

or

RANGE DEPENDS ON BATTERY Cell chemistry & temperatureCell capacity, number & configurationDischarge rate, level & cycle history Charge rate, level & cycle history

CELL DISCHARGE