ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM

IT’S ALL ABOUT ATTRACTION….BABY DAILY JOURNAL

Write down at least three things that you know about electricity and magnetism.

Can you think of anything about electricity or magnetism that you don’t know but would like to discover?

ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

ATOMS

All matter is made up of atoms. Protons and electrons have a basic property called

a charge. Having too many or too few electrons causes an

electrical charge

A CHARGE IS A FORCE

LIKE CHARGES REPEL EACH OTHER

( FORCE OF REPULSION )

(pushes objects apart )

UNLIKE CHARGESATTRACT EACH OTHER(FORCE OF ATTRACTION )

(pulls objects together )

CONDUCTORS – ALLOW ELECTRONS TO FLOW FREELY

INSULATOR – DON’T ALLOW ELECTRONS TO MOVE FREELY

PLASTIC

GLASS

WOOD

RUBBER

ELECTRIC VOCABULARY

ELECTROSCOPE – A DEVICE THAT DETECTS ELECTRICAL CHARGES

ELECTRIC CURRENT – FLOW OF ELECTRONS THROUGH A CONDUCTORRESISTANCE – OPPOSITION TO THE FLOW OF ELECTRICITY

STATIC ELECTRICITY

CAUSED BY THE MOVEMENT OF CHARGES FROM ONE OBJECT TO ANOTHER WITHOUT FURTHER MOVEMENT

CHARGES BEGIN TO BUILD UP

LIGHTNING

CAUSED BY THE MOVEMENT OF WIND THAT PRODUCES A DISCHARGE OF STATIC ELECTRICITY

CAUSED AS ELECTRONS JUMP FROM CLOUD TO CLOUD

BATTERIES What is a wet cell:

A wet cell is composed of a copper and zinc strip, called electrodes. The dilute sulfuric acid found in a wet cell is the electrolyte. Electrolyte is a liquid that has the ability to conduct electricity

BATTERIESA TEMPORARY SOURCE OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

A "dry-cell" battery is essentially composed of a metal electrode or graphite rod (elemental carbon) surrounded by a moist electrolyte paste enclosed in a metal cylinder.

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

An electrical* circuit connects a power source to an electrical device. Ohm's law explains the relationships among the power source, the electric device, and the electric current*.

OPEN CIRCUIT

CLOSED CIRCUIT

SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRUITS

A series circuit has one path for the electricity to move through the circuit.

A parallel circuit has more than one path for the electricity to travel through.

Series circuit

Parallel circuit

MORE VOCABULARY

VOLT – UNIT TO MEASURE ELECTRIC POTENTIAL

AMPERE – UNIT TO MEASURE RATE OF ELECTRON FLOW

POWER – RATE AT WHICHELECTRICAL ENERGY IS CONVERTED TO ANOTHER ENERGY

SWITCH - USED TO BREAK A CIRCUIT

MAGNETISM

FORCE OF ATTRACTION OR REPULSION OF A MAGNETIC MATERIAL

LAW OF MAGNETIC ATTRACTION

LIKE POLES REPEL EACH OTHER

UNLIKE POLES ATTRACT EACH OTHER

KINDS OF MAGNETS

LODESTONE

A NATURAL MAGNETIC ROCK

BAR HORSESHOE

MAGNETIC FIELD

AREA COVERED BY THE MAGNETIC FORCE

THE EARTH AS A MAGNET

THE EARTH EXERTS MAGNETIC FORCES AND IS STRONGEST NEAR THE NORTH AND SOUTH MAGNETIC POLES

ELECTROMAGNETISM

An electromagnet is a strong magnet that can be turned off and on.

Requires electric current to operate