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Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
Sustainability of projectSustainability of project WIND TURBINE GENERATIONWIND TURBINE GENERATION
May May 20042004
Research and Development OfficeResearch and Development OfficeElectricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
Wind Power Generation Technology
has been introduced in Thailand since
1983.This is mainly attributed to field
test works by Electricity Generating
Authority of Thailand (EGAT).
There are several institutions that
concerning in the field of assessment
wind energy, developing performance
testing and monitoring of wind turbine
for generating electricity.
BackgroundsBackgrounds
Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
EGAT has established an experimental EGAT has established an experimental
station located in the southernmost of station located in the southernmost of
Phuket Island, nPhuket Island, nearear the Andaman Sea. the Andaman Sea.
At this particular site, where is strong At this particular site, where is strong
south-west wind from the Andaman - south-west wind from the Andaman -
Sea during monsoon periods, is an ideal Sea during monsoon periods, is an ideal
location for WTG experiment. location for WTG experiment.
There are three commercially availableThere are three commercially available
WTG installed; two of 10 kW, Excel from WTG installed; two of 10 kW, Excel from
USA and one of 150 kW, from Denmark.USA and one of 150 kW, from Denmark.
BackgroundsBackgrounds
Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
Two of 10 kW are utilized for battery charging station in the year 1993. Two of 10 kW are utilized for battery charging station in the year 1993.
The 150 kW WTG was connected to the local distribution grid of PEA The 150 kW WTG was connected to the local distribution grid of PEA
in the year 1996.The 150 kWin the year 1996.The 150 kW
WTG was successfully WTG was successfully
demonstrated at Promthep demonstrated at Promthep
Alternative Energy Station, Alternative Energy Station,
Phuket Island with Phuket Island with annually annually
generates 200,000 kWh togenerates 200,000 kWh to
the distribution grid. the distribution grid.
BackgroundsBackgrounds
Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
WWind speed and directionind speed and direction
in Thailandin Thailand
NE- MONSOONNE- MONSOONNovember-AprilNovember-April
SW- MONSOONSW- MONSOONMay-OctoberMay-October
Phuket Island Phuket Island
The The annual annual mean wind speed is varimean wind speed is vari
es from 2.5 m/ses from 2.5 m/s in the Northern part in the Northern part
up to 5.0 m/s in the Southern part of up to 5.0 m/s in the Southern part of
Thailand. Thailand.
Some specific Some specific areaarea of Phuket Island of Phuket Island
have been measured and evaluated bhave been measured and evaluated b
yy EGAT , the result show that theEGAT , the result show that the
monthly wind speed is varies frommonthly wind speed is varies from
3.8 to 9.8 m/s3.8 to 9.8 m/s
Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
Wind Turbine Wind Turbine GenerationGeneration
150 kW150 kW
19961996
Location of Promthep Alternative Energy Station, Phuket IslandLocation of Promthep Alternative Energy Station, Phuket Island
Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
Monthly mean wind speed (m/s) in Phuket IslandMonthly mean wind speed (m/s) in Phuket Island
36AVERAGE WIND SPEEDS (m/s) at m. HEIGHT
AAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAA,
AAAA AAA Feb Mar AAA May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average
1994 4.5 4.5 4.7 3.5 6.9 6.1 6.4 5.5 6.0 3.4 3.5 4.4 5.0
1995 5.4 4.9 4.4 3.9 4.3 5.3 4.1 6.1 6.8 4.1 4.9 4.8 4.9
1996 5.0 6.2 4.5 4.0 4.2 3.5 5.8 6.2 7.6 4.3 5.0 4.9 5.1
1997 5.2 4.2 4.4 3.7 5.8 0.0 2.1 7.3 4.0 3.3 4.6 4.9 4.6
1998 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5 4.7 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.1 4.6 5.4
1999 3.8 5.2 4.5 6.3 4.3 9.8 7.6 2.3 0.0 3.9 4.8 4.9 5.2
2000 4.6 0.0 0.0 3.7 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 4.2 3.3 4.4
2001 4.8 4.7 4.2 3.2 3.9 8.0 6.2 7.8 5.5 4.5 4.3 4.1 5.1
2002 4.4 5.5 4.6 3.8 4.5 4.3 5.0 5.2 6.2 4.2 3.2 4.5 4.6
2003 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.2 6.0 4.0 5.7 6.0 6.8 5.5 4.0 4.7 5.2
Average 4.8 5.0 4.5 4.0 4.8 5.9 5.3 5.8 6.1 4.6 4.4 4.5
Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
AVERAGE WIND SPEEDS (HEIGHT 36M)
PROMTHEP ALTERNATIVE STATION
4.95 4.92 5.104.55
5.455.22
4.41
5.104.60
5.20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
year
m/s
Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
The annual energy supply to the distribution grid. The annual energy supply to the distribution grid.
-150 19962004Energy Production form WTG kW.( )
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
AAA 019,19
5 18,911 8,454 ** 010,00
2 32,94620,14
835,13
6
AAA 010,14
7 14,62016,46
4 6,504 ** 234 18,94218,01
215,03
6
AAA 0 6,653 13,17614,72
4 4,24212,33
0 11,37612,59
415,76
2
AAA 0 5,202 12,08026,07
6 1,28410,60
8 5,628 4,704
May 022,81
4 4,090 4,656 ** 026,55
6 15,79221,63
6
Jun 013,37
1 23,506 7,728 48,94230,42
6 8,820 3,636
Jul*
29,01012,11
9 19,10746,02
0 23,10624,16
2 21,12611,82
6
Aug 14,03435,97
6 8,94433,82
8 21,84650,18
4 28,91426,17
2
Sep 38,63411,96
5 18,35415,61
8 12,708**
4,602 4,85436,78
0
AAA 14,243 5,980 29,86821,80
4 37,84213,62
6 ** 4815,36
6
AAA 15,10911,14
5 16,97211,13
0 7,28420,04
0**
2,934 4,314
AAA 11,48316,97
4 13,817 ** 996 6,34213,62
6 6,28817,71
8
AAAal
122,513
171,541
193,445
207,498
170,100
216,396
157,668
192,906
65,934
ElectricalElectrical Energy Energy = 195000-210000 kWh/yr = 1300 -1400 kWh/kW/yr
Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
Conceptual DesignConceptual Design
The requirement of any WTGThe requirement of any WTG
are :are :
• Low investment cost,Low investment cost,
• Long life under vigorous Long life under vigorous
climatic conditionsclimatic conditions
• Automatically operationAutomatically operation
• Low maintenance cost.Low maintenance cost.
Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
Sustainability of projectSustainability of project
150 kW WTG Project will be sustained, according to:
• Reliability of the system
• Capability of technicians
• Operation and maintenance can be done well
• Financial for operation and maintenance available
• The project give benefit to the community, and
• The community accept WTG technology
Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
This project was installed This project was installed and and requested the permission from a requested the permission from a
governor of Phuket Island and other authorities. governor of Phuket Island and other authorities.
AtAt the same time, the same time, we provide information of WTG to we provide information of WTG to a group ofa group of
peoplepeople in local areain local area. They know and . They know and accept a new technology inaccept a new technology in
their area.their area.
It is very successful to convince the people in the local area to It is very successful to convince the people in the local area to
believe inbelieve in WTG technology that not impact to their life.WTG technology that not impact to their life.
Community/People ParticipationCommunity/People Participation
Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
Benefit to user and communityBenefit to user and community
To be proud that they had a new technology in their areas
Implant mind of conservative energy by saving and reducing energy
consumption
To be a sight seeing or learning by any people who interest in this tec
hnology
The site is on the highest hill so this place is the visiting point of a to
urist for seeing view of WTG.
Improving their knowledge, and skills especially in WTG technical a
spects.
Good health by good environment
Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
Maintenance SchemeMaintenance Scheme
• During the installation, the contractor conducted the training for techniDuring the installation, the contractor conducted the training for techni
cians. Contractor also gave the manual of operating instructions, and thcians. Contractor also gave the manual of operating instructions, and th
e guidelines of maintenance. e guidelines of maintenance.
• After that the EGAT’s technicians can operate and maintain the WTG After that the EGAT’s technicians can operate and maintain the WTG
by themselves. by themselves.
• In each year, we have a schedule of maintenance for preventive mainteIn each year, we have a schedule of maintenance for preventive mainte
nance and get high performance. nance and get high performance.
• We take one week for yearly maintenance. The time for maintenance We take one week for yearly maintenance. The time for maintenance
will be conducted in November because of the minimum wind speed in will be conducted in November because of the minimum wind speed in
each year.each year.
Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
Maintenance SchemeMaintenance Scheme
• Since the 150 kW wind turbine was established in 1996 Since the 150 kW wind turbine was established in 1996
until the present, the WTG technology for grid connected until the present, the WTG technology for grid connected
is found that it is easily to operate and has the low cost in is found that it is easily to operate and has the low cost in
maintenance.maintenance.
• This demonstration is shown to other authority so they This demonstration is shown to other authority so they
have planned to set it up WTG in their local area. have planned to set it up WTG in their local area.
Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
Life of SystemLife of System
How to maintain the life of WTGHow to maintain the life of WTG
• The WTG life is 20 years estimated. From The WTG life is 20 years estimated. From ourour experience, experience,
we can we can do it do it bebettertter maintenance and its life maintenance and its life will be will be increaseincrease
more than 20 years. more than 20 years.
• The past recordations of the operated WTG were the wind The past recordations of the operated WTG were the wind
velocity, the performance and electric energy. We can be uvelocity, the performance and electric energy. We can be u
sed the data for research and development including the mased the data for research and development including the ma
intenance for example; it will use for education and traininintenance for example; it will use for education and trainin
g to the other countries in Asian country.g to the other countries in Asian country.
Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
Cost Effectiveness
• The cost of generating electricity from WTG is 5.02 Baths pe
r unit which is 50% less expensive than the cost of generatin
g electricity from the solar cell.
• In case of commercial scale, the energy cost of established th
e large WTG, which is more than 600kW, is reduced more th
an 50% compare to the energy cost from 150 kW WTG.
• EGAT plans to establish a new wind turbine project which
the power generated is more than 600 kW in the future.
Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
600 kW WTG
150 kW WTG 10 kW WTG
10 kW WTG
N
Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand
ConclusionConclusion• Total Total Investment CostInvestment Cost
WTG WTG = = 1.25-1.50 US$/Watt1.25-1.50 US$/Watt
• Annual Electrical Energy GeneratedAnnual Electrical Energy Generated
WTGWTG == 1,300-1,400 kWh/kW/yr1,300-1,400 kWh/kW/yr
• Cost of Generation (without grant)Cost of Generation (without grant)
WTGWTG == 3.5-4.0 Baht/kWh3.5-4.0 Baht/kWh