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Electricity…… EEElectricity. Electricity Chp 20. Electrostatics, the study of electric charges The evidence of electricity has been noted since 2700 BC Lets review some basics: Like charges repel Opposite charges attract - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Electricity……EEElectricity
Electricity Chp 20
Electrostatics, the study of electric charges
The evidence of electricity has been noted since 2700 BC
Lets review some basics: Like charges repel Opposite charges attract An insulator is an object that a charge or
energy can not move easily through A conductor is an object that a charge or
energy can move easily through.
More Basics
The Atom Composed of Protons (+), Electrons (-) and
Neutrons Protons are found in the nucleus, along with
Neutrons. Electrons orbit the nucleus. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons
equals the number of protons Electric charges exert a force on other charges
at a distance This force is stronger when the charges are
closer together
Even More Basic Stuff
The charge possessed by a single electron and proton are equal at 1.60 x 10-19 C.
The magnitude of the charge on an electron is called the elementary charge
C = 1 Coulomb the SI unit for charge 1 Coulomb of charge is equal to 6.24 x
1018 electrons. A typical lightning bolt has 5 – 25 C A nickel can have up to 106 C of charge
balanced by positively charge protons.
Static Electricity
More Static Eelctricity
How?
Typically two non conductive or neutral objects in contact with each other will result in the transfer of electrons.
Air is non conductive but lightning and sparks fly across it. If the unbalance of electrons or protons is large enough, almost anything can become a conductor. In the case of air electrons are forced to move across it creating a plasma of charged atoms and freely moving electrons we see as lightning.
More charges
Electric charges can be move through induction or conduction.
Induced charges are charges brought on without physical contact. If a source of electrons or negative charge is brought next to two objects in contact the electrons will move from one to the other creating a positively charged object and a negatively charged one
More
Charging by conduction is where charges are brought by physical contact. A source of negative charge brought in contact with another object will transfer those excess electrons.
Charges will separate based on their polarity.
Electrostatic forces can be useful and destructive.
Charges?! We don’t need no stinking Charges.
As stated earlier. Force depends on distance and is the inverse square of the distance
F = 1/r2
Force depends on charge F = qa qb where q represents charge and (a) and (b) are charge if two objects
Coulombs Law
Coulomb was a French physicist around 1785 and established these relationships which are summarized in the following equation: F = K qaqb/ r2
Which states the force (F) between two objects (q) is equal to coulombs constant (K) times the product of the two charges (q) in Coulombs, divided by the square of the distance between them (r) in meters
K = 9.0 x 109 N – m2/C2
Remember this electric forces are vector quantities with magnitude and direction, sorry, more trig.
Lastly
We will play with Coulombs law tomorrow and the next day and the next day……