ISOLATION AND ELUCIDATION OF MARINE-DERIVED FUNGAL SECONDARY
METABOLITES
EKOLOGI MIKROALGABagian Bioteknologi Kelautan Departemen
Teknologi Hasil PerairanFPIK IPB1
HABsMikroalga
3Mikroalga
4
Negev desert in Israel5Ekologi KimiaChemical ecologyis the study
of thechemicals involved in the interactions of livingorganisms
6Ekologi Kimia Mikroalgathe study of biological and chemical
interactions between microalgae in their aquatic environment
7MikroalgaMicro-AlgaeSingle cell microorganismAutotropik, CO2
sumber karbon dan cahaya sebagai sumber energi
8MikroalgaEukaryote excluded procaryotic CyanobacteriaTerdapat
50 ribu spesies
9Taksonomi Mikroalga6 grup: Bacillariophyta, Chlorophycophyta,
Chrysophycophyta, Rhodophycophyta, Dinophyta, Cyanobacteria
KelompokCarotenoids1. Bacillariophyta (Diatom)-carotene
-carotenerarely fucoxanthin
Tabellaria fenestrata10Taksonomi MikroalgaDivisiCarotenoids2.
Chlorophycophyta
-carotene, -carotene rarely caroteneand lycopene, lutein
Coelastrum
Tetraedron
Scenedesmus
11Chlorophycophyta
Chlorophycophyta
Chlorophycophyta
Chlorophycophyta
Taksonomi MikroalgaDivisiCarotenoids3. Chrysophycophyta
-carotene, fucoxanthin
Odontella sinensis/ Biddulphia sinensis
16Taksonomi MikroalgaDivisiCarotenoids4. Rhodophycophyta
-carotene, zeaxanthinPorphyridium
Rhodella violacea
17Taksonomi MikroalgaDivisiCarotenoids5. Dinophyta
(Pyrrophycophyta)
-carotene, peridinin,Neoperididnin
dinoxanthin,neodinoxanthin
18Taksonomi MikroalgaFilumCarotenoids6. Cyanobacteria
-carotene, phycobilinsAnabaena torulosa
Phormidium subfuscum
Anabaena augstumnalis19Diatom vs. DinoflagellataCentrics (Order:
Biddulphiales) & the Pennates (Order: Bacillariales)Two
flagellaeCells are encased in transparent glass-like (silica)
container, epitheca and hypothecaCells are covered by a theca
(sheath) that can be smooth or
ornamentedPhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis & absorb organic matter
&/or engulf microbial preyUp to 100,000 species of diatoms have
been recordedOf the 2000 species known, 60 species produce complex
toxins
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21Mikroalga
Wen et al. 2012Scaling up?22Habitat MikroalgaHabitat umum:
perairan terbuka (fitoplankton)Permukaan bebatuan, tanaman tingkat
tinggi di perairan dangkal (perifiton)
23Habitat MikroalgaPermukaan tanah dan bebatuan yang
lembabDiisolasi dari hot springs glacial ice
24Habitat MikroalgaLight, water quality and temperature,
availability of carbon and other essential nutrients, and depth or
tidal exposureIn the tropics, algae grow on hard substrate like
beach rock, coral reefs and on the roots of mangrove
trees25Klasifikasi Berdasarkan HabitatHydrophilus; aquatic, free
floating or completely submerged algaeEdaphic;
TerestrialAerialCryophytic; living on ice and snow (Eg.
Chlamydomonas)Symbionts or Endophytes; Symbiotic with fungi, Eg.
Chroococcus, Nostoc,Chlorellaand Palmella; Lives inside the
pteridophyte Azolla. Eg.Anabaena azollae.Endozoic; inside fresh
water sponges, HydraParasites; Eg. Cephaleuros virescens
26Ekologi Terrestrial atau akuatikPlanktonik atau membentuk
biofilm fototrofSome are endosymbiontsinlichens, plants,
variousprotists, orspongesVisible blue-green blooms
27Ekologi DiatomFitoplanktonFreshwater or marineBloom-and-bust
cycleBloom; dominate phytoplanktonBust; mucilage production till
thermocline
28Ekologi ChlorophycophytaFreshwater or marine, some aerial
Chlorococcales Planktonic (Volvocalean & chlorooccalean) or
benthicAttach to substrateSymbiotic: Chlorella pada
HydraCommercial: Dunaliella (glycerol & -carotene)Winter:
Ulothrix, Spring: Stigeoclonium, Summer: Oedogonium
29Ekologi RhodophycophytaFreshwater or marineTropical to polar
watersEpiphytesParasites reduce pigment
30Ekologi DinophytaMostly marine, some FreshwaterPlanktonic,
mostly in warmer watersBenthic/SymbioticParasit pada invertebrates,
ikanPhagocytic pada algaeBrown or red tidesToxic: saxitoxin (PSP),
brevetoxin (NSP), ciguatoxin (CFP)Luminescent31Luciferin-luciferase
system pada Noctiluca scintillans
Ekologi CyanobacteriaTerrestrial atau akuatikFreshwater or
marine, planktonic or benthic Fotosintesis & fiksasi
nitrogenSome anoxygenic photosynthesisSynechoccus can tolerate T 74
deg CEg. Geothermal di Yellowstone park, distribusi Cyanobacteria
tergantung pada kandungan sulfit, semakin tinggi sulfit,
pertumbuhan Cyanobacteria makin lambat
33Ekologi CyanobacteriaAntarctic lakes: Phormidium &
LyngbyaSalt concentrates (evaporation), eg. SpirulinaAfrican Rift
Valley; food for flamingosSpirulina for foodBlooms in Baltic Sea:
Nodularia, Aphanizomenon
34Mikroalga
Chisti 200835ReferencesA biology of the algae. Philip
SzeMicro-algal biotechnology. Borowitzka & BorowitzkaFreshwater
Algae
http://www.algaekey.com/http://www.algaebase.org/http://www.oilgae.comhttp://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/topics/redtide/education.htmlCulture
Collection of Autotrophic Organisms http://www.butbn.cas.cz
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