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3 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow modelGuy de Morsier et ali Update of the multi-layer snow model Now in COSMO 4.7 new fields with ke_snow levels T_SNOW_Mmean temperature of the snow layer (K) DH_SNOW_Mlayer thickness between interfaces (m) WL_SNOW_Mliquid water content in the snow (m H2O) WT_SNOW_Mtotal (liquid+solid) water content (m H2O) GRIB details checked with Uli Schättler Start mechanisms: laf* filesread and write all necessary variables re-start filescontinue computing snow model cold-startinitialise snow variables from old 1 layer model Additional CPU cost:less than 1% for 2 layers Scientific documentation available Technical documentation: description of new fields switches, namelists tuning parameters
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Eidgenössisches Departement des Innern EDIBundesamt für Meteorologie und Klimatologie MeteoSchweiz
The new multi-layer snow model
Guy de Morsier1, Jean-Marie Bettems1,Ekaterina Machulskaya2
1MeteoSwiss 2DWD
COSMO General MeetingOffenbach, 7 September 2009
2 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Overview
• Update of the multi-layer snow model• Available data for validations• Validation experiments• Results from the 2 layer snow model• Conclusions• Outlook
3 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Update of the multi-layer snow model• Now in COSMO 4.7
• new fields with ke_snow levelsT_SNOW_M mean temperature of the snow layer (K)DH_SNOW_M layer thickness between interfaces (m)WL_SNOW_M liquid water content in the snow (m H2O)WT_SNOW_M total (liquid+solid) water content (m H2O)
• GRIB details checked with Uli Schättler• Start mechanisms:
• laf* files read and write all necessary variables• re-start files continue computing snow model• cold-start initialise snow variables from old 1 layer model
• Additional CPU cost: less than 1% for 2 layers
• Scientific documentation available• Technical documentation:
• description of new fields• switches, namelists• tuning parameters
4 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Available data for validation (i)• MSG quality weighted snow mask on
COSMO-7 and COSMO-2 grid
• IMIS measurement at ca. 90 Swiss stations between 1800 and 3000mAMSL from WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research, SLF http://www.slf.ch/lawineninfo/zusatzinfos/Archiv/index_EN.
• SLF snow height analysis using all IMIS/ENET & NOAA data.
• Operational snow analysis: COSMO-7, COSMO-2
• SNOWPACK finite element model of layered snow structures (including phase change, water transport and snow drifting) at7 Swiss stations.
5 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Available data for validation (ii)
SLF analysis: original 1km resolution Re-grided with “fieldextra”:
6 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Validation experiments• Winter from September 2007 to May 2008
• COSMO-7 results are from the operational data assimilation including a daily merge of the snow analysis snow analysis uses surface observations and the snow
mask derived from Meteosat Second Generation SEVIRI (temporal composite)
• ReferenceTERRA stand-alone (COSMO SVAT with a single snow layer) driven by hourly atmospheric analysis including precipitation for the whole period without snow analysis
• New snow modelSame as reference but with 2 layer snow model (2LSM)
7 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Validation experiments
Bias = 2LSM - REF [m]REF is TERRA stand-alone
without snow analysis.
Time series of domain mean [m] for 2LSM, COSMO-7 and REF
REF has less snow than COSMO-7 2LSM has more snow on the
orography
Spurious precipitation at lateral boundary (qi in IFS, lmixcld=.F.)
8 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Percent Correct Classification (MSG) 6.6kmPCC(hits +correctneg.)
C-7
PCC(hits +correctneg.)
REF
MSGQualityMask
SNOWpresent
PCC(hits +correctneg.)
2LSM
hits=3.4% fa=2.8% cn=93.2% mis=0.6%hits=4% fa=0.0% cn=96% mis=0%
hits=3.4% fa=2.4% cn=93.6% mis=0.6%
9 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Compare with SLF and MSG data at 6.6kmPCC (hits+cor.neg.) SLF PCC (hits+cor.neg.) REF
MSG Quality MaskSNOW analysed by SLF:
36 cases
hits=54.7% fa=41.9% cn=3.4% mis=0% hits=41.4% fa=8.8% cn=46.7% mis=3.1%
PCC (hits+cor.neg.) 2LSM
hits=41.4% fa=7.9% cn=47.1% mis=3.6%
10 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Validation with SLF data at 6.6kmBias (COSMO-7 – SLF) [m]
Period:September 8, 2007 to May 31, 2008COSMO-7 only 35 cases.REF & 2LSM only 36 cases.
REF has too little snow 2LSM has too much snow
Bias (REF – SLF) [m]
Bias (2LSM – SLF) [m]
11 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Results with 2 layer snow model (2LSM)Bias (2LSM – SLF) [m] ZOOM _ SNOWPACK stations
: OK Period: September 2, 2007 to May 31, 2008 : + : - EVERY day : |h|>300m
Obs!
12 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Results with 2 layer snow model (2LSM)
OK Period: September 2, 2007 to May 31, 2008 EVERY day
Station at 2240min the Western AlpsModel at 2097mh = -143m
13 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Results with 2 layer snow model (2LSM)
Too little! Period: September 2, 2007 to May 31, 2008 EVERY day
Station at 1510mon the NorthWestern slope of theAlpsModel at1462mh = -48m
14 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Results with 2 layer snow model (2LSM)
Too little but Period: September 2, 2007 to May 31, 2008good ablation EVERY day
Station at 1650mon the NorthWestern slope of theAlpsModel at1654mh = 4m
15 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Results with 2 layer snow model (2LSM)
OK Period: September 2, 2007 to May 31, 2008 EVERY day
Station at 2230mNext grid point SouthModel at2177mh = -53m
16 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Results with 2 layer snow model (2LSM)
: OK Period: September 2, 2007 to May 31, 2008 : + : - EVERY day : |h|<300m
Obs!
Bias (2LSM – SLF) [m] ZOOM _ SNOWPACK stations
17 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Results with 2 layer snow model (2LSM)
Too much Period: September 2, 2007 to May 31, 2008
Station at 2430mIn the AlpsModel at2479mh = 49m
18 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Results with 2 layer snow model (2LSM)
OK Period: September 2, 2007 to May 31, 2008
Station at 2450m2 grid points to the EastModel at2350mh = -100m
19 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Results with 2 layer snow model (2LSM)
Obs! Period: September 2, 2007 to May 31, 2008
Station at 2195mWithin the AlpsModel at2192mh = -3m
dubious observations! possiblewind ablation
20 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Results with 2 layer snow model (2LSM)
SNOWPACK Period: September 2, 2007 to May 31, 2008 stations!
Height difference 9m-47mNorthslope of the Alps
2 neighbor grid points:North South
dubious observations? or possibleaccumulation
21 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Results with 2 layer snow model (2LSM)
OK but… Period: September 2, 2007 to May 31, 2008
Station at 1340mNorthslope of theAlpsModel at1331mh = -9m Problem when merging the analysis (red) with the new model
22 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
Conclusions• Slightly better snow/no snow with multi layer snow model
over Northern Europe• In Eastern Europe and over orography the new snow model
produces larger snow depth• The systematic underestimation of the snow height by the
original snow model is largely removed by using the2 layer snow model
• The multi layer snow model works well at different altitudesin complex topography but might overestimate the snow height in some areas
Findings: better representation of the ablation period (Spring)
with the 2 layer snow model
23 COSMO General Meeting 2009 | COLOBOC PP Multi-layer snow model Guy de Morsier et ali
OutlookSnow model:• check other snow model variables (SNOWPACK):
snow water content (liquid and total), snow temperature• look at wet and dry periods and spatial distribution of precip.• evaluate temporal evolution also outside of the Alps• re-compute winter 2007-2008 with full 3D model with
COSMO-7 and COSMO-2• in particular evaluate effect of higher resolution
Snow analysis:• Adapt to better use the good information
provided by the new snow model