EIA/SEA Environmental Impact assessment and …...application of EIA for the single infrastructures to be developed in the same or adjacent territory • SEA serves as a framework

EIA AND SEA

Arch. Alessandra FidanzaSogesid-Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea

EU-Central Asia Enhanced Regional Cooperation on Environment, Climate Change and Water

Tailor-made support for environmental project identification and preparation for consideration by IFIs: regional workshop

Almaty, 13th September 2018

Environmental Assessments

Environmental Assessments

Environmental Assessments (SEA and EIA) ensure that plans, programmes and projects are carried out in accordance with the principles of :

1. protection of the environment,

2. community quality life

3. sustainable development.

SEA

• The Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) applies to plans and programmes related to several sectors including energy, transport, spatial planning and waste management

EIA

• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) applies to singleprojects, such as roads, power lines, airports and industrialinstallations

IPCC

• The IPPC permit authorizes the operation of an installationunder certain conditions that guarantee compliance with the IPPC requirements (integrated pollution prevention and reduction).

Arch. Alessandra Fidanza - Almaty, 13th September 2018

EIA


'Environmental Impact Assessment'

– EIA Directive

Environmental assessment

undertaken for individual projects,

such as a dam, motorway, airport or

factory, etc.

EIA Directives• EIA Directive (85/337/EEC) is in force since 1985 , amended 3 times:

1. Directive 97/11/EC - brought the Directive in line with the UN ECE Espoo Conventionon EIA in a Transboundary Context. It increased the types of projects covered, and thenumber of projects requiring mandatory environmental impact assessment (Annex I). Italso provided for new screening arrangements, including new screening criteria (atAnnex III) for Annex II projects, and established minimum information requirements.

2. Directive 2003/35/EC was seeking to align the provisions on public participation withthe Aarhus Convention on public participation in decision-making and access tojustice in environmental matters.

3. Directive 2009/31/EC amended the Annexes I and II of the EIA Directive, by addingprojects related to the transport, capture and storage of carbon dioxide (CO2).

• Directive E 2011/92/EU of 13 December 2011 codified the 3 amendments to the85/337/EEC

• Directive 2014/52/EU amended the 201/92/EU


2014/52/EU• The newly amended Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) Directive (2014/52/EU) entered into force on 15 May 2014 to simplify the rules for assessing the potential effects of projects on the environment.

• The new approach pays greater attention to threats and challenges that have emerged since the original rules came into force in the 80s of the 20th Century:

• resource efficiency, • climate change • disaster preventionwhich are now better reflected in the assessment process


Main amendments introduced in 2014


Mandate to SIMPLIFY EA procedures

Timeframesfor the different stages of EA:

-screening within 90 days -public consultations d last at least 30 days.

MS ensure that final decisions are taken within a "reasonable period of time".

Updated screening criteria for

the screening

procedure, determining whether an EIA is

required, is simplified.

EIA reports are to be

more understanda

ble for the public,

especially as regards

assessments of the

current state of the

environment and

alternatives to the

proposal in question.

The quality and the

content of the reports

will be improved.

Competent authorities

will also need to

prove their objectivity

to avoid conflicts of

interest.

The grounds for

development consent

decisions must be

clear and more

transparent for the public.

In case of adverse

effects on the environment, developers will be obliged to

do the necessary to

avoid, prevent or reduce such

effects and monitored.

avoid duplication of

monitoring and

unnecessary costs.

Directive 2007/2/EC –INSPIRE Geoportal

http://www.va.minambiente.it/en-GB/Comunicazione/Cittadino


Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2007 establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE)

EIA/SEA Information and communication

http://www.va.minambiente.it/en-GB/Comunicazione/Cittadino

SEA and EIA

Directive 2001/42/EC on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment (SEA Directive)

• The SEA Directive applies to a wide range of public plans and programmes (e.g. on land use, transport, energy, waste, agriculture, etc).

• The SEA Directive does not refer to policies. It is in force since 2001 and should have been transposed by July 2004.

• Plans and programmes in the sense of the SEA Directive must be prepared or adopted by an authority (at national, regional or local level) and be required by legislative, regulatory or administrative provisions.

• The SEA Directive of plans/programmes similar to the EIA.does not have a list


Some differences EIA/SEA

The SEA and EIA procedures are very similar, but there are some differences:

• the SEA requires the environmental authorities to be consulted at the screening stage;

• scoping (i.e. the stage of the SEA process that determines the content and extent of the matters to be covered in the SEA report to be submitted to a competent authority) is obligatory under the SEA;


SEA – Plans and Programmes

• An SEA is mandatory for plans/programmes which:

• are prepared for agriculture, forestry, fisheries, energy, industry, transport, waste/ water management, telecommunications, tourism, town & country planning or land use and which set the framework for future development consent of projects listed in the EIA Directive.

• OR

• have been determined to require an assessment under the Habitats Directive.


EIA

8/Jun/2018


13 8/Jun/2018 Arch. Alessandra Fidanza - Tashkent, Uzbekistan - 8WGECC

SEA and EIA compared (OECD, 2006)

14


SEA steps

•The sustainability framework set up in the SEA can be used also for the monitoring of the performance of the PPP and of its actions

15

Step 1 Establishing the context

Step 2Prepare

Environmental Report

Implementing SEA

Step 3Informing interested

subjects and the Public

Step 4Monitoring

Step 5Revise some

actions if necessary

(performance indicators)


Some TOOLS applied in SEA

16

Ensuring full stakeholder engagement:• Stakeholder analysis to

identify those affected and involved in the PPP decision

• Consultation surveys• Consensus building

processes

Predicting environmental and socio-economic effects:• Modelling or forecasting of

direct environmental effects• Matrices and network

analysis• Participatory or consultative

techniques• Geographical information

systems as a tool to analyse, organise and present information

Analysing and comparing options:• Scenario analysis and

multi-criteria analysis• Risk analysis or

assessment• Cost benefit analysis• Opinion surveys to

identify priorities


Contents of the Environmental report

• (a) an outline of the contents, main objectives of the plan or programme and relationshipwith other relevant plans and programmes;

• (b) the relevant aspects of the current state of the environment and the likely evolution thereof without implementation of the plan or programme;

• (c) the environmental characteristics of areas likely to be significantly affected;

• (d) any existing environmental problems which are relevant to the plan or programme including, in particular, those relating to any areas of a particular environmental importance, such as areas designated pursuant to Directives 79/409/EEC and 92/43/EEC;

• (e) the environmental protection objectives, established at international, Community or Member State level, which are relevant to the plan or programme and the way those objectives and any environmental considerations have been taken into account during its preparation;


Contents of the Environmental report-2• ( (f) the likely significant effects(1) on the environment, including on issues such as biodiversity,

population, human health, fauna, flora, soil, water, air, climatic factors, material assets, cultural heritage including architectural and archaeological heritage, landscape and the interrelationship between the above factors;

• (g) the measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and as fully as possible offset any significant adverse effects on the environment of implementing the plan or programme;

• (h) an outline of the reasons for selecting the alternatives dealt with, and a description of how the assessment was undertaken including any difficulties (such as technical deficiencies or lack of know-how) encountered in compiling the required information;

• (i) a description of the measures envisaged concerning monitoring in accordance with Article 10;

• (j) a non-technical summary of the information provided under the above headings.

• (1) These effects should include secondary, cumulative, synergistic, short, medium and long-term permanent and temporary, positive and negative effects.


Cumulative effects across the SEA issues/topics

SEA topic

Part of Plan-Program-Strategy / Alternative (e.g. policy 1-7)

Potential cumulative impact of PPS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Biodiversity etc. + - + + 0 … no effect

Population ++

0 ++

…

Human health 0 ? 0 ? ? more study needed

Soil + ? - ? ?

Water + 0 ++

Air + + 0 ++

Climatic factors - -- - 0 -- Potential adverse effect Suggest

appropriate mitigation measures here

Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape Interrelationship … …

cumulative effects on SEA topic can be identified by ‘reading across’


SEA topic

Part of Plan-Program-Strategy / Alternative (e.g. policy 1-7)

Potential cumulative impact of PPS

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Biodiversity etc.

+

-

+

+

0

…

no effect

Population

++

0

++

…

Human health

0

?

0

?

?

more study needed

Soil

+

?

-

?

?

Water

+

0

++

Air

+

+

0

++

Climatic factors

-

--

-

0

--

Potential adverse effect Suggest appropriate mitigation measures here

Material assets

Cultural heritage

Landscape

Interrelationship

…

…

cumulative effects on SEA topic can be identified by ‘reading across’

Cumulative Impacts

• SEA – Strategic environmental assessment Is an important tool to help decision makers to have the “big vision” of the territorial or sectoral context

• SEA helps assessing cumulative impacts• SEA sets the framework for monitoring of

effectiveness of actions and parts of PPP


Example –Joint Municipal Waste Management Strategy


Example -Recycling and Composting OptionsOption 0 – “Stay as you are target of 31% for household waste (equivalent to 28% of MSW22)”

Option 1 – “Conservative target of 45% for household waste (equivalent to 41% of MSW)”

Option 2 – “Meet proposed National target of 50% for household waste (equivalent to 46% of MSW)”

Option 3 – “Exceed proposed National target 55% for household waste (equivalent to 50% of MSW)”


Example of options comparison treatment options for the plastics fractions


Source: JRC

Infrastructures are better framed• SEA helps building better

frameworks for infrastructure development

• The sustainability evaluation is anticipated at the higher level and facilitates the following application of EIA for the single infrastructures to be developed in the same or adjacent territory

• SEA serves as a framework for environmentally sound project proposals/requests for funding

248/Jun/2018


THANK YOU

Arch. Alessandra FidanzaSenior Expert

Sogesid - Technical Assistance UnitItalian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea

Directorate for Sustainable Development, Environmental Damage, European Union and International Affairs

Via Cristoforo Colombo 44, 00147 Rome - ItalyTel. +39 06 57 22 8170

Mob. +39 3287573318 - Skype: Alexie-RomaEmail: [email protected] – [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

Slide Number 1Environmental Assessments�EIA�EIA Directives2014/52/EUMain amendments introduced in 2014Directive 2007/2/EC – INSPIRE GeoportalSEA and EIADirective 2001/42/EC on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment (SEA Directive)Some differences EIA/SEASEA – Plans and ProgrammesEIASlide Number 13SEA and EIA compared (OECD, 2006)�SEA stepsSome TOOLS applied in SEAContents of the Environmental reportContents of the Environmental report-2Cumulative effects across the SEA issues/topics Cumulative ImpactsExample – �Joint Municipal Waste Management StrategyExample - Recycling and Composting OptionsExample of options comparison treatment options for the plastics fractions Infrastructures are better framed Thank you

Documents

EIA/SEA Environmental Impact assessment and …...application of EIA for the single infrastructures to be developed in the same or adjacent territory • SEA serves as a framework