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EgoismEgoism
Two KindsTwo Kinds PsychologicalPsychological
We always We always dodo act in our own interest act in our own interest
EgoismEgoism
Two KindsTwo Kinds PsychologicalPsychological
We always We always dodo act in our own interest act in our own interest EthicalEthical
We always We always ought toought to act in our own act in our own interestinterest
Psychological EgoismPsychological Egoism
HobbesHobbes
No man giveth but with intention of No man giveth but with intention of good to himself; because gift is good to himself; because gift is voluntary; and of all voluntary acts the voluntary; and of all voluntary acts the object to every man is his own pleasureobject to every man is his own pleasure
Psychological EgoismPsychological Egoism
ProblemsProblems The Existence of AltruismThe Existence of Altruism
It’s obvious that altruistic actions/motivations occurIt’s obvious that altruistic actions/motivations occur
Psychological EgoismPsychological Egoism
ProblemsProblems The Existence of AltruismThe Existence of Altruism
Mother TheresaMother Theresa
Psychological EgoismPsychological Egoism
ProblemsProblems The Existence of AltruismThe Existence of Altruism
Mother TheresaMother Theresa Is she just doing it to get toIs she just doing it to get to Heaven? Heaven?
Psychological EgoismPsychological Egoism
ProblemsProblems The Existence of AltruismThe Existence of Altruism
The good soldierThe good soldier
Psychological EgoismPsychological Egoism
ProblemsProblems The Existence of AltruismThe Existence of Altruism
The good soldierThe good soldier Because it’s bad to feel guilty?Because it’s bad to feel guilty?
Psychological EgoismPsychological Egoism
ProblemsProblems Supposing Hidden MotivesSupposing Hidden Motives
There must be effective selfish motivations that we There must be effective selfish motivations that we aren’t aware of aren’t aware of
Psychological EgoismPsychological Egoism
ProblemsProblems Supposing Hidden MotivesSupposing Hidden Motives
There must be effective selfish motivations that we There must be effective selfish motivations that we aren’t aware of aren’t aware of
Makes this an unfalsifiable hypothesis, and Makes this an unfalsifiable hypothesis, and therefore vacuoustherefore vacuous
Ethical EgoismEthical Egoism
Personal Ethical EgoismPersonal Ethical Egoism I ought to act in my own interest.I ought to act in my own interest.
Ethical EgoismEthical Egoism
Personal Ethical EgoismPersonal Ethical Egoism I ought to act in my own interest.I ought to act in my own interest.
Individual Ethical EgoismIndividual Ethical Egoism Everyone ought to act in my own Everyone ought to act in my own
interest.interest.
Ethical EgoismEthical Egoism
Personal Ethical EgoismPersonal Ethical Egoism I ought to act in my own interest.I ought to act in my own interest.
Individual Ethical EgoismIndividual Ethical Egoism Everyone ought to act in my own Everyone ought to act in my own
interest.interest. Universal Ethical EgoismUniversal Ethical Egoism
Everyone ought to act in their own Everyone ought to act in their own interest.interest.
Ethical EgoismEthical Egoism
Personal Ethical EgoismPersonal Ethical Egoism I ought to act in my own interest.I ought to act in my own interest.
Individual Ethical EgoismIndividual Ethical Egoism Everyone ought to act in my own Everyone ought to act in my own
interest.interest. Universal Ethical EgoismUniversal Ethical Egoism
Everyone ought to act in their own Everyone ought to act in their own interest.interest.
Ethical EgoismEthical Egoism
Arguments for it Arguments for it It’s the default guide to behaviour – altruists It’s the default guide to behaviour – altruists
should be made to defend should be made to defend their their positionposition
Ethical EgoismEthical Egoism
Arguments for it Arguments for it It’s the default guide to behaviour – altruists It’s the default guide to behaviour – altruists
should be made to defend should be made to defend their their positionposition Putting others’ interests first is degrading to Putting others’ interests first is degrading to
one’s own dignity. Altruism is a Slave one’s own dignity. Altruism is a Slave Morality (Nietzsche.)Morality (Nietzsche.)
Ethical EgoismEthical Egoism
Arguments for it Arguments for it It’s the default guide to behaviour – altruists It’s the default guide to behaviour – altruists
should be made to defend should be made to defend their their positionposition Putting others’ interests first is degrading to Putting others’ interests first is degrading to
one’s own dignity. Altruism is a Slave one’s own dignity. Altruism is a Slave Morality (Nietzsche)Morality (Nietzsche)
Things turn out better if people are made Things turn out better if people are made responsible for what they know best – responsible for what they know best – themselves; not what they know least – themselves; not what they know least – others others
Ethical EgoismEthical Egoism
Arguments against it Arguments against it It gives prescriptions that we intuitively It gives prescriptions that we intuitively
disagree withdisagree with
Ethical EgoismEthical Egoism
Arguments against it Arguments against it It gives prescriptions that we intuitively It gives prescriptions that we intuitively
disagree withdisagree with It fails to satisfy the necessary criteria to be It fails to satisfy the necessary criteria to be
a moral theory at alla moral theory at all It’s not universalizable – it leads inevitably to It’s not universalizable – it leads inevitably to
unresolvable conflictsunresolvable conflicts