EFFECTIVENESS OF MODIFIED SLING PUMP AT DIFFERENT ELEVATIONS

8/17/2019 EFFECTIVENESS OF MODIFIED SLING PUMP AT DIFFERENT ELEVATIONS

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NMMNOPI]NKN__ EM LE@IMIN@ _DIKG V^LV VEWNZN@ JY KAP^ZN AP@IMMNZNKP NDN]APIEK_

AJ_PZAOP

_bertagn em nknrgy seurons, suob as mund, bas jnnk ketionajdn ik teày’s snttikg se pnepdn mik` ways te at dnast dnssnk tbn usn em it. Pbis stu`y is ajeut leìmin` sdikg pulp wbiob oak epnratn nvnk witbeut tbn oeksulptiek em mund er usn em ndnotrioity._dikg pulp was `nvndepn` as ak adtnrkativn way em trakspertikg watnr mrel rivnrte a bigbnr ndnvatiek ak` ak nkvireklnktaddy-seuk` `nvion tbat is pewnrn` ekdy jyrivnr strnal ourrnkt. Pbn rnsnarobnrs ailn` te oelputn tbn nmmnotivnknss jntwnnk

sikgdn ak` eujdn oeidn` sdikg pulp at immnrnkt ndnvatieks. Mrel tbn ata gatbnrn`,it sbews tbat tbn èujdn oeidn` sdikg pulp is lern nmmnotivn mer suppdyikg watnr atìmmnrnkt ndnvatieks. Oelparikg tbn gatbnrn` àta jasn` mrel tbn pnrmerlakon emtbn pulp, it `ndivnrn` lern aleukt em watnr quaktity at dewnr ndnvatiek.

CNYWEZ@_8 sikgdn ak` èujdn oeidn` sdikg pulp , rivnr strnal ourrnkt, nmmnotivnknssIKPZE@ÔPIEK

und ak` ndnotrioity bavn jnnk tee nxpnksivn as kek-rnknwajdn rnseurons mer tbn preùotiekem pewnr jnoausn em its `nlak` ak` soaroity. Vnepdn ik rurad arnas bavn a ìmmioudty ik tbnirikoeln lacikg aotivitins ùn te dilitn` aoonss te pewnr suppdy nspnoiaddy tbn ndnotrioad

nknrgy. Pbis ika`nquaoy dna`s te dew preùotivity ik tbnir noekelio `nvndeplnkt preonssns.

Oeid pulp (migurn 1) is a spirad pulp, mirst ikvnktn` ik 170=, bas jnnk rnornatn` ak` tnstnàt wik` arl lusnul usikg digbtwnigbt ak` iknxpnksivn le`nrk latnriads. A = meet ialntnr wbnndwitb 1=6 mnnt em 1-1/0 ikob iksi`n ialntnr mdnxijdn pedyntbydnkn pipn is ajdn te pulp ?,966 gaddeksem watnr pnr ày te a 06 meet bna` witb a pnripbnrad spnn` em ? mnnt pnr snoek`. Witb its dew terqunrnquirnlnkts, tbn pulp is partioudardy suitn` te jn leuktn` ek ak` `rivnk jy a pa``dn wbnnd ik aourrnkt em twe mnnt pnr snoek` er grnatnr. Pbis nasidy juidt, dew laiktnkakon spirad pulp oak jnusn` te previ`n watnr witbeut tbn knn` mer mund wbnrnvnr is a mdewikg strnal er rivnr. It is adse jnbak` turkn` er etbnrwisn `rivnk te previ`n a dew oest, nmmioinkt pulp (Paidnr, 192=).

Migurn 1. Oeid Vulp epnratikg ek strnal Migurn :. _dikg Vulp epnratikg ek strnal

M



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_dikg Vulp (migurn :) is a oellnroiad aàptatiek em tbn oeid pulp prikoipdn. A _dikg Vulpis jasn` ek oekonpts em Arobiln`ns em _yraousn ik tbn merl em tbn —skaid“ (migurn ?). Pbn erigikad—skaid“ pulp was epnratn` jy bulaks er akilads, lern rnonkt appdioatieks bavn usn` tbn pewnrem mdewikg watnr te turk tbn —skaid“ (_teoclak, :66=). Peày’s aàptatiek em tbn sdikg pulp bas aoasikg areuk` tbn oeidn` pipn ak` tbn `rivn is via a prepnddnr maoikg ikte tbn strnal ourrnkt. Pbn

pulp retatns sdewdy. ]arieus watnr dimts ak` vedulns arn pessijdn witb ìmmnrnkt sizn` oeidn` pipn.Pbn _dikg Vulp bas ?:ll pedyntbydnkn pipn mer tbn iktnrkad oeid. It widd pulp 1>,666 ditnrs pnrày up te 7.=l (Jrewk, :66>).

Migurn ?. Arobiln`ns skaid pulp

Wbidn, tbn sdikg pulp is a sndm-suppertikg systnl mer pulpikg watnr. It is oelpdntndylnobakioad ak` epnratns witbeut tbn ai` em ndnotrioity er mund3 bnkon watnr is pulpn` witb a dnssoest. Pbn pewnr te `rivn is previ`n` jy mdewikg watnr. Pbn wbedn pulp ukit is snt ik sdew retatiek

jy lnaks em a prepnddnr, wbiob snts ik letiek jy strnalikg watnr at axiad dnvnd. Pbn pulp is bndìk pesitiek jy a leerikg er a stacn ik tbn strnal jn`. Watnr oekvnyn` jy tbn pulp oak jn usn`mer irrigatiek ak` divnsteoc watnrikg (Zimn, 1220).

Pbn laik purpesn em tbn stu`y is te oelparn tbn nmmnotivnknss jntwnnk sikgdn ak` èujdnoeidn` sdikg pulp ik tnrls em watnr eutput tbat it oak `ndivnr at varyikg ndnvatiek. Pbis rnsnaroboeud` oektrijutn te arnas witb mdewikg watnr seuron dicn rivnrs. Pbis sdikg pulp widd givn pnepdn asedutiek te traksmnr watnr witb dnss oest em ejtaikikg watnr ik suppdyikg a`nquatn aleukt em watnrmer, spnoimioaddy, marl usn ak` divnsteoc watnrikg.

Ik tbn Vbidippikns, tbn stu`y oeud` snrvn as a rnmnrnkon tbat addews Midipikes, nspnoiaddytbesn ik tbn rurad arnas witb rivnrs3 witb tbis lnobakisl it widd jn nasinr mer tbnl te traksmnr watnrnvnk witb tbn ajsnkon em mund ak` ndnotrioity. Ik tnrls em nùoatiek, tbn stu`y oeud` previ`n amaoidity wbiob oeud` sbew nkgiknnrikg stu`nkts a way em `nvndepikg dnss oest em `ndivnrikg watnr.Pe tbn rnsnarobnrs, tbn stu`y is ak appdioatiek em tbnir gaikn` ckewdn`gn ak` scidd ik tbn mind` emmdui` lnobakios ak` mdui` laobiknry ik `ndivnrikg watnr ak` ak eppertukity te nxpak` tbnir

prespnots tewar`s tbn lnobakioad nkgiknnrikg mind`, murtbnr, it oeud` adse oektrijutn te `nsigk asilidar jut silpdnr ak` lern noekelioad typn em pulp.



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LAPNZIAD_ AK@ LNPBE@_

A) LAPNZIAD_ _eln latnriad usn` ik tbn pulp dicn stnnd prepnddnr, watnr `rul ak` mukknd arn : k`

bak` latnriads er sorap latnriads.

Etbnr parts usn` ik tbn pulp arn avaidajdn ik bar`warn stern. Pbn aotuad oest ik oekstruotikg tbn sikgdn oeidn` pulp is ₱?,767.66. Pbn aotuad oest ik oekstruotikg tbn èujdn oeidn` sdikg pulp is ₱0,00:.66.

Pbn latnriads usn` ik tbn oekstruotiek em tbn pulp wnrn as meddews8Pajdn 1. Latnriads usn`

Latnriads Quaktity Latnriads QuaktityMeur-jda`n` gadvakizn` stnnd prepnddnr 1 po. V]O sedvnkt onlnkt (166 ol¿) : pos.1:>D pdastio `rul (1='' ìa. R ?6'' B) 1 po. 1'' V]O kippdn 0 pos.

»'' ìalntnr watnr besn 16l »'' V]O kippdn > pos.1'' ìalntnr watnr besn 0:l »'' GI kippdn : pos.

_tyremeal ion jex (::'' x 1'' x 1>'') 1 po. »'' V]O oeupdikg aàptnr ? pos.»'' V]O obnoc vadvn (jadd typn) 1 pos. »'' GI oeupdikg 1 po.

»'' ukiek oeupdikg 1 pos. 1'' x »'' V]O tnn rnùonr 1 po.Mukknd : pos 1'' V]O ndjew : pos.

Kydek oajdn tin :66 pos. ]udoasnad (7>lD) : pos.Pnmdek tapn > pos. Zepns 06l

>'' x ='' staikdnss mdat sbnnt : pos. Besn odalp = pos.1:ll staikdnss jedt ak` kut 2 pos.

J) VZEON@^ZN

@nsigkikg ak` assnljdikg em tbn leìmin` sdikg pulp is oelpesn` em meur parts. 1) MAJZIOAPIKG PBN VIVIKG _Y_PNLa) Assnljdn tbn pipn mittikg assnljdy jy usikg V]O sedvnkt onlnkt ak` ]udoasnad.j) @ridd tbn twe mdat sbnnt at onktnr ak` oerknrs.o) Wnd` tbn »“ GI kippdn at tbn onktnr em ekn mdat sbnnt.`) @ridd tbn jettel part em `rul at tbn onktnr ak` oerknrs.n) Iksnrt tbn wnd`n` GI kippdn ak` mdat sbnnt at tbn onktnr em `riddn` pertiek em tbn `rul.m) Iksnrt tbn etbnr nk` em wnd`n` GI kippdn ak` mdat sbnnt at tbn pipn mittikg assnljdy.g) Oekknot tbn etbnr pinon em mdat sbnnt te tbn wnd`n` GI kippdn jy usikg 1:ll jedt ak`

kut.



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:) OEK_PZÔPIKG PBN VZEVNDDNZa) Pbn prepnddnr is majrioatn` usikg meur =“ x 9“ (:6 gaugn) gadvakizn` stnnd sbnnt ak`

?/0“ GI kippdn. j) Wnd` tbn mdat sbnnt ek tbn GI kippdn.o) Jnk` tbn wnd`n` mdat sbnnt te snt tbn retatiek em tbn pulp, im tbn retatiek em tbn oeid

was odeocwisn tbn jnkìkg em tbn prepnddnr sbeud` jn ek a odeocwisn ìrnotiek adse.`) Oekknot tbn prepnddnr assnljdy te tbn wnd`n` mdat sbnnt ak` GI kippdn assnljdy akèk tbn etbnr nk` em tbn prepnddnr assnljdy oekknot tbn »“ V]O obnoc vadvn (jaddtypn) usikg »“ oeupdikg aàptnr (mnladn).

?) OEIDIKG PBN BE_N IK_I@N PBN @Z^L a) Oelputikg tbn nstilatn` dnkgtb em 1“ watnr besn.@rul ìal. < 1= ik, @rul dnkgtb < ?6 ik

Kuljnr em oeids < ?6 ik * < ?6 oeids

Oiroulmnrnkon `rul < ∗ ∗ ∗ . < 1.:7==269>?

Dnkgtb 1’’ besn < 1.:7==269>?∗?6 <?2.?660:2>7l + ?l addewakon <

Pbnrnmern3_ikgdn oeid is :1l (1>oeids) ak` èujdn oeid is 0:l (?6oeids).

j) Wrap tbn twe-:1l watnr besn odeocwisn iksi`n tbn `rul (spirad merl).o) @ridd tbn je`y em tbn `rul nvnry oeid ak` deoc it witb a oajdn tin.`) Oekknot tbn nk`s te tbn pipn mittikg assnljdy ak` mukknd ek tbn etbnr nk`s.n) @ridd tbn oevnr em tbn `rul ak` pdaon a »“ ukiek oeupdikg at tbn onktnr.m) Vdaon a _tyremeal (oujns) iksi`n tbn `rul ak` deocn` it usikg sornnk wirn.g) Vut tbn »“ ìalntnr watnr besn te eutdnt seocnt



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0) J^JJDN DNAC PN_PJujjdn dnac lntbe` is appdin` te tbn V]O obnoc vadvn (jadd typn) assnljdy, oekknotikg

it te tbn rukkikg watnr er mauonts te obnoc im tbn pipn oekknotiek was prnssurizn` er ke dnac. Amtnroekùotikg tbn jujjdn dnac tnst tbn rnsnarobnrs meuk` eut tbat tbn V]O obnoc vadvn assnljdy ba`ke dnac ek tbn nktirn oekknotiek.

O) PN_P AK@ EVNZAPIEKPbn mikisbn` pulp (Appnkìx O) was tnstn` ik Jrgy. Asik Z`. Kakgadisak, Puja, Jnkgunt

ek Mnjruary :>, :61= ak` Larob 1?, :61=. It is a mdewikg rivnr, wbnrn tbn pulp widd mukotiek,witb wi`n arna witb ìmmnrnkt vndeoitins em watnr ourrnkt (Zimn, 1220). Pbn vndeoity em rivnr mdew ata spnoimio part em tbn rivnr was `ntnrlikn` usikg a Vikg-Vekg jadd rndnasn` ik tbn rivnr ak` tiln`bew dekg it travnddn` a 9 mnnt ìstakon. Pbn èujdn oeidn` pulp was tnstn` mivn tilns at ìmmnrnkteutput ndnvatieks ak` tiln` bew mast it middn` a > gaddeks (12.9D) oektaiknr. _ikgdn oeidn` pulpwas tnstn` tbn saln as tbn èujdn oeidn` jut ekn ikdnt besn was oevnrn` witb oerc/steppnr.

@) _PAPI_PIOAD PZNAPLNKPPbn statistioad lntbe` usn` ik tbn stu`y ik tbn akadyzikg ak` iktnrprntikg tbn àta was twe-

taidn` pairn` P- tnst. Pbis cik` em P-tnst was usn` te oelparn lnaks ek tbn saln er rndatn` sujhnotevnr tiln er ik ìmmnrikg oiroulstakons (Xbakg, :66=). Ik tbn rnsnarob, it was usn` te `ntnrlikntbn sigkimioakt ìmmnrnkon ek tbn quaktity em `ndivnrn` watnr jntwnnk sikgdn ak` èujdn oeidn`

pulp. Pbn merluda was as meddews8

P < `_/∘ k

Wbnrn P stak`s mer P-vadun mer salpdns3 `, lnak em ìmmnrnkons witbik naob pair em àta3_ , stakàr` `nviatiek em tbn lnak em ìmmnrnkons3 ak` k, kuljnr em pairs em àta (KZ, 1992).

Pbn rnsnarobnrs sndnotn` mer a > pnronkt dnvnd em prejajidity te `ntnrlikn tbn `ngrnn emsigkimioakon em tbn mikìkgs witb 99 pnronkt rndiajidity (Oadlerik ak` Oadlerik, :667). Pbn oritioadvadun em P-tnst oak jn ejtaikn` usikg tbn tajdn sbewk ik Appnkìx A givnk tbn `ngrnn em mrnnèl(`m ) wbiob is (KZ, 1992)8

`m<k√1



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ZN_^DP_ AK@ @I_O^__IEK

Pbn pulp epnratn` prepnrdy, as it `ndivnrn` watnr at ìmmnrnkt bnigbt em eutdnt. Add tbn àtagatbnrn` ùrikg tbn nxpnrilnkt was sbewk ik tajdns :, ? ak` 0 bnd` ek Larob 1?, :61=.

Pe oelpdntndy midd tbn > gaddeks oektaiknr, tbn retatiek em tbn pulp ak` tilnejtaikn` arn sbewk ik tajdn : (Zetatiek ak` Piln oedulk).

Pajdn :. Vulp Zetatiek ak` Piln te midd ik a > gaddek (12.9D) oektaiknr

_ikgdn Oeid @eujdn OeidBnigbt

(mt.)Priad Zetatiek Piln

(lik.)Priad Zetatiek Piln

(lik.)1 0: 1.=1======7 1 ?6 1.1: 06 1.=====7 : ?: 1.:

? ? 0: 1.=1======7 ? ?: 1.:>

0 01 1.=> 0 ?6 1.1=======7> ?9 1.========7 > ?1 1.62???????Avnragn 06.2 1.=0????0 Avnragn ?1 1.1=

1 09 :.6> 1 ?0 1.=>: >: :.1 : ?: 1.0>

> ? >6 :.12??????? ? ?0 1.=????????0 09 1.9> 0 ?2 1.>1======7> >: :.6=======7 > ?> 1.>=======7

Avnragn >6.0 :.67 Avnragn ?0.= 1.>=??????1 =: :.= 1 06 1.========7

: >9 :.>???????? : 0: 1.71======79 ? =1 :.=> ? 0> 1.2????????

0 =: :.02??????? 0 00 1.9????????> =6 :.========7 > 0: 1.9=======7

Avnragn =6.2 :.>2=====7 Avnragn 0:.= 1.2:??????1 7: ?.: 1 >= :.?: 7> ?.6???????? : >9 :.?>

11 ? 76 ?.11======7 ? >2 :.>0 7> ?.:> 0 >= :.:=======7> 70 ?.?1======7 > >2 :.?????????

Avnragn 7?.: ?.12?????? Avnragn >7.0 :.?>1 11= 0.?2??????? 1 72 ?.:=======7: 1:6 0.????????? : 2? ?.?2???????

1= ? 112 0.01======7 ? 22 ?.01======70 11= 0.1=======7 0 7> ?.?????????> 11? 0.? > 2: ?.?

Avnragn 11=.= 0.?: Avnragn 21.: ?.?0



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Pajdn ?. Zivnr vndeoity

Priad@istakon

mt.Piln_no.

]ndeoitymt./sno

1 9 :.1> 0.12=60=>1:: 9 1.22 0.727:?060?

? 9 :.1> 0.12=60=>1:0 9 :.62 0.?:=9:?677> 9 1.22 0.727:?060?= 9 :.7= ?.:=62=9>=>7 9 :.:1 0.67:?92192 9 :.>7 ?.>6190>>:>9 9 :.2 ?.:10:2>710

16 9 :.?1 ?.29=16?29=Avnragn 0.6:1962762

Pajdn 0. Pwe Paidn` Vairn` P-tnst ]adunBnigbt

(mt.)Mdew Zatn @eujdn Oeid

(D/lik)Mdew Zatn _ikgdn Oeid

(D/lik) @immnrnkon

? 1=.:9?16?0> 11.>6161?7? 0.79:629712

> 1:.629>>::0 9.1?60?072? :.9>91170>=

9 16.?=>=?671 7.?6=7616?1 ?.6>29:9=2:

11 2.60:>>?191 >.9?717:77> :.16>?2601=

1= >.=>2=2:=?> 0.?7> 1.:2?=2:=?>Lnak em @immnrnkons (

) :.2?92?9921

_takàr` @nviatiek (_ ` ) 1.?671092>=P-tnst vadun (P) 0.2>79>>602

At ìmmnrnkt ndnvatiek tbat tbn pulp `ndivnrn` tbn watnr, ìmmnrnkt vedulntrio mdew ratnwnrn ejtaikn`. ]edulntrio mdew ratn is `nmikn` as tbn tetad veduln e m mdui` tbat levns witbik a`nmikn` spaon evnr a snt pnrie` e m tiln, ak` tbn merluda is8

< Q is tbn vedulntrio mdew ratn3 ] , veduln3 ak` t , tiln te midd tbn veduln (Prillnr, 1990).

Pbn t-tnst vadun ejtaikn` is 0.2>79>>602. ^sikg tbn tajdn ik Appnkìx A tbn oritioad vadunem P-tnst at > pnronkt dnvnd em prejajidity witb 0 `ngrnn em mrnnèl is 0.=60. _ikon tbn oelputn`P-vadun (0.2>79>>602) is grnatnr tbak em tbn oritioad vadun (0.=606), tbis lnaks tbat tbn lnak mdewratn at sikgdn ak` èujdn oeidn` pulp ìmmnrs witb naob etbnr (Palid, :61:).

Mer tbn rndatiek em eutput vedulntrio mdew ratn em a sikgdn ak` èujdn oeidn` pulp at avaryikg bnigbt at tbn saln vndeoity em rivnr strnal, Migurn 0 sbews tbat jetb sikgdn ak` èujdn

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oeidn` pulp bas a dewnr eutput mdew ratn as tbn ndnvatiek ikornasns, jut èujdn oeidn` pulp bas abigbnr eutput mdew ratn as oelparn` te a sikgdn oeidn` pulp.

OEKOD^_IEK

Pbn rnsnarobnrs ba` i`nktimin` bew sikgdn ak` èujdn oeidn` sdikg pulp ìmmnr mrel eknaketbnr, ik tnrls em eutput mdew ratn at varyikg ndnvatiek at tbn saln rivnr vndeoity strnal. It wasejsnrvn` tbat èujdn oeidn` pulp bas a grnatnr eutput mdew ratn oelparn` te sikgdn oeidn` pulp.Obakgikg tbn bnigbt eutput adse obakgns tbn quaktity em watnr `ndivnrn`. As tbn bnigbt ikornasns,

tbn quaktity em watnr ndivnrn` jy jetb sikgdn ak` èujdn oeidn` pulp nornasns. It teec lern tilnte midd tbn > gaddeks oektaiknr as tbn bnigbt is ikornasn`.

Jasn` mrel tbn àta gatbnrn`, tbn rnsnarobnrs meuk` eut tbat tbn eutput mdew ratn em sikgdnoeidn` pulp (1> oeids) was adlest tbrnn-meurtbs tbn eutput mdew ratn em èujdn oeidn` pulp (?6oeids). Pbis lnaks tbat tbn ?6 oeids oekknotn` ik paraddnd barknssn` ìmmnrnkt aleukt em watnr.Mrel tbn statistioad trnatlnkt la`n, tbnrn is a grnat ìsornpakoy em eutput watnr tbat tbn pulpoeud` `ndivnr im it widd jn epnratn` at ìmmnrnkt kuljnr em oeids, tbis lnaks tbat èujdn oeidn` pulpbas lern ak` jnttnr quaktity em eutput watnr tbat oak ndivnr tbak epnratikg at a sikgdn oeidn` pulp.

ZNOELLNK@APIEK

Ik tbis stu`y, tbn rnsnarobnrs ba` seln ìmmioudtins rngarìkg tbn oeupdikg assnljdy usn`te snparatn tbn retatiek em pulp te tbn eutdnt besn wbiob oausn` mer tbn rnsnarobnrs te oekùot tbnnxpnrilnkt twion. Pbn rnsnarobnrs selnbew mik` a way te juid` a jnttnr oeupdikg assnljdy usikga V]O obnoc vadvn (jadd typn) tbat bas ke dnac jut oak’t bak`dn luob prnssurn wbiob ammnot tbnlaxilul ndnvatiek tbat tbn leìmin` sdikg pulp oak aobinvn`. It is rnoellnk`n` te obakgn ak``nvndep lern tbn ilprevisn` oeupdikg assnljdy usn`, te aobinvn a bigbnr ndnvatiek mer tbn purpesnem ilprevikg tbn eutput em tbn pulp.

6

:

0

=

2

16

1:

10

1=

12

6 ? = 9 1: 1> 12 ] e

d u l n t r i o M d e w

Z a t n

( D / l i k

)

Ndnvatiek (mt.)

Migurn 0. Ndnvatiek vs ]edulntrio Mdew Zatn_ikgdn Oeid @eujdn Oeid



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Pe prevn tbn rnsudts em tbn stu`y ak` vadiàtn tbn rnoegkizn` arnas em ilprevnlnkt, a lernoelprnbnksivn tnst ak` nvaduatiek, ùn te tbn dilitatieks em tbn nxpnrilnkt, it weud` jn suggnstn`mer muturn rnsnarobnrs te a`` tbn kuljnr em etbnr maoters suob as bavikg a lern kuljnr em oeidsiksi`n tbn `rul mer a jnttnr eutput mdew ratn, ìmmnrnkt kuljnr em prepnddnr jda`n, jda`n akgdn, sizn,latnriad ak` `nsigk, ìmmnrnkt typn ak` ìalntnr em watnr besn iksi`n tbn pulp te prnvnkt jnkìkg,

usikg a wyn mittikgs ikstna` em tnn mittikgs ak` a lern aoouratn way te lnasurn tbn eutput mdew ratnsikon tbn rnsnarobnrs ekdy usn` seln ilprevisn` way em lnasurikg tbn eutput mdew ratn suob asgnttikg tbn tiln te midd ik a > gaddeks oektaiknr ak` oelputikg its vedulntrio mdew ratn jy usikgmerludas. Mer oelparisek purpesns, i`nktioad stuìns oak jn èkn ik etbnr rivnr vndeoity strnalak` oeksi`nrikg a lern kuljnr em triads mer lern aoouraoy em àta.

AOCKEWDN@GLNKP

Ajevn add, tbn rnsnarobnrs weud` dicn te emmnr tbnir utlest gratitu`n te Ge`, eur Matbnr merBis jdnssikgs, nk`dnss devn ak` guiàkon. Witb Bis guiàkon, tbn rnsnarobnrs weud` ket bavnnkeugb strnkgtb ak` oeuragn te mikisb tbis stu`y.

Pbn rnsnarobnrs weud` adse dicn te nxprnss tbnir grnatnst gratitu`n te tbn meddewikg8

Pe tbn rnsnarobnrs’ malidins, nspnoiaddy te tbnir parnkts, mer givikg tbnl tbn letivatiek,`ntnrlikatiek ak` mikakoiad suppert te mikisb tbn stu`y.

Pe Cagawa` @ndjnr Ajakoon, mer aooelleàtikg ak` dnttikg us oekùot eur nxpnrilnktik a rivnr deoatn` at Jrgy. Asik Z`. Kakgadisak, Puja, Jnkgunt.

Dastdy, te tbn rnsnarobnrs’ a`visnr, Nkgr. Larondike Dukag Hr., mer tbn supnrvisiek,suggnstieks ak` patinkon ik èikg tbn nktirn prehnot witb us.

ZNMNZNKON_

Palid, Azli Leb`. :61:. _tu`nkt's P-tnst, Vairn` P-Pnst, AKE]A & Vrepertiekatn Pnst mrelbttp8//www.sdi`nsbarn.knt/`rtalid/stu`nkts-ttnst-pairn`-ttnst-akeva-prepertiekatn-tnst

Jrewk, Dakon. Jritisb Oeduljia, Likisturn em Agrioudturn, Mee` ak` Misbnrins, —DivnsteocWatnrikg Maotsbnn`“, :66>

Xbakg, Hey Yikg. :66=. Oekmi`nkon iktnrvad ak` tbn _tu`nkt’s t-tnst mrel bttp8//prehnotidn.sv.olu.nù/rnsnarobnr/pujdio/tadcs/t-tnst/btl

Daurnktika Vadnr-Oadlerik ak` Lndober A. Oadlerik. :667. Znsnarob Lntbe`s ak` Pbnsis Writikg: k` Nìtiek , Znx Jeec _tern, Iko., pp. 77, 1:6-1::, ?2>

Katurad Znseurons (KZ) Lakagnlnkt ak` Nkvireklnkt @npartlnkt. 1992. Gui`ndikn s mer quaditylakagnlnkt ik seid ak` pdakt dajeraterins mrel bttp8//www.mae.erg/èornp/w7:9>n /w7:9>n62.btl

Zimn By`raudio Nkgikn Lmg. Oe. 1220. Zimn Zivnr Vulp mrel bttp8//www.rimnral.oel/rivnr/_teoclak. :66=. Pbn _eoclak’s Gui`n te Zakgn Divnsteoc Watnrikg mrel _urmaon Watnr _euronsPaidnr, Vntnr, Pbn _pirad Vulp —A Bigb Dimt, _dew Purkikg Vulp“, 192=.Prillnr, W.D. 1990. Nstilatikg Watnr Mdew Zatns . p ?

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http://www.slideshare.net/drtamil/students-ttest-paired-ttest-anova-proportionate-test

http://projectile.sv.cmu/

http://www.fao.org/nr/index_en.htm


http://www.fao.org/docrep/w7295


http://www.riferam.com/river/

http://www.riferam.com/river/





http://projectile.sv.cmu/

http://www.slideshare.net/drtamil/students-ttest-paired-ttest-anova-proportionate-test

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V a g n | 16

AVVNK@IR AOZIPIOAD ]AD^N_ EM P

Dnvnd em _igkimioakon mer Ekn-Paidn` Pnst6.6:>

Dnvnd em _igkimioakon mer Pwe-Paidn` Pnst6.6> 6.61

1 1:.76= =?.=>7: 0.?6? 9.9:>? ?.12: >.2010 :.77= 0.=60> :.>71 0.6?:= :.007 ?.7677 :.992 ?.0992 :.29= ?.?>>9 :.:=: ?.:>6

16 :.::2 ?.1=911 :.:61 ?.16=1: :.179 ?.6>>1? :.1=6 ?.61:10 :.10> :.9771> :.1?1 :.9071= :.1:6 :.9:117 :.116 :.29212 :.161 :.272

19 :.69? :.2=1:6 :.62= :.20>:1 :.626 :.2?1:: :.670 :.219:? :.6=9 :.267:0 :.6=0 :.797:> :.6=6 :.727

Mrel8 Pajdn II em Z.A. Misbnr ak` M. Yatns, _tatistioad Pajdns mer Jiedegioad, Agrioudturad ak` Lnìoad Znsnarob pujdisbn` jy Edivnr & Jey` Dt`., Nìkjurgb, jy pnrlissiek em tbn autbers ak`

pujdisbnr (Oadlerik ak` Oadlerik, :667)



V a g n | 11

AVVNK@IR JOELV^PAPIEK EM @APA

Pwe-Paidn` Vairn` P- Pnst Merluda8

< /∘

Oelputikg mer tbn ìmmnrnkon em mdew ratn8 < √ 1 < 1=.:9?16?0> √11.>6161?7? < 0.79:629712

: < 1:.629>>::0 √9.1?60?072? < :.9>91170>= ? < 16.?=>=?671 √7.?6=7616?1 < ?.6>29:9=2:

0 < 2.60:>>?191 √>.9?717:77> < :.16>?2601=

> < >.=>2=2:=?> √0.?7> < 1.:2?=2:=?>

Oelputikg mer tbn lnak ìmmnrnkons8 <

< 0.79:629712 +:.9>91170>=+?.6>29:9=2: +:.16>?2601=+1.:2?=2: >

< .

Oelputikg mer tbn stakàr` `nviatiek em lnak ìmmnrnkons8

< ∑( √ ) √

Oelputikg mirst mer (` √):8(0.79:629712√:.2?92?9921): < ?.211:796:2

(:.9>91170>=√:.2?92?9921): < 6.610::711=

(?.6>29:9=2: √:.2?92?9921): < 6.602666:97

(:.16>?2601=√:.2?92?9921): < 6.>?90?62>:

(1.:2?=2:=?>√:.2?92?9921): < :.0:1=:>=27

A`ìkg add tbn vaduns em (`√`) givns a tetad em =.2?0>=:979

Pbnk,

_ < =.2?0>=:979>√1 < . Pbus,

P < | :.2?92?9921|1.?671092>=/∘ > < .



V a g n | 1:

AVVNK@IR OOEK_PZÔPN@ LE@IMIN@ _DIKG V^LV

A) OEK_PZÔPN@ LE@IMIN@ _DIKG V^LV

J) LE@IMIN@ OE^VDIKG A__NLJDYPbn migurn sbew snvnrad typns em oeupdikg assnljdy ornatn`.

La`n em V]O obnoc vadvn (jadd typn), ke dnac jut oak’t bak`dn bigb prnssurn.

La`n em lntad (jnarikg typn), oak bak`dn bigb prnssurn jut ba` dnac.



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