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Effective Public Speaking
Leadership Certification
Level 1
Nancy L. Van Pelt
1. Speeches that inform
Three Types of Public Speaking
• Explain
• Report
• Describe
• Clarify
• Define
• Demonstrate
2. Speeches that persuade
Designed to convince
or influence beliefs
or attitudes
3. Speeches that entertain
Use humour to influence an audience
Goal: to warm audience up
Three main speaking styles
• Cool presenter
• Hot presenter
• Dull presenter
Four basic methods of delivery
• Reading a manuscript verbatim
• From memory
• Speaking impromptu
• Speaking extemporaneously
Getting Organized
The organized speaker is more likely to be though of as competent and trustworthy.
How Long Should a Talk Be?
• “Long enough to reach the ground”• There’s great power in words, if you don’t hitch
to many of them together.”• No one likes a speech that runs too long.• “Lord, fill my mouth with worthwhile stuff . . .
and nudge me when I’ve said enough.”• The more you have to say, and the more time
you take, the less people will remember
Know Your Audience
Make up of Audience
• Superiors
• Peers
• Team members
• Special interest groups
• Mixed groups
Time to Outline
• Gather materials
• Examples
• Statistics
• Testimony
The Preparation Outline
I. IntroductionII. Body
A. Main pointB. Main point
a. Sub sub-pointb. Sub sub-point
III. Conclusion
Build the Body First
The Introduction
The beginning prepares listeners for what is to come.
Three things you do during the intro.
• Get attention
• Startle the audience with an arresting statement
• Arouse curiosity
The Conclusion
Two Purposes
• Let the audience know you are ending
• Reinforce central idea• The conclusion should
conclude
Two versions of speaking Outline
IneffectiveI. 1840-1860A. World Anti-Slavery ConventionB. Seneca Falls convention1. Lucretia Mott2. Elizabeth Cady Stanton3. Declaration of Sentiments
II. 1900-1920A. National American Woman
Suffrage Association1. Founding2. ObjectivesB. Nineteenth Amendment1. Campaign2. Ratification
More EffectiveI. 1840-1860
A. World Anti-Slavery ConventionB. Seneca Falls convention 1. Lucretia Mott
2. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
3. Declaration of Sentiments
II. 1900-1920A. National American Woman
Suffrage Association 1. Founding 2. Objectives
B. Nineteenth Amendment 1. Campaign 2. Ratification
Visual Aids
• One picture is worth a thousand words
Retentions With Visual Aids
• With visual aids – 82% within 24 hours
– 62% three weeks later
• Without visual aid– 62% within 24 hours
– 20% three weeks later
Tips for using visual aids:
• Avoid chalkboards• Prepare visuals in advance• Prepare them large enough• Display them to be seen• Avoid passing aid among audience• Display aids only while discussing
them
Tips for using visual aids(cont):
• Talk to audience, not visual aid• Practice with visual aid• Real objects make good visuals• Computer presentations
Handouts
• Distribute handouts after your presentation
• Tell the audience that handouts will be provided at the end
• Have enough handouts for everyone
Flubs ‘N Things
Body language
• Verbal 7%• Tone of Voice 38%• Non Verbal 55%
HEY,
WHAT
ARE YOU
GUYS DOING
OVER THERE?! NONE OF
YOUR
BUSINESS!
WOULD YOU
GUYS KEEP IT
QUIET UP THERE?!
Body Language
• Body Posture
• Hand Gesture– By your side– Do not place your hands on the podium– Hand gestures should be about chest level– Open hand conveys openness and encourages
trust
Eye Contact
Speaker
Speaker
Section 1
Section 1
Section 2
Section 2
Section 3
Section 3 Section 4Section 5
Audience
The speaker has three major sections to make eye contact with
The larger the audience, the more sections you need to establish for effective eye contact
Facial Expressions
• Initial feeling an audience gets from a speaker comes through facial expressions
• Be yourself
• Smile before you begin speaking
Winning Conversation
• The tone of voice can draw others toward you or push them away
• A word may be a word, but how it is received is dependent on how it is said
• Meaning is given to words by the sender as she chooses the words,m but also is taken by the listener as she listens and interprets
Lag Time
• Average speaker 100-150 wpm
• Slow speaker 80-90 wpm
• Fast speaker Up to 170 wpm
• Can listen to 450-600 wpm
We can THINK 5 times faster than we can talk!
A Fast Talker Contra Slow Talker
• The fast talker can be persuasive and expressive
• The slow talker may imply apathy and indifference
• Speak fast enough to keep people intrigued, but not so fast they feel uncomfortable or rushed
• Prepare speaking outline• Practice aloud• Polish & refine delivery• Present under similar conditions
Practice!
Practice!
Practice!
Purpose of an Introduction
• Build enthusiasm for speaker• Build enthusiasm for topic• Establish a welcoming
atmosphere• Boost credibility of speaker
Points to Remember
• Check facts for accuracy• Adapt remarks to
occasion• Adapt remarks to
audience• Create a sense of
anticipation
Room Setting
Audience members should be able to easily see the speaker and visual aids the speaker presents.
Speaker
Audience Audience
Audience Audience Audience
Podium
Seating Arrangement
X
☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻ ☻
☻ ☻ ☻ ☻
☻ ☻
☻ ☻
☻ ☻
☻
☻ ☻
☻ ☻
☻ ☻
☻ ☻
☻ ☻
☻☻ ☻
☻ ☻
☻ ☻
☻
Registration Table
Refre
shm
ent T
able
Book Table
(May need 2)
Back of Room
◙ Overhead Projector
(Screen or Blank Wall – elevated if possible)
Conference StyleVisual display
leader
Refreshments/displays
Visual display
leader
Refreshments/displays
U-Shaped Style
Refreshments/
displays
Visual display
leader
Circle Style
Pod StyleVisual display
leader
Refreshments/displays
Classroom StyleVisual display
leader
Refreshments/displays
Chevron StyleVisual display
leader
Refreshments/displays
“The outside appearance is frequently an index to the mind, and we should be careful
what signs we hang out for the world to judge of our faith.” (MYP p346)
Your aim when in public is to present a picture of poise, and quiet serenity.
Guidelines for appropriate dress
• Avoid fabrics that wrinkle• Dress traditionally• Wear a dress or business suit• Empty pockets• Leave hand bag at your seat• Use of colour• Necklines• Tailored look gives more
authority• Choose comfortable shoes
Platform Decorum
“The outside appearance is frequently an index to the mind, and we should be careful what signs we hang out for the world to judge of our faith.” Ellen G. White (Messages to Young People p.346)
Appearance
• Posture– Sit up straight– Stand up straight– Maintain good posture
Appearance
• Sitting– Keep your hands quiet and in your lap
– Put them to one side rather than in the middle of your lap
– Keep your knees together
– Place your feet out slightly farther than the knees
– Keep the soles of your shoes on the floor
– Never, ever cross your legs on the platform!
Appearance
• Standing– Assume what is called the social stance
Appearance
• Ascending and Descending Stairs– Pause for a second or two before beginning– Bend your knees– Keep your knees slightly bent– With your head high, put your whole foot on
the stairs with the toe straight ahead– Do not watch your feet– Rest your hand lightly on the railing
Using a podium
• Do not put hands on it
• Do not lean on it
• Check podium height
When using a microphone
•Don’t use a hand held mike•A lapel or lavaliere mike is ideal•Prepare as if you had no mike•Adjust mike before speaking•Stand close enough to benefit•Don’t allow mike to block your face•Be careful with “p” or “th” sounds•Beware of other noises
You can reduce stage fright by• Preparation & rehearsing 75%• Deep breathing 12%• Mind Control 10%
Tips for overcoming fear
• Pick your own subject matter• Follow the “as if” principle• Put on a happy face• Think positively• Picture your audience as friendly• No apologies• Pray again, again, and again