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e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:03/Issue:04/April-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science
[2425]
EFFECT OF ADMIXTURES ON PROPERTIES OF HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE
Swati B. Shende*1, Swapneel R. Statone*2, Er. Rohit Naik*3, Er. Bhagwat Patil*4
*1,2Research Scholar, Structural Engineering Department, K.D.K College Of Engineering,
Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
*3,4Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, K.D.K College Of Engineering,
Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
ABSTRACT
High performance concrete (HPC) is quick obtaining acceptableness for a wide range of usage in the design of
concrete framework. It’s a tailor made material for specific usage and having avail competency like high
competency high durability and high constructability. HPC is that the concrete meets the performance and
necessities that to be obtained by conventional material, normal mixing, placing and curing practices. During
this study, a brief review on strength and durability on M70 grade of concrete results, a new composite material
has been developed and improved cements evolved. As accordance Indian standard code IS: 456-2000 concrete
of comprehensive meanders≥60Mpa. concrete of grades M70 are considered as HPC. To produce such a HPC,
mineral applied blend like micro silica, and fly ash on the one hand and super plasticizer on the other hand
along with normal ingredients. The scope of this study is to analyze the effect of mineral admixtures like silica
fume, and fly ash towards the performance of HPC. The suppressible reliability of HPC with mineral admixtures
at the substitute scale of 5%, 10%, 15% micro silica and 35%, 40%and 45% of fly ash was studied at 7 days, 14
days and 28 days and of curing. The reliability were compared and therefore the best substitute of every
mineral admixture was received. The tensile reliability and flexural reliability of HPC were obtained at identical
substitute scale of mineral admixtures at 28 days curing.
Keywords: High strength concrete, Admixtures, Strength, Durability, Fly Ash, Micro Silica.
I. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is a strong & enduring goods. The most popular material Reinforced concrete is used though out the
world for construction. After all usage and investigation reverence to workability meanders and durability of
concrete is enhancement very much and gives an exclusive performance is called as “HPC”. It is an extent of
materials combining of sequel beyond the lineal mix concrete and production methods. The exploit age of high-
strength and high-performance concrete has been increasing ubiquitously the world. Due to the better
engineering and performance competency, mineral admixtures such as silica fume (SF), fly ash (FA) ) are
normally included in the production of high-strength and high-performance concrete. Since the different
mineral admixtures possess different chemical and mineralogical creation as well as different particle features,
they could have different effects on the competency of concrete inclusive of the setting features of concrete.
Knowledge of the setting features of concrete is rather important in the field of concrete building. The
production of high performance concrete involves appropriate selection and proportioning of the constituents
to produce a composite mainly characterized by its low porosity and fine pore building. These, in term, improve
the resistance of concrete to the penetration of harmful substances such as chloride and sulphate ions, carbon
dioxide, water and oxygen, and because the extended serviceableness execution. The amend pore building of
high-execution concrete is mainly cognizable by the exploitation of chemical and mineral blend. Super
plasticizers allow substantial deficiency in the mixing water. Mineral admixtures, such as silica fume (SF) and
fly ash (FA), provide additional deficiency to the porosity of the mortar matrix and amend the interface with the
aggregate. Another factor impacts the quality of high-performance concrete. Highlighted the exigent
requirement of wet curing from the earliest possible moment. Since high-performance concrete is a relatively
recent evolution, there is a requirement for studying long-term behavior in apart environments. In this study
the impact of mineral blend on the short- and long-term competency of high-performance concrete was detect.
Concrete mixes made with different binders (OPC, OPC/SF and OPC/FA) were prepared and air cured at 27°C
and 65% relative humidity. Assessment was made by comparing the porosity; engineering potency and
transport (permeability and diffusion) features of the different mixes, up to the age.
e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:03/Issue:04/April-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science
[2426]
II. MATERIALS
1. Cement
Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade having specific gravity was 3.15 used in the investigation. The Cement
used has been tested for various proportions as per IS 4031-1988.
2. Fine Aggregate
River sand having the specific gravity of 2.65 was used in investigation.
3. Coarse Aggregate
4. Water
Potable tap water available in the laboratory with pH value of 7.0±1 and confirming to the requirements of IS:
456 - 2000 was used for mixing concrete. Well-rounded aggregate of 12.5 mm size having the specific gravity of
2.74 was used in the investigation.
5. Fly Ash
The deflagration of coal by using flue gases, results the collection of electrostatic precipitator. The most widely
used mineral admixture is fly ash over the world. Extensive research has given the benefits that can be achieved
by utilization of fly ash. At present all over the world high volume of fly ash concrete is very much preferred.
The generation of quality of flies ash from various plants to more extent & not ready to be used in concrete
further processing is necessarily done.
6. Micro Silica
Silica fume is also referred as micro silica or condensed silica flume, and it is a material which is used as
artificial mineral admixtures. Silica fume rises as a vapor oxide. They collected in cloth bags by cooling and
condensing Micro silica increases concrete strengths producing financial benefits to builders, developers and
property owners. Columns and wall thickness are reduced providing cost saving and improved construction
schedules. The internal cohesiveness of micro silica ensures a smooth formwork finish. The combination of
silica fume and super plasticizer are the important materials for high performance concrete.
Its properties are mentioned below.
Table1
III. METHODOLOGY
Experimental Work
In the Experimental work consists for making of M70 grade concrete.M70 concrete designed as per IS:1062-
2019 present work is to study on fresh and hardened properties of High strength concrete with Fly Ash &
micro silica as mineral admixture (M70 Grade). The work focused on replacement of Fly Ash 35%, 40%, 45%
µ silica 5% 10%, 15%, with the 0.26water cement ratio. The Concrete mixes contains different
proportions of Fly Ash Micro silica & cement and constant proportions of water binder ,micro silica, Coarse
aggregate and Fine aggregate for constant water-cement ratios. The mix proportions are obtained on the basis
of IS 1062-2019 mix design.
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Volume:03/Issue:04/April-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
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[2427]
Test Specimen and Test Procedure
Cube casting specimens of dimension 15cm X 15cm X 15cm, cylinder casting specimen of diameter 15mm and
length 30cm, and Concrete Beam casting specimens of size 15cmX 15cm X 70cm were casted. The specimens
were cured for 7, 14 and 28days.
Mix Proportions for High Strength Concrete
Mix design is obtained for M70 grade of concrete by using Indian standard code 10262:2019 guidelines.
Table 2: Mix design obtained for M70 grade of concrete
Mix Proportion of HSC Mixes
Table 3: Trial Mix Proportion of HSC
CASTING AND CURING SPECIMEN
Fig1: Casting of cubes Fig2: Casting of beam
Fig3: Different concrete samples in curing tank
Trail Mix Proportion
1 100% Cement + 0% Fly Ash + 0% Micro silica (Conventional
concrete)
2 60% Cement + 35% Fly Ash + 5% Micro silica
3 50% Cement + 40% Fly Ash + 10% Micro silica
4 40% Cement + 45% Fly Ash + 15% Micro silica
e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
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[2428]
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The compressive strength of M70 grade concrete having mineral admixture silica fume for 7 days and 28 days
are shown in following table.
V. TESTING AND RESULTS
Workability
The workability of all the cube that were prepared and discussed in above tables were tested by slump test. The
range of the workability for different concrete mixes.
Table 4: Range of workability, slump and compacting factor of concrete
with 20mm or 40mm maximum size of aggregate
Result of Workability Test
Slump test is been performed on fresh concrete of grade M70
Table 5: Comparison of Fresh Properties of High Strength Concrete all 4 trial mixes
Type of concrete Fly Ash + Micro silica Slump Test (mm)
Conventional (M70) 0% 80
FM 1 40% 90
FM 2 45% 100
FM 3 50% 120
Compressive Strength Test of High Strength Concrete
Test result of Cube for Compressive Strength Test
Table 6: Comparison of Compressive strength of HSC In all 4 trial mixes
Sr No.
Curing
Days
Average Compressive Strength In N/mm2
Conventional
(M70)
FM-1 FM-2 FM-3
1 7 70.90 68.40 69.69 69.87
2 14 73.94 73.99 74.89 71.83
3 28 82.32 83.72 84.45 78.37
e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:03/Issue:04/April-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
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[2429]
Figure 4: Compressive strength of HSC Comparison in Graph
Split-Tensile Strength Test of High Strength Concrete
Test result of Split Tensile Strength Test
Table 7: Comparison of Split-Tensile strength of HSC in all 4 trial mixes
Sr No. Curing Days Average Split-Tensile Strength In N/Mm2
Conventional (M70) FM-1 FM-2 FM-3
1 7 1.55 2.218 2.859 2.166
2 14 1.35 2.925 3.078 3.064
3 28 1.73 3.178 3.577 3.466
Figure 5: Split-Tensile strength of HSC Comparison in Graph
Flexural Strength Test of High Strength Concrete
Table8: Comparison of Flexural Strength of HSC in all 4 trial mixes
Sr No. Curing
Days Average Split-Tensile Strength In N/Mm2
Conventional
(M70)
FM-1 FM-2 FM-3
1 7 5.18 5.32 5.33 5.19
2 14 5.60 5.78 5.97 5.58
3 28 6.20 6.35 6.38 6.25
10
30
50
70
90
Conventional(M70)
FM1 FM2 FM3
70.9 68.4 69.69 69.87 73.94 73.99 74.89 71.83 82.32 83.72 84.45
78.37
STR
ENG
TH (
MP
a)
CONCRETE SAMPLES
Compressive Strength
7 days 14 days
0
2
4 1.55 2.218 2.859 2.166 1.35
2.925 3.078 3.064 1.73
3.178 3.466 3.577
STR
ENG
TH (
MP
a)
CONCRETE SAMPLES
Split Tensile Strength
7 days 14 days 28 days
e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:03/Issue:04/April-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science
[2430]
Figure 6: Flexural strength of HSC Comparison in Graph
Durability Test of High Strength Concrete
Water Permeability Test of HSC
Table 9: Comparison of Water permeability test for 4 trail mixes
Figure 7: Water Permeability Test of HSC Comparison in Graph
05
10 5.18 5.32 5.33 5.19 5.6 5.78 5.97 5.58 6.2 6.35 6.38 6.25
STR
ENG
TH (
MP
a)
CONCRETE SAMPLES
Flexural Strength
7 days 14 days 28 days
13.56
14.83
14.43
13.21
12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15
M70
Cement + 35% Fly Ash + 5% Micro Silica
Cement + 35% Fly Ash + 10% Micro…
Cement + 35% Fly Ash + 15% Micro…
Permeability
Nam
e O
f M
ix
Permeability
Sr.No. Mix Proportions Average Depth Of Penetrations
In Mm
At Pressure
For
72 Hrs.+/- 2
Hrs.
1 M70 13.56 5 Kg/Cm2
2 Cement +35%Fly Ash +5% Micro
silica
14.83 5 Kg/Cm2
3 Cement +40%Fly Ash 10% Micro
silica
14.43 5 Kg/Cm2
4 Cement +45%Fly Ash +15% Micro
silica
13.21 5 Kg/Cm2
e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:03/Issue:04/April-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
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[2431]
Rapid Chloride Permeability Test of HSC
Table10: Comparison of Rapid Chloride permeability test for 4 trail mixes
Figure8: Rapid Chloride Permeability Test of HSC Comparison in Graph
VI. CONCLUSION
1. On the basis of experimentation work carried out, the following conclusions are drawn: The chemical
property of Fly ash and Micro silica shows that it possesses a cementations property. The workability of
concrete found to be gradually increasing with the addition of Fly ash and Micro Silica in cement.
2. From 4 trial mix, a mixed with 50% Fly Ash 35% 5 to 10%Microsilica was found to meet higher criteria &
possessed maximum compressive strength value.
3. The compressive strength of HSC increase with the time of curing a considerable increase in the
compressive strength of concrete exposed to the atmospheric condition in trial mix 2 the 7,14 ,28 days
strength was higher. As compared to conventional value.
4. The split tensile strength of HSC increase with the time of curing a considerable increase in the split tensile
strength of concrete exposed to the atmospheric condition in trial mix 2, the 7, 14, 28 days strength was
higher as compared to conventional concrete.
5. The Flexural strength of HSC increase with the time of curing a considerable increase in the Flexural
strength of concrete exposed to the atmospheric condition in trial mix 2, the 7, 14, 28 days strength was
higher as compared to conventional concrete. Water penetration depth according to IS 516 And DIN 1048
value by applying of 5kg/cm2 at the rate 72+/-hrs. is higher as similar to other.
6. The rapid chloride permeability test according to (ASTMC 1202) was very low for 28 days curing the
specimen in all condition investigated study.
FUTURE SCOPE
Following are some suggestions for future research
1. The scope of using high performance concrete in our constructional activities lies large, viz., precast, pre
stressed bridges, multi-storied buildings, bridges and structures on coastal areas and like. To affect this
change, we will have to revise the designing to structures by encouraging use of high strength concrete.
2. As soon as micro crack appears, sudden failure is observed in high strength concrete cubes.
3. Fly Ash and Micro silica can be used for different Grade of concrete
Conventional M70 M70 Fly Ash + Micro Silica
Column1 1250 813
1250
813
100
600
1100
1600
Rap
id C
hlo
rid
e p
erm
eab
ility
Sr.No
.
Designation Of Mix Total Charge Passed Through In
Coulombs At 28 Days
Permeability
1 M60 Conventional 1250 Low
2
M60
Fly Ash + Micro
Silica
813
Very Low
e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:03/Issue:04/April-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science
[2432]
VII. REFRENCE
[1] Key Willen and Christopher Boisvert-Cotulio (2015), “Material efficiency in the design of ultra-high
performance concrete”, Journal of Construction and Building Materials.
[2] Ahlborn, T., Peuse, E., Mission, D., and Gilbertson, C., (2008). Durability and strength characterization of
ultra-high performance concrete under variable curing regimes. In Proceedings of the 2nd International
Symposium on Ultra High Performance Concrete, Kassel, Germany.
[3] K. S. Al-Jabri, M. B. Waris, and A. H. Al-Saidy, “ Effect of aggregate and water to cement ratio on concrete
properties at elevated temperature,” Fire and Materials, 2016
[4] N. Subramanian, “Evaluation and enhancing the punching shear resistance of flat slabs using HSC,”
Indian Concrete Journal 2005.
[5] M. Hamrat, B. Boulekbache, M. Chemrouk, and S. Amziane, “Shear behavior of RC beams without
stirrups made of normal strength and high strength concrete,” Advances in Structural Engineering.
[6] KIM, HEE S, WON J C, JEONG R C, YOUNG J K AND HYEJIN Y, An Experimental Study on the Behavior of
Shear Keys According to the Curing Time of UHPC, Engineering, 2015.
[7] PREM P P, BHARATHUKUMAR B H, AND NAGESH R L, Mechanical properties of ultra-high performance
concrete, World academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 1969-1978.
[8] BEYARD O AND PLE O, Fracture mechanics of reactive powder concrete material modeling and
experimental investigations, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2003.
[9] Jianxin Ma, Markoorgass “Comparative investigations on Ultra High Performance concrete with and
without course aggregate”.