EEL303 L1 Introduction

8/4/2019 EEL303 L1 Introduction

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1A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2011)

EEL303: Power Engineering - 1Introductory Lecture

Course Coordinator: A. R. AbhyankarOffice: Block II, Room 135

Email: [email protected]


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Evaluation Scheme

Minor 1: 20

Minor 2: 20

Re-Minor: 20

Major: 40 Pre-Minor 1 Quiz: 7

Pre-Minor 2 Quiz: 7

Pre-Major Quiz: 7

Attendance: 6

Best 2 out of 3 will be considered

Best 2 out of 3 will be considered


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Attendance Marks Distribution

100% = 6

95


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Books / References

Power System Analysis: John Grainger and

W D Stevenson, Tata McGraw Hill Electric Energy Systems Theory: Olle Elgerd,

Tata MacGraw Hill

Power System Engineering: I J Nagrath andD P Kothari, Tata MacGraw Hill

Power Generation, Operation and Control:

Wood and Wollenberg, John Wiley Your own class notes!


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General Instructions

Please be on time. Late entry into the class

not allowed. Tutorials will start from 8th August 2011.

Attendance to be registered with TAs. 80 Marks and above: A grade

30 Marks and below: F grade


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What is Power System?Generation

Transmission

Distribution

Utilisation

Control of these functions at appropriate levels


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Thenumberofvariablesinapowersystemishuge,andmanytypesofuncertaintiesarepresent.Fewifanyaerospaceproblemsyieldsuchachallengingsetofconditions.

Fred C. Schweppe (1934-1988)

Professor of Electrical Engineering, MIT

Iworkedonaerospaceproblemsformanyyearsbeforeconvertingtopowersystems,and,inmyopinionatleast,powerproblemsaretougherinmanyrespects.


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ArcLampandDynamo

100V(DC)

Station

TransformerInvented

steam

turbineinvented

1st multiple

voltage ACsystem forhouse lighting

Singlephase AC4kV systemfor streetlighting

commercial

use ofmultiphasesystem

3 phasehydro

stationinstalled

1879

1882

1883

1884

1886

1890

1891

1895

Brief History


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Single Line Diagram Representation


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Power Generation

Courtesy: Google Images


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Power Transmission



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Substation



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Power Distribution



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Power Distribution!!! (or Distortion??)



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Power System Control



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Why AC Generation and Transmission?

Economics!!! Easier and Cheaper to generate

AC power and transmit Voltage (and current) transformation

Efficient uitilisation: Cheap and effective ACmotors


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Topological Difference

Transmission Mesh (or Loop) (Why?)

Reliability: main concern

A contingency has system-wide effects

Distribution Radial (Why?)

Economics!

A fault has local disruption

Protection issues


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Indian Scenario

Salient features:

One of the largest interconnected power systemsin the world

Installed capacity comparable with the largest

power markets in the world Member of VLPGO Association

Characterised by power deficit situation


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India: Power Facts

Area :2,973,190 km2

Population : 1.21 billion Per capita consumption : 700 kWh Five regional grids

Two synchronous grids Installed Capacity 177 GW Peak Demand ~121 GW


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All India Installed Capacity

Courtesy: www.cea.nic.in


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All India Installed CapacityCourtesy: cea.nic.in


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NR

WR

SR

ER

NER

Ennore

Kudankulam

Kayamkulam

Partabpur

Talcher/Ib Valley

Vindhyachal

Korba

MAJOR ENERGY RESOURCES IN INDIA

LEGEND

Coal

Hydro

Lignite

Coastal

Nuclear

Vizag

Simhadri

Kaiga

Tarapur

Mangalore

Krishnapatnam

RAPP

53,000MW

23,000MW

1,700MWSIKKIM

MYANMMAR

CHICKENNECK

Cuddalore

SRI LANKACOLOMBO

NEPAL BHUTAN

DESHBANGLA

South Madras

Pipavav

Generation Load-Centre

Kolkata

Bhubaneswar

Patna

Lucknow

Delhi

Mumbai

Chennai

Bangalore

Bhopal

Guwahati

Jammu

Ludhiana

Jaipur

Gandhinagar

Indore

Raipur

Thiruvananthapuram

Kozhikode

Hyderabad

* Hydro Potential : 1,10,000

> 25,000MW already installed

> 19,000MW under implementation

> 66,000MW still to be exploited

* 90% coal reserves in ER & WR

Courtesy: cea.nic.in


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Wind Potential in India

Courtesy: http://www.inwea.org/


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Electricity Regions Synchronous Regions

North

Central

South

North

West

South

East

North-East

RecentlySynchronized


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Power Sector in India: Structure

Federal Structure

RLDC(Regional System Operator)

Apex bodies in regional grid operation

Supervise and control inter-regional and

inter-state transmission systems.

SLDC(State level System Operator)To Supervise and control State PowerSystems.

RLDCs can give directions to SLDCs for Grid security


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The Institutional Framework

Federal Regulator Central Electricity Regulatory Commission

State Level Regulators State Electricity Regulatory Commission

Technical Advisory Bodyof Ministry of Power Central Electricity Authority (CEA)

Electricity Regulatory Commission Act 1998

Central Government owned companies / institutions / organizations

MinistryGenerating

Companies

Trading

Companies Transmission

Companies

Research

OrganizationsOthers


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Central Level Organizations

Federal Regulator: Central Electricity Regulatory Commission

State Level Regulator: State Electricity Regulatory Commissions

Technical Advisory Body of MoP: Central Electricity Authority

Central Government owned Companies

Thermal GenerationNTPC

Hydel GenerationNHPC

TransmissionPGCIL


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Operational and Ownership Hierarchy


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RLDC

SLDC

RLDC

Electric Supply Industry: Structure

Regional Grid Regional Grid

SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC


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State Level Organizations

State Electricity Boards (SEBs)

IPPs, CPPs


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Central Sector Power Pool

ISGS

ISGS ISGS

ISGS

ConstituentState

ConstituentState

ConstituentState

ConstituentState

Central

Pool


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State Power Demand

State Power

Demand

State Owned

Generators

Central Power

Pool


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Western Regional Grid of India

Maharashtra

Goa

Gujarat

Madhya Pradesh

Chhattisgarh

DadraNagarHaveli

DamanDiu

PowerCentral

Pool

Korba Thermal Power Station (KSTPS)

Vindhyachal Thermal Power Station (VSTPS)

Kawas Gas Power Station (KGPP)

Gandhar Gas Power Station (GGPP)

Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS)

Kakrapar Atomic Power Station (KAPS)

Constituents of Western Grid Central Sector Power Stations


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EEL 303: Course Contents

Revision of fundamentals and per unit analysis

Transmission line modeling, characteristics andperformance

Power flow analysis

Fault analysis Symmetrical components and sequence networks

Economic operation of power systems

Power system stability

Documents

EEL303 L1 Introduction