EE081-Lighting Engineering-Pr-Inst.pdf

7/25/2019 EE081-Lighting Engineering-Pr-Inst.pdf

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SRI LANKA INSTITUTE of ADVANCED TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION

Training Unit

Lighting EngineeringPractice

No: EE 081

INDUSTRIETECHNIKINDUSTRIETECHNIK

ELECTRICAL and ELECTRONIC

ENGINEERING

Instructor Manual


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Training Unit

Lighting Engineering

Practical Part

No.: EE 081

Edition: 2008Al l Rights Reserved

Editor: MCE Industrietechnik Linz GmbH & CoEducation and Training Systems, DM-1Lunzerst rasse 64 P.O.Box 36, A 4031 Linz / Aus triaTel. (+ 43 / 732) 6987 3475Fax (+ 43 / 732) 6980 4271Website: www.mcelinz.com


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LIGHTING ENGINEERING

CONTENTS Page

LEARNING OBJECTIVES...................................................................................................4

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 1

Incandescent lamp...............................................................................................................5


Drawing the isolux curves using the point to point method..................................................8


Calculating a fighting Installation using polar distribution curves.......................................11


Calculating a street lighting system ...................................................................................16


Fluorescent lamp with glow starter ....................................................................................22


Measuring the operating data of a fluorescent lamp with glow starter...............................24


To improve the power factor of a fluorescent lamp............................................................26


Parallel connection of two fluorescent lamps.....................................................................29


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Tandem circuit with fluorescent lamps...............................................................................31


Lead-Iag circuit of fluorescent lamps.................................................................................33


To study the power factor of lead-lag circuit ...................................................................... 35


Reduction of flickering (stroboscopic effect) of fluorescent lamps by three-phase system38


Secure light fittings an reinforced concrete or masonry.....................................................41


Secure light fittings on steel structure................................................................................44


Securing lighting fittings on a steel rope............................................................................49


Installation of high-pressure mercury vapour lamp............................................................52


Installation of high-pressure sodium vapour lamp.............................................................54

PRACTICAL TEST ............................................................................................................58


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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

The student should

calculate a lighting Installation using a "light distribution curve.

calculate the intensity of illumination of an installation using the efficiency method.

sketch the basic circuits of fluorescent lamps.

secure light fittings in the proper manner.

calculate the luminous flux for various types of installations i.e. workshop, offices,

storage rooms etc.

calculate the luminous flux for various sizes and types of lamps. plan lighting installations and carry out Installation.

install fluorescent lamps by use of the basic circuits.


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PRACTICAL EXERCISE 1:

Incandescent lamp

1. TASK

Calculate and measure the Illumination an different points of a surface by using a 40 W

incandescent lamp.

2. EQUIPMENT

Incandescent lamp 40 W / 220 V

E27 Screw Type lamp holder pendent

Automatic breaker

Switch single pole

Luxmeter

Protractor

Ruler

Paper

Pencil

Polar curve

Table (angle - cosine - cosine cubed)

Gable to connect lamp 3 cores, 1.5 mm PVC ins. sheathed)

3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE

a) Connect the light source and determine the 0-point of the place to be illuminated

vertical under the lamp.

b) Measure the height h between source and 0.

c) Measure the angle between the lines which connect the light source to point 0 and

points 1/4h, 112h, 3/4h, h, 5/4h.


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Degree Cosine Cosine cubed

0 1.0 1.0

5 0.996 0.989

10 0.985 0.955

15 0.966 0.901

20 0.940 0.830

25 0.906 0.744

30 0.866 0.650

35 0.819 0.550

40 0.766 0.450

45 0.707 0.354

50 0.643 0.266

55 0.574 0.189

60 0.500 0.125

65 0.423 0.076

70 0.342 0.040

75 0.259 0.017

80 0.174 0.005

85 0.087 0.001

90 0.0 0.0


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d) Determine the luminous intensity with luxmeter and draw a polar curve of lighting units

depending on the angle.

e) Calculate the illumination at each point using the following formulae and enter the

calculated values onto the table.

f) Draw the illumination curve.


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Drawing the isolux curves using the point to point method

1. TASK

A light source is fitted at a height h. Determine the points which have the same

Illumination values (isolux).

2. EQUIPMENT

Protractor

Rule

Paper

Pencil

Polar curve

Table (angle - cosine - cosine cubed)

Fluorescent lamp

Luxmeter

Cable

Clips


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a) Measure values of constant illumination around the source.

b) Draw the isolux curves through the points 1/4h, 1/2h, 3/4h, h, 5/4h an the axis

perpendicular to the length axis of the tube and write the illumination values above

each isolux curve.

c) Calculate the light current 1 of the fluorescent lamp and compare the result with a

second value-pair of E and cos .


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Calculating a fighting Installation using polar distribution curves

1. TASK

Calculate the required quantity of different type of lamps to illuminate several rooms by

means of polar distribution curves.

2. EQUIPMENT

Tables and technical data as included in this exercise

Paper, pencil


a). Given parameters:

1. turning workshop

I = 48 m, b= 12 m, h = 5 m, light uniformity 1 : 3, required illumination 250 Ix

2. office for technical drawing

I = 16 m, b = 8 m, h = 4 m, light uniformity 1 : 1.5, required illumination 1000 lx

3. hair dressing studio

I = 10 m, b = 4 m, h = 3 m, light uniformity 1 : 2, required Illumination 750 lx

Reflection factors of room 1: 0.5/0.3/0.1

Reflection factors of rooms 2, 3: 0.8/0.5/0.3


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TABLE 1: Lamp quantity in the room

(valid only if the lamp is equipped with fluorescent Iamps L 58 W / 5400 Im)

Type A - wet room lamp with one fluorescent lamp protection degree IP 65

area of the room in mEm inLx h in

m20 30 50 75 100 150 250

100 2.15 1 2 2 3 4 5 8

100 3.15 2 2 3 3 4 6 8

100 4.15 2 3 3 4 5 6 9

250 2.15 3 4 5 7 9 12 18

250 3.15 4 4 6 8 10 13 21

250 4.15 5 6 8 10 12 15 23

light room p = 0.8 /0.5 /0.3

100 2.15 2 3 4 5 6 8 12

100 3.15 3 3 5 6 7 9 13100 4.15 4 4 5 7 8 10 15

250 2.15 5 6 8 11 14 18 28

250 3.15 6 8 11 13 16 22 32

250 4.15 8 10 12 16 19 24 37

dark room p = 0.5 /0.3 /0.1

Type B - wet room lamp with two fluorescent lamps protection degree IP 65

area of the room in mEm inLx

h inm 20 30 50 75 100 150 250

100 2.15 1 1 2 2 2 3 4

100 3.15 1 1 2 2 3 3 5100 4.15 1 2 2 2 3 4 5

250 2.15 2 2 3 3 5 7 10

250 3.15 2 3 4 5 6 8 11

250 4.15 3 3 4 5 7 8 12

light room p =0.8/0.5 / 0.3

100 2.15 1 2 2 3 3 4 6

100 3.15 2 2 3 3 4 5 7

100 4.15 2 2 3 4 4 6 8

250 2.15 3 3 5 6 7 10 15

250 3.15 3 4 6 7 9 12 17

250 4.15 5 5 7 9 10 13 20

dark room p =0.5/0.3/ 0.1


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Type A:

Wet room lamp with one fluorescent lamp, protection degree IP 65

Polar distribution curve (3 lamps erected in a row)

Lamp distance at given uniformity:


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Type B:

Wet room lamp with two fluorescent lamps, protection degree IP 65

Polar distribution curve (3 lamps erected in a row)

Lamp distance at given uniformity


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b) Draw a floor plan of the turning workshop.

c) Calculate the area of the room.

d) Determine the required quantity of lamps in the room by means of table 1 and

calculation. Check the required quantity for both types of lamps.

A = 576 m2

E = 250 lx

h = 4.15 m (Illumination height)

from table 1 we get for type A:

for 250 m, 250 Ix, 4.15 m -> 23 lamps

for 576 m: 23 lamps x 576/250 m = 53,084 lamps -> 52 lamps

from table 1 we get for type B:

for 250 m2, 250 lx, 4.15 m ->

for 576 m2 ->

e) Draw proposals for lamp distribution plans based on floorplan and results of d)

(assume 1700 mm lamp length).

f) Check your proposals by means of the data given in table 2.

g) Use the polar distribution curve to determine the maximum lateral distance between

two lamps (for type A appr. 2.5 m).

h) Check by means of table 2 "lamp distance at given uniformity" if your proposals

meet the requirements.

i) Modify your lamp distribution plan proposals in accordance with the previous steps.

j) Include a three-phase supply system for all the lamps in the drawing.

k) Repeat the whole exercise for the Office for technical drawing and the pair dressing

studio.

Conclusion:


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Calculating a street lighting system

1. TASK

Calculate the illumination (E) by means of the candlepower (J). Select the required type of

lamps with the aid of a light distribution curve.

2. EQUIPMENT

Tables and technical data as included in this exercise

Paper, pencil


a) Given parameter:

A street, which is 22 m broad should be illuminated by lamps for direct light. The

minimum illumination (E) should not be less than 4 Ix.

NOTE:

The Iamp eight (h) shouldn't be smaller than the third of the streetbreadth.

The Iampdistance (c) should be three to four times the Iampheight (h).

b) Calculate the lamp height (h):

h >= 1/3 x 22 m = 7.33 m

We select (h) therefore with 8 m.


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c) Calculate the Iampdistance (c):

c = 3 x 8m = 24m

d) How to calculate the light current (I) for the point P, which is located just in the

middle between two lamps as shown in the drawing below.

The distance between lamp and illuminated point is under normal conditions difficult to

measure. Therefore the formula is transformed to:

e) Determine angle e by means of Lane's monographic diagram.

f) Use table 2 to find the corresponding value for cos .


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g) Calculate the required light current I:

h) Determine the luminous intensity produced by our lamp at an angle E by means of

polar distribution curve

/= 134 cd (value valid for a glow lamp with 1000 Im)

i) The luminous flux for the lamp must be:

Therefore we select a mercury vapour lamp HQL 125 W with a luminous flux of 6300

Im.

j) Check this result by formula

The luminous intensity direct underneath the lamp

(at an angle = 0) must be found by means of light distribution curve.

k) Calculate the Illumination uniformity.

Uniformity:

l) Repeat the exercise, but this time the minimum Illumination (E) should not be fess

than 10 Ix.


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m) Calculate the required lamps for illuminating a street which is 14 m broad from

lampposts with a height of 5 m and to guarantee a minimum illumination of 20 Ix.

n) Calculate the required lamps for illuminating a walkway which is 4 m broad from

lampposts with a height of 3 m and to guarantee a minimum illumination of 50 Ix.

Conclusion:


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Table 1:

Nomo graphic diagram from G. Lane

h = lamp height

c = lamp distance

= angle between vertical axis and beam direction

h = 8 m

c = 24 m


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Table 2: cos3

Table 3: polar distribution curve

polar distribution curve of a lamp for direct lighting, equipped with a glow lamp 1000 Im.


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Fluorescent lamp with g low starter

1. TASK

Complete the circuit diagram shown below. Set up the circuit, switch it an and explain the

function of the glow starter.

2. EQUIPMENT

1 Fluorescent lamp ZFL 1/18

1 Fluorescent lamp socket with starter

1 Fluorescent lamp socket

1 Choke

1 Circuit breaker

1 Megger

Connecting leads

Connectors

Wires


a) Complete the circuit diagram.

b) Connect the circuit as per drawing.


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c) Test the circuit according to the regulations.

d) Test the operation of the set-up circuit.

e) Remove the starter when the lamp glows and observe the circuit Operation.

f) Switch-on supply without glow starter and observe the lamp.

g) Describe the function of the starter.

Conclusion


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Measuring the operating data of a fluorescent lamp with glow s tarter

1. TASK

Determine the operating data of the fluorescent lamp with a set-up circuit

2. EQUIPMENT

1 Fluorescent lamp TL 20/33



1 Choke

1 Circuit breaker

1 Multimeter (300 V)

1 Ammeter 3 A

Connecting leads

Wires

Connectors

Screws


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a) Set up the circuit of the fluorescent lamp.

b) Test the circuit according to the regulations.

c) Measure the filament current flowing through the starter by switching the lamp on.

Record the reading of voltmeter and ammeter.

d) Repeat the same measurement when the lamp glows.

e) Measure the lamp current and voltage.

Results:

- the filament current when switching the lamp on:

- the filament current when the lamp is glowing:

- the line current when the lamp is switched-on:

- the line current when the lamp is glowing:- the lamp voltage at switch on.

- the lamp voltage at glow.

Conclusion:


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To improve the power factor of a fluorescent lamp

1. TASK

Compensate the reactive power of a fluorescent farnp. Compute the results of apparent

power and true power.

2. EQUIPMENT




1 Choke

1 Circuit breaker

1 Voltmeter 0 - 300 V (AC)

1 Ammeter 0 - 3 A (AC)

1 Wattmeter 220 V / 5 A

2 capacitors 3 F 450 V/4.5 F 450 V

Connecting leads

Wires

Connectors

Screws

Megger


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a) Set up the following circuit and test according to the regulations.

b) Measure and record the values of (U) and (I) without capacitor and compute the

apparent power.

c) Measure and record the power with the wattmeter.

d) Calculate the power factor.

e) Connect 3 F capacitor and repeat steps b), c), d).

f) Connect 4.5 F capacitor and repeat steps b), c), d) again.

g) Compare the results.

- without compensation: - compensation with 3 F:


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- compensation with 4 F:

s . apparent power (VA)

Conclusion:


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Parallel connection of two f luorescent lamps

1. TASK

Set up the parallel connection of two fluorescent lamps according to the circuit diagram.

Compute the results of apparent power and true power. Calculate the power factor.

2. EQUIPMENT




2 Choke

1 Circuit breaker

1 Voltmeter 0 - 300 V

1 Ammeter 0 - 10 A

1 Wattmeter 220 V / 5 A

1 Megger 500 V

Connecting leads

Wires

Connectors

Screws

Discoscope


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a) Connect the circuit as shown in the diagram and test according to the regulations.

b) Measure the values of (U) and (1) and compute the apparent power.

c) Measure the power with the wattmeter.


Conclusion:


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PRACTICAL EXERCESE 9:

Tandem circuit with fluorescent lamps

1. TASK

Set up the tandem connection according to the circuit diagram. Note the difference

between this connection and two in parallel connected fluorescent lamps.

2. EQUIPMENT




1 Choke

1 Circuit breaker (one ampere or greater)

Connecting Leads

Wires

Connectors

Screws Discoscope

Megger


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a) Set up the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram and test in accordance with the

regulations.

b) Operate the circuit.

c) Compare the tandem connection with the basic circuits of two fluorescent lamps

connected in parallel. Describe the difference.

Conclusion:

Advantage - low manufacturer's weight

Disadvantage - if one of the four components falls, the whole circuit isn't working


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Lead-Iag circuit o f fluorescent lamps

1. TASK

Draw the circuit diagram of the lead-lag circuit and make the connections. Describe the

advantages of the lead-lag circuit.

2. EQUIPMENT




2 Choke

1 Circuit breaker

1 Capacitor 3F

Connecting leads

Wires

Connectors

Screws

Discometer


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a) Complete the circuit diagram of the layout of equipment for the lead-lag circuit.

b) Set up the circuit and test the Operation in accordance with the regulations.

c) Compare the lead-lag circuit with the tandem circuit. Describe the differences and

the advantages of the twin connection, respectively.

d) Check by means of disco meter if there is any flickering (stroboscopic effect) or not.

Conclusion:


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To study the power factor of lead-lag circuit

1. TASK

Compensation of the twin connection. Test and calculate the results and find the best

capacitor for the compensation.

2. EQUIPMENT




2 Choke

Connecting Leads

1 Circuit breaker

Voltmeter 300 V (AC)

Wattmeter 220 V / 5 A

Ammeter 3 A (AC)

Capacitor 3 F

Capacitor 4.5 F

Wires

Screws

Connectors


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a) Set up the circuit as shown in the diagram and test its operation with C1.

b) Measure the voltage and the current and calculate the apparent power.

c) Measure the power with the wattmeter.


e) Repeat the steps a), b), c), d) with C2.

f) Compare the power factors in both cases.

g) Compare the advantages of this compensation with that of a simple fluorescent lamp

connection.


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- compensation with 3 F - compensation with 4.5 F

s .. apparent power (VA)

Conclusion:


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Reduction of flickering (stroboscopic effect) of fluorescent lamps by three-

phase system

1. TASK

To avoid flickering of fluorescent lamps by use in row installation the lamps should be split

up to a three-phase system using 3 x 380/220 V. For best results neighbouring lamps

should be on different phases.

2. EQUIPMENT




1 Three-phase circuit breaker

3 Choke

3 Capacitor 4,5 F

1 Disco meter

1 Workbench

1 Training board

3 Plastic junction boxes

1 m Plastic conduit dia 16 mm

12 Plastic clamps 16

24 Screws 4 x 40 mm

24 Plug dowels HUD 6


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3. CARRY OUT THE EXERC1SE

a) Connect-up a circuit as per drawing.

b) Switch-on the three-phase switch.

c) Switch-on the discometer.

d) Find-out if there is a stroboscopic effect or not.

Circuit diagram


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Detailed wiring diagram

Conclusion:


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Secure light fi ttings an reinforced concrete or masonry

a) TASK

a) Secure a fluorescent lamp on reinforced concrete or masonry by means of plastic

Installation material.

b) Secure a fluorescent lamp on reinforced concrete or masonry by means of steel

conduits and steel Installation material.

NOTE:

For training reasons we use instead of concrete or masonry our training board.

2. EQUIPMENT

2 Fluorescent lamp



2 Choke

2 Single pole switch

1 Plastic junction box

2 Steel junction box

1 m Plastic conduit dia 16 mm

1 m Steel conduit PG 16

2 Plastic conduit bend 90 dia 16 mm

2 Steel conduits bend 90 dia PG 1615 Plastic clamp 16 15 Steel clamp 16

5 m HO7V-K10 black

5 m HO7V-K10 blue


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5 m HO7V-K10 green-yellow 30

Screws M4 x 40 mm

30 Plug dowels HUD6


Installation plan

Detailed wiring diagram


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a) Select the correct screws, plugs, conduits etc.

b) Drill holes to the right size.

c) Secure the lamp fitting on the training board.

d) Erect switches and junction boxes.

e) Wire and complete the installation.

f) Function the circuit.

Conclusion:


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Secure light fittings on steel structure

1. TASK

To secure light fittings and electro Installation on steel structure by means of several

Installation materials.

2. EQUIPMENT




1 Choke

1 Switch

1 Junction box

3 m A05-VV-U 3g 1,5

2 m Angle steel 40/40/3

2 m Steel Conduit PG 16

25 Screws M4 x 20

25 Nuts M4

25 Washers M4

25 Spring washers M4

2 Clamp straps (quick fix)

4 Sheet metal 100 x 40 x 2

2 Sheet metal 100 x 100 x 23 Screws clamp straps

8 Screw sets for "Peschel" tube 16

1 m "Peschel" tube 16

2 Lock nuts PG 16


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Male and female bushes PG 16

Glands PG 16 for flexible conduit

Drill 4 mm

Taps for PG 16


Installation plan

1. steel conduit PG 162. "Peschel" tube PG 16

3. rapid fastening clamp (see page 48, detail 1)

4. Screw clamp strap (see page 48, detail 2)

5. angle sheet iron for steel conduit (see page 49, detail 3)

6. angle sheet iron for fluorescent lamp (as 5)

7. angle sheet iron for switch, junction box (as 5)

8. angle steel 40/40/3


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Detail 1: rapid fastening clamp

It is widely used for erection of electrical installation within industrial plants, as for these

clamps neither drilling nor screwing is necessary, it allows fast working.

Disadvantage:

It damages the corrosive protection

Detail 2: screw clamp strap

The most common way of erecting electrical Installation on steel structure.

It may be used for all sizes of conduits and steel structures.


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Detail 3: auxiliary construction (angle bracket)

By means of angle bracket it is possible to erect switches, junction boxes, lamps, carriers

etc. proper on steel structures.


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Securing lighting fittings on a steel rope

1. TASK

To secure the fluorescent lamp on the wire rope.

2. EQUIPMENT

Fluorescent lamp fitting (hanging type)

Screws and plugs

Wire rope

Former

Turn-buckle

Shear for wire rope

Wire rope clips

Tools

Eyebolts

Step ladder (aluminium)

Plugs


a) Select the correct drill for the piugs.

b) Drill the holes on the walk.c) Insert the plugs into the holes.

d) Screw the eyebolts into the holes.

e) Make two eyes at the ends of the wire rope using crosby clips and the formers.


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The number of Crosby clips and the spacing between them are found on the table shown

below:

Wire rope dia. (mm) Number of clips Spacing between clips (mm)

6 2 3.8

8 2 5

10 2 5.7

11 2 6.3

1.3 3 7.6

16 3 10

20 4 10.7

The correct installation of Crosby clips is as follows:

- tighten the furthest clip from eye

- strain the wire rope

- tighten the other clips while the rope remains under strain

f) Secure the fluorescent lamp on the wire cable.

g) Link the wire cable eyes, turn-buckles and eyebolts together at the both ends of the

wire cable.

h) Strain the wire cable using turn-buckles.


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Conclusion:


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Installation of high-pressure mercury vapour lamp

1. TASK

Secure a high-pressure mercury vapour lamp an a wire rope and determine the operating

data of the circuit.

2. EQUIPMENT

High pressure mercury vapour lamp HQL 80W

Lamp housing including series reactor to HQL 80W

Wire rope

Cable Switch Formers

Crosby clips

Eyebolts

Plugs Tools Turn-buckles

Shear for wire rope


a) Check the wire rope erected in the previous exercise. Retighten the rope if required.

b) Dismantle the lamp, describe the parts of the lamp and their functions and

reassemble it.


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c) Secure the lamp fitting on the wire rope.

d) Install the switch on the training board.

e) Connect-up the lamp and switch.

f) Apply nominal voltage.

g) Check the function of the circuit as well as the switch on / switch off characteristic of

the lamp.

Circuit diagram:

Conclusion:


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LIGTHING ENGINEERING


Installation of high-pressure sodium vapour lamp

1. TASK

Secure a high-pressure sodium vapour lamp an a wire rope and determine the operating

data of the circuit.

2. EQUIPMENT

High-pressure sodium vapour lamp NAV-E5OW

Lamp housing including series reactor and ignition device to NAV-E5OW

Wire rope

Cable 3 x 2.5 mm2 PVC sheathed

Switch

Rope wire

Crosby clips

Tools

Turn-buckles

Plugs

Eyebolts

Former


a) Check the wire rope erected in the previous exercise. Retighten the rope if required.

b) Dismantle the lamp, describe the parts of the lamp and their functions and

reassemble it.


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c) Secure the lamp fitting on the wire rope.

d) Install the switch on the training board.

e) Connect-up lamp and switch.

f) Apply nominal voltalte.

g) Check the function of the circuit as well as the switch on / switch off characteristic of

the lamp.

Circuit diagram:

Conclusion:


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KEY TO EVALUATION

PER CENT MARK

88 100 1

75 87 2

62 74 3

50 61 4

0 49 5


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EE081

Lighting Engineering

Practical Test


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PRACTICAL TEST

TASK

Two 40 W fluorescent lamps should be connected so that the total current is in phase with

the supply voltage. The Power factor becomes almost unity with no stroboscopic effect.

- Complete the detailed wiring diagram.

- Wire the switching circuit on the exercise panel.

The detailed wiring diagram


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PRACTICAL TEST

(Solution)

The detailed wiring diagram

C1 = capacitor

L1, L2 = choke

E1, E2 = fluorescent tube

Unity power factor is obtained when the two lamps are connected in a dual lamp (twin

tube) circuit. In this circuit one lamp has inductive and the other has capacitive effect.

The light and dark periods overlap, giving almost flicker-free light (no stroboscopic effect).


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EVALUATION SHEET FOR PRACTICAL TEST

Points

Correct detailed wiring diagram

- inductive branch 7

- capacitive branch 7 14

Operation of the circuit

- inductive branch 15

- capacitive branch 15 30

Neatness

- Installation of the components 6 6

Total points 50


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KEY TO EVALUATION

PER CENT MARK

88 100 1

75 87 2

62 74 3

50 61 4

0 49 5

Documents

EE081-Lighting Engineering-Pr-Inst.pdf